Fifth Framework Program

AWAST final meeting - Brussels - 1-3 december 2003

Aid in the management and European comparisonof Municipal Solid WASte Treatment methods

for a global and sustainable approach

Use of the simulator

Fifth Framework Program

University of Stuttgart


AWAST general context

The MSW management is a major problem for the local communities of the EU.

The current situation:

Lack of methodologies and softwares to: Define,

Evaluate,

Optimise or adapt

waste treatment decisions and to Meet

the EC level progress targets.

The need: Tools for modelling the effect of reduction, re-use or treatment of

waste on the GLOBAL evaluation on MSW management.


AWAST objective

Supplying a simulation tool to help in:

The choice of suitable MSW treatment methods.

The optimised management of processing (assessment, control, analysis of the existing situation).

The optimisation of the installations.

Through studying three European local communities:

Compare approaches at both the global and focused levels.

Considering TECHNICAL, ENERGETIC and ECONOMIC aspects, and also social and environmental aspects. in a strictly industrial logic


Basic use - direct simulation

Supplied dataFeed streamAll process models (C,

S, T, L, BT, TT)

Results calculated by process models

All streamsEnergy balanceCosts

Process 1

Process 2 Process 3

Process 4


Results of the project - R&D

System definition - WP1Flowsheet and phases

Energetic models - WP2 Incineration and Landfill models

Costs models - WP3Collection, sorting, incineration, composting, landfill models


Results of the project - R&D

Collection, transport, sorting, landfill - WP4Collection model and software (.xls)

Biological treatments - WP5Database of 3 plants completely definedFermentation model

Thermal treatments - WP6Grate furnace incineration model


Results of the project - Application

Simulator - WP7A software for design and optimisation of Municipal Waste

Management systems

Scenarios - WP8

Case studies - WP9Simulator of Orleans (250 kinha)

situation 2002, prevision 2003, hypothesis biowaste collection/treatment 2003

Simulator of Stuttgart (360 kinha) actual situation to finalise (problems of data)

Simulator of Lisbon (2000 kinha) 2 communities of municipalities, 1 actual situation achieved


Advantages of simulator

Definition of strategies following a big scale approach

(country, region, local community):

image, state of an existing situationstudy of consequences (economical) of changes of a

given scheme.

‚ More technical analysis following an approach at process

scale:optimisation of an existing treatment plant.Determination of possible progress.

Two types of use:


Interest of the simulator

The choice of suitable MSW treatment methodsProcess based approach

The optimised management of processing (assessment, control, analysis of the existing situation)

Geographically limitted approach?Conservation of knowledge

The optimisation of the installationsBenchmark: performance definition and analysis


Process based approach

Comparison of performances total matter

Composting - BiowasteTratolixo - Total matter distribution in output streams

4.9%

0.3%

1.0%

59.7%

7.1%

4.0%

11.8%

2.4%8.6%

Monsters

Cardboard

Iron

Refuse > 80

Loss

Light Refuse

Heavy refuse

Coarse compost

Fine compost

Composting - biowasteBamberg - Total matter distribution in output streams

56.2%

43.8%Loss

Compost

Composting - Mixed wasteSerurb - Total matter distribution in output streams

74.0%

10.7%

6.0%

9.3%

Primary Refuse

Loss in Maturation

Refuse Post-treatment

Compost


Comparison of performances

Total Carbon

Bamberg - Total carbon distribution in output streams

69.9%

30.1%

Loss

Compost

Tratolixo - Total carbon distribution in output streams

5.5%0.4%0.0%

69.1%

9.2%

3.1%

4.9%

2.7%

5.1%

MonstersCardboardIronRefuse > 80LossLight RefuseHeavy refuseCoarse compostFine compost


Comparison of performance

Lead

Serurb - Pb distribution in output streams

77.8%

8.3%

13.8%

Primary Refuse

Refuse Post-treatment

Compost

Bamberg - Pb distribution in output streams

100%

Compost

Tratolixo - Pb distribution in output streams

4%

0%

1%

53%

6%

20%

1%

15%

Monsters

Cardboard

Iron

Refuse > 80

Light Refuse

Heavy refuse

Coarse compost

Fine compost


Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection

Compost 9724 t/y

Scrap 45 t/y

Bottom ash 22924 t/y

Scrap 2826 t/y

CompostingPlants

24856 t/y

IncinerationPlant

109305 t/y

Landfill79889 t/y

DirectRecycling27699 t/y

Composite pack 325 t/y

Metals 2500 t/y

Paper-cardboard 16559 t/y

Plastics 1780 t/y

1781 t/y Residues 8540 t/y

Org waste 3908Biowaste 15886Mixed waste 931Biol Fraction 4131

Heavy 3384 t/y

Bulky waste 4208 t/y

SortingPlants

40582 t/y

Wood 4889 t/y

Bulky waste 16626Hazardous 296Oil-fat 113Ferr. Metal 3339Glass 7325

Mixed waste 22494Therm. Fract 74763Oil-fat 125

Bulky waste 1450Mixed second 13480Recycl. fract 24916Paper 735

CO

LL

EC

TIO

N

Compost residues 6663 t/y

Ash - Filter cake 2257 t/yRoad waste 9589Bulky waste 16967Mixed waste 46307Org. waste 2987

