Final Text-New Guidebook Khmer Sustanable Agriculture...

karGnutþn_ksikm μsmRsbsMrab;karGPirkSbrisßan

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GarmÖkfa

dMeNIrkarxUcxatdIdUcCa PaBraMgs¶Üt sMNwkdI rWkarbMBuldIkMBugEtekIteLIgCajwkjab; ehIy CalT§pleFVIeGayplitPaBdIFøak;cuHCalMdab; . karhUrnaMénsarFatuKImIksikmμEdl)aneRbIeR)as; elIépÞdIeTAkñúgpøÚvTwkeFVIeGaymankarbMpøicbMpøajya:gF¶n;F¶rdl;KuNPaBTwk.

ehtudUecñHehIyeTIbeFVIeGaymankarcab;GarmμN_elIkarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb. karGnuvtþn_ ksikm μsmRsbsMedAdl;karplitGahar nigsarFatusésnanakñúglkçN³mYyEdlminb:HBal;dl; brisßanFm μCati.

bnÞab;BIkare)aHBum<rbs;eyIg´elIkmun { Sustainable Agriculture with Organic

Fertilizer”esovePAenHRtUv)ane)aHBum<eLIgkñúgkþIsgwÇmpSBVpSayeGay)anTUlMTUlayGMBIkarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb. esovePAenHepþatCasMxan;eTAelI CIkMb:usþ× CIlamkstV CIkMb:usþ×RKab; CITwk fñaMBulFmμCati Twkex μHeQInigFüÚg kareFVIdIEbbGPirkS karTb;sáat;karhUreRcaH ksi-rukçkm μ nig karsagsg;RsHTwk EdlCaviFIsaRsþGacykeTAGnuvtþn_)anedaygayRsYl.

eyIg´sgwÇmy:agmutmaMfaesovePAmKÁúeTsenHk¾nwgRtUv)aneRbICaRbeyaCn_ kñúgkarelIkkMBs; karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbtamry³karpSBVpSayedayPñak;garpSBVpSayBIsaklviTüal½y rWGgÁkar eRkArdæaPi)alnana k¾dUcCakareFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvcMNab;Garm μN_rbs;ksikrenAmUldæan rWsisSa nusisSeGaykan;EtsIuCMerAEfmeTotGMBIsar³RbeyaCn_énksikmμsmRsb.

éf¶TI 01 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2009

m:aQitu mIhar:a nig GaKImi hVÚCimUtU

RbFanbNÑaFIkar

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RbFanbNÑaFIkar m:aQitu mIhar:a nig GaKImi hVÚCimUtU saklviTüal½yksikmμtUküÚ RbeTsCb:un

KN³kmμkarbNÑaFIkar

saklviTüal½yksikmμtUküÚ ¬TUA¦ ekGisiuru GitahÁaKi hIrUKi GiNayhSÚmi GaKil mUham:ad nig kUlIn Gan;eKIsin viTüasßanEklMG nigGPirkSbrisßan ¬eGrIukun¦ takasiu GuGinu nig Cika GIusiuy:am:ak; saklviTüal½ykaesdsat ¬exyU¦ RbeTséf favan;sak; pUvsag saklviTüal½yxuneXn ¬exexyU¦ RbeTséf vidhay:a eRTLÚ-ehÁs nig m:ugXun ta-G‘Un smaKmn_GPivDÆn_brisßan nigCnbT ¬eGWud¦ RbeTséf LalIta sirIvDÆnanun nig ecr:anuc sak;xaMDYg saklviTüal½yPUminÞksikm μ ¬svPk¦ RbeTskm<úCa eg:a b‘unfan nig esg cinþa

GñkniBn§ GaKImi hVÚCimUtu ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 1 yUehGi hasiumUtu ¬sakl> CIhVú/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 hIrUKi GiNayhSÚmi ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 3 ekGisiuru GitahÁaKi ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 1 esGi kavak;mUr:ak; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 m:aQitu mIhar:a ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 1/ 2/ 3 GaKil mUham:ad ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 1/ 2/ 3 eg:a b‘unfan ¬svPk/ km<úCa¦³ CMBUk 2


