1 Project Abstract The proposed “Payroll System” is aimed at providing all necessary computer facilities for any type of operation going on in an office. It computerizes each and every step involved in office system. This new system is a user friendly and interactive. It deals with all types of transactions, which are very necessary for the smooth running of an organization. In this project all aspects from the user’s point of view are considered so that every user can interact with this project very easily. It is tried to originate appropriate and good environment in which a user can handle the whole database very efficiently and conveniently. These fields generates large amount of information, which would be very useful for the user who interacts with it. One security basis, an authorization system is included. Under this, a user will be authorized to access information contained within the database Administrator. For example, a user must have user id & password to be authorized. When a user enters the user id & password, then that user id and password is matched with the user id and password already stored in the database. In this way the data can be kept more secure & safe. The new system is designed in such a way that every user can adapt himself/herself in a very easy and effortless way. By adding constraints in the database, some rules are Payroll System
Transcript
1
Project Abstract
The proposed “Payroll System” is aimed at providing all
necessary computer facilities for any type of operation going on in an
office. It computerizes each and every step involved in office system.
This new system is a user friendly and interactive. It deals with all types
of transactions, which are very necessary for the smooth running of an
organization. In this project all aspects from the user’s point of view are
considered so that every user can interact with this project very easily. It
is tried to originate appropriate and good environment in which a user
can handle the whole database very efficiently and conveniently. These
fields generates large amount of information, which would be very useful
for the user who interacts with it.
One security basis, an authorization system is included. Under this,
a user will be authorized to access information contained within the
database Administrator. For example, a user must have user id &
password to be authorized. When a user enters the user id & password,
then that user id and password is matched with the user id and password
already stored in the database. In this way the data can be kept more
secure & safe.
The new system is designed in such a way that every user can
adapt himself/herself in a very easy and effortless way. By adding
constraints in the database, some rules are enforced for the user to enter
valid or acceptable data. In this way it prevents the authorized user from
entering the wrong and invalid data. Likewise data constraints play a
vital and indispensable Role in maintaining and preserving all the
transactions.
In this new system, any type of information related to transactions can
be obtained at any time using insert, User has to enter only one primary
value of transaction for which he wants to seek some information.
Payroll System
2
Similarly the information of a customer contained in the database can be
obtained by choosing customer id or name only.
In case, an existing user needs help on any topic related to project
or a new user wants to know anything about the project, a help field is
provided which contains all type of help related to the project like how to
add a new record, how to edit an existing record etc.
Payroll System
3
College Profile
This college is an inevitable part of prestigious Apeejay Education
Society. Established way back in 1982, Apeejay College of Fine Arts.
Started as college of fine arts, it soon launched a number of
professional courses. The college, from its very establishment has
excelled in its purpose of imparting quality education. Every since this
college has provided the society with quality citizens.
Students of this college have excelled not only academics but also
in sports, music, theatre and other co-curricular activities achieving
heights. The college has seen university toppers, best dancers, best
singers, actors and actresses, musicians, painters, sculptors and
achievers in all fields of education.
The college provides its students with state of the art facilities. The
laboratories are equipped with latest equipments with uninterrupted
supply of power and other needed items. The computer laboratory is
equipped with good latest hardware and software. The photography
laboratory is equipped with scanners and high quality printers. The home
science, music, dance, fine arts and the designing laboratories are
provided with best possible instruments.
The college also provides for various seminars guest lectures and
other events of carrier orientation from time to time for the proper
guidance of the students.
Apart from the regular classes, the college also holds vocational
classes for music, dance, etc. The college also encourages participation
of its students in various art workshops. The college has seen students
Payroll System
4
being selected for workshops at national and even at the international
levels.
For all the facilities provided by the college counted amongst the
best institutions in the city.
Payroll System
5
System Study
In system study we study the existing system and new proposed
system. In system study we study that what are the drawbacks, and
limitations exist. What are the needs of the existing system? And also
study what is the new proposed system, and how new proposed system
removes the limitations and drawbacks of the existing system. In this
section we study the advantages of the new proposed system.
