Fardh Ain#8 Qadha Wal Qadar Arkaanul Iiman[Slideshare]

ARKAANUL-IIMANARKAANUL-IIMAN ::“BELIEVE IN THE DECREE “BELIEVE IN THE DECREE

AND FORE KNOWLEDGE OF AND FORE KNOWLEDGE OF ALLAH” ALLAH”

FARDHU’AIN: CONDUCTED BYFARDHU’AIN: CONDUCTED BYUSTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAILUSTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAIL

LESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK LESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK

““Beginners’ Manual on IslamBeginners’ Manual on Islam””

Presentation by: Presentation by: Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

(PERGAS)(PERGAS)1

�ع�ال�ى ه� ت ه� م�ن� الل ر� �ر�ه� و� ش� ي �ق�د�ر� خ� �ع�ال�ىال ه� ت ه� م�ن� الل ر� �ر�ه� و� ش� ي �ق�د�ر� خ� ال““(Believe in) the Decree, be it good or bad, are from Allah Most Exalted”(Believe in) the Decree, be it good or bad, are from Allah Most Exalted”

AllRightsReserved©ZhulkefleeHjIsmail2009

No calamity befalls save by Allah's leave (permission). And whosoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart. And Allah is Knower of all things. Obey Allah and obey His messenger; but if ye turn away, then the duty of Our messenger is only to convey (the message) plainly. Allah! There is no God save Him. In Allah, therefore, let believers put their trust.

(Qur’an: Taghabun: 64: 11-13)

MESSAGE OF THE QUR’ANMESSAGE OF THE QUR’AN


ALLAH’S KNOWLEDGE ALLAH’S KNOWLEDGE AND POWER ENCOMPASS AND POWER ENCOMPASS

ALLALL


“ “ Allah! There is no God save Him, the Alive, the Allah! There is no God save Him, the Alive, the Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him. Unto Him belongs whatsoever is in the Him. Unto Him belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. Who heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. Who is he that intercedes with Him save by His is he that intercedes with Him save by His leave? He knows that which is in front of leave? He knows that which is in front of them and that which is behind them, while them and that which is behind them, while they encompass nothing of His knowledge they encompass nothing of His knowledge save what He will. His throne includes the save what He will. His throne includes the heavens and the earth, and He is never weary heavens and the earth, and He is never weary of preserving them. He is the Sublime, the of preserving them. He is the Sublime, the Tremendous.”Tremendous.”

(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 255)



MAN’S LIMITED KNOWLEDGE MAN’S LIMITED KNOWLEDGE AND RESPONSIBILITYAND RESPONSIBILITY


MAN’S LIMITED KNOWLEDGE AND RESPONSIBILITYMAN’S LIMITED KNOWLEDGE AND RESPONSIBILITY

• Man’s knowledge is only regarding what has happened or is happening.

• He cannot claim (on his own) to know the future – as to what will occur, or what his fate will be.

• Yet, he knows things do occur according to certain laws of cause and effect (sunna-tullaah). And that Allah has given him free-will to participate in determining his destiny.

• This free-will is termed, “ikhtiyar”

6AllRightsReserved©ZhulkefleeHjIsmail2009

















• This free-will is termed, “ikhtiyar”


• What is “ikhtiyar” ت�ي�ار ت�ي�ارإ�خ� ? إ�خ�It is derived from the root word “khayr” ي�ر خ�

meaning “good” and “akhyar” ي�ار - أ�خ�“better”




meaning “good” and “akhyar” ي�ار - أ�خ�“better”

Therefore the freedom given to man to determine for themselves their destiny, is only in choosing to do good. Although he may abuse this privilege and if he chose to do bad, he is said to have committed “zulm” .to himself (injustice) ظ#ل�م



• What is “ikhtiyar” ت�ي�ار ت�ي�ارإ�خ� ? إ�خ�It is derived from the root word “khayr” ي�ر meaning خ�

“good” and “akhyar” ي�ار ”better“ - أ�خ�Therefore the freedom given to man to determine for

themselves their destiny, is only in choosing to do good. Although he may abuse this privilege and if he chose to do bad, he is said to have committed “zulm” ظ#ل�م (injustice) to himself.