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hIurUmu GUkahSava:k; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 favan;sak; pUvsag ¬exyU/ éf¦³ CMBUk 2 yU saGitu ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 ecr:anuc sak;xaMDYg ¬eGWud/ éf¦³ CMBUk 1/ 2/ 3 LalIta sirIvDÆnanun ¬eGWud/ éf¦³ CMBUk 1/ 2/ 3 KIy:Usiu taCIm:ak; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 kUtaru takar:adak; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 m:ugXun ta-G‘Un ¬sakl> Xunexn/ éf¦³ CMBUk 2 CUelon tUrILÚ ecG> ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2 vidhay:a eRTLÚ-ehÁs ¬sakl> Xunexn/ éf¦³ CMBUk 2 eknCI yUkUtak; ¬FIyUeG/ Cb:un¦³ CMBUk 2

¬erobtamlMdab;tYGkSrLataMg¦

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matika

GarmÖkfa matika I. esckþIepþIm

1>1 bBaðabrisßanénkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μkñúgeBlfμ I²enH 1>2 eKalkarN_énkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μsmRsb

II. karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb 2>1 CIkMb:usþ× 2>2 CIlamkstV 2>3 CIkMb:usþ×RKab; 2>4 CITwk 2>5 fñaMBulFmμCati 2>6 Twkex μHeQI nigFüÚg 2>7 kareFVIdIEbbGPirkS 2>8 karTb;sáat;karhUreRcaH 2>9 ksi-rukçkmμ 2>10 karsagsg;RsHTwk

III. esckþIsnñidæan Éksareyag


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I. esckIþepþIm

1>1 bBaðabrisßanénkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μkñúgeBlfμ I²enH bERmbRmYlKYeGaykt;sMKal;énRbB½n§ksikmμ)anekIteLIgkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ edaysar rdæaPi)alénRbeTsCaeRcIn)anpþl;fvikaTMnukbMrugelIvis½yksikmμ edIm,IFanakarpÁt;pÁg;GahareGay)an RKb;RKan;. CalT§pl ksikrPaKeRcIn)aneRbIsarFatuKImIksikm μdUcCa CIKImI fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itb¤esμA edIm,IrkSaTinñpldMNaMeGay)anx<s;. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kareRbIsarFatuKImIksikm μeRcInhYs ehtueBk)anb:HBal;dl;CICatidI nigplitPaByUGEgVgrbs;dIksikmμ. sarFatuKImIksikmμEdlhUrecjBIdIksikm μ)aneFVIeGayxUcdl;brisßanTwk . karxUcxatenH )anekIneLIgCabnþbnÞab;edaykarhUrnaMénPaKl¥itrbs;dIEdlbNþalmkBIsMNwkdI ¬rUbPaB 1>1¦. sMNwkdIk¾CaehtuEdlbNþaleGay)at;bg;KuNPaBdIpgEdr tamry³karhUreRcaHéndImemakenA RsTab;dIxagelI. CICatiEdlhUrnaMmkCamYysMNwkdITaMgenH )anFøak;cUleTAkñúgpøÚvTwk nigbMBuldl; RbPBTwk.

rUbPaB 1>1 lkçN³sMNwkdI

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fñaMsMlab;stVli¥tCaTUeTARtUv)anpSMeLIgBIsarFatuBulnana ehIynigsarFatuciBa©wmmYycMnYn dUcCaGasUt rWpUsV½r EdlCamUlehtunaMeGayekItmankarbMBulTwk ¬rUbPaB 1>2¦. karbMBulTwk KWCa dMeNIrkarEdlRbPBTwkTTYlnUvsarFatuciBa©wmeRcInelIskMrit bgálkçN³GMeNaypldl;karlUtlas; y:agqab;rh½sénBBYkbøg;tug nigPavrs;kñúgTwkepSg²eTot. karlUtlas;ya:gqab;rh½senHeFVIeGay kat;bnßykMritGuksIuEsnrlaykñúgTwk ehIyCamUlehtubNþaleGayPavrs;epSg²søab;)an.