Existing system
This Organization is maintaining most of their day-to-day
transactions data in the registers (i.e. manually). The employees of the
Apeejay College of fine arts are doing the whole work manually. All the
work is done manually (i.e. maintained in registers) so different
employees are appointed for the maintenance of registers containing all
the information related to the organization.
It is very time consuming and is also not error free in some
situations. In existing manual system databases calculations are difficult
to perform so report generation as very much difficult.
Payroll System
6
Drawbacks of Existing System
Generally whenever we implement a new system it is developed to
eliminate the shortcomings of an existing system. The computerized
system has more edge over the manual system. It is because of
accuracy, high speed, quick result, diligence etc.
The existing system is totally based on manual system. Existing
system has many drawbacks in comparison of computerized system.
Some of the main drawbacks of existing system are: -
1. Time Consuming: High time consumption is the main weakness
of the existing system. A lot of time is wasted in searching records
from different files, which resulted in loss of time, and moreover
workload also increases. Also a lot of time is wasted in duplicating
the same entries in different registers. The overall checking of the
records and modifications if necessary has to be made at several
places which is time consuming and error prone
2. Service and Working Conditions: With the unusual delay due to
various reasons (such as non-availability of record or absence of an
employee etc) the customer suffers a lot. Without any firm reason
he has to wait which disfigures the working conditions.
3. Difficulties in Retrieving Information: Sometimes, to get any of
any type of instant information more than one document needs to
be searched. This requires the opening of both files and then
combining the information to get the required information. Further
the files may not be indexed according to the need, which causes
difficulty in retrieving information.
Payroll System
7
4. Difficulties in Debugging: If an error is detected in recorded
information the manual system requires many files or registers to
be searched to correct the information.
5. Difficult for the Top Management to analyze data: Top
management faces lots of problems to know about the details of
the Current Transactions, Current Bookings, Current Cancellation
and Employee as all is maintained at the lower level. Except for the
media and their reliable resources they have nobody to ask about
the current outputs and the overall results to be generated along
with the reports at the end of the year.
6. Not Easy to understandable by new user: To understand the
manual system the user have to get more practice and have a
grape all fields that help by other employee and have to be in
contact with that person. If the person was in leave the user can
get the information from him.
7. Need more space to store: Here by using the paperwork system
the user need to maintain all the documents in proper way to avoid
the difficulty in action and need more space to store these
documents because they can’t destroy the old documents.
8. Very Expensive: The existing manual system is very expensive
method as lot of paper work has to be done and lot of wastage of
manpower, which increase the expanses of existing system.
9. Data sharing: The different user in the different department
cannot share data simultaneously.
10. Security: Security feature are not prominent in the existing
system.
Payroll System
8
Need For a New System
To enhance the working of the Apeejay College of fine arts, which
was completely handled manually, the improvement was thought on the
basis of computerizing the major activities. The following factors were
foreseen for the improvisation:
1. Identify the Opportunity to Improve Business Functions: It
has been identified that computerization process is necessity and
what business benefits can be derived by implementing this
improvement. It will lead to better transaction handling in terms of
speed, reliability and accuracy.
2. Improves Services and Working Conditions: To improve the
working conditions of existing system in every parts of Tour &
Travel Org. Customer services are need to improve to a greater
extent.
3. User friendly: To make the system user friendly this system using
window as its run time environment and is developed using Visual
Studio 2008, which is very user-friendly rapid application
developed tool. Because in the existing system register work was
very difficult to handled by each user and was boring job.
4. Data Security: The proposed will also prevent unauthorized
access to the system. At the very beginning, the user name and
password is to be entered by the user and if it is correct only then
the permission to use the software is given to user. There are
different users according to different roles and one user can’t use
the resources given to another user.
5. Data Redundancy: - The data is stored only once which can be
accessed by any one at any time and at any place. So it can be
minimized but can not be removed completely.
Payroll System
9
6. Easy to Access: - In this database project, data can be easily
access through computer networking.
7. Cost Reduction: - It requires less amount of Cost as compared to
existing system.
8. Time & Efforts Reduction: - It requires less amounts of time and
efforts.
9. Security mechanism: - Database can be secured by applying
password, encryption and decryption techniques.
10. Concurrency Control: - This Database provides mechanisms to
provide concurrent access and ensure the correctness of the data.
11. Provides backup and Recovery:- It provides scheme such as
recovery and backup from the failures including disk crash, power
failures, software errors which may help the database to recover
from inconsistent state top state that existed prior to the
occurrence of the failure, though methods are very complex.
Payroll System
10
Introduction to Payroll System
A user friendly GUI (Graphical User Interface) based software
“Payroll System” has been developed for Apeejay College of Fine Arts
of jalandhar city, keeping in view the requirements of employees to
prepare salary. The objective of the project was to computerize the
payroll system which was earlier being handled manually every
precaution has been taken at each process involved in the complex task
of salary preparation. By computerization it implies that all process
handling is entirely being done by computer. All the records necessary
for the processes involved in the salary calculation are stored in a
computer based record keeping system using a back-end tool. All the
processes handling is done at the front-end by using a front-end. The
project provides ample facilities to its users. The most important of the
facilities are the report generation and printing which provides user with
the hard copies of the data also.
Features:
Preparation of salary.
Printing of Windows Based user friendly software.
Maintenance of rich electronic records of employees
available at station.
Pay bills/Pay slips.
Attendance record.
Tax calculation.
Various security features with the help of passwords.
Standard report generation.
Payroll System
11
Proposed System
This consists of Payroll System. All these transactions need to be
carefully understood and taken into consideration. The system also
contains a lot of data redundancy at various stages. One of the
objectives of the new system would be to stores data in an efficient and
non-redundant form and hence increase overall efficiency of the system.
The new system should ensure of simple and easy data entry procedures
through suggestive looking form. There are quite a number of lengthy
calculations being done on the acquired data. These calculations should
be thoroughly understood. The new system should be able to perform all
these calculations automatically and efficiently.
Numerous kinds of queries are done on large amounts of
accumulated data, to find out the desired data. The new system should
provide efficient, simple, fast and smarter procedures for retrieval of
exhaustive types of data from the database.
Finally, there are quite a number of reports that are generated
during the normal working of the system. Each of these required reports
should be understood very carefully and the new system shall provide
easy and efficient methods for generation of these reports.
Payroll System
12
Working
The working of the project is based on payroll system for
performing its working it use Visual Basic.NET as a front-end and Oracle
8i as a back-end. In which user perform all its functions in Visual
Basic.NET environment and all database stores in the database oracle.
This proposed system reserve the ticket on request of the user and also
refund the unconfirmed orders after lasing the commission them. All the
calculations are automatically and efficiently performed.
The new computerized system has an edge over the manual
system. The beneficial features of new computerized system are the
following:
1. Improves Services and Working Conditions: The proposed
system improves the existing working conditions in each step of
inventory control system Customer services are improved to a
greater extent. The whole process is very easy and efficient.
2. User Friendly: The new system is using windows as its run time
environment and is developed using Visual Basic.NET which is
very user friendly rapid application development tool. The new
system is totally graphical and user just has to select his desired
option and the next step will be taken immediately and
automatically by the system.
3. Less Time Consumption: Another aspect of system, which will
reduce the time consumption, is its speed. The speed of system is
measured in terms of response time i.e. the time it takes to
respond to user’s request. Computer is an electronic device which
can manipulate, modifies, retrieve and store information very
speedily so it will be able to report within a fraction of time.
Payroll System
13
4. Reduced Storage Space: On more important feature of the new
system is the reduction of physical storage covered by the existing
system. In new system records will be residing in the computer’s
memory, which is large storage capacity and can be extended
further.