10%

15%

37%

9%

28%

100%


Compost

Scrap

Bottom ash

Scrap

Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection - Cost

CompostingPlants

9,854,359 €

IncinerationPlant

35,150,477 €

Landfill6,231,765 €

Direct Recycling

Composite pack

Metals

Paper-cardboard

Plastics

Residues

448,209 €

Heavy

Bulky waste

SortingPlants

12,827,283 €

Wood

2,194,393 €

6, 503,526 €

13,187,305 €

CO

LL

EC

TIO

N28

,066

,473

€

Compost residues

Ash - Filter cake

50,683 €

Additional direct cost Indirect cost 688,667 € 4,993,690 €100%

8%

47%

23%

2%

20%

30%

14%

38%

11%

7%


Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection - Energy

Compost

Scrap

Bottom ash

Scrap

CompostingPlants

IncinerationPlant

- 182,341,152 MJ+ 108,000,000 MJ

Landfill - 28,980,880 MJ

Direct Recycling

Composite pack

Metals

Paper-cardboard

Plastics

Residues

Collection890,906 MJTransport77,629 MJ

Heavy

Bulky waste

SortingPlants

Wood

Collection8,070,932 MJ


Transport193,053 MJ


Transport189,490 MJ

CO

LL

EC

TIO

N

TR

AN

SP

OR

T20

,624

,745

MJ

1,

085,

337

MJ

Compost residues

Ash - Filter cakeCollection446,683 MJTransport

625,165 MJ

Transport3.450,670 MJ

Transport1,493,632 MJ

Transport109,585 MJ


Compost 82 t/y

Scrap 0 t/y

Bottom ash 215 t/y

Scrap 0 t/y

CompostingPlants

1636 t/y

IncinerationPlant

26673 t/y

Landfill11361 t/y

DirectRecycling

35 t/y


Metals 33 t/y


Plastics 0 t/y



Heavy 699 t/y

Bulky waste 0 t/y

SortingPlants

18932 t/y

Wood 0 t/y

Bulky waste 0Hazardous 0Oil-fat 0Ferrous Metal 33.5Glass 1.5

Mixed waste 5123Therm. Fract 18691Oil-fat 0


CO

LL

EC

TIO

N



Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection - Paper flowrate

0.1%

32.3%

45.5%

2.8%

19.4%


Compost 2.1 t/y

Scrap 0 t/y

Bottom ash 30.7 t/y

Scrap 1 t/y

CompostingPlants4 t/y

IncinerationPlant

35.3 t/y

Disposal37 t/y

DirectRecycling

11.4 t/y

Composite pack 0.3 t/y

Metals 3.9 t/y

Paper-cardboard 0.9 t/y

Plastics 0.6 t/y

0.7 t/y Residues 2.8 t/y

Org waste 0.9Biowaste 1.7Mixed waste 0.3Biol Fraction 1.3

Heavy 1.2 t/y

Bulky waste 10.3 t/y

SortingPlants12.1 t/y

Wood 0.2 t/y

Bulky waste 7.5Hazardous 0.3Oil-fat 0Ferrous Metal 0.7Glass 2.9

Mixed waste 8Therm. Fract 23.3Oil-fat 0

Bulky waste 0.6Mixed second 6.6Recycl. fract 4.7Paper 0.1

CO

LL

EC

TIO

N

Compost residues 0.8 t/y

Ash - Filter cake 3.5 t/yRoad waste 2.8Bulky waste 7.6Mixed waste 21.8Org. waste 0.1

11.4%

12.1%

35.4%

4%

37.1%

Global Orléans 2003 without biowaste collection - Pb flowrate



Scenario 1

New collection of biowaste

Closing of MBT plant (composting of mixed waste)

Redirecting mixed waste to incineration

Composting of biowaste in Meziere plant


Global Orléans 2003 with biowaste collection

Compost 19638 t/y

Scrap 0 t/y

Bottom ash 21660 t/y

Scrap 2760 t/y

CompostingPlants

36224 t/y

IncinerationPlant

94553 t/y

Landfill79689 t/y

DirectRecycling27699 t/y


Metals 2500 t/y


Plastics 1780 t/y



Heavy 0.5 t/y

Bulky waste 4208 t/y

SortingPlants

40582 t/y

Wood 4889 t/y

Bulky waste 16626Hazardous 296Oil-fat 113Ferrous Metal 3339Glass 7325

Mixed waste 23424.5Therm. Fract 62463Oil-fat 125


CO

LL

EC

TIO

N



100%

15%

14%

28%

32%

10%


Compost

Scrap

Bottom ash

Scrap

Global Orléans 2003 with biowaste collection - Cost

CompostingPlants

15,703,489 €

IncinerationPlant

30,712,362 €

Landfill6,231,765 €

Direct Recycling

Composite pack

Metals

Paper-cardboard

Plastics

Residues

4,316,391 €

Heavy

Bulky waste

SortingPlants

12,827,283 €

Wood

2,194,393 €

6, 777,041 €

13,181,375 €

CO

LL

EC

TIO

N32

,672

,725

€

Compost residues

Ash - Filter cake

50,683 €

Additional direct cost Indirect cost 935,074 € 5,217,814 €


Compost

Scrap

Bottom ash

Scrap

Global Orléans 2003 with biowaste collection - Energy

CompostingPlants

IncinerationPlant

- 182,341,152 MJ+ 108,000,000 MJ

Disposal- 28,980,880 MJ

Direct Recycling

Composite pack

Metals

Paper-cardboard

Plastics

Residues

Collection694,840 MJTransport77,629 MJ

Heavy

Bulky waste

SortingPlants

Wood



Transport250,828 MJ


Transport189,490 MJ

CO

LL

EC

TIO

N

TR

AN

SP

OR

T20

,624

,745

MJ

1,

143,

112

MJ

Compost residues

Ash - Filter cakeCollection446,683 MJTransport

625,165 MJ



Transport217,756 MJ


Potential impacts - BAT

Definition of clear performance criteriabased of matter recovery AND eliminationbased on emissionsbased on substances recovery

Process efficiency is not only due to technologyoperationmaintenanceoptimisation

for composting: influence of Pre and Post treatments

BREF expert group, operators traininganalysis of real process performance based on real data


City of tomorrow

The optimised management of processing (assessment, control, analysis of the existing situation)

capabilities to keep and transfer knowledgemonitoring of the effects of policies of MSW management

City planninggeographical limits in system definition

incompatible with life cycle approach ??? Valuation of import/export: definition of responsabilities at local

decision levelBenchmarking of management systems

Capabilities of local staff Financing capabilities



Knowledge conservation possibilites(1/4)