Thus, man is to be responsible for his Thus, man is to be responsible for his choices in his life as well as face choices in his life as well as face consequences for his neglect and abuse.consequences for his neglect and abuse.




meaning “good” and “akhyar” ي�ار ”better“ - أ�خ�Therefore the freedom given to man to determine

for themselves their destiny, is only in choosing to do good. Although he may abuse this privilege and if he chose to do bad, he is said to have committed “zulm” ظ#ل�م (injustice) to himself.

Thus, man is to be responsible for his choices in his life as well as his neglect.


ALTHOUGH MAN’S CHOICE AND ABILITY TO DO ALTHOUGH MAN’S CHOICE AND ABILITY TO DO WHATEVER ACTION IS WITH ALLAH’S WILL OR WHATEVER ACTION IS WITH ALLAH’S WILL OR

PERMISSION (PERMISSION (MA-SHI’AMA-SHI’A), YET MAN’S CHOICE TO ), YET MAN’S CHOICE TO ABUSE AND COMMIT WRONG IS NOT WITH ABUSE AND COMMIT WRONG IS NOT WITH

ALLAH’S APPROVAL (ALLAH’S APPROVAL (LAM YARDHALAM YARDHA))

PERMISSION DOES NOT EQUAL APPROVAL.PERMISSION DOES NOT EQUAL APPROVAL.


�ه� �ل �ح�م�د1 ل � الله� و�ال م �س� �ه� ب �ل �ح�م�د1 ل � الله� و�ال م �س� بة� الله� ـ� �ئ ي �م�ش� ـر; ب �ر1 و�الش� ي �خ� ة� الله�و�ال ـ� �ئ ي �م�ش� ـر; ب �ر1 و�الش� ي �خ� و�ال

BIS-MIL-LAAHI- WAL-BIS-MIL-LAAHI- WAL-HHAM-DU-LIL-LAAHI, AM-DU-LIL-LAAHI, WAL-KHAY-RU- WASH-SHAR-RU WAL-KHAY-RU- WASH-SHAR-RU

BI-MA-SHI-ATIL-LAAH BI-MA-SHI-ATIL-LAAH In the Name of Allah, Praise be to Allah, In the Name of Allah, Praise be to Allah,

Good and evil are by the Will (can Good and evil are by the Will (can happen only by permission) of Allah.happen only by permission) of Allah.

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THUS IN “RATIB AL-HADDAD”, WE RECITE THIS WIRDTHUS IN “RATIB AL-HADDAD”, WE RECITE THIS WIRD


ALL THESE ARE FOR ALL THESE ARE FOR MANKIND TO BE MANKIND TO BE

TESTEDTESTED


ALL THESE ARE FOR ALL THESE ARE FOR MANKIND TO BE MANKIND TO BE

TESTEDTESTED

WHETHER:WHETHER:

““SHUKUR” OR “KUFUR”SHUKUR” OR “KUFUR”

GRATEFUL OR UNGRATEFULGRATEFUL OR UNGRATEFUL


“ “ Verily! We create man from a drop of mingled sperm, in order to test him; so We gave him (gifts of) hearing, sight. Verily! We have shown him the Way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful i.e. disbelieving (rests on his will).”

(Qur’an: Al-Insan:76: 2-3)



““Verily, Allah does not change men’s Verily, Allah does not change men’s condition unless they change their condition unless they change their inner selves;”inner selves;”

(Qur’an: Ra’ad : 13:11)(Qur’an: Ra’ad : 13:11)



““This, because Allah would never This, because Allah would never change the blessings with which He change the blessings with which He has graced a people unless they has graced a people unless they change their inner selves: and change their inner selves: and [know] that Allah is all-Hearing, all-[know] that Allah is all-Hearing, all-Seeing.”Seeing.”

(Qur’an: Al- Anfal : 8:53)(Qur’an: Al- Anfal : 8:53)



POINTS TO PONDER:POINTS TO PONDER:• Can we change our future?


POINTS TO PONDER:POINTS TO PONDER:• Can we change our future? Before attempting to answer, note

that this is an assumption (guessing) - as though we already know the outcome of our future.




• Do we, for certain, know our future?




• Do we, for certain, know our future?• How can we change something when

we do not even know with absolute certainty that this thing will occur?


POINTS TO PONDER:POINTS TO PONDER:• The correct statement is: “Can we

change our current condition, to ensure a better future in our destiny?”




• Of course we can, because Allah has allowed us (nay, expects us) to continue to change for the better, to improve.