5. Coordination of Data Tables: The user was in trouble while
combining figures from different files or registers to find out
information and to prepare reports. This trouble will not occur in
new system as the data from different tables will be combined
internally and the prepared reports will be presented to user on
screen and printer.
6. Minimizing Errors: The project will also eliminate the creeping in
of unintentional errors due to which the system leads to
insufficient. The new system will be prepared under all the
restrictions of the present system. Whenever the user will attempt
any error the new system will respond to it displaying a diagnostic
on the screen.
7. Data Security: The proposed will also prevent unauthorized
access to the system. At the very beginning, the user name and
password is to be entered by the user and if it is correct only then
the permission to use the software is given to user. There are
different users according to different roles and one user can’t use
the resources given to another user.
Payroll System
14
Objective/Advantages of New System:
To overcome these above stated limitations in the Payroll
System, we propose a new system that is computerized system of
“Payroll System”. The proposed system would store all the information
captured in different registers that will be linked with each other and will
provide direct and immediate access. Using a computerized system, we
will do storing of data. All the addition, deletion, modification, printing
will be done through computer for faster accessing. This proposed
system would set free from all the burdens mentioned in limitations of
existing system.
1. Fast and Efficient: As compared to existing manual system, in
proposed system the user can get the information fast, easily and
efficiently from the computer since information is a single click
away from the user.
2. Reliable and Accurate: As in proposed system the information is
stored and processed in computers so that data will be more
reliable and accurate.
3. Centralized Data: In the existing system most of data records are
kept in registers and some data are maintained in Microsoft Excel
due to this system the placement of the data is not at one
particular place. But in proposed system each and every record is
maintained on computer, which leads to the centralization of data
and every user which have the access to system can retrieve the
data at ease.
Payroll System
15
4. Low Operation and Maintenance Cost: The proposed system is
not very costly as it doesn’t includes many costs and overhead
expenses like file management, stationary charges etc.
5. Non-Redundant Information: As in proposed system data
maintained on the computers so inconsistency doesn’t occurs
whichever leads to problem like duplication of data. As in our
project most of the inventory codes are Auto Generated hence
there is no chance of duplication of the master records.
6. User Friendly: Proposed system is very user friendly. We have
applied many check and balances (i.e. validation rules) in the
proposed system so that a less knowledgeable person can also
enter the data error free and at an ease.
7. Easy to Access: As compared to existing system, in proposed
system the user can easily and efficiently access the information
from the computer only if the user is given the right of the same. In
the proposed system we have used the concept of level of access.
We have created the users to access the database. So depending
upon the type of hierarchy we can assign different rights for the
user.
8. No Documentation: As everything is stored on the computer so
there is any need of documentation or maintaining the files or
registers.
Payroll System
16
Feasibility Study
Feasibility study is carried out to test if the proposed system is
worth being implemented. Given unlimited resources and infinite time, all
projects are feasible. Unfortunately, such projects and time is not
possible real situations. Hence it becomes both necessary and prudent to
evaluate the feasibility of the project at earliest passable time in order to
avoid unnecessary wastage of time. Feasibility study is test of the system
proposed regarding its workability, impact on tour and travels ability to
meet user needs and effective use of resources.
Feasibility study has five primary areas which are characterized by
the acronym TELOS
T - Technical Feasibility
E - Economic Feasibility
O - Operational Feasibility
COST ESTIMATION
The net cost saving for reuse is estimated, by projecting the cost of
the project. If project it was developed from scratch and subtracting the
sum of the cost associated with reuse and the actual cost of the software
has delivered, can be determined by applying one or more of the
estimation techniques and the proposed project support all this
Payroll System
17
technique like domain analysis and modeling and enhancement of reuse
components ray ties and lioness for the externally acquired components,
the proposed project is cost efficient because any organization can save
their expense by using my project. Earlier they used a manual system
where they wasted lot of time, and there was paper work. Hence the
proposed project is very cost efficient because it will help to save from
manual costs overcome economical
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
Whether the proposed information system can be implemented
with the available hardware, software, technical resources, and human
resource. The proposed project is technically feasible because all the
required resources are easily available in the market at very low cost.
