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FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
By: Castillo Ayanna Jean D. Baustista Danica Ashley Montalbo, Florenz Prado, Kamille De tabali, Jessa Nicole Escueta, John Matthew Castro, Luis Ong, Evan Jay Elayda, Fox Lara, Karl Nicolo Beltran, Francis
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS ON NOT ONLY ONE BUT A COMBINATION OF MANY FACTORS.
REVIEW OF TERMS: DEVELOPMENT- the act or process of growing or causing
something to become larger or more advanced
GROWTH- is an increase in the size of the body as a whole or the size attained by specific parts of the body. It is a fundamental characteristic of all living organisms; A form of motion.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT- The pattern or movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan.
-Includes growth and decline
Nature can be loosely defined as genetic inheritance or the genetic makeup (the information encoded in your genes) which a person inherits from both parents at the time of conception and carries throughout life.
Several things in an individual are genetically inherited, ranging from gender, eye color, risks for certain diseases and exceptional talents to height. The concept of nature thus refers to biologically inherited tendencies and abilities that people have and which may get revealed later on as they grow up.
Nurture can be defined as the different environmental factors to which a person is subjected from birth to death. Environmental factors involve many dimensions. They include both physical environments (a good example is prenatal nutrition) and social environments (such as the neighborhood, media and peer pressure.) Also, environmental factors have different levels of impact on human development as they involve multiple layers of action, ranging from most immediate (families, friends, and neighborhoods) to bigger societal contexts (school systems and local governments) as well as macro factors such as politics on the international level or say global warming. These layers are also impacted by other factors outside them.
NATURE VS. NURTURE
2 MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT:1. GENETICS OR HEREDITARY FACTORS
2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
FAMILY GENDER
NUTRITIONFRIENDS
DISEASE/ ILLNESS
RACE
BEHAVIOR
CULTURE and SOCIETY
LIFESTYLE
PEER / SCHO
OL
1.GENETIC INHERITANCE/ HEREDITY: Heredity and genes certainly play an important role in the transmission of
physical and social characteristics from parents to off-springs. Different characteristics of growth and development like intelligence, aptitudes, body structure, height, weight, color of hair and eyes are highly influenced by heredity.
*THE FOLLOWING ARE AFFECTED BY OUR GENES:1. PHENOTYPE- observable characteristic and
trait.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF PARENTS-
influence height, weight, color, features, and body constitution of a human being.
3. RACE- show a relationship with varied cultural groups.
4. SEX/ gender – men and women differ in behavior and interest.
5 . G E N E T I C D I S O R D E R - T h i s i s b e c a u s e y o u m a y b e b o r n i n t o a f a m i l y w i t h a h i s t o r y o f s t r o k e o r c a n c e r t h a t y o u m a y d e v e l o p o r i n h e r i t . ( E x . H e m o p h i l i a , a l z h e i m e r ’ s d i s e a s e , a n e m i a , d i a b e t e s )6 . H O R M O N E S - H o r m o n e s s e c r e t e d b y e n d o c r i n e g l a n d s a r e c a p a b l e o f r a i s i n g o r l o w e r i n g t h e a c t i v i t y l e v e l o f t h e b o d y o r s o m e o r g a n s o f t h e b o d y . H o r m o n e s a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e a g r o w t h s u p p o r t i n g s u b s t a n c e .
EXAMPLES OF HORMONAL DISORDERS: I. Dwarfism. This is due
to deficiency in secretion of growth hormone during childhood. The individual will have a slow rate of growth. The person of 20 years age may look like a guy of 10 years.
II. Gigantism. In this disorders, there is excessive secretion of growth hormone. The body grows at faster rate than normal.
(*Sultan Kösen, from Turkey, who is 8’9″, recently met with the world’s smallest man, Chandra Bahadur Dangi, from Nepal)
III. Baldness - can refer to general hair loss or androgenic alopecia (male patternbaldness). Some types of baldness can be caused by alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:
Environmental influences on human physical growth and development has focused on the influences of social and economic factors; family and household characteristics; urbanization/modernization; nutrition; and features of the physical environment such as altitude, temperature and climate. Continuing in this tradition are current investigations into the roles of pollutants and other aspects of the human-made environment in affecting patterns of human growth and development, specifically the timing of sexual maturation and the development of obesity.
*THE FOLLOWING ARE AFFECTED BY OUR ENVIRONMENT:1. PRE-NATAL ENVIRONMENT-The growth that
happens during the nine months of prenatal development is nothing short of astonishing, but this period is also a time of great vulnerability. ; NO SMOKING, ALCHOLOL ANG INTAKE OF CERTAIN DRUGS.
2. POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENT- determine the pace and pattern of
growth and development3. CULTURE AND SOCIETY- influences the way we dress, diet And relationship we form. It also includes are beliefs or religion beliefs. ; depends on community where you belong
Click on the globe to start
4. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT - The first environment, the child moves in, is his home. Here the child comes in contact with his parents and other family member his likes, dislikes, stereotypes about people, expectancies of security and emotional responses all are shaped in early childhood.
The type of training and early childhood experiences received from the family play an important role in the development of personality.
5. SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT School play an important role in molding the personality of a child
because a significant part of a child's life is spent in school. In school a child comes in contact with his teachers whose personality may influence them. Concepts, theories, good values and manners are taught in school.
6. PEER GROUPS ENVIRONMENTWhen a child socialize with other individuals of his or her age, he/she
learns the ways, values and manners of these individuals. The people in which we are closest to often shape who we are because personality will be influenced and modified through his/her interaction with peers. Keeping company with people who add value to our lives, will go a long way to building the personality that truly works for you in your work, family and social life.
7. NUTRITION
Growth of children from PEM, anemia and vitamin deficiency status is retarded. Over eating and obesity accelerates somatic growth.
8. CLIMATE
Velocity of growth may alter in different season (usually higher in spring and low in summer months.
Infections and infestations are common in hot and humid climates.
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9. TRAUMA
Fracture of the end of the bone damages the growth epiphysis and thus hampers the skeletal growth.