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Indian Oil

FINAL “ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT REPORT”

FOR

PROPOSED POL TERMINAL

OF

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

AT

KORBA, CHATTISGARH

M.2011 Year: FEB, 2012

Studied, Prepared and Submitted by

MANTEC CONSULTANTS PVT LTD

805, Vishal Bhawan, 95, Nehru Place, New Delhi-110019, PH. 011-26429294/5/6, Fax. 011-26463665/26842531, e-mail: [email protected],

/ Environment Division, D-36, Sector-6, Noida-201 301, U. P., Ph. 0120-4215000, Fax. 0120-4215809, e-mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report

For POL Terminal At Korba, Chhattisgarh

Page 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl. No. Contents Page No.

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION 06-09

1.1 Purpose of the Report 06

1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent 06

1.3 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of the Project and Importance to Country, Region

06

1.4 Scope of Study 07

1.5 Site Selection 07

1.6 Methodology for Environment Impact Assessment 08

1.7 Likely Impact on the Environment 09

1.8 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 09

1.9 Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan 09

CHAPTER-2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 10-14

2.1 Type of Project 10

2.2 Need for the Project 10

2.3 Location 10

2.4 Salient Features of the Project 11

CHAPTER-3: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 15-50

3.1 Meteorology 15

3.1.1 Synthesis of Data on Climatic Conditions 15

3.1.2 Methodology of Data Generation 19

3.1.3 Meteorological Observation at Site 19

3.2 Ambient Air Quality 24

3.2.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study 24

3.2.2 Presentation of Results 26

3.3 Noise 28

3.3.1 Objective 28

3.3.2 Methodology 28

3.3.3 Parameters Measured 31

3.3.4 Result 31

3.3.5 Noise Standards 31

3.3.6 Results and Discussion 32

3.4 Water Environment 32

3.4.1 Ground Water Hydrology 32

3.4.2 Selection of Sampling Locations 32


3.4.4 Ground Water Quality 34

3.5 Soil 37

3.5.1 Selection of sampling Locations 37


3.5.3 Physicochemical Characterization of Soil 38

3.6 Biological Environment 39

3.6.1 Terrestrial Ecology 40



Page 3

3.6.2 Aquatic Ecology 44

3.7 Demography and Socio-Economic Profile 45

3.7.1 Demographic Profile of the Study Area Based on 2001 Census Data Population

46

3.7.2 Socioeconomic Profile of the Study Area (Based on 2001 Census) 46

3.7.3 Availability of Infrastructural Facilities & Amenities 47

3.8 Land Use Pattern of Study area based on Satellite Imagery 49

CHAPTER-4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES

51-58

4.1 Introduction 51

4.2 Air Environnent 51

4.3 Noise Environnent 52

4.3.1 Noise Generation during Operation 52

4.3.2 Propagative Modeling 52

4.3.3 Impacts Due to Project 53


4.5 Land Environment 53

4.5.1 Impact on Soil 53

4.6 Biological Environment 53

4.6.1 Impact on Natural Resource Soil or Agricultural Land 54

4.6.2 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology (Flora and Fauna) 54

4.6.3 Impact on Forest & Wild Life 54

4.6.4 Impact on Aquatic Ecology 54

4.7 Socio-Economic Environment 54

4.7.1 Impact on Cultural Resources 54

4.7.2 Impact on Economic Features 55

CHAPTER-5: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 58-61

5.1 Introduction 58

5.2 Environnemental Monitoring 58

5.2.1 Ambient Air Quality 59

5.2.2 Surface Water Quality 59

5.2.3 Ground Water Quality 59

5.2.4 Soil Quality 60

5.2.5 Noise Level 60

5.2.6 Stack Monitoring 60

CHAPTER-6: PROJECT BENEFITS 61

6.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure 61

6.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure 61

6.3 Employment Potential 61

CHAPTER-7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 62-68

7.1 Introduction 62

7.2 Air Quality Management 63

7.3 Noise Environment Management 64


7.5 Land Environment 66



Page 4

7.5.1 Top Soil Management 66

7.5.2 Solid Waste Management 66

7.6 Socio-Economic Environment 66 7.7 Biological Environment 67

7.7 Green Belt Development 67

7.8 Environmental Management Cell 68

CHAPTER-8: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 69-71

8.1 Overall Justification For Implementation Of The Project 69

8.1.1 Overall Mitigation Measures & Environmental Management Plan 69

CHAPTER-9: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 72

CHAPTER-10 : DETAILS OF VAPOUR RECOVERY SYSTEM 73

CHAPTER-11 : EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 74-79

CHAPTER-12: TOR COMPLIANCE REPORT & PUBLIC HEARING PROCEEDINGS

80-193

11.1 TOR as received from MOEF, New Delhi 81

11.2 Point-wise compliance report of TOR 84

11.3 PUBLIC HEARING PROCEEDINGS 88-193

11.3.1 Note sheet from DC Korba fixing the date & time for EPH Annex-1

11.3.2 Publication of EPH notice in National & Local news papers Annex-2

11.3.3 Copy of receipts from Govt departments of the circulation of EPH documents for wide publicity

Annex-3

11.3.4 Observation/comments received in writing from common public Annex-4

11.3.5 Letter to the project proponent (IOCL) for answering the observations/comments received

Annex-5

11.3.6 Response/answers from project proponent (IOCL) on all the observations/comments received

Annex-6

11.3.7 Observation/comments received verbally from common public Annex-7

11.3.8 Proceedings of public hearing Annex-8

11.3.9 Statement of main issues raised by the public & comments from project proponent

Annex-9

11.3.10 Attendance sheet Annex-10

11.3.11 CD containing video clipping of Public hearing proceedings Annex-11

11.3.12 Photographs taken during public hearing Annex-12

11.3.13 Copy of receipts from Govt departments of the circulation of EPH proceedings for wide publicity

Annex-13

11.3.14 News paper clippings/coverage of the conducted public hearing Annex-14 CHAPTER-13: COMMITMENTS MADE BY THE PROPJECT PROPONENT DURING EPH WITH FINANCIAL BUDGET FOR COMPLYING WITH THE COMMITMENTS MADE

194



Page 5

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Contents Page No.

Table2.1 Proposed Tankage Capacity 11

Table 2.2 Other Proposed Facility and magnitude 14

Table 3.1 Climatological Table Of Raigarh Observatory (1951-1980) 17

Table 3.2 Instruments, Parameters and Frequency For Meteorological Monitoring At Site 19

Table 3.3 Meteorological Data Recorded at Site 20

Table 3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 24

Table 3.5 Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 26

Table 3.6 Ambient Air Quality Status with respect to PM10 27

Table 3.7 Ambient Air Quality Status with respect to Sulphur Dioxide 27

Table 3.8 Ambient Air Quality Status with respect to Nitrogen Oxides 27

Table 3.9 Ambient Air Quality Status with respect to Total Hydrocarbon 28

Table 3.10 Noise Level Monitoring Stations In The Study Area 29

Table 3.11 Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area 31

Table 3.12 Noise Quality Standards 31

Table 3.13 Water Quality Sampling Locations 33

Table 3.14 Ground Water Characteristics 35

Table 3.15 Surface Water Characteristics 36

Table 3.16 Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area 37

Table 3.17 Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area 38

Table 3.18 Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area 39

Table 3.19 List of Crops grown in the Region 40

Table 3.20 List of commonly occurring plant species 41

Table 3.21 List of Domestic Fauna Observed in the Study Area 42

Table 3.22 List of Birds observed Within the Study Area 42

Table 3.23 List of Wild Animals observed Within the Study Area 42

Table-3.24 List of Reptiles, Amphibians and Rodents observed Within the Study Area 42

Table 3.25 List of Fishes Fauna 44

Table 3.26 Plankton load (No./100liter) in Water Bodies 45

Table 3.27 Demographic Characteristics of the study area for the year 2001 46

Table 3.28 Educational Facilities within the Study Area 47

Table 3.29 Medical Facilities within the Study Area 48

Table 3.30 Drinking Water Facility within the Study Area 48

Table 3.31 Electricity Facility within the Study Area 48

Table 3.32 Post & Telegraph Facility within the Study Area 49

Table 3.33 Land use pattern 38

Table 4.1 Summary of Mitigation Measures 55

Table 5.1 Post Study Environmental Monitoring Programme 60

Table 7.1 Ambient Noise Quality Standards 65

Table 8.1 Environmental Management Plan during Construction and Operational Phase

69

Table 9.1 Consultants engaged with the project 72

Table 11.1 Proposed Tankage Capacity 74

Table 11.2 Proposed Facilities and Dimension 75



Page 6

Chapter-1: Introduction

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. has been proposed a Petroleum-Oil-Lubricant (POL) terminal at Korba, Chhattisgarh. The objective of the study is to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The petroleum oil terminal project may cause environmental impacts near the project site during construction and operational phase. The type and intensity of impacts on the various components of the environment vary depending on the nature and size of the project as well as its geographical locations. The net impacts from individual project can be identified through Environmental Impact Assessment studies of various components of environment such as noise, air, water, land, biological and socioeconomic. Rapid EIA studies from a basis for preparing an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to conserve the environment of the area. A field survey was carried out at project site during summer season for collection of primary data and physical information. Secondary information with regard to the demographic profile, habitation, climatic conditions, water resources, land use pattern, cropping pattern, biological indicators, historical importance, industrial development and other environmentally sensitive parameters around the POL terminal where construction is proposed was also collected for authentication of primary data. The information collected was validated at site. For baseline data generation a study area of 15 km radius around the proposed project site of Korba Terminal has been considered. The EIA report based on one season baseline data was prepared, which cover all individual components of environment and are described in detail in subsequent chapters.

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

Indian Oil is India’s flagship energy major and the country’s largest commercial enterprise with a turnover of Rs. 3,28,744.27 crores and profits of Rs. 7,445.48 crores for the year 2010-11. It is also the highest ranked Indian company in the prestigious Fortune ‘Global 500’ listing at 98

th position. Indian Oil is the 20st largest

petroleum refining company in the world. Indian Oil and its group companies account for 48% petroleum products market share, 34.8% refining capacity owing 10 out of 20 refineries in the country and about 10,899 km of pipeline capacity across the country.

1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AND IMPORTANCE TO COUNTRY, REGION

Indian oil corporation Limited (IOCL) proposes to set up a Petroleum-Oil-Lubricants (POL) marketing terminal inside the closed IBP Div. Explosive plant of IOCL at Village- Gopalpur, Tehsil- Katghora on Katghora to Champa main road (East).Total land area for the proposed terminal is 22 Hectares.



Page 7

1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

The scope of the study is to conduct the EIA study covering all the disciplines of environment and field monitoring in relevant disciplines over one season (excluding monsoon months). The Rapid EIA report is prepared as per MoEF Notification dated 14.09.2006. As per the Environmental Protection Act 1986 and its subsequent amendments in 2009, isolated storage and handling the hazardous chemicals falls within the category of 6(B) new industrial activities requiring a prior environmental clearance. To obtain this clearance, preparing an Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a prerequisite for that type of projects. . It is desirable to frame a picture of current environment in project area of POL Terminal. This has been accomplished by carrying out a field survey and secondary data collection, based on which the mitigation measures have been suggested and the EIA report prepared. The Rapid EIA study of proposed project has been carried out as per the following methodology.

Collection and review of information pertaining to existing environmental conditions in the areas, supported by field investigation in addition to consultation with IOCL and experts.

Evaluation of all potential, significant, adverse, environmental and socio-economic impacts associated with the proposed project.

Identification and planning of measures to mitigate potential significant adverse impacts.

Preparation of detailed environment management plan to prevent, mitigate or compensate potential significant adverse impact identified.

1.5 SITE SELECTION

IOCL proposes to implement the Project in Korba district of Chhattisgarh state. The present site for the project is selected based on the following considerations:

Availability of suitable and adequate land

Road and railway access

Availability of infrastructural facilities

Environmental aspects

The site confirms to the setting criteria for POL terminal. Considering the above mentioned points no better alternate site could be considered in the locality.

There are no sensitive area such as National Monuments, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries, etc. within 15 km. from the project.



Page 8

1.6 METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The study was organized to incorporate all relevant critical issues of the proposed project. It was undertaken to gather relevant information from available sources followed by conducting a field survey to the proposed project site and surrounding areas for environmental impact assessment and mitigation measures.

Various components of environment covered under the study are discussed below:

A. Air Environment

Ambient air quality data within 15 km radius were collected.Taking into account micro-meteorological conditions, sampling sites were identified. Five ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected within the study area, one monitoring station proposed project site and four monitoring stations located at buffer zone. The parameters selected for ambient air quality status are Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Hydrocarbon (Methane and non methane) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). All the parameters were monitored on 24 hour cycle. The meteorological parameters were also recorded by installing meteorological station at the plant site to determine the prevailing meteorological conditions during the study period.

B. Noise Environment

Noise pollution may cause an adverse effect on human beings and associated environment including land, domestic animals, wild life and natural ecological systems. Hence, noise level surveys were carried out at site and at different locations within the study area of the project. Measurements were taken at plant boundaries, residential places like villages and sensitive areas like schools, hospitals etc.

C. Water Environment

Information on water resources was collected. The critical parameters of prime importance were selected and analyzed under physical and chemical (inorganic and organic), aspects. Ground and surface water samples were collected from different locations.

D. Land Environment

Studies were undertaken to characterize and describe the land environment and various components in terms of land use and cropping patterns, physico-chemical properties of soils etc. Soil samples were collected and analyzed. Plant species for the development of green belt were also studied taking attenuation factors into consideration.

E. Biological Environment

The study was based on physical observation of the species in the project shadow area. The expert team visited the area and collected the data on flora and fauna, forestry and wildlife, as well as the avian scenario.

