FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2015-2016 FALL SEMESTER ASSOC.PROF.DR....

FACULTY OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2015-2016 FALL SEMESTER

ASSOC.PROF.DR. İBRAHİM YİTMEN

CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

CONSTRUCTION

• Engineering and construction

are a unique combination of

specific need and specific

design in a process that yields

an engineered work.

• Civilizations are built by

construction efforts.

2CIVL 493 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

CONSTRUCTION

• Civil Engineers

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• Military Engineers


STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

• Building ConstructionFacilities commonly built for habitational, institutional, educational, light industrial (e.g. warehousing), commercial, social and recreational purposes.

• Heavy ConstructionHighway construction, sewage plants, utility projects, dams, pipelines, airports and waterways.

• Industrial ConstructionManufacturing and production units. In some cases, specialty firms perform both design and construction under a single contract for the owner/client.


SKYSCRAPERS


AIRPORTS

• Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Phoenix, AZ


HIGHWAYS

• Dwight D. Eisenhower Interstate Highway

System (1956)


INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS



• 1920’s industrial buildings were being constructed

with skeleton framing and curtain walls



• Concrete building systems have also been developed. • cast-in-place

• precast


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WHAT IS A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT?

• A construction project consists of a series of tasks that have the following characteristics:

• Specific start and end dates;• Defined scope and objectives;• Budget and schedule;• Unique and non-repetitive (particular mega

projects);• Consumes resources (e.g. money, materials,

people (manpower), equipment (machines) and time (minutes).


PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Project Management is the overall planning,

control and coordination of a project from

inception to completion aimed at meeting the

client’s requirements and ensuring completion on

time, within cost and to the required quality

standards.


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PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Schedule

QualityBudget

ProjectManagement


Time

Fund

ENDPRODUCT

Material

GOALS

Labor

Equipment

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Ø PlanningØ Executing Ø Controling

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ELEMENTS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT


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PLANNING

• Set objectives• Survey

resources· Form strategy

CONTROLLING

• Measure achievements against goals

• Report

· Resolve problems

EXECUTING

• Allocating resources

· Guide execution· Co-ordinate effort· Motivate staff

MANAGERIAL CYCLE


PLANNING

a) The first task of planning is to establish the objectives to be achieved in a project.

The following is a list of possible objectives:

successful completion of a project; this means on time within budget in compliance with contract documents and specifications.

improved productivity improved or new construction technology improved public relations improved/changed company image

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PLANNING (CONTINUED)

b. Once the objectives are established, a plan must be developed aimed at meeting these objectives.

There are many methods and techniques for the planning and scheduling in use: Bar chart Network (CPM) Line of balance

And there are also many package programmes such as Microsoft Project, Primavera etc.

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EXECUTINGAllocating resources: After the plan is developed,

necessary resources have to be provided and allocated to this plan.

Allocation of resources to a plan is another important function of management.

Let us review these resources briefly (5 M’s): Minute (Time)

Money (Cost)

Manpower: managers, staff, labourers

Materials: should be supplied on time in sufficient quantities and quality, in compliance with specifications.

Machinery: plant, equipment 18


EXECUTING (CONTINUED)

• It is the allocation of resources that makes a

construction plan into a construction schedule

and that gets the work to be executed and

completed according to the plan.

• Once the resources are brought to the site, then

guide execution, co ordinate effort, and

motivating the staff become key to successful

completion of the plan.19


CONTROLINGA project control system has to be established to achieve:Time control

Cost control

Quality control

Safety control

Good management enables to run the construction operations successfully and it also enables management to detect deviations from the original plan. Reports

Resolve problems20


Initiating Processes

Initiating Processes

Closing Processes

Closing Processes

Executing Processes

Executing Processes

Planning Processes

Planning Processes

Controlling Processes

Controlling Processes

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PARTIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

a. Client (owner)

b. The users

c. The designers

d. The executers

e. Public authorities and agencies

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a. Client

The word is used for the organisation which needs the end product and has the authority (and the money) to order and approve it. Individual

Organisation

Government

b. The users

They are the people who must operate and maintain the facilities which have been provided.