Bank of icons



Bank of streams

S orting residues TS P C-GI

TSMS

Recycling fraction TS MS

Recycling fraction TS MS

Recycling fraction MS MS -S MS

TSMS

TGI

Off-gas

S upplies

S upplies

S upplies

S uppliesOff-gas

Off-gas

S upplies

S upplies

Off-gas

Off-gas

Off-gas

Off-gasLoss during composting

C leaned waste water GI

Filter cake GI

E S P -ash GI-LH

Filter cake GI-LH

TC

Separate collection of mixed waste - detail (CMD)

S orted bulky waste S MS -RE CD

S orted wood S MS -RE CD

S orted plastic S MS -RE CD

S orted metal S MS -RE CD

S orted paper S MS -RE CD

S orted paper TS MS -RE CD

S orted plastic TS MS -RE CD

S orted metal TS MS -RE CD

S orted wood TS MS -RE CD

S orted bulky waste TS MS -RE CD

S orting residues TS MS -LN

S upplies

S upplies

Off-gas

Off-gas

Residues C-LN

Compost TC-TIB S

Off-gas

Loss during composting

Residues C

Compost C

S uppliesS upplies

Combustion air

S upplies

S orted paper TS P C-RE CD

S upplies

S orting residues S P C-GI

S orted paper S P C-RE CD

S uppliesS upplies

S upplies

S upplies

S upplies

SARAN - Mixed secondary materials splitting

S upplies

S orting residues S P C-GI


Off-gas

Off-gas

S orting residues S MS -S P C


Off-gas

Off-gas

Off-gas

Leachate LN

S upplies

Off-gas

Leachate LN

Leachate LH

Off-gas LH

Off-gas

Leachate LH

S upplies

Transport

S upplies Loss during composting

Residues C-LN

Compost C -TIB S

Off-gas

S upplies

Off-gas

Leachate LN

S upplies

Leachate LN

Off-gas LN

Residues TC-L

Compost TC-TIB S

S upplies

Residues C

Compost C

S orted composite packaging TS MS -RE CD

S orted metal TS MS -RE CD

S orted plastic TS MS -RE CD

S orted paper TS MS -RE CD

S orting residues TS MS -GI

Off-gasOff-gas

S upplies

S orting residues S MS -GI

S orted composite packaging S MS -RE CO

S orted metal S MS -RE CD

S orted plastic S MS -RE CD

S or ted paper S MS -RE CD

Off-gas

S crap TGI-RE CD

B ottom ash TGI-TIB S

S uppliesC leaned off-gas

S crap GI-RE CD

B ottom ash GI

E S P -ash GI

S upplies

S crap TMB T-RE CD

Composted MS W TMB T-TIB S

Heavy fraction MB T-GI

S upplies

Loss during composting

Organic waste LN

Oil & fat TIB S GI

Mixed waste TIB S GI

Mixed secondary materials TIB S GI

Off-gas S upplies

Imported mixed waste GI

Imported mixed secondary materials S MS

Imported mixed secondary materials TIB S S MS

Imported mixed secondary materials TIB S LN

Imported mixed waste LN

Imported mixed waste MB T

S upplies

Off-gas

Cleaning of the road (COR)

Collection of other organic waste (COO)

Road waste CO-LN

Road waste CO-LN

P aper CO-S MS

Organic waste CO-C

Organic waste CO-C

Road waste collected by sweepers

Manually collected road waste

P aper

Market waste

Garden & park waste

S upplies

S uppliesOff-gas

Off-gas

Collection of other waste

SARAN - Mixed waste splitting

Thermal fraction MS W -GI

B iological fraction MS W -MB T

Separate collection of secondary materials (SCS)

Collecting point for secondary materials (CPS)

Off-gas

Mixed waste MW S

S upplies

Mixed waste

Off-gasS upplies

B ulky waste

B ulky waste S C-S MS

Off-gas

B iowaste S C-C

Mixed secondary materials S C-S MS

P aper S C-S MS

S econdary materials S C-RE CD (glass)