F. Socio-Economic Environment



Page 9

Compilation and collection of requisite type of data were undertaken, such as, demographic pattern, population density per km

2 and economic status, educational

facilities, medical facilities, health status transport and communication, entertainment etc. Such data were collected from villages falling within a radius of 15 km.

1.7 LIKELY IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project i.e. storage and marketing of petroleum products can directly or indirectly affect the environment, so the following dimensions have been studied in detail to analyze the resulting impact on environment as a whole:

- Air Environment - Noise Environment - Water Environment - Land Environment - Biological Environment - Socio Environment

The assessment of above impacts have been carried out and discussed in the report. Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd. conducted the Rapid EIA study to assess impact of the proposed project on the environment. Accordingly, various safeguards have been suggested to ensure that the potential impacts are mitigated and conform to the prescribed limits.

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

Environmental Management Plan reviews the adequacy of various pollution control measures envisaged for proposed project in mitigating various environmental impacts identified. EMP has been prepared separately for construction and operation phases. It describes administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigatory measures are implemented and their effectiveness is monitored. It also includes green belt development plan.

1.9 RISK ANALYSIS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Risk Analysis is identification and assessment of the principal case the hazards due to fire & explosion and to formulate accordingly appropriate mitigation measures. The DMP followed by Risk Analysis from the proposed project which will help in identifying the vulnerable points and possible hazards. These are then assessed applying the appropriate risk analysis methods. The detail report for RA and DMP is being submitted separately along with EIA report.



Page

10

Chapter-2: Project Description 2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT

IOCL have proposed to provide a grass root POL (Petroleum-Oil-Lubricant) terminal at Korba district in Chhattisgarh. Facilities at POL terminal other than storage would include, TLF pump house, oil water separator. Water Sump, warehouse, security block, control room/laboratory, MCC panel room, electrical sub station, DG sets, parking, fire fighting facilities as per OISD 117/118 norms, administration and amenities facilities and standard civil facilities. Safety and pollution control facilities would be provided as per OISD 117/118 & statutory pollution control rules.

2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

The proposed oil depot is situated at Korba in the state of Chhattisgarh nearest highway is Korba-Katghora highway. This new POL terminal will comply with the OISD guidelines. Petroleum products being stored at this facility are, High Speed Diesel (HSD), Motor Spirit (MS) and Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) and Ethanol will be stored at the proposed Terminal. By having new POL Terminal at Dist. Korba, Chhattisgarh state, IOCL will have strong logistical support for delivering the products to the customers. Delivery distance by tank trucks which in turn will reduce trucks on the road reducing the vehicular load on the already strained public roads. This will result in reduced air pollution and reduced probability of accidents on the roads due to less movement of tank trucks.

2.3 LOCATION

The proposed POL terminal is located inside the closed IBP Div. Explosive plant of IOCL at Village- Gopalpur, Tehsil- Katghora on Katghora to Champa main road (East). Longitude of 22º 26’ 42.60” N and Latitude 82º 39’ 34.10” E, respectively. Total land area for the proposed terminal is 22 Hectares. It is located about 15 km distance from the main Korba city. The general topography of the area is undulated flat regions and the general elevation of the site is 252 msl. Within 10 km radius from the site following industries plant are located

Hasdeo Thermal Power Station (CSEB)

NTPC Super Thermal Power Plant, Korba.

Bharat Aluminum Company Limited (BALCO).

Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)

IBP Division Explosive Plant, Kushmunda.



Page

11

2.4 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

The salient features of the proposed project are as follows: These products will envisage being stored in the proposed tanks of 1x7672, 2x11628 KL for HSD, 1x2614, 2x7389 KL for MS and 3x2301 KL for SKO and 2x200 KL for ETHANOL. The product will be delivered to customers in tank trucks. Thus, this will purely storage and distribution facility having no processing material and no effluent discharge. Details of product wise tankage proposed at POL terminal are as follows:

Table 2.1: Proposed Tankage Capacity

Sr.

No

.

Tank

No.

Produc

t

SIZE OF

TANKS

Nominal

Capacity

(KL)

Tank

Type

Class

1. HSD-1 HSD 34M DIA X13M HT.

11628 Cone Roof

B


11628 Cone Roof

B

3. HSD-3 HSD 26M DIA X14.5M HT.

7672 Cone Roof

B

4. MS-1 MS 26M DIA X16M HT.

7389 Internal Floating

Roof

A



Roof

A



Roof

A

7. SKO-1 SKO 14M DIA X15M HT.

2301 Cone Roof

B


2301 Cone Roof

B


2301 Cone Roof

B

10. ETHANOL-1

ETHANOL

4.12M DIA X15M HT.

200 U/G A

11. ETHANOL-2

ETHANOL

4.12M DIA X15M HT.

200 U/G A

12 Transmix Tank

10 M DIA X 9 M HT.

SUB-TOTAL 55623KL

FUTURE PROVISION :

13 MS-4 MS 26M DIA X16M HT.

7389 Floating

Roof

A



Page

12

14 HSD-4 HSD 34M DIA X13M HT.

11628 Cone Roof

B

SUB-TOTAL 19017

GRAND TOTAL 74640

Total 9 above ground and 2 Underground storage tanks are to be constructed and provision for two nos.of additional storage tanks , one each for HSD and MS to be kept in layout for future requirement.

Provisions for construction of the future storage tanks for each product has been kept in the same dyke so as to synchronize with the mandatory tank cleaning due after commissioning.

Tank foundation aprons/slope to be provided with the CC/Brick pitching and tank farm area to be paved with bricks or locally available cost affective material.

Height of tank to be maximized based on techno economic considerations.

Tank inlet and outlet shall be provided each with 2 Nos. of Gate valves (MOVs) and Plug Valve (MOV) between them.

No interconnecting catwalks to be provided for storage tanks.

All floating roof tanks to be provided with Rim Seal Fire Protection System and Foam Pourers as per OISD norms.

Distribution and Loading

12 nos. of Bottom Loading Bays with Vapor Recovery System and Level 1 Automation to be provided in TLF Shed for distribution/loading of TTs .Adequate space for addition of bays in future is kept in the layout.

One no. shed (TT Checking /Sealing Shed) with both side of Platforms, separate from TLF shed at TLF entry /exit to serve unlocking for incoming TTs and locking of outgoing Tts. Provision of suitable cabin to be made for storage of locks and accessories.

Maximum loading (pumping) time for each TT: 5 minutes per TT of 12 KL capacity.

Separate TLD platform (Multi purpose decanting points i.e. 3 nos. TLD platforms without shed one each for MS,HSD and SKO) in TLF corner close to pump house using the TLF RCC area for TT bay for decantation and ensuring same do not interfere the TT movement to loading bays . In addition to this , 2 nos. TT decantation points with covered platform to be provided close to the under ground ethanol Tanks for unloading of Ethanol TT.

Pipeline Network



Page

13

Motorized Valves (MOVs) to be considered for size 400 mm dia and above.

Independent pipeline from pipeline receiving station to storage tanks.

Independent pipeline from TLD point to TLD pumps.

Independent product pipeline from pipeline manifold.

Jet nozzle for MS tanks connected to TLD pump for product circulation.

Independent pipeline from each tank to TLF pumps.

Independent product P/L from TLF pumps to TLF shed.

Bottom loading arrangements with vapor recovery system (VRS) in TLF shed.

Flexibility between HSD and SKO in one pump with spool piece drop arrangement.

Tank to tank transfer through TLF manifold using standby (S/B) pump.

Jet Nozzle operation for MS through TLD manifold using stand by (S/B) Pump.

All pipelines to be laid above ground except where unavoidable.

Pipelines in TLF area to be laid over head with control Valves at ground level.

Flange joints to be minimized. All flange joints should be provided with jumpers.

Product Doping Facilities:

Blue Dye doping facilities as per norms. Provision should be made for injection of blue dye into SKO tanks during product receipt.

Marker doping facilities as per standard norms in SKO tanks during product receipt.

MFA dosing facility at TLF loading point.

Ethanol blending facilities for MS as per norms.

Fire Fighting Facilities:

Full fledged auto-pressurized system to cover all facilities in the terminal as per OISD-117/118 norms floating roof tanks to be provided with Rim Seal Fire Protection System and Foam Pourers as per OISD norms.

Pollution Control Facilities:



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14

Pollution Control facilities as per latest MOEF norms and meeting State Pollution Control Board Rules.

Collection sumps will be provided with control valves outside each tank farm.

One. master separator at outlet point of oil/water drainage to ensure that effluent would meet pollution control norms and oil contents not to exceed 8 PPM level.

Pipe drains for oily water from tank farms, pump house manifold area and TLF area leading to master oil water separator.

Gravity type OWS of suitable capacity as per maximum rainfall to be provided along with arrangement for lifting oil and slop tank of suitable size.

Surface drain (storm water) system independent of oil water drainage.

Exhaust pipes of diesel engines of DG sets and fire fighting units as per State pollution control norms.

Table 2.2: Other Proposed Facilities and Magnitude

Sr. No.

Other Facilities Magnitude

1. Security Block Car/Scooter/Cycle Shed

5 M. X 5 M. 35 M X 6 M

2 Driver's Rest Room in T/T 14 M X 8 M

3. Administrative Building 30 M. X 10 M.

4. Store /Warehouse 15 M. X 12 M.

5 Aminity Block 16 M. X 17 M.

6 Electric Substation & D.G. 36 M. X 10.5 M.

7. Fire Pump House 30 M. X 8 M.

8 Watch Tower 3 M X 3 M

9 Caliberation Facility 4 M X 4 M

10 T/T Checking and Sealing 4 M X 4 M

11 Cabin For Lock and Assessories 4 M X 4 M

12 Oil Water Seperator 2 M X 20 M

13 TLF Pump House with Manifold 30 M. X 20 M.

14. Control Room 20 M. X 18 M.

15. S and D Block 10 M. X 8 M.

16. Vapour Recovery System 10 M. X 25 M.

17 Exchange Pit 10 M. X 25 M.

18 Static Water Sump 10 M. X 8 M.

19 MCC Panel Room 11 M. X 4 M.



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15

CHAPTER-3: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT The area around the proposed POL Terminal, where the project activities will take place has been surveyed for physical features and existing environmental scenario. The baseline environmental status with respect to various environmental components like meteorology, air, noise, water, land, flora and fauna and socioeconomic, being integral part of an EIA, forms the basis for predicting/assessing the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The area was surveyed around the stations Chorbhatti, Nowagaon , Churri, and Birkona The field survey has been done for summer season Based on these primary and secondary data, the existing environmental scenario around the proposed terminal is covered in this chapter.

3.1 METEOROLOGY

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The collection and analysis of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected over long and short periods.

Since, the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable data collected very close to the site.

Historical climatological data on meteorological parameters (for the period 1951-1980) were recorded at Raigarh Observatory, Chhattisgarh, located at latitude 21° 53’N and longitude 83°23’E. The data have been used to establish general synoptic regime of the study area while meteorological data recorded at site during the monitoring period used for interpretation of the baseline scenario as well as for prediction model for ambient air quality.

3.1.1 Synthesis of Data on Climatic Conditions 3.1.1.1 Summary of Climatological Observations

Table 3.1 presents the summary of climatological observations recorded at Raigarh Observatory during 1951-1980, with respect to significant parameters. The observatory records the meteorological parameters twice a day at 08.30 and 17.30 hours IST. The temporal distributions of maximum-minimum temperatures, rainfall and wind speed are presented in the table.

3.1.1.2 Summary of Meteorological Observations at Raigarh Observatory

Temperature The annual temperature varies from 45.9°C to 8.6°C maximum in the month of May and minimum in the month of January.

Relative Humidity



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16

The annual relative humidity of the area varies from 20% to 86%, the lowest being in the month of April and maximum in the month of August. The annual mean varies from 62% to 47%.

Rainfall The annual total rainfall is 1602.3 mm with about 69.4 rainy days in a year. The rainiest month is July with 18.5 rainy days and the driest month is December& November.

Wind Speed Analysis of wind records during 1951–1980 shows that the winds are generally light to moderate in this area. It can be seen that the annual mean wind speed is 4.8 km/h. The strongest winds are observed during month of June i.e. summer and the weakest the month of December.



Page 17 of 79

Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

Chapter 3: Description of Environment

Table 3.1: Climatological Table of Raigarh Observatory (1951-1980)

MONTH

AIR TEMPERATURE

RAINFALL

MEAN Extremes Humidity CLOUD AMOUNT

Dry Bulb

Wet Bulb

Daily Max

Daily Min

Highest in the Month

Lowest in the Month

Highest Date and

Year Lowest

Date and Year

Relative humidity

Vapour Pressure

All Clouds Low

Clouds Monthly

Total

No. of Rainy Days

Total Wettest

Month with Year

Total Driest Month

With Year

Heaviest Fall in 24

Hours

Date and Year

Mean Wind Speed

January I 17.4 13.4 28.3 13.2 31.2 8.6 33.4 07 1973 6.8

22 1963

61 12.3 1.8 0.6 11.2 0.9 49.1 1953 0.0 39.4 21

1953 3.5

II 25.3 17.0 40 12.8 1.8 0.6

February I 20.6 15.0 31.6 16.0 35.8 11.0 38.2 22 1967 8.2

02 1967

53 12.7 1.6 0.5 15.7 1.4 76.2 1958 0.0 29.0 01

1973 4.1

II 29.1 18.0 30 11.8 1.6 0.5

March I 25.9 17.5 36.0 20.4 40.4 15.6 43.0 29 1972 12.5

04 1965

41 13.4 2.0 0.6 22.4 1.9 143.5 1967

0.0 61.0 28

1951 4.7

II 33.8 19.8 23 11.9 2.0 0.4

April I 31.0 20.9 40.3 25.1 43.8 20.7 46.0 26 1973 16.8

26 1963

38 16.6 2.5 0.4 13.8 1.2 78.0 1977 0.0 58.4 06

1977 5.1

II 38.1 21.7 20 12.6 2.9 0.7

May I 33.7 23.4 42.6 28.0 45.9 23.6 48.3 08 1973 20.0

15 1976

40 20.1 2.7 0.3 17.5 2.0 74.4 1977 0.0 40.4 29

1956 5.9

II 40.3 23.2 21 14.8 3.4 0.9

June

I 30.7 25.0 38.0 27.1 44.1 23.1 47.2 06 1955 19.5 19

1963 63 26.9 5.8 3.1 199.0 9.3

543.7 1961

49.2 1957

212.4 29

1978 6.7

II 34.6 25.3 50 24.6 6.2 3.3

July I 27.0 25.1 31.6 24.7 35.7 22.4 38.5 06 1966 19.8

29 1968

85 30.2 7.3 6.1 453.8 18.5 952.7 1961

131.6 261.0 10

1958 6.3

II 29.1 25.7 76 30.3 7.3 5.4

August

I 26.9 25.1 31.1 24.7 34.3 22.6 37.0 01 1972 19.5 20

1975 86 30.4 7.2 6.1 494.5 17.7

813.5 1973

117.2 1965

315.2 25

1970 5.9

II 28.8 25.7 78 30.6 7.3 5.1

September I 27.5 25.0 32.2 24.5 34.8 22.5 38.0 01 1969 20.4 29

1963 81 29.7 5.8 4.1 287.2 12.0

886.2 1961

79.9 1974

212.3 14

1961 4.7



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Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

Chapter 3: Description of Environment

MONTH

AIR TEMPERATURE

RAINFALL

MEAN Extremes Humidity CLOUD AMOUNT

Dry Bulb

Wet Bulb

Daily Max

Daily Min

Highest in the Month

Lowest in the Month

Highest Date and

Year Lowest

Date and Year

Relative humidity

Vapour Pressure

All Clouds Low

Clouds Monthly

Total

No. of Rainy Days

Total Wettest

Month with Year

Total Driest Month

With Year

Heaviest Fall in 24

Hours

Date and Year

Mean Wind Speed

II 29.2 25.5 73 29.5 6.3 3.5

October

I 26.2 22.4 32.4 22.0 34.8 17.8 37.1 11 1976 14.6 29

1960 71 24.1 3.1 1.5 49.1 3.7

140.2 1955

0.0 83.6 14

1966 3.9

II 29.3 23.3 59 23.7 3.3 1.4

November I 22.0 17.4 30.3 17.1 32.8 13.1 36.5 23 1979 9.3

30 1970

61 16.3 2.0 0.4 3.7 0.4 21.2 1978

0.0 13.5 20

1974 3.4

II 26.8 19.4 47 16.6 2.1 0.6

December I 18.0 14.0 28.2 13.3 30.9 9.5 33.0 04 1962 6.4

24 1959

62 12.8 1.7 0.3 4.1 0.4 65.5 1967

0.0 27.3 11

1967 2.9

II 24.4 17.1 44 13.6 1.8 0.3

Annual Total Or Mean

I 25.6 20.4 33.6 21.3 46.1 8.1 48.3 6.4 62 20.5 3.6 2.0 1602.3 69.4 2973.8 957.3 315.2 4.8

II 30.7 21.8 47 13.6 3.8 1.9 1961 1965


For Proposed POL Terminal At Korba, Chhattisgarh

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3.1.2 Methodology of Data Generation

During study, a continuous automatic weather monitoring station was established at site to record wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature. Atmospheric pressure was recorded twice a day at 08.30 and 17.30 hrs. Cumulative rainfall was monitored by rain gauge on daily basis. This station was in operation in summer season.

The methodology adopted for monitoring meteorological observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards and the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Hourly maximum and minimum values of wind speed, direction and temperature are recorded continuously at site. The brief details of instruments, parameters and frequency are presented in Table 3.2.

3.1.3 Meteorological Observation at Site

A fully instrumented continuous recording meteorological observatory is established and operated at project site during summer season. The parameters are being monitored at site is given in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Instruments, Parameters and Frequency For

Meteorological Monitoring At Site S.N. Parameters Instruments Frequency

1 Wind Speed

Automatic Weather station (Envirotech WM 251)

Continuous Automatic 1 hourly Average

2 Wind Direction

3 Ambient Temperature

4 Max. & Min

Temperature Wet & Dry Bulb Thermometer

Daily at 08:30 & 17:30 IST

5 Humidity Hygrometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30

IST

6 Atmospheric Pressure Aneroid Barometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30

IST

7 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily

8 Storm Visual observation Daily

The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during the study period. The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 3.3.



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Table 3.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at Site

Month

Temperature, °C

Relative Humidity, %

Rainfall

Monthly Mean Atm Pressure, hPA

Wind Spee

d, km/hr

Predominant wind

direction

Min Max At

5.30 At

7:30 Rainy Days

Total Rainfall, mm

At 08:30

At 17:30

Mean

April,2011

30.3 37.8 39 24 1 10.8 987.1 968.7 4.9 SW

May,2011

34.6 42.4 44 23 2 13.7 979.5 974.2 5.8 SW

June,2011

32.8 40 68 52 6 150 976.5 964.3 6.4 SW

Ambient Temperature The observed seasonal minimum and maximum was 30.3

0C and 42.4

0C respectively.

Relative Humidity The seasonal minimum and maximum relative humidity during the study period was 24% and 68 % respectively. Barometric Pressure The minimum and maximum monthly atmospheric pressure was 964.3 hPA and 987.1 hPA, respectively at 17.30hrs and 08:30hrs. Rainfall The total monthly rainfall during the study period was 174.5 mm. Wind Speed Analysis of hourly wind speed shows that the winds are generally light to moderate in this area. The monthly mean wind speed varied from 4.9 to 6.4 km/hr respectively. Wind Pattern The windrose diagram for the monitoring period has been drawn on the basis of hourly wind speed and direction data. During this month the wind directions were predominant from SW. The wind rose for the monitoring period shown below:



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Figure 3.1: Wind rose at the proposed POL Terminal site for the month of April 2011.



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Figure 3.2: Wind rose at Proposed POL Terminal Site for the month of May,

2011



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Figure 3.3: Windrose at Proposed POL Terminal Site for the month of June,

2011



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3.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at five locations within the 15km radius around the proposed site of POL Terminal project, to know the existing background ambient air quality. The purpose of the estimation of background pollutant concentration was to assess the impact of the proposed project on the ambient air quality within the region based on the activities of the proposed project. The parameters chosen for assessment of air quality were PM10, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-methane HC) and VOCs.

3.2.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study PM10, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Hydrocarbons and VOC’s were the major pollutants associated with proposed project.

3.2.1.1 Sampling Locations, Parameters and Frequency

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM 10, sulphur di-oxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (HC) and VOCs at five locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatological data of Raigarh observatory.

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

Topography of the study area;

Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status; and

Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas.

The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the proposed project site is given in Table 3.4 and shown in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.4: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Sl. No Location Codes Distance (Km) Direction

1 Project site

(Terminal) A -1 0.0 0.0

2 Chorbhatti A -2 2.0 NE

3 Nowagaon A-3 1.5 NE

4 Birkona A -4 2.5 SW

5 Churri A -5 4.0 NW

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24 hour basis with a frequency of twice a week during the monitoring period during summer season at all five locations.



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Figure 3.4 Air Monitoring Locations



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3.2.1.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, HC & VOCs. Table 3.5 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these parameters.

Table 3.5: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Parameters

Technique

Technical Protocol

Minimum Detectable Limit

(ug/m3)

PM10 Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric method)

CPCB Guidelines 10.0

Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 5.0

Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 5.0

Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-Methane)

Gas Chromatograph (FID Detector)

Is-5182 (Part-XXI) 0.1 ppb

VOCs Activated Charcol method (GC FID Detector)

EPA TO-17 1 mg/m3

Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute. PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-VI, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been prepared for all gaseous pollutants.

3.2.2 Presentation of Results

The results of ambient air quality monitoring during the summer season are presented in Table 3.6. Various parameters like maximum and minimum have been computed from the monitored data for all the locations and results presented.



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Interpretation of Ambient Air Quality Data

- PM10 The monitoring results of PM10 are presented in Table 3.6. The monthly minimum and maximum PM10 concentrations during the study period were 53.6 µg/m

3 71.3 µg/m

3 respectively.

Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Status with respect to PM10

Location Name Code Concentration, µg/m

3

Min. Max.

Project site

(Terminal) A -1 55.0 70.1

Chorbhatti A -2 58.0 68.1

Nowagaon A-3 53.6 70.0

Birkona A -4 55.8 69.6

Churri A -5 57.5 71.3

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2 ) The monitoring results of sulphur dioxide are presented in Table 3.7 The minimum and maximum sulphur dioxide concentrations during the study period were 9.4 µg/m

3 and 22.3 µg/m

3 respectively.

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Status with respect to Sulphur Dioxide

Location Name Code Concentration, µg/m3

Min. Max.

Project site

(Terminal) A -1 9.4 19.4



Birkona A -4 13.8 22.3

Churri A -5 11.4 20.2

- Nitrogen Oxides (NOx ) The monitoring results of NOx are presented in Table 3.8. The minimum and maximum NOx concentrations during the study period were 14.9 µg/m

3 and

24.3 µg/m3 respectively.

Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Status with respect to Nitrogen Oxides

Location Name Code Concentration, µg/m

3

Min Max

Project site

(Terminal) A -1 17.9 22.4



Birkona A -4 17.1 23.4

Churri A -5 16.8 22.6

- Total Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-Methane)



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The monitoring results of HC are presented in Table 3.9. The minimum and maximum HC concentrations during the study period were 2.2 ppm and 5.8 ppm, respectively.

Table 3.9: Ambient Air Quality Status with respect to Total Hydrocarbon

Location Name Code Concentration, ppm

Min Max

Project site

(Terminal) A -1 3.0 4.8



Birkona A -4 2.2 5.1

Churri A -5 3.2 5.8

- VOCs VOCs during the monitoring period were found below detection limit.

3.3 NOISE

Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear. The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.

3.3.1 Objective

The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise levels in different zones. i.e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.

3.3.2 Methodology

Identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry, commercial shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and sensitive areas like hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway noise. The noise monitoring was conducted at 6 locations in the study area during summer season. 6 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise. The noise monitoring locations are given in Table 3.10 and the locations are depicted in Figure 3.5.



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Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.

Instrument used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet (Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighting set the sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations.

Table 3.10: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area Code Locations Direction Distance in (km)

N1 Project site (Terminal)

0.0 Core Zone

N2 Novagaon 1.5 NE

N3 Churi 4.0 NW

N4 Birkona 2.5 SW

N5 Jel 2.0 SE

There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free field, near field and far field.

Free Field The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound pressure level decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled. Near Field The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source. Far Field The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the source.



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Fig: 3.5 Noise Monitoring Location



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3.3.3 Parameters Measured

The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight. Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly. However, Leq can also be calculated using the following equation:

Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)2 / 60

where,

L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of measurement. L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of measurement. L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of measurement. Lday : This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly Leq’s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m Lnight: This represents Leq of night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly Leq’s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.

Method of Monitoring Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval. During each hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting and in fast response mode.

3.3.4 Result

The noise level parameters Lday (Ld) & Lnight (Ln) at all the locations are presented in Table 3.11.

Table 3.11: Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area

S.No. Location Code Category Ld Ln Remarks 1 Project site

(Terminal) N1

Industrial 62.6 57.3 Within Limits

2 Novagaon (Market) N2 Commercial 54.6 40.2 Within Limits

3 Churi (School) N3 Silent 48.5 37.6 Within Limits

4 Birkona N4 Residential 52.7 41.8 Within Limits

5 Jel N5 Residential 53.3 41.2 Within Limits

3.3.5 Noise Standards

The noise qualities standards as per MoEF have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 3.12 describes ambient noise standards.

Table 3.12: Noise Quality Standards



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Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A), Leq

** Day time #Night time

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silence Zone @ 50 40

* As per Environment (Protection) Act 1986 and its subsequent amendments. **Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m. #Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.

@ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent authority; Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.

3.3.6 Results and Discussion

The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 3.11. The daytime Leq (Ld) varied from 48.5 to 62.6 dB (A) and the nighttime Leq (Ln) from 37.6 to 57.3 dB (A) within the study area. Project site has high noise level due to procximity with highway.

3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 3.4.1 Ground Water Hydrology

The district is underlain by Bastar gneiss of Archaean age. Rocks belonging to Chottanagpur gneissic complex overlie these rocks. They are overlain by sedimentary formations of upper Proterozoic known as Chhattisgarh Super Group consisting of limestones, siltstones, shales, sandstone and marlstone. Gondwana group of rocks belonging to carboniferous to lower cretaceous age viz. Sandstone. Siltstone, conglomerate, shales’s, coal seams and thin bands of fireclay occur in the area. Recent to sub-recent alluvial deposits and laterite also occur at places in the district. The ground water occurs under phreatic, semi-confined and confined conditions. Ground water movement in them is controlled by the inter granular pore spaces in the shallow weathered zones and joints, fractures and caverns in deeper horizons. Shale beds in Gondwana formation act as confining layers and help to form different aquifer system. The depth to water level varies from 3.42 to 11.58 mbgl during pre-monsoon period and from 0.72 to 10.26 mbgl during post-monsoon period in the shallow aquifers. The long term (decadal) trend analysis of water level indicates that about 7% of the wells in pre monsoon and 14% of the wells in post monsoon period show a significant (20 cm/year) falling trend. The chemical quality of the ground water in both shallow aquifers as well as deeper aquifers is good and suitable for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. (Source: CGWB).

3.4.2 Selection of Sampling Locations

The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area was



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conducted by collecting water from ground water sources and surface water sources during monitoring season. The sampling locations were identified on the basis of their importance. Four ground water samples and one surface water samples were collected. The locations of sampling stations for ground water and surface water are shown in Figure 3.6. Details of sampling locations, their distance and direction from the proposed plant site are presented in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13: Water Quality Sampling Locations

Station Code

Location Locations with respect to site Description

Distance ( Km) Direction

GW1 Project site 0.0 origin Ground Water

GW2 Birkona 2.5 SE Ground Water

GW3 Churri 4.0 NW Ground Water

GW4 Chorbhatti 2.0 NE Ground Water

SW 1 Hasdeo river 2.5 NE Surface Water

3.4.3 Methodology

Water samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analysed for relevant physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out as per established standard methods and procedures, prescribed by CPCB, relevant IS Codes and Standard Methods of Examination of Water. This report presents data for the monitoring season. Analyses of the parameters like temperature; pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were carried out at the sampling stations immediately after collection of samples with the help of Field Analysis Kits. For analysis of other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to laboratory at Noida. The metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, selenium, iron and manganese were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope.



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Fig: 3.6 Water Monitoring Locations

3.4.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality

The analysis data for the summer season is presented in Table 3.14 and Table 3.15. The physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are very good, conforming to drinking water standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water).



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Table 3.14: Ground Water Characteristics

Sl. No. Parameter Unit Desirable Limits Project site Birkona Churi Chorbhatti

1. Colour Hazen 5 <5 <5 <5 <5

2. Odour - UO UO UO UO UO

3. pH - 6.5-8.5 7.60 7.55 7.58 7.59

4. Temperature 0C -- - - - -

5. Turbidity NTU 5 <5 <5 <5 <5

6. Taste - - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

7. Conductivity mhos/cm -- 1496 854 1520 1560

8. Total Suspended Solids mg/l

<4 <4 <4 <4

9. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200 462 222 480 482

10. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500 972 556 988 1014

11. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 300 572 260 556 546

12. Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 307 146 296 296

13. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30 265 114 260 250

14. Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 144 58 142 148

15. Phosphate as PO4 mg/l - 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03

16. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 2.29 1.33 2.41 2.39

17. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 200 61 96 52 56

18. Sodium as Na mg/l - 76 69 88 102

19. Potassium as K mg/l - 10 07 11 12

20. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

mg/l - <4 16 16 24

21. Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD)

mg/l - <2 3 6 8



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Table 3.15: Surface Water Characteristics ( Hasdeo River)

Sl. No.

Parameter Unit Desirable Limits

Hasdeo Nadi

1. Colour Hazen 5 <5

2. Odour - UO UO

3. pH - 6.5-8.5 7.36

4. Temperature 0C -- 22

5. Turbidity NTU 5 <5

6. Taste - - Agreeable

7. Conductivity -- 192

8. Total Suspended Solids

mg/l --

12

9. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200 76

10. Total Dissolved Solids

mg/l 500 124

11. Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 300 62

12. Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 47

13. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30 15

14. Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 2.0

15. Phosphate as PO4 mg/l - 0.02

16. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 0.03

17. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 200 70

18. Sodium as Na mg/l - 11

19. Potassium as K mg/l - 3

20. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

mg/l - 24

21. Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD)

mg/l - 8



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3.5 SOIL

Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties, constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics.

The physico-chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 6 locations during the summer season with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc. The sampling locations have been selected to represent the study area.

3.5.1 Selection of sampling Locations

The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local distribution of vegetation and the agricultural practices. The sampling locations were mainly selected from agricultural field and proposed project site. The sampling locations are given in Table 3.16 and presented in Figure 3.7.

Table 3.16: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area

Station Code

Location Locations with respect to site Description

Distance( km) Direction

S1 Project site (Terminal)

0.0 origin Agricultural Field

S2 Chorbhatti 2.0 NE Agricultural Field

S3 Birkona 2.5 SW Agricultural Field

S4 Churi 4.0 NW Agricultural Field

S5 Nawagaon 1.5 NE Agricultural Field

3.5.2 Methodology

The soil samples were collected in the monitoring season. The samples collected from the all locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 5 sub locations were identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.



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Fig: 3.7 Soil Monitoring Locations

3.5.3 Physiochemical Characterization of Soil

Physical Properties The results of physical analysis of the soil samples are presented in Table 3.17.The soil moisture varied from 0.72–2.23%, while bulk density varied between 1.54 to 1.61. Table 3.17: Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area

Location Name CODE Texture Sand

% Silt %

Clay %

Moisture (%)

Bulk Density

Project site (Terminal) S1

Sandy Loam 75 12 8 1.65 1.55

Chorbhatti S2

Sandy Loam 77 15 8 1.78 1.61

Birkona S3

Sandy Loam

73 16 11 2.23 1.56

Churi S4

Sandy Loam 76 11 13 0.72 1.54



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Nawagaon S5

Sandy Loam

71 20 9 0.96 1.58

Chemical Properties

The results of chemical analysis of the soil samples are presented in Table 3.18. The pH varied from 6.65 to 7.55 indicating slightly acidic. The conductivity varied

from 187 to 278 mhos/cm. The average concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium in the soil samples varies from 1.2 to 2.24, 29.2 to 65.2 mg/100gm & 0.2 to 0.4 mg/100gm respectively. The organic matter content of soil varied from 0.7 to 1.2%. The average sodium absorption ratio was 0.3, which is much below the value 9 where after the permeability of soil is affected.

Table 3.18: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area Parameters Location

S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5

pH 6.8 6.65 7.51 7.55 7.43

Conductivity (mhos/cm) 243 187 212 278 257

Organic Matter (%) 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9

Calcium, meq/100g 1.23 1.79 2.0 2.0 2.4

Magnesium, meq/100g 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.3

Sodium, mg/100g 10.6 11.0 1.12 1.14 11.5

N, mg/100g 2.3 1.2 2.0 2.2 2.24

P, mg/100g 64.9 59.2 63.2 65.2 29.2

K, mg/100g 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

CEC meq/100gm 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

SAR 0.36 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Thus, the overall fertility status of the soils within the study area, is reasonably good ans are not expected to be detrimental to the growth of agricultural and forest crops.

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The proposed site is located near Korba and has vegetation cover. The area having scattered bushes and grassy meadow. .The purpose of generation of baseline data on biological environment within the study area of 5 km. radius around the proposed project site.

The following objectives were considered.

To prepare a checklist of plants and animals

To assess the status of forest cover area and their productivity.

To assess the status of agriculture activity of the area

To assess the distribution pattern of water bodies (e.g. river, ponds ditch and reservoirs) and their biotic communities.

To assess the predictable impact of proposed project.

Finally to formulate the EMP of the proposed project for the purpose of mitigation of adverse effects that may arises out of proposed project activities.



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3.6.1 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 3.6.1.1 Flora

The prevailing climatic conditions are favourable for growing a wide range of herbs, shrubs, and also flowering and non-flowering trees. Few important varieties of non-fruit bearing trees are Sal (Shorea robusta) is the predominant species with Saja (Terminalia tomentosa) Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) Tendu (Diospyrox mclanoxylon), Mahua (Madhuca indica), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium) and Dhaura (Anogeissus latifolia) being the main associates. Sporadic growth of Bamboos occurs in the hilly areas.

Three types of ecosystem existed in study area.

Agro Ecosystem: There are number crops grown round the year in this area, which are shown in the Table as given below. The main crop is rice (Oryza sativa) within the study area. Vegetables are grown in small patches. The crop yield rate ranges between low to moderately high. Table3.19: list of crops grown in the region

a) Cereals Pre Kharif & Kharif 1. Rice

Kharif 2. Maize

Rabi 3. Wheat

b) Pulses Kharif 1. Arhar

2. Moong

3. Urd

4. Cowpea

5. Ricebean

Rabi 1. Gram

2. Maize

3. Sorghum

4. Wheat

5.Urad

6.Moong

7.Moth

c) Oilseeds Kharif 1. Groundnut

2. soybean

3. sunflowers

Rabi 1. Linseed

2. Niger (Ramtil)

3. Sesamum (Til)

4. Mustard

d) Commercial Crop Kharif 1. Rice

Rabi 1. Potato

Grassland Ecosystem: The population of a number of economic plants such as Saccharum species, Setaria pumila, Alpinia nigra, Hedychium spicatum and the major food plants like the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setaria_pumila

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setaria_pumila

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpinia_nigra&action=edit&redlink=1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedychium



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Zizania, Latifolia, Carex species, Coix species, Narenga has been grown in the area. .The list of commonly occurring plant species is given in Table.

Table 3.20: List of commonly occurring plant species

S No. Scientific Name(Common Name)

Family Growth Forms 01. Diospyros melanoxylon

Roxb(Tendu tree) Ebenaceae Tree

02. Emblica officinalis (Amla) Phyllanthaceae Tree

03. Sizygium cumini (Jamun) Myrtaceae Tree

04. Tamarindus indica(Tamarind) Papilionaceae Tree

05. Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae Tree

06. Shorea robusta(Sal) Dipterocarpaceae Tree

07. Albizzia lebeck (Siris) Mimosae Tree

08. Carica papaya (papaya) Caricaceae Tree

09. Sida cordifolia Malvaceae

Tree

10. Vicoa indica Compositae

Tree

11. Prosopis juliflor(Bilati Babul) Mimosae Tree

12. Pongamia pinnata (Karang) Papilionaceae Tree

13. Terminalia Chebula(Harra) Combretaceae Tree

14. Ficus bengalensis(Bat) Moruceae Tree

15. Ficus religiosa (Asatha) Moruceae Tree

16. Terminalia Belerica(Bhera) Combretaceae Tree

17. Terminalia tomentosa(saja) Combretaceae Tree

18. Beutia monosperma(Palash) Fabaceae Tree

19. Psidium guava(Guava) Myrtaceae Tree

20. Syzygium cumini(Jamun) Myrtaceae Tree

21. Schleichera oleosa (kusum) Sapindaceae Tree

22. Semicarpus anacardium(bhelwa)

Anacardiaceae Tree

23. Madhuca Indica(Mahua) Sapotaceae Tree

24. Aegle marmelos Rutaceae

Tree

25. Azadirachta indica Meliaceae

Tree

26. Eragrostis japonica Poaceae

Grass

27. Cyanodactylon sp Poaceae

Grass

28. Dichanthium annulatum

Poaceae

Grass

29. Apluda mutica

Poaceae

Grass

30. Cenchurus ciliaris

Poaceae

Grass

31. Themeda ciliata

Cyperaceae

Grass

32.. Sapindus trifoliatus Sapindaceae Herb

33. Michelia champaca Magnoliaceae Herb

34.. Michelia montana Magnoliaceae Herb

35. Calotropis gigantea Apocynaceae Herb

36. Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Herb

37. Ipomoea digitata Convolvulaceae Herb

38. Chlorophytum borivilianum Liliaceae Herb

39. Pluchea lanceolata Compositae Herb

40. Sesamum indicum Pedaliaceae Herb

41. Mucuna prurita Fabaceae Shrub

42. Sesbania uliginosa Leguminosae Shrub

43. Sida acuta Malvaceae Shrub

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narenga

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CDEQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iloveindia.com%2Findian-herbs%2Fterminalia-belerica.html&rct=j&q=Bahera%20&ei=kOr-TfLXI8rSrQfBwIyMCg&usg=AFQjCNHLH9oiNsK-nYAeRQpYziu1a68wIA&cad=rja

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapindaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnoliaceae



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S No. Scientific Name(Common Name)

Family Growth Forms 44. Aeschynomene indica Linn Papilionoideae Shrub

45. Urena lobata-L Malvaceae Shrub

46. Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Shrub

47. Rauvolfia sarpentina Apocynaceae Shrub

48. Aloe barbadensis Linn Xanthorrhoeaceae

Shrub

3.6.1.2 Fauna

The green Indian state of Chhattisgarh boasts a total of 3 National Parks and 11 Wildlife Sanctuaries known for their exceptional natural beauty and the unique and diverse flora and fauna. Wild animals like Barasinghas, Tigers, Leopards, Gaurs (Indian Bison), Nilgai, Sambar, Chausingha (four-horned Antelope), Sloth Bear, Dhole (Wild Dog), Striped Hyena, Muntjac, Wild Boar, Flying Squirrel, Porcupine, Pangolins, Monkeys and Langurs etc.The commonly found reptiles in the park are Freshwater Crocodile, Monitor Lizard, Indian Chameleon, Common Krait, Indian Rock Python, Cobra and Russell's Viper to name a few. Sighting of wild animals in the study area is quite rare. No wild animals except langurs, monkeys, hare, jungle cat and rarely a deer species are seen in the study area. A list of birds, reptiles, amphibians and rodents based on information gathered from local enquiries and Forest department is presented in Table.