The management provides all latest hardware and software facilities for
the success completion of the project.
The proposed system full fills the requirement of the Apeejay
College of fine arts, jalandhar. The software developed by using Visual
Basic.NET and Oracle 8i. Which is available at very low cost in the
market? The building technique of the project is also not too complicated.
Hence technical feasibility is the some difficult area to assess at the
earliest stages of the system development process. Therefore the
process of analysis and definition of the proposed system was conducted
in parallel with the assessment of technical feasibility.
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
Whether the benefits of the proposed information system outweigh
the costs. The proposed project is economical feasible because all the
required resources are easily available in the market at very low cost and
any organization can easily purchase this required resources at their
Payroll System
18
suitable cost and assembled it. No extra economical burden will on the
on the organization.
Here the benefits accrued from the new system are more than the
cost involved in its development as everything is related to money. Cost
involved in developing the whole system is analyzing and design,
Programming cost, Stationary and miscellaneous expenses, Operational
cost.
There are sufficient benefits in the system to make the cost
acceptable. Usually cost benefits analysis is made to find the savings or
the extra overheads that would arise new development. It is normal for
every origination to choose a system development only if there is a
reduction with respect to the time and cost overheads.
Operational Feasibility
Whether the proposed solution is desirable within the existing
managerial and organizational framework and culture. This project is
operational feasible because it easily handled all operations of the
organization, which is required by the user. In the existing system, it is
very difficult to maintain huge amount of data. The development of new
system was started because of the requirement put to forward by the
management of the concerned department. All the transactional
operations handled successfully in the new system with in very sort of
time. So it is sure that the system development is operationally feasible.
Study is a preferred conceptual solution together with expected
cost and benefits. It also includes a more detailed specification of what
the new system requires.
Payroll System
19
System Analysis
ANALYSIS
Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by
a system and there relationship within and outside of the system. A key
question is: What must be done to solve the problem? One aspect of
analysis is defining the boundaries of the system and determining
whether or not a candidate system should consider other related
systems. During analysis data are collected on the available files,
decision points and transactions handled by the present system. Some
logical system models and tools are used in analysis are data flow
diagrams, interviews, on-sight observations and questionnaires etc. The
interview is a commonly used tool in analysis. It requires special skills
and sensitivity to the subjects being interviewed. Bias in data collection
and interpretation can be a problem. Training, experience and common
sense are required for collection of the information needed to do the
analysis.
Once analysis is completed, the analyst has a firm understanding
of what is to be done. The next step is to decide how the problem might
be solved. Thus, in system design, we move from the logical to the
physical aspect of the life cycle.
Payroll System
20
PROBLEM UNDERSTANDING
One of the most difficult tasks is developing a clear in depth of the
problem being investigated, without which it becomes impossible to
specify the requirements for a new project with any accuracy. In the
manual system the main problem was to understand the large and
typical database and short form of information about any Student and
Teacher.
Several questions should be proposed for this as: -
1. What is the problem?
In the manual system large amount of data handle is very difficult.
It is difficult to access the required data from saved registers. And
also large amount of data is very difficult store.
2. What are its causes?
Due to store the data in large registers in manual system no body
can search and easily access the records of the student or teacher
at a time. In manual system records war search one by one that
were very time consuming.
3. Why is it important that the problem be solved?
The main point of view to solve the problems to change the manual
system is fulfilling the required of the Management. Because
nowadays very large amount of data need to be transferred.
4. What are the possible solutions to the problem?
The solution of this problem is developed the computerized version
of the manual system, which is less time consuming, and easy to
handle.
5. What types of benefits are expected once the problem is
solved?
Payroll System
21
Once the above all problems solved. The new system should fulfill
all the requirement of the Management. And improves the working
of the Management, and all transactions can be easily maintains.