Composite packaging

P aper

Glass

B iowaste

S upplies

Collection of mixed waste (CM)

Mixed secondary materials CP -S MS

P aper CP -S MS

S econdary materials CP -RE CD (glass)

S upplies

Delivered plastics, composite packaging, NFe metals

S upplies

Delivered paper

Delivered glass

Delivered glass

Delivered plastics, composite packaging, NFe metal

Delivered paper

Delivered paper

Delivered biowaste

Delivered biowaste

Delivered ferrous metal

S upplies

Delivered bulky waste

Delivered bulky waste

Off-gas

B iowaste CP -C

B iowaste CP -C

S econdary materials CP -RE CD (ferrous metal)

P aper CP -S MS (paper)

P aper CP -S MS (cardboard)

Mixed secondary materials CP -S MS

S econdary materials CP -RE CD (glass)

Off-gas

B ulky waste CP -L

B ulky waste CP -RE CD

Off-gas

E nd of life vehicles RE CD

Oil & fat RE CD

B atteries RE CD

Chemicals RE CD

Off-gas

Collecting point for bulky waste (CPB)

Collecting point for secondary materials (CPS)

Collecting point for other waste (CPO)

S upplies

E nd of life vehicles

Oil & fat

B atteries

Chemicals

Residues C

TC

Compost C

TPCS

TSPC

TC

TMBT

Combustion air

W ater (flue gas treatment)

S upplies (reagents)

Combustion air

S crap MB T

Organic waste

Mixed waste TIB S

Oil and fat

Mixed secondary materials TIB S

Collection of other waste

Mixed waste

Mixed waste

Combustion air

Mixed secondary materials

Mixed secondary materials TIB S (2)

Mixed secondary materials TIB S (1)

Mixed waste - la Ferte S t A ubin

Transport of imported waste-detail (TID)

Separate collection of bulky waste (SCB)

Separate waste collection - curbside (SC)

Separate waste collection - collecting point PHH

Compost MS W

Separate waste collection - Civic amenity site PHH + TIBS

ORLEANS CASE STUDY

LORRIS - Sorting Plant for paper & cardboard (SPC)

St JEAN DE BRAYE - Sorting Plant for paper & cardboard (SPC)

CHANGE - Landfill for hazardous waste (LH)

CHEVILLY SITA - Landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)

CHEVILLY SITA -Composting plant (C)

St PERAVY LA COLOMBE - Composting plant (C)

MEZIERE - Composting plant (C)

(for non hazardous waste)

MEZIERE - Landfill for non hazardous waste (LN)

CHAINGY - Sorting plant for mixed secondary materials TIBS (SMS)

SARAN - Mechanical biological treatment plant (MBT)

SARAN - Sorting plant for mixed secondary materials (SMS)

SARAN - Grate incineration plant (GI)

Plant Flowsheet of Project: ORLÉANS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

2728

29

30

31

3233

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

121314

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

2627

2829

3031

32

33

34

35

3637

38

39

40

4142

43

44

45

46

47

48

4950

51

52

53

54

5556

5758

59

60

61

6263

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72 73

74

75

76

77

78

7980

81

82

83

8485

8687

8889

90 91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101102

103

104105106107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120121

122123

124

125

126

127

128

129130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147148

149

150151

152

153154

155

156

157

158159

160

161

162

163164

165

166167

168

169

170171

172

173

174175

176

177178

179

180181

182

183184185

186 187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194195

196

197

198 199200

201

202

203

204

205

206207

208

209

210211

212

213

214

215216217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230



Bank of models Unit operationMODEL

Unit operationMODEL

ParametersParameters

InputFlowrates Sizes, Categories, Metals etc..

InputFlowrates Sizes, Categories, Metals etc..

Output (s)Output (s)



Bank of simulators


Place of simulation in policy making

Supply reliable (objective) basic data

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Fifth Framework Program

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