• Of course we can, because Allah has allowed us (nay, expects us) to continue to change for the better, to improve.

• Allah will assist the change, but He will not change your condition unless you begin to change it (ikhtiyar) in yourself.


WHY THE TEST FOR WHY THE TEST FOR MAN?MAN?


“ “Do men think that on their [mere] Do men think that on their [mere] saying, ‘We believe,’ they will be left to saying, ‘We believe,’ they will be left to themselves, and will not be put to a themselves, and will not be put to a test? Yea, indeed, we did test those test? Yea, indeed, we did test those who lived before them; and so too, who lived before them; and so too, [shall be tested those Muslims who is [shall be tested those Muslims who is now living and] most certainly will He now living and] most certainly will He mark out those who prove themselves mark out those who prove themselves true, and most certainly will He mark true, and most certainly will He mark out those who are lying.”out those who are lying.”

(Qur’an: al- Ankabut: 29: 2-3)(Qur’an: al- Ankabut: 29: 2-3)



WHY THE TEST FOR MAN?WHY THE TEST FOR MAN?

• To believe in Allah s.w.t. cannot be by mere claim. It requires proof through tests, because believers would be rewarded with honour and exaltation.



• To believe in Allah s.w.t. cannot be by mere claim. It requires proof through tests, because believers would be rewarded with honour and exaltation.

• To be tested means that man is given the potential to be capable for both success as well as failure. He must not be compelled but must have the free-will and choice.



• Justice dictates that with possibility to be rewarded with honour and exaltation, there is equally the possibility of dishonour and debasement.




• Man can either choose to believe or to reject; to submit or to rebel; to be grateful or be ungrateful. Such is the nature of test or trial.




• Man can either choose to believe or to reject; to submit or to rebel; to be grateful or be ungrateful. Such is the nature of test or trial.

• Thus there is the promise of Paradise, as there is the warning of Hell.


HOW TO FACE THE HOW TO FACE THE TEST OR TRIAL OF THIS TEST OR TRIAL OF THIS

LIFELIFE


HOW TO FACE THE TEST OR TRIAL OF HOW TO FACE THE TEST OR TRIAL OF THIS LIFETHIS LIFE

ا � اك �م�ا ش� ��إ رWHETHER GRATEFUL

• ‘GOOD’• HEALTH• WEALTH• HAPPINESS• STRENGTH• ACCEPTANCE

ا �ف1ور@ �م�ا ك و�إOR UNGRATEFUL

• ‘BAD’• SICKNESS• POVERTY• SADNESS• WEAKNESS• REJECTION

36

THUS LIFE CONTAINS OPPOSITES – SO THAT THERE CAN BE APPRECIATIONTHUS LIFE CONTAINS OPPOSITES – SO THAT THERE CAN BE APPRECIATION


37

“ “Among the believers are men who have Among the believers are men who have [always] been true to what they have vowed [always] been true to what they have vowed before Allah: Of them some have fulfilled their before Allah: Of them some have fulfilled their obligations (with their lives), and some of them obligations (with their lives), and some of them are still waiting (for its fulfillment) without are still waiting (for its fulfillment) without having changed [their resolve] in the least.”having changed [their resolve] in the least.”

(Qur’an: al-Ahzab: 33: 23)(Qur’an: al-Ahzab: 33: 23)


EVEN WHEN FACING EVEN WHEN FACING ADVERSITYADVERSITY AND AND CALAMITYCALAMITY,,THE TEST IS WHETHER WE HAVE THE TEST IS WHETHER WE HAVE صب1رصب1ر PATIENCE PATIENCE

FOREBEARANCE - REMAIN FOREBEARANCE - REMAIN رضىرضى CONTENTED AND FAITHFUL CONTENTED AND FAITHFUL TO EVERY ALLAH’S DECREE UPON US ON THIS EARTHTO EVERY ALLAH’S DECREE UPON US ON THIS EARTH

“ “ And there is not a thing but with Us are the stores thereof. And we send it not down save in appointed measure.”

(Qur’an: al-Hijr:15: 21)



“ “ And whosoever who is conscious of Allah (Taqwa), He (Allah) will appoint a way out for him (from every unhappiness), and will provide for him in a manner beyond all expectations. And whosoever puts his trust in Allah, He (alone) will suffice him. Verily! Allah brings His command to pass. Allah hath set appointed (term and) measure for all things.”