Table 3.21: List of Domestic Fauna (animals) observed in the Study Area

S. No. Common Name Zoological Name

Buffalo Bubalus indicus

Gaur Bos frontalis

Sheep Cains familieris

Goats Capra hircus

Horse Equus caballus

Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus

Cat Felis catus

Sheep Ovis aries

Pig Sus scrofa domestica

Table-3.22: Checklist of Birds reported within the Study Area

S. No. No.

Common Name

Scientific Name A. Birds

1. Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda

2. Magpie Robin Copsychus Cebuensis

3. Lesser Whistling Teal Dendrocygna javanica

4. Pintail Anas bahamensis

5. Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis

6. Racket tailed Drongo Dicrurus Paradiseus

7. Hill Mayna Gracula religiosa

8. White eyed Buzzard Butustur teesa

9. Red headed Falcon Falco chiquerra.

10. Pond Heron Ardeola grayii

11. Cattle Egert Babuluus ibis

12. Little Egert Egretta garzetta

18. Red headed Vulture Sarcigypus calvia.

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCgQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fgpitta.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F02%2Fgrey-treepie.html&rct=j&q=scientific%20name%20of%20Tree%20Pie&ei=Nc3-TbTPCIbqrAfX88XVDw&usg=AFQjCNHIWF6h3-rPTOKwps5kslIIMhvqxQ&cad=rja



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13. Painted Spurfowl Galloperdix houdata.

14. Plumheaded parakeet Psittiacula cynocephla

15. Indian Robin Saxicoloidesfulicata.

16. Teetar Francolinus pondicerianus

17. Coppersmith Megalaima Haemacephala

18. Pheasant Phasianus colchicus

19. Parrot Psittacula Krameri

20. Bulbul Pycnonotous atriceps.

21. Peafowl Pavo cristatus

22. Lesser kestrel Falco naumanni

23. Green munia Amandava formosa

24. Long billed Vulture Gyps indicus

25. Oriental white backed vulture Gyps bengalensis

26. Greater grey-headed Fish eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus

Table-3.23: Checklist of Wild animals reported in Korba District.

S.No. No.

Common Name

Scientific Name 1. Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus

2. Tiger Panthera tigris

3. Flying squirrel Glaucomys volans

4. Jackal Canis aureus

5. Four-horned Antelopes Tetracerus quadricornis

6. Leopards Panthera pardus

7. Chinkara Gazella bennettii

8. Blackbuck Antilope cevricapra

9. Jungle Cat Felis chaus

10. Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak

11. Porcupine Erythizondorsatum

12. Monkey Catrol Vancliechin

13. Bison Bison bison

14. Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena

15. Wild Dogs Lycaon pictus

16. Chital Axis axis

17. Sambar Cervus unicolor

18. Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus

19. Gaur Bos gaurus

20. Wild Boar Sus scrofa

21. Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta

22. Langurs Presbytis entellus

Table-3.24: Checklist of Reptiles, Amphibians and Rodents reported within the

Study Area

S.No. Common Name

Scientific Name 1 Bengal cobra Naja kaouthia

2 Common kukri snake Oligodon arnensis

3 Checkered keelback watersnake

Amphiesma stolata

4 Common krait Bungarus caeruleus



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5 King cobra Ophiophagus hannah

6 Rock python Python molurus

7 Russell’s viper Vipera russellii

8 Reticulated python python reticulatus

9 Rat snake Ptyas mucosus

10 Monitor Lizard Varanus Indicus

11 Grayish-brown gecko Hemidactylus garnotii

12 Common Bengal monitor Varanus bengalensis

13 Common Indian skink Mabuya carinata

14 Dotted garden skink Lygosoma punctata

15 Indian water monitor Varanus salvator

16 Garden lizard Calotes sp

17 Ticticky house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus

Amphibian

18 Frog Rana cynophlyctis

19 Rodent

20 Bandicoot rat Bandicota indica

21 Mouse Mus muscatus

22 House rat Ratus ratus

23 Squirrel Ratufa indica

Most of the species were reported in forest areas except langurs, hare and rodents in the project site.

3.6.1.2 Wildlife Sanctuary and Forest

No wild life sanctuary is situated within 15 Km. radius.

3.6.2 AQUATIC ECOLOGY

The main river which is flowing through Korba district is the Hasdeo river start from Pathar in the Valley of Chhota Nagpur. The total length of this river is 233 kms. Its tributaries are Gagechorai, Tan and Ahiran. The water samples collected from Hasdeo River for analysis

Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Fishes are indicators of aquatic environment and there occurrence is affected due to environmental stress. The quality and quantity of such biological species in a particular environment largely depends on various physio-chemical characteristics of water such a pH, conductivity, nutrients, BOD, alkalinity etc. Diversity is an index to measure the level of pollution. With increasing levels of pollution, species diversity of these communities decreases.

The biotic components like macrophytes, planktons and aquatic fishes are specially studied during the present study are depicted in the Tables.

Table 3.25: Checklist of Fish reported in Water Bodies of Korba.

11.5

Species Scientific name

1. Catla Catla Catla

2. Rohu Labeo rohita

3. Calbasu Labeio calbase

4. Mrigala Cirrihinus mirigale

5. Cave catfish Clarias cavernicola



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6. Walking catfish batrachus

7. Catfish Rita rita

8. Stinging catfish Heteropneuptus fonilis

9. Grey Feather back Notopterus nontopterus

10. Clown Knife-fish N. Chitala

11. Giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

12. Indian freshwater prawn Macrobrachium

malcolmsonii

13. Green snakehead Channa punetatus

14. Striped bristletooth Tang C. striatus

3.6.2.1 Macrophytes

The surrounding area rich in biological diversity comprises of aquatic macrophytes of emergent, submergent, free-floating and rooted floating leaf types. The important vegetation of the phumdis recorded are Eichornia crassipes, Phragmites karka, Oryza sativa, Zizania latifolia, Cynodon spp., Limnophila spp., Sagitlaria spp., Saccharum latifolium, Erianthus pucerus, Erianthus ravennae, Lersi hexandra, Carex spp.; Phragmites karka is reported to be the dominant species. In the habitat patch with rooted floating plants, vegetation comprises the a) Nelumbo nucifera, b) Trapa natans, c) Euryale ferox, d) Nymphaea alba, e) N. nouchali, N. stellata and f) Nymphoides indica.

3.6.2.2 Plankton

Planktons found in surface water bodies of project influenced area and surrounding areas are:

Table 3.26: Planktons observed in Water Bodies

S. NO. Phytoplankton S. NO.

1. Anbaena sp. 10. Fragillaria sp.

2. Merismopedia 11. Cymbella sp.

Green algae 12. Pleuriosigma sp.

3. Zyqnema sp. 13. Navicula sp.

4. Sniropyra sp. Zooplanktons

5. Mouqetotia sp. 1. Centropages sp.

6. Cosmerium sp. 2. Brachionus sp.

7. Desmidium sp. 3. Hydracrina sp.

8. Pleurotamium sp. 4. Copepods

9. Diatoms 5. Cladocerans

10. Triploceras sp. 6. Naupilus

3.7 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

Demographic and socio-economic profile of the study area is based on Census Data for the year 2001 of district Korba of Chhitisgarh. The census data has been analyzed with respect to demographic profile, community structure, educational facilities, occupational structure and infrastructure facilities. Towns and villages with

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophytes

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eichornia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phragmites

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynodon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnophila_(plant)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carex

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phragmites

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea_alba

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nymphoides_indica&action=edit&redlink=1



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their major portions falling within the study area have been considered fully in the study, whereas those with their minor portions within the study area have not been considered

3.7.1 Demographic Profile of the Study Area Based on 2001 Census Data Population

There are about 54 villages falling under the study area (10 km radius of the project site). The total population of these villages as per Census of 2001 is 107534. The percentages of male, female population and sex ratio are 52%, 48% and 1000 (Males): 962 (females), respectively. There are about 21506 households in the study area. The average family size is about 5 persons per house.

3.7.1.1 Social Structure

The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 0.98% of the total population out of which male SC population is 50% and female SC population is 50%. The Schedule Tribe (ST) population in the study area is 51.7% of the total population comprising of 49% male.

3.7.1.2 Literacy

The total number of literates within the study area is 64520 (60%). The percentage of male and female literacy to the total literate population is 60% and 40%, respectively.

TABLE 3.27: Demographic Characteristics of the study area for the year 2001

S. No. Particulars 2001

1 Total No. of House Holds 21506

2

Total Population Male (% of area population) Female (% of area population)

107534 52.00 48.00

3 SC (% of area population) 0.98

5 ST ((% of area population) 51.7

6 Literates (% of area population) 60.00

3.7.2 Socioeconomic Profile of the Study Area (Based on 2001 Census)

3.7.2.1 Occupational structure

The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers in the study area are 31% (33335), 5% (5376) and 64% (68823), (respectively of the total population. Main workers have been grouped into four categories namely: cultivators, agricultural labourers, household worker and other workers. These are discussed in the following sections.

Cultivators

The person who is engaged either as employer, single worker or family worker in cultivation of land owned is termed as cultivator. Total cultivators in study area are 4000(12% of main worker), out of which 72% are male and only 28% are female.



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Agricultural Labourers

Persons working on the land of others for wages or share in the yield have been treated as agricultural labourers. The total workers of this category are about 18334 (55% of main worker), out of which 73% are male and 27% are female.

Other Workers

The workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers, who have been engaged in some economic activity, include plantation workers, commerce, business, transport, mining, construction worker etc. The total number of other workers in the study area is 1668 (28% of main worker) out of which the male and female population is 90.00% and 10% respectively.

Marginal Workers

The marginal workers are those workers, who are engaged in some work for a period of less than six months, during the reference year prior to the census survey. Total number of marginal workers in study area is 5376, which is approximately 5% of the total population. The percentages of male and female marginal workers are 63% and 37% respectively.

Non-Workers

The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependants, beggars etc. The total number of non-worker population is 68823, which is 68% of the total population. In this category percentage of male is 40% and female is 60%.

3.7.3 Availability of Infrastructural Facilities & Amenities

A review of infrastructural facilities available in the area has been done on the basis of the information given in census data of 2001 of District Korba.

3.7.3.1 Educational Facilities Out of 56 villages of the study area, there are 64 primary/elementary schools, 18 middle schools, 7 senior secondary school, no colleges and 3 have Adult Literacy Center within the study area. The educational facilities within the study area are presented in Table 3.29

TABLE 3.28: Educational Facilities within the Study Area

Educational Facilities Number

Primary/Elementary School (P) 64

Middle school ( MSCH) 18

Matriculation/Secondary School ((S_SCH) 8

Senior Secondary school (SS_SCH) 7

College 0

Adult Training Center (ADLT_LT_CT) 3

(Source: Village Directory, Korba 2001)



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3.7.3.2 Medical Facilities

The status of medical facilities in the study area is given below in the Table 3.30

TABLE 3.29: Medical Facilities within the Study Area (Source: Villa((Source: Village Directory, Korba 2001)

3.7.3.3 Drinking Water

The number of villages having well, hand pumps and tube well supply in the study area are given in the Table 3.31 The major sources of drinking water are hand pumps, tap water and well water.

TABLE 3.30: Drinking Water Facility within the Study Area

Drinking Water Facilities Number of villages

Well Water (W) Nil

Hand Pump (HP) 23

Tube-Well (TW) 23

Tap Water Nill

Tank (TK) Nill

(Source: Village Directory, Korba, 2001)

3.7.3.4 Power Supply Electricity supply of the villages of the study area is very good. The number of villages having electricity for domestic, agricultural and for all purposes in the study area are presented in Table 3.32

TABLE 3.31: Electricity Facility within the Study Area

Categories Villages (%)

For domestic use 98%

For agricultural use 75%

For all use 75%


Medical Facilities Number

Allopathic Hospital Nil

Ayurvedic Hospital Nil

Homeopathic dispensary Nil

Allopathic Dispensary

2

Primary Health Sub-center (PHS) 3

Maternity and Child Welfare Center (MCW) 5

Primary Health Center (HC) 3

Registered Private Practitioner (RMP) 10

Subsidized Medical Practitioner (SMP) 10



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3.7.3.5 Post and Telegraph

The village coming in the study area has facility of post offices are given in Table 3.33

TABLE 3.32: Post & Telegraph Facility within the Study Area

Facilities Villages (%)

Post Office (PO) 98%

Phone 98%


However, during field investigation, the WLL facilities were found existing within the study area.

3.7.3.6 Transport

The mode of commuting in the study area is mainly bus services and other local transportation. Railway station is located within 11.5 km radius of the project site

3.8 Land Use Pattern of Study area based on Satellite Imagery (Year March 2011)

S.N. Class Area in Ha. % of the Study

Area

1. Agriculture 3818.914

48.63

(a) Cropped Land (with crop) 2147.01 27.34

(b) Cropped Land (without crop) 1671.904 21.29

2. Settlements (Residential) 1474.793 18.78

3. Forest/Plantation (Green Area) 1946.759

24.79

4. Waste Land 253.6519 3.23

5. Water bodies (pond/drain/distributaries

358.8821 4.57

Total 7853.00

148.63.00

Total Area (5 km) =7853.00ha



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Fig: 3.8 Satellite Imagery



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CHAPTER-4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The previous chapters describe probable impacts identification on each component of the environment and the compilation of the existing baseline data of those components. The quantification of likely impacts and their evaluation/assessment are discussed in succeeding paragraphs. Prediction of impacts is the most important component of an EIA study. Many scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts on physico-ecological and socio-economic environment. The prediction of the impacts helps to identify the gaps and implement Environmental Management Plan during and after the execution of the developmental activity to minimize the deterioration of environmental quality. In the present study, the most probable impact on various components of the surrounding environment viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic, due to the proposed development has been predicted.

4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT Emissions Sources during the Construction and Operational Phase The potential sources of air emissions during the construction and operational phase of the project will be as follows:-

1. Dust from earth works (during site preparation) 2. Emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines 3. Fugitive emissions from vehicles at site 4. Fugitive emissions during the loading/unloading of material at the site 5. Fugitive emissions during mixing of cement with other building materials

during development and construction activities 6. Air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons. The

pollutants of concerns are PM10, NOx, SO2, HC and VOC’s.