It takes considerable skill to determine the true cause of a system’s
problem with knowledge of the cause of the problem, it can be diagnosed
by it characteristics. After identification of the problem a general
direction or a method for solving the problem will be determined. There
are some problems, which are being faced by the college management.
The major problem that the college is facing is that all the work is
done manually. Due to this a large amount of time is wasted, there can
be some errors which may creep in. Besides this it is also required to
store all the information in the form of some files or registers, but
because of such storage some more problems are faced. One such
problem is query passing. It is a length and tedious process if there is a
need to find some information regarding a student or a teacher.
After identification of the problem a general direction or a method
for solving the problem will be determined.
Payroll System
22
Requirement Specification
Requirement analysis is the first logical and technical step in the
software engineering process. It’s at this juncture that a general statistic
of software scope is redefined into a concrete significance that becomes
the foundation of all software engineering activities that follows.
For gathering information, there is a need to interact with the
system users i.e. the people who directly or indirectly influence the
system requirements like end users, employees, customer etc. But they
can make unrealistic or conflicting demands, so these conflicts must be
solved before proceeding with the system design implementations.
A software requirement specification is obtained as a sequence of
analysis. Validation is necessary to ensure that the developer and
customer have the same perception of the system. Unfortunately,
changing requirements are a problem even for the best analysis method.
The software will be developed keeping in mind the following:
Payroll System
23
Requirements Specification
The proposed project full fill all the requirement of the user
although it related to booking of the tickets or with calculations and it
also provides all the necessary features which is needed by the user of
the software It is a structured, precise document, which defines each and
every system service and constraint in detail. It may also be known as
the functional specification and is generally used as basis for a contract
between the user and the software developer.
Functional Requirements
The proposed project fulfills all the functional requirements of the
organization. These are those requirements that define the functionality
of the software system. Like Result of a Student, Attendance of a
teacher, making report Card of a student. They are descriptions of the
project functions.
Non-Functional Requirements
These are those requirements that place a constraint under the
system operates for example response time or on the development
process such as the choice of the programming language.
CONSTRAINTS
The company functions manually. This system has a lot of problems as
the work done is very time consuming and sometimes errors also creep
in. so there was an urgent need to develop a system, which is simple,
error free and suits the working of the institution. The software “Payroll
System” is such software, which will serve to these purposes.
Constraints are validations, which are used to check that the software is
Payroll System
24
working properly. The software also has some constraints, which make it
a successful application.
There are some constraints which are given below
1) Time constraints.
2) Economical constraints.
3) Technical constraints.
1. Time: Time constraints is a deadline, the use of deadlines in real-
Time computing is a relatively recent small fraction of the overall
development of project. Before reaching deadline it is difficult to
develop the perfect project. Time also effect the process of
developing the project because in the given limited time period
some requirements features can’t developed. I have developed
this project. In given time period. It is difficult to develop the each
and every required feature of the project. Hence we can say that
the time is the main constraints in developing the project.
2. Economical constraints: Economical constraints also is also a
great hindrance in developing the project, because due to
economical constraints each and every required hardware and
software not available at time and hence the developer of the is
not able to developed the all required features in the project. Due
to the economical problem in the organization, organization does
not able to pay the required amount of the project and hence
developer of the project does not develop the full efficient project.
Hence we can say that economical constraints puts bad effect in
developing project.
3. Technical constraints: Technical constraints are a very big
problem in developing the project. Because in available technology
Payroll System
25
you have to develop the project. Due to the shortage of technical
knowledge some time in developing the project problems are
occurred and that put bad effects. Technical constraints are effect
affect mostly designing phase, coding phase, and implement phase
of the project. Also if the developer of the project is not technical of
high level then it will effect during the development of the project.
Hence we can say that technical constraints are also effect at very
large instant.
Design Phase
The purpose of the design phase is to plan a solution of the
problem specified by the requirement document. System design is most
creative phase of the system development. The term design describes a
final system and the process it is developed.
This phase is the first step in moving from the problem domain to
the solution domain. In other words, starting with what is needed; design
takes towards how to satisfy the needs. The design of a system is the
most critical factor affecting the quality of package to be developed.
