•Exam #1 W 2/10 in class(bring your cheat sheet)Review T 2/9 from 6-8pmin WRW 102

Is this all of your DNA?

Mitochondria have their own DNA.

Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast have DNA

mitochondria

Only the egg provides mitochondria to the offspring.

Fig 47.3

HumanLifeCycle

In femalesMom provides 50.000275% and Dad provides 49.999825% of DNA to offspring.

… because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA

A few diseases are caused by mutations in mtDNA

Pedigree of a mitochondrial disease:(black signifies affected individual)

Which shape represents females?

Pedigree of a mitochondrial disease:Males and females may be affected by a disease coded on mtDNA, but only females pass it on.

Mitochondrial DNA comparisons can be used to trace ancestry:

Tsar’s Family

During the Bolshevik revolution, the Tsar’s family was captured and executed.

Tsar’s Family

There are many stories about what happened to their youngest daughter Anastasia

Anna Anderson, claimed she was Anastasia

Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia, but tests of her mtDNA and one of Anastasia’s maternal relatives did not match.

For more info check out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_RussiaOr the book “Seven Daughters of Eve” by Bryan Sykes

Phenotype

Genotype

Fig 14.8

Y y

r R

Gene for seed color

Gene for seed shape

Approximate position of seed color and shape genes in peas

Chrom. 1/7 Chrom. 7/7

Fig 15.2The inheritance of genes on different chromosomes is independent:independent assortment

Fig 14.8

Some crosses do not give the expected results

Fig 15.9

Fig 15.9

Heterozygous wild typegray w/ normal wings

b+ b vg+ vg

Homozygous wild typeblack w/vestigial wings

b b vg vg

=25%

8%9%41%42%

Fig15.9

Does this show recombination?

D/dM1/M2

d/dM1/M2

D/dM1/M2

d/dM2/M2

D/dM2/M2

d/dM2/M2

Does this show recombination?

D/dM1/M2

d/dM1/M2

D/dM1/M2

d/dM2/M2

D/dM2/M2

d/dM2/M2

arental ecomb.

=25%

8%9%41%42%

Fig15.9

Why fewer recombinants than parentals?

These two genes are on the same chromosome

These two genes are on the same chromosome,and close together.

Homologouspair of chromosomes

Fig 15.10

By comparing recombination frequencies, a linkage map can be constructed

= ? m.u.

Fig 15.11

By comparing recombination frequencies, a linkage map can be constructed

= 17 m.u.

Fig 15.11

Linkage map of Drosophila chromosome 2

Fig 15.12

Only 2 of the 4 chromosomes can cross-over.

Recombinants

Linkage map of Drosophila chromosome 2

Fig 15.12

Yeast chromosome 3

physical distance linkage

map

Recombination is not completely random.

•Exam #1 W 2/10 in class(bring your cheat sheet)Review T 2/9 from 6-8pmin WRW 102