(Qur’an: Talaq: 65: 2-3)



Believe in “Qadha’ wal Qadr” is Believe in “Qadha’ wal Qadr” is not a fatalistic concept.not a fatalistic concept.

• We cannot claim to know the knowledge that is with Allah unless He reveals it to us.




• Thus for us in life, with time, things will gradually occur. This is what we may understand “Qadha’” to mean : the unveiling or the revealing of Allah’s executing His fore-knowledge (Decree) to us.




• Thus for us in life, with time, things will gradually occur. This is what we may understand “Qadha’” to mean : the unveiling or the revealing of Allah’s executing His fore-knowledge (Decree) to us.

• Only when it has occurred do we say “this is in accordance with the Eternal pre-existing knowledge of Allah (Qadr)”. Before it has happened we cannot say something is already predestined - to do so would be only mere speculation.



• And Allah’s knowledge includes the cause and effect of how things occur. And in this ‘cause and effect’ lies our responsibility, because there are free-will which we are given to exercise therein.




• Allah will not hold us responsible for causes which are beyond our control. Yet, these other causes may effect our life and destiny.




• Allah will not hold us responsible for causes which are beyond our control. Yet, these other causes may effect our life and destiny.

• Thus, even if we have done our best exercising “ikhtiyar”, yet what is destined to occur may not always be pleasant and good.



• Therefore, it is foolish to say: “Well if things is going to happen according to what Allah has fixed, so ‘que sera sera!’ what will be will be” and you chose to do nothing. (Jabariyah)



• Therefore, it is foolish to say: “Well if things is going to happen according to what Allah has fixed, so ‘que sera sera!’ what will be will be” and you chose to do nothing. (Jabariyah)

• Also, it is foolish to expect that after you have put in every effort, things will occur exactly as you hope, as though other factors beyond your control cannot affect your life! (Qodariyah)




SUMMARY SUMMARY BELIEVE IN BELIEVE IN QADHA’QADHA’ AND AND QADRQADR REQUIRES REQUIRES US TO ACCEPT THAT MANKIND IS :US TO ACCEPT THAT MANKIND IS :

[1] NEITHER [1] NEITHER FULLY COMPELLED FULLY COMPELLED





[2] NOR DOES HE HAS THE [2] NOR DOES HE HAS THE ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTE FREEDOMFREEDOM. .





[2] NOR DOES HE HAS THE [2] NOR DOES HE HAS THE ABSOLUTE ABSOLUTE FREEDOMFREEDOM. .

ITS REALITY IS TO BE FOUND BETWEEN ITS REALITY IS TO BE FOUND BETWEEN THESE TWO EXTREMES.THESE TWO EXTREMES.

EFFECT OF THOSE WHO BELIEVE IN

QADHA’ AND QADR


BELIEVING IN QADHA’ & QADAR OF ALLAH, BELIEVING IN QADHA’ & QADAR OF ALLAH, INCULCATES VIRTUES IN MUSLIMSINCULCATES VIRTUES IN MUSLIMS

• SwOBR SwOBR ب�ر ص� (PATIENT PERSERVERANCE)(PATIENT PERSERVERANCE)• ““SwobrSwobr” – ‘patience perseverance’; if instilled in us ” – ‘patience perseverance’; if instilled in us

then whatever the outcome in life’s trial & then whatever the outcome in life’s trial & tribulation would not deter nor cause us to loose tribulation would not deter nor cause us to loose hope. There would always be positive optimism, hope. There would always be positive optimism, ever determined, knowing that Allah knows all that ever determined, knowing that Allah knows all that we are going through and:we are going through and:

““Allah is with the patiently persevering ones” Allah is with the patiently persevering ones” - (Q: - (Q: Baqarah:2:159)Baqarah:2:159)


WHAT DOES BELIEVING IN QADHA’ & QADAR WHAT DOES BELIEVING IN QADHA’ & QADAR OF ALLAH, INCULCATES IN MUSLIMSOF ALLAH, INCULCATES IN MUSLIMS

• SHAJA’AH SHAJA’AH اع�ة ج� ش� (COURAGE)(COURAGE)• Knowing that when Allah s.w.t. permits something Knowing that when Allah s.w.t. permits something

to happen, only then can it happen. If He does not to happen, only then can it happen. If He does not permit it, then it can never happen.permit it, then it can never happen.

