Fifth International Workshop on theUtilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerator

SCK-CENMol, Belgium6-9 May 2007

AA--BAQUSBAQUSA multi-entry graph assisting

the neutronic design of an ADSCase study: EFIT

Carlo Artiolicarlo.artioli@bologna.enea.it

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

EFIT EFIT PbPb MainMain featuresfeatures

Goal:Goal: fissioningfissioning MAMAFuelFuel:: MA & MA & PuPu OxideOxide in in inertinert matrixmatrix ((MgOMgO))CoolantCoolant:: LeadLead, Tin=400 , Tin=400 °C°C, Tout=480°C, Tout=480°CPower:Power: severalseveral hundredshundreds MWMW

EUROTRANS DM1 Task 1.2.4:EFIT Core Design

• The EFIT (European Feasibility for Industrial Transmutation, VI FP,IP EUROTRANS) concept developed for the transmutation of MAs

• Neutronic design of a Pb cooled sub-critical core (ADS with keff (t) ≤ 0,97)

Provided:Subcriticallity → Keff

Fuel: Tmax, conduction → Linear PowerThermohydraulic constraints (ΔT, coolant velocity) hom. power density

Main parameters to keep under controlsimultaneously in ADS neutronic design

Power/size

Current

Δk cycle

Performances

EnrichmentMatrix rate

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

MgO

Inert matrix

PuMA

e (%)

fuel

e = Pu / (Pu+ MA)

%MgO = Matrix / (Matrix + fuel)

%MgO50

50

PELLETPELLET

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

( %fuel )

e (%)e = Pu / (Pu+ MA)

%MgO

PuMA

Fission productTotal balance 42 kg / Twhth

(from theor. 200 MeV/fission) Pu m

ass

Bal

ance

MA

mas

s ba

lanc

e

- 42 0(- 50 +8)

Pu b

reed

erPu

bur

ner

Kg/TWh

Tran

smut

atio

ns

50

FUELFUEL

50

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

e (%)

%MgO

Pu m

ass

Bal

ance

MA

mas

s ba

lanc

e

- 42 0

Pu b

reed

erPu

bur

ner

Kg/TWh

e = Pu / (Pu+ MA)

PuMA

ΔK swing (pcm/y)

FissionFission

Tran

smut

atio

ns

Δk

(pcm

/y)

0

FUELFUEL

5050

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

e (%)

%MgO

Homog. Power density rather constant

Linear power rating(depending on the fuel)

Coolant volume fraction(depending on coolant velocity)

Increasing the %MgO

Increases the geometrical size(adjusted for criticallity)

Increases the Core Power

P (M

W)

Cor

e R

adiu

s (c

m)

400

200

50

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

( %fuel )

%MgO

e (%)

Core Power

Proton current

Δk swing

Proton current range

50 25

P (M

W)

Cor

e R

adiu

s (c

m)

400

200

Decided the minimum of subcriticality

Enric

hmen

t con

stan

t

I (mA)

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO

Breeding zone

Burner zone

50 54

200

I (mA, 800 MeV)1030

400

R (c

m)

P

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo ArtioliR (c

m)

200

P

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO54

I (mA, 800 MeV)30

0

50

200

400

10

ΔK zero approachFlux flattening technique by different rate of matrix (min 50%)

ΔK zero fuel enrichment ΔMA and ΔPu (kg/TWhth)

According to matrix rates (3 options)

Core dimension for criticality (3 options)

Core power (3 options)

Proton current (3 options)

Δk cycle zero proton current constant in the cycle400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

%MgO50 54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1030

ΔK zero approachFlux flattening by rates of matrixΔK zero e = 50% -36/-6According to average matrix rateCore dimensionCore powerProton currentΔk cycle zero, current constant -36 -6

55/5

0 (2

cor

e zo

nes)0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

50

210 107

R (c

m)

P5

400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

5

55/5

0

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO50 54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1030

ΔK zero approachFlux flattening by rate of matrixΔK zero e = 50% -36/-6According to average matrix rateCore dimension Core power Proton currentΔk cycle zero, current constant 50 -36 -6

R (c

m)

P

210 107

5

400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1030

ΔK zero approachFlux flattening by content of matrixΔK zero e = 50% -36/-6According to av. matrix 3 ratesCore dimension (3 options)Core power (3 options)Proton current (3 options)Δk cycle zero, current constant -36 -6

R (c

m)

P

245 115275 120

60/5

0

5

55/5

0

0

50

50E=50%

6.5

E=50

%

E=50%210 107

58/5

0

400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo ArtioliR (c

m)

200

P

Kg/TWhMA Pu

-42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO54

I (mA, 800 MeV)30

0

50

200

400

10

400 MW approachFlux flattening technique by different pin diameters(matrix rate = 50%)

P = 400 MW pitch (coolability) core dimension

Enrichment for criticality

ΔMA and ΔPu (kg/TWhth)

ΔK cycle

ΔK cycle not zero proton current variable in the cycle

400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO50 54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1032

400 MW approachFlux flattening by pin diameter(Matrix rate 50%)Core dimension (coolability)Enrichment (reactivity)MA balanceΔk cycleProton current and cycle range 50 -36 -6

R (c

m)

P

200

20

-65 +231900 27

E=27%E=27%

ΔK swing

E=27%E=27%

157E=27% 400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO50 54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1032

ΔK zero approach

400 MW approach50 -36 -6

E=50

%

E=50%

R (c

m)

P

200

20

E=27%E=27%

E=50%

-65 +23

E=27%E=27%

ΔK swingE=27%

1900 27

400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO50 54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1032

50 -36 -6

E=50

%

E=50%

R (c

m)

P

200

20

E=27%E=27%

E=50%

-65 +23

E=27%E=27%

ΔK swingE=27%

1900 27

55%10

Δk zero approachtuned to 400 MW

(Flux flattening by rates of matrix)e = 50% Δk = 0 pcm/y

ΔMA and ΔPu ≈ - 36, - 6 kg/TWh%MgO ≈ 55I ≈10 mA

Source efficiency decreases alongthe spallation module increasing

400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO50 54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1032

50 -36 -6

E=50

%

E=50%

R (c

m)

P

200

20

E=27%E=27%

E=50%

-65 +23

E=27%E=27%

ΔK swing

42 −0 approachtuned to 400 MW

(Flux flattening by rates of matrix)ΔMA and ΔPu: -42 , 0 kg/TWh

e ≈ 45% Δk ≈ 400 pcm/y%MgO ≈ 53I ≈12-17 mA

400 45%

45%

45%

53%

E=27%

17 - 12

1900 27

400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

5

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO50 54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1032

50 -36 -6

E=50

%

E=50%

R (c

m)

P

200

20

E=27%E=27%

E=50%

-65 +23

E=27%E=27%

ΔK swing

0

50

200

400

10

42 − 0 approachFlux flattening technique by different rate of matrix (min 50%)

42 − 0 enrichment Δk cycle

According to matrix rate (3 options)

Core dimension for criticality (3 options)

Core power (3 options)

Proton current (3 options)

Δk cycle not zero proton current variable in the cycle

E=27% 400

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

Kg/TWhMA Pu

- 42 0

Pu B

urne

rPu

Bre

eder

0

Δk e(pcm/y) (%)

%MgO50 54

I (mA, 800 MeV)1032

50 -36 -6

E=50

%

E=50%

R (c

m)

P

200

20

E=27%E=27%

E=50%

-65 +23

E=27%E=27%E=27%

ΔK swing

E=45.7%

E=45.7%

1900 27

E=45.7%

42 −0 approachFlux flattening by rates of matrix42 − 0 e = 45.7%According to av. matrix ratesCore dimensionCore power Proton currentΔk cycle not zero, current variable

400optimization

optimization

optim

izatio

n

1316

57/5

0/50

200

42-0 approach → fuel enrichment 45,7%(flattening by 3 radial zones)

Inner and intermediate zones(same pin diameter, different matrix rate)

Outer zone(same pin number, larger pin diameter)

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

((calculationscalculations: M. : M. SarottoSarotto))

Size required to reach keff 0.97→ Core power

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

((calculationscalculations: M. : M. SarottoSarotto))

Hom. Power density at midplane

Maximum allowed, corresponding to linear power rating 207 and 180 W/cm

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

((calculationscalculations: M. : M. SarottoSarotto))

384MWth (ERALIB1 Library; 75 Solid FPs; 172 -> 1968 -> 51 energy groups)

0,969

0,970

0,971

0,972

0,973

0,974

0,975

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3

t [y]

k eff

keff

Δ k vs time: Δ k = 200 pcm/y

200

pcm

/y

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

((calculationscalculations: M. : M. SarottoSarotto))

Pu & MAMOX spent + 30 y cooling

Pu [ w % ]

Pu238 3,737

Pu239 46,446

Pu240 34,121

Pu241 3,845

Pu242 11,850

Pu244 0,001

MA [ w % ]

Np237 3,884

Am241 75,510

Am242 3,27E-06

Am242m 0,254

Am243 16,054

Cm242 2,3E-20

Cm243 0,066

Cm244 3,001

Cm245 1,139

Cm246 0,089

Cm247 0,002

Cm248 1,01E-04

Pu Vector

Pu238

Pu239

Pu240

Pu241

Pu242

Pu244

MA Vector91,8% Am4,3% CmNp237

Am241Am242 Am242mAm243Cm242Cm243Cm244Cm245Cm246Cm247Cm248

Pu Vector

Mass balances

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli

((calculationscalculations: M. : M. SarottoSarotto))

5th HPPA Workshop, 6-9 May ‘07 Mol, Belgium Carlo Artioli