System design has major impact on the later phases, particularly
testing and maintenance. The System design includes the
construction of programs and program testing. The key question of
System design is how problems lies in the project solved. With the help
Payroll System
26
of the flow charts we have represented the design of the software
system that is developing.
The purpose of the design phase was to plan a solution of the
problem specified by the requirements of document. This phase is the
first step in moving from the problem domain to the solution domain. The
design of the system is perhaps the most critical factor affecting the
quality of the software.
System Design
The development of the Transaction Control Software consisted of
studying of the existing manual system and developing an efficient
computerized system that emphasizes on easy storage and retrieval of
data in the database.
The new system should ensure of simple and easy data entry
procedures through suggestive looking form. There are quite a number of
lengthy calculations being done on the acquired data. These calculations
should be thoroughly understood. The new system should be able to
perform all these calculations automatically and efficiently.
There are quite a number of reports that are generated during the
normal working of the system. Each of these required reports should be
Payroll System
27
understood very carefully and the new system shall provide easy and
efficient methods for generation of these reports.
Moreover, the new system should provide a very easy to use
interface, so that user should feel at home throughout the working of the
system.
Platform Used
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
Hardware is the term given to the machinery itself and to the various
individual pieces of equipment. It refers to the physical devices of a
computer system. Thus, the input, storage processing control and the
output devices are hardware.
Following are the minimum hardware and software specifications that are
required for efficient performance of the system. Using a higher
configuration than specified below can enhance the system performance
further:
Payroll System
28
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
CPU Intel Pentium IV 1.80 GHz or higher
RAM 1 GB (for best performance)
Keyboard 105 Standard keys
Hard disk 10GB or higher free space
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
Software means a collection of program where the objective is to
enhance the capabilities of the hardware machine. The following defines
the software of the proposed system developments:
Software Specification
Operating System Window 98
Visual Basic.NET 2008
Oracle 8i
Payroll System
29
Design Tools
BACK-END TOOL
ORACLE 8i
A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of
interrelated data and a set of program to access those data. The
collection of data, referred to as the database, contains information
Relevant to an enterprise. The primary goal of the DBMS is to provide
Way to store and retrieve database information that is both Convenient
and efficient.
Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information.
Management of data involves both defining structures for storage of
Payroll System
30
information and providing mechanisms for the manipulation of the
information. In addition, the database system must ensure the safety of
the information stored, despite system crashes or attempts of
unauthorized access. If data has to be shared among several users: the
system must avoid possible anomalous results.
LANGUAGES USED IN ORACLE8i
SQL: SQL (Structured Query Language) is a query language. It can define
the structure of the data, modify data in the database and specify
security constraints. SQL is a simple and powerful database access
language and the standard language for relational database
management system. SQL uses a combination of relational calculus
constructs all the operations made to the data in an oracle database are
performed using SQL declaration. SQL declarations are divided in to
following:
1. DDL
2. DML
3. DCL
4. TRANSACTION CONTROL DECLRATION
5. SESSION CONTROL DECLERATION
6. SYSTEM CONTROL DECLERATION
7. BUILT-IN SQL DECLERATION
8. TRANSACTION CONTROL DECLRATION
ADVANTAGES OF ORACLE:
1. The Decision Support Arena
Decisions support systems, referred to as DSS, are playing a large role
Acquisition Of the express product line of decision support tools, and
Payroll System
31
the business View-centric Oracle Discoverer product, Oracle has itself
well positioned for the Future and present of the system market
2. Management of Large Volume of Data
Oracle has been paying significant attention to the management of
large Volume of data.
3. Security Mechanism
Users are given rights to view, modify, and create data according to
the Names. They use to connect to the database. Customer uses these
mechanisms to ensure. Those specified users get to see sensitive data.
4. Backup and Recovery
Oracle provides sophisticated backup and recovery routines. Backup
Creates a secondary copy of Oracle data; recovery restores a copy of
data from that backup.
