Experiences with production of battery packages for Smart ... Presentations/8... · order to be...

Experiences with production of battery packages for Smart Grid solutions

Gerold Neumann (CTO)

Dispatch Energy Innovations GmbH

© Dispatch Energy Innovations GmbH WTSH DE-DÄ/28-11-2013/GN

Itzehoe Heidelberg

Founded 2009 by Dietmar Gruidl, Dispatch Energy received first Seed-Financing mid of 2010 from a private investor and 2011 from an industrial investor

Headquarter was moved from Heidelberg to Itzehoe in order to be close to Fraunhofer Institut für Silizium-technologyie ISIT which is the licensor for the cell technology, second licensor is Fraunhofer ISE for the system set-up

Facility of 1.400 sqrm for manufacturing and assembly

Automated lines for coating and cell manufacturing

Black Diamond Product launched in early 2013

Successful market introduction at Intersolar Munich 2013

Dispatch Energy

© Dispatch Energy Innovations GmbH WTSH DE-DÄ/28-11-2013/GN 2

© Dispatch Energy Innovations GmbH 3

Dispatch Energy‘s Product

Product: Modular, scalable storage

system without battery inverter based on Lithium ion technology

Application:

Optimization of self consumption in decentra-lized residential installations with energy generation from renewables

WTSH DE-DÄ/28-11-2013/GN

© Dispatch Energy Innovations GmbH

Dispatch Energy‘s in-house production depth: from cell to system

WTSH DE-DÄ/28-11-2013/GN 4

© Dispatch Energy Innovations GmbH 5 WTSH DE-DÄ/28-11-2013/GN

Cell technology: requirements


Oxidative Side Reactions

Reductive Side Reactions, Metallic Lithium Deposition

Electrolyte Stability Window

LixCoPO4

LixNiCoAlO2 LixCoO2 LixMnPO4 LixMn2O4 LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2

LiMetall Lix-Graphite LixSi6 LixCarbon

Po

ten

tial

vs

Li/L

i+

Electrode Materials

5 V

4 V

3 V

2 V

1 V

0 V

LixFePO4

Li4+xTi5O12

Cathode

Anode

Electrode Materials

olivine Crystall structure of cathode materials layer spinell

Electrochemical conditions of materials in Lithium ion cells


Parameter Cell Data

Energy content 37 Wh (20 Ah)

Charge-/Discharge-rate 1C/1C

Voltage 1,85 V

Temperature range -10°C … +50°C

Cycle stability @ 100% DoD > 7.000

Calender life up to 20 years

Stable to deep discharge

Highest intrinsic safety

Cell performance


Requirements to system electronics

Control functionality with respect to

- Current - Cell voltage, system voltage - Temperature - State-of-Charge (SoC) - State-of-Health (SoH)

Cell balancing on module level

Shut-down in case of critical conditions (e.g. short-circuit)

Providing a user and service interface

Communication with the external battery inverter

Recording of selected data (e.g. for guarantee issues)


Set-up of a 5 kWh system

15 modules

9 cells per module

5 strings

1 M-BMS per module

1 C-BMS per System

1 current sensor per string


M-BMS C-BMS

SoH

Passive cell balancing

Internal CAN-Bus communication

Cell voltage

Temperature

Communication interface with battery inverter (CAN-Bus based)

Safety shut-down

User interface (display driver)

Service access

SoC (Kalman-filter based algorithm)

Distribution of key tasks in the electronics


Cell voltage [V]

SoC [%]

Discharge

Charge

Flat charge/discharge curve in LFP/LTO cells

Pure measuring of cell voltage is no indicator for the SoC in this system!


Current sensors, 5 strings 20 A each

System voltage: 48 V

Max. current: 100 A

Cells and modules have to pass the transportation safety tests according to UN 38:3

System voltage is within the protective low voltage limit

Connection to the grid via the battery inverter => no grid integration regulations have to be considered

Due to intrinsic safe cell technology no cooling is required

In the service mode data from each individual cell are available

Safe communication to battery inverter has to be assured

Reliable contacts between cells and wiring

Low self consumption of the system electronics for high efficiency

System information

Module BMS


Smart Grid

Definition:

The concept of „Smart Grid“ includes the information technology based connection and control of electricity generation, storage systems, electricity consuming loads and components for grid operation in energy transmission as well as in distribution grids for electric power supply. This allows to control and optimize the connected components with the target of securing of power supply based on an efficient and reliable system operation.

What is possible?

In the low voltage grid the utilities in Germany are (currently) not allowed to access the inhouse grid beyond the point where the electricity meter is connected to the low voltage distribution grid. So, for the time being „Smart Grid“-operation is mainly restricted to inhouse solutions. But, decentralized storage systems in combination with PV, combined heat-power or heat pumps could contribute much more in a Smart Grid than optimization of self consumption.


Example: Set-up for HomeSolar System, AC coupling


Inhouse “Smart Grid” without interference of the utility: Home energy management

(local) weather weatherforecast via internet

Contemporary power generation forecast

Limitation of feeding power into the low voltage grid

Self-learning inhouse consumption profile logging

Consideration of the tariff at a time for obtaining electric power from the grid

Individual addressing of inhouse electricity consumers

… ?


Home energy management with interference option of the utility: Smart Grid

Supply of reactive power

Supply of negative balancing energy

Positive balancing power

Supporting island grids in case of grid break down

Virtual power plants

…


Summary

Smart grid are only realized on demonstration level so far

Storage systems should be prepared for upcoming smart grid demands

delivering precise status information and safety features

Storage systems are always connected to the grid via a battery charger (integrated or external) which may become the communcation gateway for Smart Grid applications

Reliable and robust power electronics and connections between components are a challenge, maybe even more than cell technology

Simplification of system architecture for cost reduction has to be adressed


European Commission „STALLION“ (Safety Testing Approaches for Large Lithium-Ion battery systems) Major project partners: ABB AG, KEMA, VDE, UMICORE NV


Safety regulations

Definition of safety regulations (IEC etc.) for large stationary Lithium-ion based storage systems will be a major challenge

So far most regulations are only addressing Lead-acid-type batteries


Contact: Dispatch Energy Innovations GmbH Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524 Itzehoe [email protected] http://www.dispatchenergy.de

Thank you for your attention

Questions?



Quelle: BSW

Quelle: BSW

Maximum feed- in into the grid

Charging until battery is fully charged

Peak production at noon time is fed into the grid

Self-consumption of stored PV-power

Conventional Storage: User‘s view:

maximum self consumption

Utility‘s view:

no load reduction in the grid

J

L

Grid Supporting Storage: User‘s view:

reduced self consumption may occur

Utility‘s view:

significant load reduction in the grid

J

L

Influence of decentralized PV and storage systems on the grid

Reduced feed-in increases grid capacity

Consumption of stored PV-power

Self-consumption reduces load peak in the evening

Reduced feed in into the grid

Charging when maximum power is produced


Energy storage good for the grid and self-consumption


Possible solution: no fixed value but dynamic limitation of feed-in

Dynamic alignment to:

local weatherforecast

day of the week

…

Realized by home energy manager

P

V-p

rod

uct

ion

Daytime

Storage + self consumption


Without storage With storage With storage With storage „conventional“ low limit for feed-in high limit for feed-in

Simulation results: Limitation of feed-in to 60% of maximum

peakpower

Additional installation of 66% PV-systems with battery storage system is possible

without local distribution grid extension

Fraunhofer ISE, Speicherstudie 2013


PV, storage system and local distribution grid capacity

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