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FCAT Science Vocabulary
Valerie Ledford Moss Park Elementary
June 2007
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Life cycle- The circular path that life takes from being born to dying
• Protist- A single cellular organism that is the base of the food chain in an aquatic biome
• Organism- A living thing
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Photosynthesis- The process where green plants use carbon dioxide (which humans breathe out) to produce sugars as food and oxygen as a by product (which humans breathe in)
The process….CO2 + sunlight + nutrients from soil = sugar + oxygen
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Ecosystem- An area with specific climate and environmental factors to have a specific set of organisms that live there
• Population- A specific group of organisms living in one area at one time
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Food Chain- A simple version of what eats what in an ecosystem- this is a transfer of energy to the organism that the arrow is pointing to
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Food Web- A web that shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem by showing what organism eats what
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Energy Pyramid- A pyramid that represents the amount of energy at each level of a food chain
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Predator- An animal that hunts and kills food
• Prey- An animal that is hunted
• Carnivore- An animal that kills and eats meat
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Herbivore- An organism that only eats plant matter
• Omnivore- An organism
that eats both meat and plant matter
Ecosystem Vocabulary • Producer- A green plant that
produces food through photosynthesis
• Consumer- An organism that eats another organism for food (everything but green plants)
• Decomposer- An organism that gets energy by breaking down dead or decaying matter and returning the nutrients to the soil
Ecosystem Vocabulary
• Structural Adaptation- A physical trait of an animal that helps them survive (like wings or sharp teeth)
• Behavioral Adaptation- A behavior that helps the animal survive (like flying south for the winter to escape bad weather)
Earth Vocabulary • Water Cycle- The cycle of water from precipitation,
evaporation, and condensation and back again
• Precipitation- Liquid coming from the clouds in rain, snow, sleet, etc.
• Condensation- When liquid begins to collect together in clouds and changes from a gas to a liquid again
• Evaporation- The upward movement of liquid as it turns to gas
Earth Vocabulary
Earth Vocabulary
• Pollution- Placing unnatural materials in an area and affecting the populations in the area
• Conservation- Saving natural resources
Earth Vocabulary
• Igneous Rock- Rock made by cooled magma from volcanic lava
• Sedimentary Rock- Rock made by layers of rock
• Metamorphic Rock- Another type of rock turned into a metamorphic rock by extreme heat and pressure
Earth Vocabulary
• Erosion- The process where water wears away at rock and carries it to another area
• Deposition- The process where the eroded material is deposited
• Weathering – The process where wind, water, chemicals, etc. break down rock but does not move it
Earth Vocabulary
• Volcano- An earth process where lava seeps up from inside the earth and shoots out of an area of built up rock
• Earthquake- A process where the plates on the earth’s surface slide against one another producing movement on land or water
Physical Science Vocabulary
• Matter- Anything that takes up space
• Element- The basic building blocks of matter
• Atom- Smallest piece of an element that has the same properties as the element
Physical Science Vocabulary
• Density- How tightly packed molecules are in matter
• Mass- The amount of space an object takes up; Is often determined by weighting the object, however, weight requires taking gravity into account
• Volume- The amount of space within an object
Physical Science Vocabulary
• Compound- Formed of multiple elements and cannot be separated simply
• Mixture- Matter gets mixed together but can be separated (ex. cereal)
• Solution- A liquid mixture
Physical Science Vocabulary
• Physical Change- When a change happens to matter that changes the way it looks but keeps it the same matter (cutting a cake )
• Chemical Change- This type of change changes the matter (baking a cake- the ingredients mix to form a new substance)
Force and Motion Vocabulary
• Force- A push or pull that creates movement
• Gravity- A force that the Earth exerts that pulls things toward the Earth
• Friction- A force caused by rubbing; it transforms movement into heat energy
• Inertia- The tendency of any object to resist motion
Force and Motion Vocabulary
Force and Motion Vocabulary
• Wheel and Axle- Made of a circular object and a bar that reduces the force required to do work
• Inclined Plane- Basically a ramp
Energy Vocabulary
• Energy- The ability to do work or cause a change in motion
• Kinetic Energy- Energy of motion; An object has this if it is moving
• Potential Energy- Energy stored in an object because of position or a spring
Energy Vocabulary • Energy Transfer- The change from one form of
energy to another (ex. transferring the chemical energy in a battery to light energy when you turn on the flashlight)
• Change of State- Adding or removing heat energy to change an object from a solid to a liquid , a gas to a liquid, a liquid to a solid, etc.
• Heat Energy- The amount of movement in an object’s molecules
Energy Vocabulary
• Chemical Energy- Energy stored in the bonds of molecules; Can be released by digestion or adding heat
• Mechanical Energy- Energy of motion
Space Vocabulary
• Galaxy- A huge system of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity (We are in the Milky Way galaxy)
• Solar System- A part of a galaxy
Space Vocabulary
• Moon- Something that orbits a planet
• Moon Phase- Is the way the moon looks to us based upon its relationship to the sun and Earth
Space Vocabulary• Star- A big ball of gas (The sun is
a star)
• Equator- An invisible line that divides the Earth into two sections (hemispheres)
• Axis- The invisible line around which the Earth spins
• Orbit- The path a planet or moon takes around another object like the sun
Seasons