rUbPaB 1>2 karbMBulTwkRsH

kardutsMGatkaksMNl;rukçCatiEdlGnuvtþedayksikrRtUv)ancat;TukfaCakarcaM)ac; eRBaHva CaviFIgayRsYl nigcMNaytickñúgkarsMGatsMNl;epSg²elIdIrbs;Kat;edIm,IeRtomsMrab;kardaMdMNaM bnÞab;. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kMedAkñúgeBldutenaH)ansMlab;mIRkUsrIragÁ rWstVl¥itmanRbeyaCn_ epSg²enAkñúgdI. cMENksmasPaBénsarFatuciBa©wmkñúgsMNl;rukçCatiEdlmanenAelIdIenaHk¾RtUv)an )at;bg;tamry³kardutenHpgEdr.

rUbPaB 1>3 kardutsMGatdI


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kar)aj;fñaMsMlab;esμA nigfñaMsMlab;stVl¥it ¬rUbPaB 1>4¦ Edlminmankaryl;dwgBIsuvtßiPaB énkareRbIR)as;GacbgáreGaymanbBaðaF¶n;F¶rCaeRcIndUcCa CatiBulCab;kñúgplitplksikmμ rWman CMgwdl;mnusSCaBiessKWCMgWmharIkEs,k ¬rUbPaB 1>5¦. dUecñH karENnaMdl;ksikrmUldæaneGay ecHeRbIR)as;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itRbkbedaysuvtßiPaBRtUvEtCaGtiPaBx<s;.

rUbPaB 1>4 kar)aj;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥iteday rUbPaB 1>5 CMgWmharIkEs,k K μansuvtßiPaB

rUbPaB 1>6 karENnaMGMBIkareRbIR)as;fñaMKImIsMlab;stVl¥itedaysuvtßiPaB

viFIeRbIR)as;fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itsMrab;suvtßiPaBrbs;GñkRbsinebIGñkcaM)ac;RtUveRbIfñaMKImIsMlab;stVl¥itelIdIksikm μrbs;Gñk

sUmkMuePøccMNucTaMgenH

RbPBBIesovePAENnaMénnaykdæanRKb;RKgkarbMBul 2007 www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/haz_chemicals_use.html

Bak;m:askarBar

Bak;eRsaméd Bak;exaeCIgEvg GavédEvg eBl)aj;fñaM lagsMGatédnigxøÜnR)aNbnÞab;BI )aj;fñaMrYc

fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itKImIman eRKaHfñak;dl;RtI nigstVkñúgTwk. sUmkMue)aHvacUleTAkñúgRbPBTwk.

Bak;mYknigr)aMgkarBarEPñk Bak;m:assMrab;kar karBarkMritx<s; Bak;rU:bkarBar Bak;Es,keCIg Tukdak;fñaMeGayputBI édekμg

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1>2 eKalkarN_énkarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb

ksikm μsmRsbcUlrYmnUvktþasMxan;bIénbrisßanFmμCati cMNUlesdækic© nigsmPaBsgÁm ¬rUbPaB 1>7¦. eTaHCaRbB½n§ksikmμEdlBwgEp¥ksarFatuKImIksikm μGacbegáInplitplGahar nig sarFatusréskñúgry³eBlxøIk¾eday vak¾bNþaleGaymanbBaðajbrisßanCaeRcIn. RbB½n§enHk¾GnuBaØat eGayksikrcMnYnticplitGahar nigsarFatusrés)aneRcInpgEdr.

brisßan

RbB½n§sgÁm esdækic©

rUbPaB 1>7 ktþasMxan;bIy:agénksikmμsmRsb

enAeBlEdlmankaryl;dwgBIbrisßanekIneLIg ksikrCaeRcInenAtMbn;epSg²Kña)ancab;epþIm

pøas;bþÚreTArkkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μsmRsb. eTaHbICamankarlM)akkñúgkarkMNt;niymn½yGMBI { PaB smRsb } kñúgvis½yksikmμk¾eday k¾mankarGnuvtþn_CaeRcInEdlnaMeTArkksikm μsmRsbdUcCa kareFVIksikmμsrIragÁ kardaMdMNaMqøas; ksikm μcMruH ksi-rukçkmμ rW ksikm μsMrab;hUbkñúgRKYsar.