Potential Impacts Ambient air quality effects are normally assessed in relation to their potential to

cause: 1. Health deterioration and nuisance in local communities 2. Health deterioration amongst on site workers

Assessment of the impacts due to Dust Emissions During the excavation of channels, foundations, unloading of construction material, cement bags and mixing of cement with other building materials, fugitive dust emissions may be emitted at construction site. It may be noted that these emissions would be in the form of coarse particulate matter and will be settled down ultimately in the closed vicinity of construction site. Therefore, no significant impact is anticipated due to dust emission during development and construction phase. Assessment of the impact due to Diesel Generators



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Emissions from the DG set during construction phase may cause some localized impact on ambient air quality for short duration, as it will be operated in power failure only. It may be noted that the DG set power will be used to operate construction equipment only if required. Adequate height of stacks and acoustic erective will be provided to the DG set as per guidelines of CPCB to facilitate the dispersion of flue gases into the atmosphere.

4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Sources of noise during operational phases and their predicted impacts are discussed below:

4.3.1 Noise Generation During Operation

During operational phase, the noise is generated due to various equipments viz. pumps, DG sets, etc. Besides, road traffic will also contribute to the noise levels in the area.

4.3.2 Propagative Modeling

The sound power radiated by a source spreads in the space as the pressure waves travel outwards. Hence, it decreases with distance and also gets affected by environmental conditions. Prediction of anticipated noise levels is the most critical step in assessment of the impacts of any development on the noise environment. Two simple models for noise level predictions are point source and line source model. Point source Model Point source propagation can be defined as: P2 = P1 – 20 log (r2/r1) – Ae

Where, P1 = Sound level at station 1 P2 = Sound level at station 2 r1 = Distance of station 1 from source r2 = Distance of station 2 from source Ae = Attenuation by environmental factors If we take Ae = 0, then

P1 – P2 = 20 log (r2/r1) This means that for every doubling of distance, the sound level decreases by 6 dB (A). This point source relationship is called the inverse square law and applicable for single noise generating source. Line source Model Line source propagation occurs when there is a continuous stream of noise sources. Line source propagation prediction is as follows: P1 – P2 = 10 log (r2/r1)



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The decrease in sound level for each doubling of distance from a line source is 3 dB (A). When noise levels from a busy highway are considered, it is appropriate to utilize the highway as an infinite line source and consider a 3 dB(A) doubling distance propagation rate.

4.3.3 Impacts Due to Project

Simulation carried out for the proposed project with the help of above model indicates that the impact of noise levels would be restricted within the terminal limits and is of concern for work place environment rather than the outside terminal area. The monitored noise level in the vicinity of the terminal boundary shall be maximum, 72 dB(A), and minimum during day time, and 40 dB(A), and maximum, 65 dB(A), and minimum, 36 dB(A) during night time against National Ambient Noise Standards of 75 dB(A) for day and 70 dB(A) for night for the industrial zone. The noise level in the nearby residential localities was less than the industrial areas, as monitored during study. However, due to increased vehicular movement for loading and unloading during the operational phase of the proposed project, there might be some increase in the background noise levels. It may be further noted that these predicated noise levels did not account for any constructional hindrances in the way of these noise generating sources.

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

No waste water shall be generated because no industrial process is involved, as it is storage and marketing terminal. Domestic waste will be treated in septic tank and shall be discharged through soak pit. Oily waste water from washing of the facilities etc. will be treated in the oil -water separator. Oil water separator shall be in place and to be connected to tank-farm, TLF Gantry and Pump house. Domestic effluent will be treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. No effluent will be discharged outside the premises.

4.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

4.5.1 Impact on Soil

As discussed earlier there is no discharge of treated liquid effluent generated from the proposed terminal. Also effluent after treatment does not contain any harmful pollutants to deteriorate soil characteristics on percolation. During construction phase top soil management will be done and generated construction debris will be recycled and will be managed as per local municipal facilities.


The existence of certain type of flora and fauna is the result of a long drawn natural process involving complex interaction between the prevailing meteorological conditions (cumulative effect of various climatic parameters) and the location specific geo-topo features of the land mass in a particular region. The nature has an inbuilt and interwoven network of processes of major concern which are, otherwise, directly or indirectly interlinked with each other. Thus, any man-made alternation or



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deviation from the set natural course would obviously exert certain effects, which may be either positive or negative on the existing flora and fauna. Hence, the scope and relationship of the plants and animals with the surrounding environment has to be examined in the context of the man made project specific development, be it an industrial venture, irrigation works, transport communication network, urbanization project etc. Further, to circumvent the adverse effect, if any, it also becomes mandatory to make some conscientious approach or to foster a systematic understanding and the relationship between man made efforts and the environmental resources. As given below, the impacts have been categorized into two broad types, namely,

1. Those connected to construction phase and 2. Those likely to accrue after the project becomes operational.

4.6.1 Impact on Natural Resource Soil or Agricultural Land

In the post operational stage, no impact on the soils at site is envisaged .

4.6.2 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology (Flora and Fauna)

A common apprehension of setting-up a project or an industrial terminal at any place is the adverse impact on the wild life and the ecologically sensitive areas. Pertaining to the aforesaid project, extensive observations made so far have not revealed the existence of any endangered flora and fauna in the immediate surrounding of the project site and in a study area of 15 km radius. Hence, the possibility of adverse impact on the prevailing ecological environment was negligible.

4.6.3 Impact on Forest & Wild Life

There would not be any impact on the Forest and Wild life, as there is no wild life sanctury within 15 KM from the project site.

4.6.4 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

The study area as such did not have any significant water body. 4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Many major impacts associated with certain proposed actions are observed by changes in socio-economic factors in the project area and surrounding region. These changes may be beneficial or detrimental. Emphasis in this category of environment includes cultural, economic and basic human requirements like education, employment, health, water, power, transport and communication.

4.7.1 Impact on Cultural Resources

One of the major concerns associated with such an activity is related to the potential impact on cultural resources, which include architectural, historical and archaeological sites, as well as areas of unique importance due to their ecological, scientific, or geological importance. The sphere of cultural resources includes not only the precise limits of the project area, but also all surrounding lands (15 km radius from proposed terminal) on which the project may have a reasonably direct



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impact by modifying land use pattern or by opening areas for agriculture or for public use. Cultural resources are becoming more and more important with the growing realization that our environment and civilization are the products of history. Cultural resources are non renewable and this feature in itself is one reason that these resources are important. Impacts on cultural resources broadly include indentation, destruction, damage and disruption. Impacts can directly result from construction phase disturbances or indirectly as a result of land use changes, secondary growth and development. The study area primarily consists of agricultural land, apart from local village areas. Local resources of importance to ethnic groups, such as burial grounds and cemeteries or areas of unique religion importance such as temples, mosques etc. do not have any adverse impact, direct or indirect from the proposed terminal.

4.7.2 Impact on Economic Features

The overall economic impact due to the project is favorable as new areas adjoining the terminal for providing utilities and services to the workers and staff members shall also developed. This shall increase the overall income due to indirect business generated and also exchequers due to the project establishment.

Summary of the mitigation measures during construction of proposed terminal are tabulated as Table-4.1.

Table 4.1: Summary of Mitigation Measures

S. NO. Environmental

Component Anticipated Impact

Source of Impact

Mitigation Measures

Remarks

Construction Phase

1. Ambient Air Quality Minor impact at construction site premises. No negative impact outside site.

Dust emissions from excavation, air emissions from machinery and other construction activities at site.

Dust reduction measures such as road watering.

Periodic maintenance of construction equipment.

Use of Personal Protective Equipment

Impacts are temporary during construction phase. Impacts will be confined to short distances, as coarse particles will be settled within the short distance from activities.

2. Noise Environment Minor impact near noise generation sources inside premises.

No significant Impact on ambient noise levels in the surrounding area.

Noise generated form construction activities and operation of construction equipment and DG set.

Use of well maintained equipments.

Use of ear muffs/ear plugs by construction worker in high noise areas.

Temporary Impacts during construction phase.

No other high noise activities envisaged.

3. Water Quality No significant Surface runoff from project

Silt fences to reduce Impact will be



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negative Impact. site. Discharge of sewage from labor camp.

run-off temporary. Local labor will be employed to reduce size of labor camps. No perennial surface water resource adjacent to site.

4. Land Environment Minor negative impact

Excavation, construction debris, waste from labor camps.

Re-utilization and recycling of construction debris.

Waste will be collected and disposed as per local municipal facilities.

5. Aesthetics Minor negative Impacts

Construction activities and excavation

The impacts will be compensated by extensive tree plantation and gardening.

Short term impact restricted only in the initial stages of construction phase.

6. Biological No significant impacts

Due to plantation during development and construction phase positive impact

--- Tree plantation will be started during development phase.

7. Socio-economic Overall positive impact

Increased job opportunity for locals.

--- ---

4 Traffic Pattern Minor negative impact due to traffic at construction site

truck and tankers movement

Adequate parking space for trucks and tankers will be provided the site.

Operational Phase

1. Ambient Air Quality Minor negative impact

Particulate and gaseous emissions from vehicle movement Particulate and gaseous emissions from DG sets

Proper maintenance of internal roads,

Green Belt Development on periphery and open areas. Adequate stack height will be maintained.

---

2. Noise Environment Minor impact inside premises

Noise from vehicle.

Appropriate trees, which will act as noises barriers, will be planted in green belt area.

---

3. Water Quality No adverse Discharge of Minimal quantity of sewage will be

--



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impact sewage. generated within project premises and Storm water management will be followed.

4. Biological Positive impact --- Green belt area will be provided.

Landscaping will help in reducing adverse impacts on air and noise quality.


Increased job opportunity in terminal maintenance and ancillary services.

--- Positive and long term impact.

6. Traffic Pattern Less impact The proposed terminal is likely to add traffic flow on SH-10 and other approach roads to proposed terminal.

Traffic management practices will be employed when traffic is merging on main road from terminal.

Adequate parking space will be provided in the terminal.

---

7. Aesthetic Positive Impact Green belt area will be provided.

--- Help in improving general ambience of the area.



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CHAPTER-5: ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is just the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The resource management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-economical point of view while environmental management views the issue from the broader prospective of long term sustained development option, which ensures that the environment is not desecrated. For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring programme should be carried at Korba Terminal. The programme should include the following: - Environmental Monitoring - Personnel Training - Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures - Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management

Plan and other records

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the following aspects.

It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance. The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections, have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in chapter-4. Post study monitoring programme have been summed up in Table No. 5.1.



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Table 5.1: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Programme

Area of Monitoring

Number and Sampling locations

Frequency of Sampling

Parameters to be Analysed

Ambient Air Quality

3 stations within in the premises covering upwind &down-wind direction.

Once in three months. RPM, SO2 and NOx, HC and VOCs

Water 1 Ground water within the terminal

Twice in a year

Physical and Chemical parameters Bacteriological parameters

Heavy metals and toxic constituents

Soils 3 locations within plant premises.

Once in a year Physical and Chemical parameters, organic contents and heavy metals

Noise Within 2 location , 1 within the premises and 1 in near by village

Twice a year Sound Pressure Levels (Leq) during day and night times.

Stack Monitoring

Within the premises

Twice a year As per SPCB norms

5.2.1 Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality at the Terminal site should be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels of harmful pollutants in the atmosphere; Ambient air quality shall be monitored as per above table.

5.2.2 Surface Water Quality

Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There are no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of surface water in the vicinity of Terminal area during the operation is possible only in two forms:

Contamination of rain water passing through the proposed Terminal.

Surface water near the Terminal area (which should be generally sampled as per the information given in table no- 5.1 above.)

5.2.3 Ground Water Quality

Ground water quality is also required to be checked periodically to detect any contamination arising out of Terminal. Ground water near the Terminal area and nearby villages should be generally sampled as per above table and analyzed for



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physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters, including heavy metals and trace elements. One well could be selected for the ground water quality sampling.

5.2.4 Soil Quality Soil samples close to the Terminal shall be collected as per above table. The samples should be analyzed for physical and chemical parameters as well as organic and nutrient content and heavy metals. This would help to detect any contamination or build up of harmful or toxic elements due to leachate from the pollutants.

5.2.5 Noise Level

Ambient noise levels shall be monitored at terminal boundary in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for day time and night time Leq.

5.2.6 Stack Monitoring Stack monitoring will be done within terminal twice in a year.



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CHAPTER-6: PROJECT BENEFITS

6.1 IMPROVEMENT IN THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The project will improve supply position of the High Speed Diesel (HSD), Motor Spirit (MS) and Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) in Chhattisgarh state, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. The improved petroleum supply will have strong logistical support for delivering the products to customers at better quality and better price. Availability of product in vicinity of demand location will be reduced price. Delivery distance by tankers which in turn will reduce trucks on the road reducing the vehicular load on the already strained public roads, thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air pollution at local levels and also reduced probability of accidents on the roads due to less movement of tank trucks.

Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.

6.2 IMPROVEMENT IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

IOCL POL Terminal shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system etc.

6.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities, reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in service sector, although its magnitude will be much less.

The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.



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CHAPTER-7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a site specific plan developed to ensure that the project is implemented in an environmental sustainable manner. It is required to understand the potential environment risks arising from the proposed project and to ensure that appropriate actions are taken to properly manage the risks. Hence it needs to be an all encompass plan for which the developers, Government, regulating agencies like Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the population of the area need to extend their co-operation and contribution. The EMP is generally:

Prepared in accordance with rules and requirements of the MoEF and the State Pollution Control Board.

To ensure that the component of facility are operated in accordance with the design.

