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Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Why is this important? What does the industry say? How does the technology work? How does it address the problem? What do we offer? What are the alternatives? If you are not already doing this work where
do you find it?
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Data Center Knowledge July, 2010 survey of 240 readers
26% operate more than 10 data centers 63% are expanding Top five interest areas
Data Center Design Green IT and Energy Efficiency Power and Cooling Data Center Management and Automation Solutions to Reduce Energy Cost
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Pike Research study Results released in August
$41B market by 2015 28% of all data center projects 46% of investments focused on reducing power
and cooling requirements
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
42U rack 84 blades 250w/blade 19.32kw/rack 50 racks 1Mw of server demand Plus…1Mw of heat rejection
= 275 tons of cooling and 100,000 to 150,000 cfm
2Mw total demand
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Convert expense to revenue
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
“PUE” Previous slide PUE approximately 2.77 Target PUE approximately 1.0
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Microsoft’s latest promos
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
What is Direct Evaporative Cooling Cooling occurs because water changes
phase from a liquid to a vapor Water vapor is introduced directly into air
stream Constant wet bulb temp Saturation efficiency 80% DB & WB approach
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
How much cooling can be achieved? Wet bulb depression
Difference between 100 DB and 70 WB System efficiency (aka “saturation efficiency”) of
80% 100-70 = 30 30 x 0.8 = 24 100-24 = 76
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTSea LevelBAROMETRIC PRESSURE 29.921 inches of Mercury
Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com
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Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Cooling Effect Sensible cooling = 1.08 * cfm * delta-t 1.08 * 10,000 * 24 = 259,200 btuh or 21.6 tons
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
What is Indirect Evaporative cooling Water never enters the supply air stream Indirect up to 75% system efficiency Straight sensible cooling Reduces wet bulb temperature
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
How much cooling can be achieved? Wet bulb depression
Difference between 100 DB and 70 WB System efficiency of 75% 100-70 = 30 30 x 0.75 = 22.5 100-22.5 = 77.5
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Cooling Effect Sensible cooling = 1.08 * cfm * delta-t 1.08 * 10,000 * 22.5 = 243,000 btuh or 20.25
tons
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTSea LevelBAROMETRIC PRESSURE 29.921 inches of Mercury
Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com
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Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
What is Indirect/Direct Evaporative cooling Consider it a two-stage hybrid First stage lowers dry bulb and wet bulb Second stage further lowers the dry bulb using
the first stage results as the starting point
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
How much cooling can be achieved (Stage One)? Wet bulb depression
Difference between 100 DB and 70 WB System efficiency of 75% 100-70 = 30 30 x 0.75 = 22.5 100-22.5 = 77.5
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
How much cooling can be achieved (Stage Two)? Wet bulb depression
Difference between 77.5 DB and 63.5 WB System efficiency of 80% 77.5-63.5 = 14 14 x 0.8 = 11.2 77.5-11.2 = 66.3
Total temperature drop is 22.5 + 11.2 = 33.7 degrees
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Cooling Effect Sensible cooling = 1.08 * cfm * delta-t 1.08 * 10,000 * 33.7 = 363,960 btuh or 30.33
tons
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
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PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTSea LevelBAROMETRIC PRESSURE 29.921 inches of Mercury
Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com
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Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Cooling Effect Summary Direct evap
Supply temp = 76 degrees Tonnage = 21.6
Indirect evap Supply temp = 77.5 degrees Tonnage = 20.25
Indirect/Direct evap Supply temp = 66.3 Tonnage = 30.33
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
DALLAS
WICHITA
SACRAMENTO
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
How does this address the problem? Remember the goal…shifting the kw required
for cooling over to the kw available for servers Evaporative cooling vs. chilled water vs. DX
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
How does this address the problem? Aztec ASC ~ .25 kw/ton Air cooled rooftop ~ 1.15 kw/ton (10.5 EER)
Evaporative cooled chiller ~ .88 kw/ton
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
How does this address the problem? For our 30 ton example unit:
Aztec ASC ~ 7.5 kw Air cooled rooftop ~ 34.5 kw Evaporative cooled chiller ~ 26.4 kw
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Potential applications Enterprise data centers Colocation data centers R&D labs Telecommunication equipment centers Server closets Container-based server centers Abandoned “big box” conversions
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Applications that probably will not work Tropical environments Marine environments
Potential corrosion due to salt air Heavily polluted environments
Potential corrosion due to VOCs and ozone “Traditional” design criteria is specified
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Issues to consider Hot aisle/Cold aisle separation Using the “worst case” scenario for design Be aware of the resulting dew point Remember the vapor barrier
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Equipment characteristics to consider Control the water
All welded floor of stainless steel or aluminum All welded drain pans at least 4” high Internal velocities Mist eliminators Conduit for electrical and control wiring
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Equipment characteristics to consider Know the water
Consider water quality Evaluate the use of automatic systems
Remember the end user
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Aztec ASC line Indirect or indirect/direct evap Cooling-only or Cooling-
Heating systems DDC controls with Internet
access available Stainless steel evap sections Fully welded floor pans Fiberdek UL900cl2 media Duradek edge coating Cleanable media pre-filters Internal seismic rated
fan/motor isolation VFD capable Automatic fill and drain system DHTD “digital high turndown”
burner heating technology 1,500 – 37,500 cfm range
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Alton HECD line Stainless steel evap sections Fully welded floor Fiberdek UL900cl2 media
optional Duradek edge coating optional Cleanable media pre-filters Automatic fill and drain system 5,000 – 64,000 cfm range
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
What are the alternatives? In-rack In-room Conventional HVAC Hybrid DX or Chilled
Water/Evaporative HVAC
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
What are the alternatives? In-rack
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
What are the alternatives? In-room
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
What are the alternatives? Conventional HVAC
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
What are the alternatives? Hybrid Dx or chilled
water/Evaporative Cooling
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
How to find the work Talk to electric utility folks Talk to local economic development folks Emphasize revenue vs. expense Emphasize easier repurposing of
abandoned retail space
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers
Summary Direct evaporative cooling is the least
expensive Indirect/direct evaporative cooling is the most
effective The goal is to convert expense to revenue for
the client And remember….computers don’t sweat…so
go as warm as you can
Q & A
Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers