Fig. 17-17
3355U
UA
ACGMet
GTP GDPInitiator
tRNA
mRNA5 3
Start codon
mRNA binding siteSmallribosomalsubunit
5
P site
Translation initiation complex
3
E A
Met
Largeribosomalsubunit
Initiating translation
Fig. 17-18-4
Amino endof polypeptide
mRNA
5
3E
Psite
Asite
GTP
GDP
E
P A
E
P A
GDPGTP
Ribosome ready fornext aminoacyl tRNA
E
P A
Fig. 17-19-3
Releasefactor
3
5Stop codon(UAG, UAA, or UGA)
5
32
Freepolypeptide
2 GDP
GTP
5
3
Terminating translation
Translation animation
How is this model different than what is in your textbook?
How are aminoacyl-tRNAs brought to the ribosome?
How are hydrogen bonds represented?
How is the expenditure of energy (GTP) represented?
What is “peptidyl synthetase”?
Fig. 17-3a-2
(a) Bacterial cell
TRANSCRIPTION DNA
mRNA
TRANSLATIONRibosome
Polypeptide
Fig. 17-7a-4Promoter Transcription unit
DNAStart pointRNA polymerase
553
3
Initiation
33
1
RNAtranscript
5 5
UnwoundDNA
Template strandof DNA
2 Elongation
RewoundDNA
5
5 5 3 3 3
RNAtranscript
3 Termination
5
5 5 33
3Completed RNA transcript
Fig. 17-24RNA polymerase
DNA
Polyribosome
mRNA
0.25 µmDirection oftranscription
DNA
RNApolymerase
Polyribosome
Polypeptide(amino end)
Ribosome
mRNA (5 end)
In bacteria:Translation can happen while transcription is still ocurring
Fig. 18-3a
Polypeptide subunits that make upenzymes for tryptophan synthesis
mRNA 5
Promoter
trp operon
Genes of operon
Stop codonStart codon
trpAtrpE trpD trpC trpB
ABCDE
In bacteria: Many genes are organized in operons
Operon = group of genes sharing one promoter, expressed as 1 mRNAs containing multiple ORFs
Fig. 17-3b-3
(b) Eukaryotic cell
TRANSCRIPTION
Nuclearenvelope
DNA
Pre-mRNARNA PROCESSING
mRNA
TRANSLATION Ribosome
Polypeptide
Fig. 17-8A eukaryotic promoterincludes a TATA box
3
1
2
3
Promoter
TATA box Start point
Template
TemplateDNA strand
535
Transcriptionfactors
Several transcription factors mustbind to the DNA before RNApolymerase II can do so.
5533
Additional transcription factors bind tothe DNA along with RNA polymerase II,forming the transcription initiation complex.
RNA polymerase IITranscription factors
55 53
3
RNA transcript
Transcription initiation complex
Fig. 17-9
Protein-coding segment Polyadenylation signal3
3 UTR5 UTR
5
5 Cap Start codon Stop codon Poly-A tail
G P PP AAUAAA AAA AAA…
A eukaryotic mRNA
Fig. 17-10
Pre-mRNA
mRNA
Codingsegment
Introns cut out andexons spliced together
5 CapExon Intron5
1 30 31 104
Exon Intron
105
Exon
146
3Poly-A tail
Poly-A tail5 Cap
5 UTR 3 UTR1 146
Many eukaryotic mRNAs are spliced
Fig. 17-11-1RNA transcript (pre-mRNA)
Exon 1 Exon 2Intron
ProteinsnRNA
snRNPs
Otherproteins
5
Fig. 17-11-2RNA transcript (pre-mRNA)
Exon 1 Exon 2Intron
ProteinsnRNA
snRNPs
Otherproteins
5
5
Spliceosome
Fig. 17-11-3RNA transcript (pre-mRNA)
Exon 1 Exon 2Intron
ProteinsnRNA
snRNPs
Otherproteins
5
5
Spliceosome
Spliceosomecomponents
Cut-outintronmRNA
Exon 1 Exon 25
Fig. 17-12Gene
DNAExon 1 Exon 2 Exon 3Intron Intron
Transcription
RNA processing
Translation
Domain 2
Domain 3
Domain 1
Polypeptide