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Presentation

onWell Stimulation by Hydro Fracturing

Presented by:

1) Sunil Deshpande

2) V. Sarath Chandra Dabbiru3) Priyank Raj Singh

4) Bhupendra Kumar Patel

5) Nizamuddin Khan

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Hydraulic FracturingHydraulic fracturing is the common stimulationtreatment for increasing productivity.

GOAL:

Enhance production from low permeability

reservoirs.

Enhance the connection between wellbore and

reservoir by creating a conductive flow path

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Motivation for fracturing141.2oBo[ln(re/rw)+S]

Q =koh p

Fractures enlarge effective wellbore radius rw

Fractures creates flow path with increased k

Fractures remove skin S

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Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing involves several coupled

physical mechanisms

Rock deformation

Fluid flow inside fracture

Fluid leak-off Fracture propagation

Proppant transport

Understanding these mechanisms and their inter-relationships provides a starting point forunderstanding hydraulic fracture growth behavior.

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Fracture Fluid Properties

Reservoir Compatiblity

Low leak off rate

Ability to carry the propping agent

Low friction loss

Easy removal from the formation

Stability at reservoir condition

Availability

Safety

Cost economics

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Good Candidate for Fracturing

Sufficient Recoverable Reserves

Sufficient Reservoir Pressure

Low Permeability (Less Than 10 mD)

O/W And O/G Not Very Close

Good Cementation

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GENERAL CRITERIA FOR WELL SELECTION

State of depletion of producing formation

Formation composition & consolidation

Formation permeability

Formation thickness

Isolation of the zone to be treated

Condition of well equipment

Production history of the well

Location of water, oil-water and gas-oil contacts

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Physical Process Fluid is pumped into the reservoir

under high pressure (PAD)

Formation fractured

Subsequently fluid with proppants

(slurry) pumped

Propagate the fracture to required

dimension

Flush the tubing with clean fluid

Shut in for fracture closure

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Fracture Initiation & PropagationTime

during

fracture

treatment

Fracture initiation as pumping of fluid is started

Fracture propagation with fluid

Proppant enters fracture as it is suspended in the

frac fluid

Proppant advances further into the fracture as

pumping continues

Proppant advances further in the fracture and may

reach the tip of the fracture

Pumping of the fluid/proppant mixture is stopped and

fluid continues to leak away into the permeable

formation

Formation closes on proppant and a conductive path

remains in the reservoir

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Fracture Initiation & Propagation

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PAD Breakdown the perforations

Initiate fracture

Develop width required for proppant

Sometimes use extra-viscous pre-pads

Small pads may not develop sufficient width

for proppant, potentially causing screen-outs

Excessive pad may delay closure for a

significant period of time, allowing proppant

convection out of zone.

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Proppant Slurry Immediately follow the pad

Slurry is clean fracturing fluid mixed withproppant

Continue to generate length and width

Start proppant at 1 - 3 ppg

Slowly increase proppant concentrations

Perforation and near - wellbore may not accepthigher concentrations of proppant early in the

treatment

Erode the perforation and the formation

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Flush Immediately follows the proppant stages

Pump clean (non-sand-laden) fluid to displace the

proppant to formation from tubing and wellbore

Use low friction, economical fluid

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Pressure in Fracture TreatmentIdealized Surface Pressure and Rate response during an HF treatment

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Thank You