A process that confirms proper operation through supervision and monitoring.

A system that addresses public complaints during construction and operation of the facility and

A plan that ensures remedial measures is implemented immediately. It has been evaluated that the project area will not be affected significantly with proposed project. Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall Management Plan at the site level are elicited so as to improve the surrounding environment. The following mitigation measures are recommended in order to synchronize the economic development of the project area with the environmental protection of the region. The construction phase impacts are mostly short term, restricted to the plot area and not envisaged on the larger scale. In the operational phase the environmental impacts are due to continuous operation of the project, hence, the emphasis in the Environment Management Plan (EMP) is to minimize such impacts.

The emphasis on the EMP development is on the following: Mitigation measures for each of the activities causing the environmental impact. Monitoring plans for checking activities and environmental parameters and

monitoring responsibilities.

Role responsibilities and resource allocation for monitoring.

EMP includes four major elements:



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Commitment & Policy: The management will strive to provide and implement the Environmental Management Plan that incorporates all issues related to air, water, land and noise. Planning: This includes identification of environmental impacts, legal requirements and setting environmental objectives. Implementation: This comprises of resources available to the developers, accountability of contractors, training of operational staff associated with environmental control facilities and documentation of measures to be taken. Measurement & Evaluation: This includes monitoring, counteractive actions and record keeping. It is suggested that as part of the EMP, a monitoring committee should be formed by M/s IOCL comprising of the site in-charge/coordinator, environmental group representative and project implementation team representative. The committee’s role would be to ensure proper operation and management of the EMP including the regulatory compliance. Following sections describes the environment management plan proposed during construction and operation phases.

An environmental management plan (EMP) will be required to mitigate the predicted adverse environmental impacts during construction and operation phase of the proposed project and Under normal operation, the potential negative environmental impact of a proposed terminal is minimal. Moreover, IOCL has implemented various measures to further minimize the environmental impacts. The chapter describes the environmental management measures taken by IOCL to minimize the adverse impacts.

7.2 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has set standards with regard to the ambient air quality levels and emission levels.

Pollutants Time Weighted

Avg.

Concentration in ambient air

Industrial, Residential, Rural and other areas

Ecological Sensitive areas (Notified by Central Gov.)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), µg/m

3

Annual* 24 Hr**

50 80

20 80

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), µg/m

3

Annual* 24 Hr**

40 80

30 80

PM10, µg/m3 Annual*

24 Hr** 60 80

60 100



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One or more of the following measures may be implemented to minimize impacts on air quality during construction and operation of terminal project.

- It will be ensured that all the vehicles deployed for the project possess Pollution

under Control (PUC) Certificate. - All vehicles will be properly maintained to minimize emissions of contaminants, for

this necessary measure will be taken.

- A schedule for the operation of vehicles will be established to minimize to the extent practicable, the time of operation of emission sources.

- Wetting (sweeping or sprinkling) will be used, wherever practicable, to minimize

dust dispersion. - Toxic fumes releases from welding will be in minimal amount, however regular

ambient air monitoring will be done and necessary steps will be follow as per SPCB.

Good housekeeping, including regular maintenance of equipment and prompt replacement of leaking pump seals and pipeline valves are regularly carried out to reduce emissions to a minimum. Wherever uninterrupted power supply is available, the electrical motors are being used for pumping. This practice will be continued. Stacks are provided for releasing occasional emissions from the DG sets. The stacks for new DG sets at stations will be raised according to the following formula specified by CPCB.

H = h + 0.2 x kVA

Where, H is total height of stack required (m) H is the height (up to rooftop) of building (m) where DG set will be installed, and KVA is the total power generation capacity of the DG set.

7.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has set standards for ambient noise levels in various activity zones. Table 7.1 shows the standard of noise level in ambient air in different category. Suitable conditions will be incorporated in the construction contract agreement, to ensure compliance of these standards.

Table 7.1: Ambiant Noise Quality Standards

Area Code Category of Area Limit in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night Time

A Industrial area 75 70

B Commercial area 65 55

C Residential area 55 45

D Silence zone 50 40

Note 1 Day time is reckoned in between 6 am and 10 pm.



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Note2 Nighttime reckoned in between 10 pm and 6 am. Note 3 Silence zone is defined as areas up to 10 meters around such

premises as hospitals, education, institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority.

Note4 Mixed categories of areas should be declared as one of the four

above-mentioned categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standard shall apply.

The following measures need to be adopted to minimize the impact of noise during construction phase of the project.

Construction equipment shall be in good working conditions

Workers who are exposed to noise will be provided with hearing protection like earplug / muffs. Regular checkup of manpower exposed to noise.

Rotating of manpower exposed to noise.

Noise level very close to pump house likely to be high. Most of the pumps shall operate on remote within the pump house. Noise levels within control rooms are normal and well within maximum recommended limits. Nevertheless, the following measures need to be taken to reduce the noise further.

Providing ear muffles to employees who attend any work inside the pump house and

Growing trees in the green belt areas.

7.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

There is negligible chance of water pollution. As the total quantity of oily water, the effluents from proposed terminal are discharged to the Oil Water Seperator (OWS).

Oil free water should may be utilized for horticulture purposes and green belt development within the terminal to the extent possible.

Oil Water Seperator shall also be used to prevent any unintended oil in drain to flow out with Storm water.

During construction domestic waste will be treated and disposed as per local municipal facilities and in operation time it will as per local municipal facilities and in septic tank.

Rain water harvesting facilities will be maintained in the terminal.



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7.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

7.5.1 Top Soil Management

The topsoil present specifically around the terminal is required to be segregated. Topsoil is segregated as part of the trenching operation in wetlands, segregation is done prior to trenching. The Tops soil will be maintained within the Terminal area only in green belt area and for horticulture. The following practices, as regard to topsoil segregation will be adhered to during trenching.

Topsoil and subsoil will be segregated during trenching and stockpiled separately.

Topsoil should be removed to its actual depth or to a maximum of 30 cm as determined by HSE representative for the spread.

Topsoil shall not be used for padding, backfill or trench breakers, in the green belt.

Topsoil shall be stored on the non-traffic side of the trench.

After the completion of construction, topsoil will be spread in low lying area.

7.5.2 Solid Waste Management

Major solid wastes at terminal would be garbage and human excreta. Garbage is being collected every day and transferred to garbage bins or container carrier systems for quick removal as per municipal norms.

Domestic waste will be treated in septic tank and shall be discharged through soak pit.

Generated construction debris/ waste will be recycled and will be managed as per local municipal corporation, Korba.

There will be minimal amount of Biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, it will be disposed off as per MSW (Municipal Soild Waste) 2000.

7.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Proposed terminal will require a small number of workers to be employed by the contractor. The contractor shall mobilize local manpower and provide them clean and sanitation facilities. Supply of clean fuel such as PG/Kerosene to labourers for cooking shall also be encouraged so as to avoid loss of green cover and better occupational health of the workers during construction. During the operation phase, a small number of skilled and unskilled workers may get direct and indirect employment, which will have positive impact on society.

The other indirect employment opportunities in the area are also likely to be generated after the project implementation.



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Pertaining to the aforesaid project, extensive observations made so far have not revealed the existence of any endangered flora and fauna in the immediate surroundings of the project site and in a study area of 15 km radius. Hence, the possibility of adverse impact on the prevailing ecological environment was negligible.

There would not be any impact on the Forest and Wild life, as there is no wild life sanctuary within 10 KM from the project site.

The study area as such did not have any significant water body.

7.8 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the sources of pollution and surrounding areas. It will also help capture the fugitive emissions and improving the aesthetic. As per the land available the green belt will be proposed along the periphery of terminal. The following guidelines shall apply:

Seeding practices will be carried out in accordance with the agreed programme and under the supervision of the HSE Representative at all intermediate stations.

Vegetation mixture will be formulated for the condition of the area to be seeded (see the sub-section on species suggested).

Fertilizers will be used wherever necessary, again in consultation with the HSE Representative.

Vegetation Mix The vegetation mix will be decided upon taking into consideration indigenous plants, fast growing species. The nature of the soil also will be considered while deciding upon the mix. The following species of plants can be planted for permanent of temporary erosion control:

For Normal Soil

Grasses Legumes Cynondon dacrylon (Bermuda Grass) Smithia sensitive Cenchrus ciliaris Desmondium triflorum Apluda mutica Geissaspis cristata Paspalidium vaginatum Zornia diphylla Digitaria sp. Crotalaria sp. Isachne sp. Paspalum sp.

For Saline Soil

Ipomoea pescaprae (Creeper) Suaeda fruticosa (Straggler) Aleuopus lagopoldes (Grass) Sesuvium portulacastrum (Creeper)



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7.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

The persons-in-charge of the proposed terminal with the assistance of operation and maintenance engineers at respective stations presently look after environmental management. Technical officers of the terminal station regularly carry out the following:

Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.

Systematic and routine housekeeping at the terminal station.

Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to improve the performance. As part of company’s endeavor, the IOCL has been accredited with national and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under this following aspects are covered.

Reviewing the whole operation of terminal, once in every two years, to identify the environmental aspects.

Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment management.

Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management functions.

Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at terminal site.

Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at terminal through an external agency approved by SPCBs.



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CHAPTER-8:

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 8.1 OVERALL JUSTIFICATION FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT

In order to cater to the growing requirement of petroleum products, IOCL has been planned to construct storage and distribution facility at POL Terminal at District Korba, Chhattisgarh. IOCL will have strong logistical support for delivering the products to customers at better quality and better price. Availability of product in vicinity of demand location will reduce price. Delivery distance by tankers which in turn will reduce trucks on the road reducing the vehicular load on the already strained public roads. This will result in reduced air pollution and reduced probability of accidents on the roads due to less movement of tank trucks. The proposed products come under Class A for MS and Class B for HSD and SKO as per the classification of petroleum rules .The material safety data sheet of HSD and MS are given in the risk analysis report prepared for the project.

8.1.1 Overall Mitigation Measures & Environmental Management Plan

Table 8.1: Environmental Management Plan during Construction and Operational Phase

S. NO. Environmental Component

Anticipated Impact

Source of Impact

Mitigation Measures Remarks

Construction Phase

1 Ambient Air Quality Minor impact at construction site premises. No negative impact outside site.

Dust emissions from excavation, air emissions from machinery and other construction activities at site.

Dust reduction measures such as road watering.

Periodic maintenance of construction equipment.

Use of Personal Protective Equipment

Impacts are temporary during construction phase. Impacts will be confined to short distances, as coarse particles will be settled within the short distance from activities.

2 Noise Environment Minor impact near noise generation sources inside premises.

No significant Impact on ambient noise levels in the surrounding area.

Noise generated form construction activities and operation of construction equipment and DG set.

Use of well maintained equipments.

Use of ear muffs/ear plugs by construction worker in high noise areas.

Temporary Impacts during construction phase.

No other high noise activities envisaged.

3 Water Quality No significant negative Impact.

Surface runoff from project site. Discharge of sewage from labor camp.

Silt fences to reduce run-off

Impact will be

temporary. Local labor will be employed to reduce size of labor camps. No perennial surface water



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resource adjacent to site.

4 Land Environment Minor negative impact

Excavation, construction debris, waste from labor camps.

Re-utilization and recycling of construction debris.

Waste from labor camps will be collected and disposed in common landfill site.

No tree cutting is involved as the site.

5 Aesthetics Minor negative Impacts

Construction activities and excavation

The impacts will be compensated by extensive tree plantation and gardening in the use phase.

Short term impact restricted only in the initial stages of construction phase.

6 Biological No significant impacts

Due to plantation during development and construction phase positive impact

--- Tree plantation will be started during development and construction phase.

7 Socio-economic Overall positive impact

Increased job opportunity for locals

--- ---

8 Traffic Pattern Minor negative impact due to traffic at construction site

truck and tankers movement

Adequate parking space for trucks and tankers will be provided the site.

Railway track will be prepared in the second phase

Operational Phase

1. Ambient Air Quality Minor negative impact

Particulate and gaseous emissions from vehicle movement Particulate and gaseous emissions from DG sets

Proper maintenance of internal roads,

Green Belt Development on periphery and open areas. Adequate stack height will be maintained and ULSD will be used as fuel.

---

2. Noise Environment Minor impact inside premises

Noise from vehicle and train movement

Appropriate trees, which will act as noises barriers, which will be planted in the premises and along internal roadside.

---

3. Water Quality No adverse impact

Discharge of sewage.

Minimal quantity of sewage will be generated within project premises and Storm water management will be followed.

--

4. Biological Positive impact --- Green spaces inside the terminal will help

Landscaping will help in reducing



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to enhance vegetation/green cover at site.

Landscaping and extensive plantation.

adverse impacts on air and noise quality.


Increased job opportunity in terminal maintenance and ancillary services.

--- Positive and long term impact.

6. Traffic Pattern No impact The proposed terminal is likely to add traffic flow on SH-10 and other approach roads to proposed terminal.

Traffic management practices will be employed when traffic is merging on main road from terminal.

Adequate parking space will be provided in the terminal.

---

7. Aesthetic Positive Impact Landscaping and gardens

--- Help in improving general ambience of the area.



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CHAPTER-9: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

M/s Mantec consultants Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi were engaged as consultants for carrying out Environmental Impact Assessment Study. Brief resume of the consultants is given in Table 9.1.

Name of the Firm Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi

Status Incorporated in Delhi on 29.07.1979 under Companies Act, 1956

Addresses 805, Vishal Bhavan 95, Nehru Place, New Delhi-110019

In-Charge of Env. Division Shri Sanjeev Sharma, Executive Director

Name of Consultancy Service Rendered

Field Monitoring, Secondary Data Collection Impact Assessment and Preparation of EIA documents

Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Delhi is the approved Consultant in the QCI list of consultants.