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c. The designers

These are the architects and specialists responsible for translating the client's requirements into reality. The designing team is composed of: Architects,

Structural engineers in the design of the structure,

Draughtsmen to produce working drawings from the sketches,

Electrical engineers in the design of power and lighting supplies

Civil engineers in the design of access roads, earthworks, etc.

Quantity surveyors in the preparation of estimates and tender documents.

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d. The executors

These are the people who undertake the physical construction, who in many cases will be private contractors.

e. Public authorities and agencies

All buildings must fulfil statutory requirements regarding construction permissions, standards and safety.

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STAGES AND ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION

A construction project includes five stages from the time when the decision is made to implement the construction project until the project becomes a reality.

The stages of a construction project are:i. Briefing ii. Designing iii. Tendering iv. Constructing v. Commissioning

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a) Purpose:

To enable the client to specify project functions and permissible costs.

b) Activities:i. Set up a work plan and appoint designers and

specialists

ii. Consider user requirements, locations and site

conditions, planning, designing, estimated costs,

quality requirements.

iii. Ensure the preparation of:Sketches at scale of 1/10, 1/1000, 1/3500

Cost estimates and implications

A plan for implementation27

Briefing Stage


c) Participants: Architect,

Civil Engineer,

Structural Engineer,

Electrical Engineer,

Mechanical Engineer.

The link between them is often provided by a project management team created for the duration of the project.

The team is normally headed by a project manager, who is responsible to the client for the execution of the project.

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Briefing Stage (continued)


a) Purpose:To complete the project brief and determine the

design, methods of construction and estimate costs.

To prepare the necessary production information, including working drawings and specifications and to complete all arrangements for obtaining tenders.

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Designing Stage


b) Activities:

Activities at this stage include:

i. Finalizing project,

ii. Investigating technical problems,

iii. Obtaining the clients final approval,

iv. Preparing:A scheme design including cost estimates,

A detail design,

Working drawings, specifications and schedules,

Bill of quantities,

A final cost estimate,

Preliminary production programme, including time-schedule.30

Designing Stage (continued)


c) Participants:

Depending on the nature and the complexity of the project, the design team should include the following:

Project manager,Architect (buildings),Quantity surveyor,Civil, structural, mechanical and electrical engineers,Some specialists such as health and safety officials,

organisational planners etc.User representative.

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Designing Stage (continued)


a) Purpose:

To find the proper contractor to undertake the site construction works.

b) Activities: Call for tendering (newspaper, TV)

Establish a committee to adjust the tender

As a project manager, you will provide all data to the client and let select the contractor.

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Tendering Stage


c) Participants:

In the case of government projects, the project management team may be expected to give technical support by:

i. Providing the necessary contract documents,

ii. Providing a basis for pre-qualification of tenderers,

iii. Checking that the tenders are arithmetically correct and conform to tender requirements.

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Tendering Stage (continued)


a) Purpose:To construct the structure within agreed limits of cost and time and to specified quality.

b) Activities:To plan, co-ordinate and control site operations. Production planning includes the formulation of:

i. Time-schedules,

ii. Site organisation,

iii. A manpower plan ,

iv. A plant and equipment plan,

v. A material delivery plan.

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Construction Stage


Site operations include: All temporary and permanent construction works and the supply of

all built-in furniture and equipment.

The co-ordination of subcontractors.

c) Participants: Site engineers

Workers

Normally, direct responsibility rests with the contractor.

The project manager and his team must arrange for adequate supervision of the work to ensure requirements.

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Construction Stage (continued)


a) Purpose: To ensure that the building (structure) has been completed as

specified in the contract documents, and that all the facilities work properly.

To provide a record of the actual construction, its cost, together with operating instructions.

To train staff in the use of the facilities provided.

b) Records:During construction, difficulties may arise which result in changes to the original design.

Records of these changes will be kept during construction, mainly for financial reasons.

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Commissioning Stage


c) Activities: Prepare “as-built" records, Inspect the construction thoroughly and have defects

remedied, Start up, test and adjust all services, Prepare operating instructions and maintenance manuals, Train staff,The commissioning stage is the transition period between the construction and the occupation and use of the building (structure).

d) Participants: Project management team, Operating staff.

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Commissioning Stage (continued)


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