• Thus the actual future outcome rests only with Thus the actual future outcome rests only with Allah, although we may speculate with our Allah, although we may speculate with our knowledge of cause and effect. Yet, our knowledge knowledge of cause and effect. Yet, our knowledge is limited – whereas Allah’s knowledge encompass is limited – whereas Allah’s knowledge encompass all. This instils in us courage to face the future.all. This instils in us courage to face the future.



• TAWAKKUL TAWAKKUL لLلت�و�كLت�و�ك

(TRUST)(TRUST)• Believe in Believe in QadhaQadha’ & ’ & QadrQadr requires a Muslim to requires a Muslim to

place trust completely in Allah (after exhausting all place trust completely in Allah (after exhausting all resolve and resolve and ikhtiyarikhtiyar). Trust in Allah make us ). Trust in Allah make us deserving of his Love:deserving of his Love:

“ “Then when thou hast taken a decision, put thy Then when thou hast taken a decision, put thy trust in Allah. For Allah loves those who put their trust in Allah. For Allah loves those who put their trust (in Him).” trust (in Him).” (Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 159)(Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 159)



• HUSNUZ-DZON HUSNUZ-DZON الظ�ن� ن# الظ�ن� ح#س� ن# ح#س� (GOOD OPINION TOWARDS ALLAH)(GOOD OPINION TOWARDS ALLAH) Having only good opinion of Allah marks a true Having only good opinion of Allah marks a true

Believer. Thus the ‘good and the bad’ are seen only Believer. Thus the ‘good and the bad’ are seen only as a temporary gifts or affliction – decided by One as a temporary gifts or affliction – decided by One Who is Compassionate, Merciful and Wise.Who is Compassionate, Merciful and Wise.



• HUSNUZ-DZON HUSNUZ-DZON الظ�ن� ن# الظ�ن� ح#س� ن# ح#س� (GOOD OPINION TOWARDS ALLAH)(GOOD OPINION TOWARDS ALLAH) Those who holds to “good opinion of Allah and Those who holds to “good opinion of Allah and

His Decree”, develops their His Decree”, develops their NafsNafs (Soul) to become (Soul) to become Tranquil (Tranquil (mutwma-’in-nahmutwma-’in-nah). Thus Allah says :). Thus Allah says :

"O (thou) soul, in (complete) rest and satisfaction! "Come back thou to thy Lord well pleased (thyself), and well-pleasing unto Him! "Enter thou, then among my Devotees! "Yea, enter thou my Heaven"!

(Qur’an: Fajr: 89: 27-30)56


““STORY OF BAHLUL AND STORY OF BAHLUL AND THE RATIONALIST”THE RATIONALIST”

•“Things that we cannot see (ghayb) don’t exist!”

•“Fire will not effect (hurt) another fire!”

•“If God already knows that I’m going to be bad, why blame me!”


OUR DU’A

(Supplicate & Pray): "Our Lord! condemn us not if we

forget or fall into error; our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which Thou didst lay on those before us; Our Lord! lay not on us a burden greater than we have strength to bear. Blot out our sins and grant us forgiveness. Have mercy on us. Thou art our Protector; help us against those who stand against faith."

(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 286)


OUR DU’A

�ه1 �ا م1ح�م�د@ا ص�ل�ى الل �ه1 ع�ن ى الل �ه1 ج�ز� �ا م1ح�م�د@ا ص�ل�ى الل �ه1 ع�ن ى الل ج�ز�1ه1 ه�ل

� �م� م�اه1و� أ ل �ه� و�س� �ه� و�آل �ي 1ه1ع�ل ه�ل� �م� م�اه1و� أ ل �ه� و�س� �ه� و�آل �ي ع�ل

“(May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad, salutations of Allah and Peace be upon him and his family, in accordance with what he deserves (in

Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”


OUR DU’A

”Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! (He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)! And Peace on the Messengers! And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”

(Qur’an : Saffat: 37 : 180-182)


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1ه �ات ك �ر� و�ب ه� ح�م�ة1الل و�ر� 1م �ك �ي ع�ل 1ه الس�الم1 �ات ك �ر� و�ب ه� ح�م�ة1الل و�ر� 1م �ك �ي ع�ل الس�الم1All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:


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Fardh Ain#8 Qadha Wal Qadar Arkaanul Iiman[Slideshare]

Education