5. Open Connectivity
Oracle provides open connectivity to and from other vendor’s software.
Using the Oracle Access Manager, installations can easily integrate
their diverse corporate systems running on a range of different
vendor’s products.
6. Development Tools
The Oracle server, commonly referred to as the database engine,
supports a Wide range of development tools and, end users query
tools, off-the-shelf applications and office-wide information
management tools.
7. Data Accessibility
Oracle provides utilities for backing up the data. It also provides data
Integrity. If, while a user is changing data within an Oracle database, a
Payroll System
32
Failures of any sort Happens, the database has the capability to undo
or Rollback any suspect transaction.
FRONT-END TOOLS
Visual Basic.NET
Visual basic.NET is the latest incarnation of the world’s most popular
computer programming language, and it brings a lot of new features to
the table. This new things called “dot.net” is a revolutionary change from
Visual Studio 6.0 (which included Visual Basic 6.0). Visual Basic .NET is
not “Visual Studio 7.0” as you might think. On the contrary, it is a new
product developed from scratch, not tied to the previous version (and not
entirely compatible either). In a sense, you might think of this as a whole
new product line starting at version 1.0—but that’s only partially true.
Payroll System
33
The people who created Visual Basic .NET took all of the favorite features
of Visual Basic 6.0 and the features of a dozen other popular language,
and crammed all of this new goodness into a single new development
tool. The result is a stellar programming language, and it has no
equivalent in the computer world.
FEATURES OF Visual Basic.NET:
Powerful Windows-based Applications
Building Web-based Applications
Simplified Deployment
Powerful, Flexible, Simplified Data Access
Improved Coding
Direct Access to the Platform
Full Object-Oriented Constructs
XML Web Services
Mobile Applications
COM Interoperability
Reuse Existing Investments
Upgrade Wizard
ADVANTAGES OF VISUAL BASIC.NET:
Payroll System
34
1. First of all, VB.NET provides managed code execution that runs
under the Common Language Runtime (CLR), resulting in robust,
stable and secure applications. All features of the .NET framework
are readily available in VB.NET.
2. VB.NET is totally object oriented.
3. The .NET framework comes with ADO.NET, which follows the
disconnected paradigm, i.e. once the required records are fetched
the connection no longer exists. It also retrieves the records that
are expected to be accessed in the immediate future. This
enhances Scalability of the application to a great extent.
4. VB.NET uses XML to transfer data between the various layers in the
DNA Architecture i.e. data are passed as simple text strings.
5. Error handling has changed in VB.NET. A new Try-Catch-Finally
block has been introduced to handle errors and exceptions as a
unit, allowing appropriate action to be taken at the place the error
occurred thus discouraging the use of ON ERROR GOTO statement.
This again credits to the maintainability of the code.
6. Another great feature added to VB.NET is free threading against
the VB single-threaded apartment feature. In many situations
developers need spawning of a new thread to run as a background
process and increase the usability of the application. VB.NET allows
developers to spawn threads wherever they feel like, hence giving
freedom and better control on the application.
7. Security has become more robust in VB.NET. In addition to the role-
based security in VB6, VB.NET comes with a new security model,
Code Access security. This security controls on what the code can
access. For example you can set the security to a component such
that the component cannot access the database. This type of
security is important because it allows building components that
can be trusted to various degrees.
8. The CLR takes care of garbage collection i.e. the CLR releases
resources as soon as an object is no more in use. This relieves the
Payroll System
35
developer from thinking of ways to manage memory. CLR does this
for them.
Due to large number of facilities provided by the Visual Basic .NET, it
has been used as a front-end tool in “Payroll System”.
DFD (Data Flow Diagram)
Zero Level DFD
Payroll System
36
Detailed DFD
Payroll System
37
E-R Diagram
Payroll System
38
Tables Used
Payroll System
39
Table Name: personal_info
Primary Key: - employee_id
Foreign key: - NILL
Purpose: - This table contains the personal information of the employee.
