Evolution Test Review

Finzer 2012

List and explain the evidence that supports the theory of evolution.

• Adaptations• Natural

selection• Mimicry• Camouflage

① process where individuals better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

② inherited characteristics that increase an organisms chance of survival

③ an adaptation that allows one organism to appear like another

④ an adaptation that enables an organism to blend in with its surroundings

Mimicry and Camouflage

List and explain the evidence that supports the theory of evolution.

• Homologous structures

• Analogous structure

• Vestigial structures

① structures that have different forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic materials Ex: forelimbs of a human, dog, and seal

② structures that are similar in function but not in structure Ex: wings of a bird or insects

③ structures that serve no useful function in an organism but once did

Homologous Structures

Analogous Structures

Vestigial Structures

Identify the four components of Darwin’s natural selection that can lead to evolution.

①living things produce far more offspring than can possibly survive to adulthood

②each offspring has some variation that makes it an imperfect replica of the parent(s)

③some variations will have greater survival advantage than others

④those individuals with the better variations will generally tend to survive and produce more successful offspring. The sorting of "good" from "not good" individuals by their environment is what Darwin termed "natural selection."

Explain how phenotypic variation serves as the raw material for evolution.

• Can you apply Darwin’s 4 components to a re-life example like the Finches on the Galapagos Islands?

Distinguish between the 2 methods of dating fossils.Relative Age versus Absolute Age

• 1. Compares two• 2. Uses terms

older or youngerSuperposition in

rock layers

• 1. Gives actual number OR information that allows you to find the number.

• 2. Numbers DO NOT have to be exact.

• Also known as radiometric dating because of the decay of radioactive elements in rocks

Explain how natural selection leads to biodiversity and

speciation.• Stabilizing

selection – the middle or average phenotypes or traits are favored for survival in a particular environment

Explain how natural selection leads to biodiversity and

speciation.• Directional selection

– one of the extreme phenotypes or traits are favored for survival in a particular environment. Could be the largest of the smallest critters, or the darkest or lightest critters

Explain how natural selection leads to biodiversity and

speciation.• Disruptive

selection – both extreme phenotypes or traits are favored for survival in a particular environment. Small and big spiders survive instead of medium size spiders

Compare and contrast the 2 types of evolution – convergent and

divergent.• Convergent:• Organisms not closely

related• Share the same habitat• Share environmental

selection pressures• Developed similar traits

(adaptations) for their similar environment

• Examples:• Dolphins/Sharks• Birds/Flying Insects

Compare and contrast the 2 types of evolution – convergent and

divergent.• Divergent:• Organisms closely related• Live in different habitats• Do not share the same

environmental pressures• Develop different traits

(adaptations) for their differing environments

• Examples: • Darwin’s finches• Grizzly bear and Polar

bear • All species of cats

Compare and contrast the 2 types of evolution – convergent and divergent.• Convergent

evolution means different structure, similar function – analogous structures

• Divergent evolution means same structure, different function – homologous structures

Compare and contrast the 2 types of evolution – convergent and divergent.Similarities:• Both are types of

evolution• Both show changes

in species over time