S. No

Name of the Consultant

Designation Area of Expertise

1. Mr. Sanjeev Sharma Executive Director Project Coordinator& Air , Noise & Solid

waste Management Expert

2. Brig. S.S.Anand Executive Director Land Use Expert

3. Dr. Harcharan Singh Sr. Manager (Env. Consultant)

Aquatic & Terrestrial Ecology Expert

4. Mr. Mukesh Suraliya Sr. Env. Consultant Soil, Geology and Hyrology Expert

5. Mr. S. B. Sinha Sr. Env. Consultant Water Expert

6. Mr. Vijay Sharma Environmental Scientist Environmental Monitoring Expert

7. Mr. Soumya Dwivedi Chemical Engineer RA/DMP Expert

8. Mr. Faiyaz Ahmad Chemical Engineer DMP Expert

9. Mr. Shabrish Nambiar

Consultant Socio-economic studies Expert



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CHAPTER- 10: DETAILS OF VAPOUR RECOVERY SYSTEM 12 nos. of Bottom Loading Bays with Vapor Recovery System and Level 1 Automation to be provided in TLF Shed for distribution/loading of TTs .Adequate space for addition of bays in future is kept in the layout. Gasoline when in contact with air evaporates quickly until the vapour concentration reaches saturation level, which is highly dependent on air temperature. At 0

0C air saturated with

gasoline vapour contains approx. 1 litre of gasoline per cubic metre while at 230C approx. 2

litres per cubic metre. The loss of gasoline in the form of vapour occurs when unsaturated air comes in contact with the gasoline. Such releases occur both in connection with loading operations and as a result of tank breathing due to temperature variation. Gasoline Vapour consists mainly of the light components of gasoline and has a mean molecular weight of 68. During the filling of a road/rail tanker from a storage tank the gasoline vapour in the empty tanker is displaced by the gasoline during filling. This is collected and passes into the Vapour Recovery Unit (VRU) where it is processed and the gasoline recovered. In our case of bottom loading tankers the vapour return lines terminate at a hose connection for coupling to the truck. For connection to service stations, it is usual for the road tanker to carry a light vapour return hose, which can also be used at the loading ramp for coupling to the vapour return line when bottom loading is used. The slight under-pressure that occurs during unloading of the road tanker is utilised to suck practically all the vapour, from the service stations tank, back into the road tanker. The collection system consists of properly sized connection for vapour outlets, non-return valves, flame arrestors and a water knock-out (if needed) for each loading/ unloading point as safety precaution. We build our own check valve with a breaking pressure of under 0.03 bar the lowest in the world. The minimization of pressure drop is essential to keep energy costs to a minimum. However if distances are too great between the loading platform and the VRU a small blower fan may be used to move the collected vapours. The Vapour Recovery Unit will be placed within hazardous atmosphere classified areas usually Class 1, Division 2, and Group D since all non-classified electrical equipment is positioned in a separate electrical compartment, which is supplied with excess pressure ventilation and gas alarm protection.



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CHAPTER-11: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Indian Oil is India’s flagship energy major and the country’s largest commercial enterprise with a turnover of Rs. 2,71,074 crore and profits of Rs. 10,221 crore for the year 2009-10. It is also the highest ranked Indian company in the prestigious Fortune ‘Global 500’ listing at 125

th position. Indian Oil is the 20th largest petroleum

refining company in the world. Indian Oil and its group companies account for 48% petroleum products market share, 34.8% refining capacity and 71% downstream sector product pipelines capacity in India. For the year 2009-10, Indian Oil sold 60.7 million tonnes of petroleum products, including 1.91 million tonnes of natural gas, and exported 3.33 million tonnes of petroleum products. More than 10000 km network of crude and product pipelines in India are owned and operated by IOCL, which have state of art, modern operation and maintenance techniques. These pipelines have been accredited with national and international certifications of repute such as ISO 14001, ISO 9002, OISD Safety Award, British Safety Council Award etc.

11.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed project site is located at Korba district in Chhattisgarh state, Longitude of 22º 26’ 42.60” N and Latitude 82º 39’ 34.10” E, respectively. It is located about 15 km distance from the main. Korba city and 25 kms from Korba airport. The land of the proposed POL terminal has been procured from government. The general topography of the area is flat surrounded by hilly regions and the general elevation of the site is 252 msl.

11.2.1 TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION

The key salient features of the proposed project are as follows:

Details of product wise tankage proposed at POL terminal are as follows:

Table 11.1: Proposed Tankage Capacity Sr.

No.

Tank No. Product SIZE OF

TANKS

Nominal

Capacity (KL)

Tank

Type

Class


11628 Cone Roof

B


11628 Cone Roof

B

3. HSD-3 HSD 26M DIA X14.5M HT.

7672 Cone Roof

B



Roof

A



Roof

A



Roof

A



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2301 Cone Roof

B


2301 Cone Roof

B


2301 Cone Roof

B

10. ETHANOL-1

ETHANOL

4.12M DIA X15M HT.

200 U/G A

11. ETHANOL-2

ETHANOL

4.12M DIA X15M HT.

200 U/G A

SUB-TOTAL 55623KL

FUTURE PROVISION :

13 MS-4 MS 26M DIA X16M HT.

7389 Floating Roof

A

14 HSD-4 HSD 34M DIA X13M HT.

11628 Cone Roof

B

SUB-TOTAL 19017

GRAND TOTAL 74640

Table 11.2: Proposed Facilities and Dimension Sr. No.

Proposed Facilities Dimension

1. Security Block Car/Scooter/Cycle Shed

5 M. X 5 M. 35 M X 6 M

2 Driver's Rest Room in T/T 14 M X 8 M

3. Administrative Building 30 M. X 10 M.

4. Store /Warehouse 15 M. X 12 M.

5 Amenity Block 16 M. X 17 M.

6 Electric Substation & D.G. 36 M. X 10.5 M.

7. Fire Pump House 30 M. X 8 M.

8 Watch Tower 3 M X 3 M

9 Calibration Facility 4 M X 4 M

10 T/T Checking and Sealing 4 M X 4 M

11 Cabin For Lock and Accessories 4 M X 4 M

12 Oil Water Separator 2 M X 20 M

13 TLF Pump House with Manifold 30 M. X 20 M.

14. Control Room 20 M. X 18 M.

15. S and D Block 10 M. X 8 M.

16. Vapour Recovery System 10 M. X 25 M.

17 Exchange Pit 10 M. X 25 M.

18 Static Water Sump 10 M. X 8 M.

19 MCC Panel Room 11 M. X 4 M.



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Total 9 above ground and 3 Under ground storage tanks are to be constructed and provision for two nos.of additional storage tanks, one each for HSD and MS to be kept in layout for future requirement.

Provisions for construction of the future storage tanks for each product has been kept in the same dyke so as to synchronize with the mandatory tank cleaning due after commissioning.

Tank foundation aprons/slope to be provided with the CC/Brick pitching and tank farm area to be paved with bricks or locally available cost affective material.

Height of tank to be maximized based on techno economic considerations. Maximum height of the storage tanks is to be limited to 15 m.

Tank inlet and outlet shall be provided each with 2 Nos. of Gate valves (MOVs) and Plug Valve (MOV) between them.

No interconnecting catwalks to be provided t for storage tanks.

All floating roof tanks to be provided with Rim Seal Fire Protection System and Foam Pourers as per OISD norms.





Separate TLD platform (Multi purpose decanting points i.e. 3 nos. TLD platforms without shed one each for MS,HSD and SKO) in TLF corner close to pump house using the TLF RCC area for TT bay for decantation and ensuring same do not interfere the TT movement to loading bays . In addition to this, 2 nos. TT decantation points with covered platform to be provided close to the underground ethanol Tanks for unloading of Ethanol TT.






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Separate TLD platform (Multi purpose decanting points i.e. 3 nos. TLD platforms without shed one each for MS,HSD and SKO) in TLF corner close to pump house using the TLF RCC area for TT bay for decantation and ensuring same do not interfere the TT movement to loading bays . In addition to this , 2 nos. TT decantation points with covered platform to be provided close to the under ground ethanol Tanks for unloading of Ethanol TT.

Pipeline Network

Motorized Valves (MOVs) to be considered for size 400 mm dia and above.

Independent pipeline from pipeline receiving station to storage tanks.

Independent pipeline from TLD point to TLD pumps.

Independent product pipeline from pipeline manifold.

Jet nozzle for MS tanks connected to TLD pump for product circulation.

Independent pipeline from each tank to TLF pumps.

Independent product P/L from TLF pumps to TLF shed.

Bottom loading arrangements with vapor recovery system (VRS) in TLF shed.

Flexibility between HSD and SKO in one pump with spool piece drop arrangement.

Tank to tank transfer through TLF manifold using standby (S/B) pump.

Jet Nozzle operation for MS through TLD manifold using stand by (S/B) Pump.

All pipelines to be laid above ground except where unavoidable.

Pipelines in TLF area to be laid over head with control Valves at ground level.

Flange joints to be minimized. All flange joints should be provided with jumpers.

Product Doping Facilities:

Blue Dye doping facilities as per norms. Provision should be made for injection of blue dye into SKO tanks during product receipt.

Marker doping facilities as per standard norms in SKO tanks during product receipt.

MFA dosing facility at TLF loading point in line with the TLF allocations shown in P& ID, Compatible with level 1 Automation.

Ethanol blending facilities for MS as per norms Compatible with level 1 Automation.



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Fire Fighting Facilities:

Full fledged auto-pressurized system to cover all facilities in the terminal as per OISD-117/118 norms floating roof tanks to be provided with Rim Seal Fire Protection System and Foam Pourers as per OISD norms.

Pollution Control Facilities:

Pollution Control facilities as per latest MOEF norms and meeting State Pollution Control Board Rules.

Collection sumps will be provided with control valves outside each tank farm.

One master separator at outlet point of oil/water drainage to ensure that effluent would meet pollution control norms and oil contents not to exceed 8 PPM level.

Pipe drains for oily water from tank farms, pump house manifold area and TLF area leading to master oil water separator.

Gravity type OWS of suitable capacity as per maximum rainfall to be provided along with arrangement for lifting oil and slop tank of suitable size.

Surface drain (storm water) system independent of oil water drainage.

Exhaust pipes of diesel engines of DG sets and fire fighting units as per State pollution control norms.

11.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

The area around the proposed pipeline, where the project activities will take place has been surveyed for physical features and existing environmental scenario. The area was surveyed around the proposed POL Terminal at Korba, Chhattisgarh. The field survey has been done for Summer Season during .

The climatic condition during the study period is presented in report for all the stations where the modification is proposed. The pre-dominant wind direction in the region is SW.The temperature varies from 30.3

0C 42.4

0C, whereas, the relative

humidity varies from 23% to 68 %. Total rainfall recorded during the study period was 174.5 mm. The monthly mean wind speed was recorded 5.7 km/hr.

The ambient air quality is well within the limits as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards in all the monitoring stations. The PM10 value varies from 53.6 to 71.3, SO2 9.4 to 22.3 and NOX 14.9 to 24.3. .

All the results are reported in

microgram per cubic meter (µg/m3). The value of THC varies from 2.2 ppm to 5.8

ppm.

The land use around the project site is pre-dominantly semi-arable. The sand, silt and clay varied from 71– 77%, 11-20% and 8-13% respectively indicating that soil is Sand Silt. The soil moisture varied from 0.72 – 2.23 %, while bulk density varied between 1.54 to 1.61.

The pH varied from 6.65 to 7.55 indicating slightly acidic. The conductivity varied

from 187 to 278 mhos/cm. The average concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium in the soil samples varies from 1.2 to 2.24, 29.2 to 65.2 mg/100gm & 0.2 to 0.4 mg/100gm respectively. The organic matter content of soil varied from 0.7 to



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1.2%. The average sodium absorption ratio was 0.3, which is much below the value 9 where after the permeability of soil is affected. The ecological study of the area has been conducted within 15 km radius of the project site in order to understand the existing status of flora and fauna to generate baseline information and evaluate the possible impacts on biological environment. It has been assessed that the impact on local flora and fauna will be negligible due to the proposed project. The socio-economic conditions are presented in the report. The impact on socio-economic environment as some direct or indirect employment will be generated during the construction and operation phases.

11.4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The potential impacts of the proposed pipeline have been limited to the proposed terminal at Korba. No social issues are required to be addressed, as there is no rehabilitation and resettlement. The impact on soil quality is induced/ short term in nature, and can be avoided by applying good construction practices to reduce the impact, if any, on soils to a great extent. Adequate measures need to be worked out for minimizing the loss of soils, by way of storage of topsoil and then again laying it back after the completion of the construction of terminal.

Impacts on ambient air would mainly be due to dust emissions and movement of vehicles. However these impacts would be short-term in nature. Impacts on ambient air during operational phase would be due to emissions from DG set stacks and vehicles which will be very negligible and would be nullified by provision of scrubber and acoustic enclosure.

The detailed environmental management plan has been presented in the main report. IOCL make sure that all the statutory norms, emissions norms for air, water, and noise shall be maintained during the construction and operation phases and in line with the EMP.

11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

It is imperative that the IOCL should set up regular monitoring locations to assess the environmental health in the post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the following aspects.

It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

11.6 PROJECT BENEFITS

The project will be improved supply position of the petroleum products in Chattisgarh state, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. The improved petroleum supply will have strong logistical support for delivering the products to customers at better quality and better price. Availability of product in vicinity of demand location will be reduced the price.

Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc. The project will be provided employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories, so the direct employment opportunities will be generated.

Date post:	22-Apr-2018
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