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KuNRbeyaCn_énkarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbGacsegçb)andUcxageRkam³

1> karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbRtUv)anepþateTAelIkareRbIR)as;FnFankekIteLIgvij nig¼b¤FnFan GaceRbIR)as;eLIgvij. kareRbIR)as;énFnFanGackekIteLIgvijenAkñúgRbB½n§ksikmμGacman plRbeyaCn_cMeBaHbrisßan. ]TahrN_ sMNl;stV nigrukçCatiGacRtUv)aneRbIedIm,IeFVICIkMb:usþ× EdlGacCMnYssarFatuKImI.

2> karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbCYykarBarRbB½n§brisßanTaMgmUl EdlnaMeGayFnFanFm μCatiGac kekIteLIgvijCabnþbnÞab;. RbB½n§dMNaMvilCMuEdl)anGnuvtþedayksikrmYycMnYntUcenAtMbn;PñM GnuBaØateGayéRBeQIduHlUtlas;eLIgvijtamry³karkab;;rukçCatitUc² nigrkSaTukedImeQIFM².

3> karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbCYybegáInKuNPaBénCIvitrbs;buKÁlmñak; nigshKmn_TaMgmUl. edIm,I Gnuvtþksikm μsmRsb ksikreFVIskm μPaBmYycMnYnEdlCYybegáItR)ak;cMNUlCamYynwgkar cMNaytic.

4> RbB½n§ksikmμsmRsbKWCaRbB½n§pþl;KuNRbeyaCn_ . karbBa¢ÚncMeNHdwgGMBIkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μ smRsbBICMnan;mYyeTACMnan;mYyeTot manplRbeyaCn_xøaMgNas;sMrab;mnusSCMnan;eRkay. karBiPakSaGMBIkarGnuvtþn_ksikm μsmRsbrvagshKmn_epSgKña k¾CYyBRgwgcMeNHdwgrbs;RbCa CnmUldæaneGaykan;EtTUlMTUlaypgEdr.

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II. karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsb

karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbRtUv)ancab;GarmμN_ nigRbtibtþiedIm,IseRmc)anksikmμnigbrisßan RbkbedaynirnþrPaB. bc©úb,nñ mankarGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbCaeRcInEdlRtUv)aneKkMBugsikSa nig elIkKMeragsikSa. karGnuvtþn_ksikm μsmRsbdUcCa CIkMb:usþ× lamkstV CIkMb:usþ×RKab; CITwk fñaMBulFmμCati Twkex μHeQInigFüÜg kareFVIdIEbbGPirkS karTb;sáat;karhUreRcaH ksi-rukçkmμ nigkarsagsg;RsHTwk CaviFIgay²EdlksikrmUldæanGacGnuvtþ)ansMrab;dIksikmμrbs;Kat;. b:uEnþ karGnuvtþn_TaMgenHGacRtUvpøas;bþÚr b¤EkrtMrUveGayRtUveTAtamvtßúFatuedIm nigesckþIRtUvkarkñúgtMbn;.

rUbPaB 2> 1 karGnuvtþn_ksikmμsmRsbþenAtMbn;CMralPñM extþ eQog ér: RbeTséf


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2>1 CIkMb:usþ× CIkMb:usþ×EdlCaRbePTCIsrIragÁpSMecjBIsMNl;rukçCati KWCasarFatud¾manRbsiT§PaBkñúgkar begáInlkçN³rUb niglkçN³KImIrbs;dI. dMeNIrkarbMEbkFatuCakMb:usþ×edayBBYkmIRkUsrIragÁRtUvkar eBlevlaBI 1 eTA 3Ex. kñúgkMLúgeBleLIgem sItuNðPaBénsarFatueFVIkMb:us×þenHGacekIndl; 50 eTA 70 GgSaes. CIkMb:usþ×pþl;sar³RbeyaCn_kñúgkarbegáInsarFatusrIragÁkñúgdI begáInTMrg;dI nigCYyrkSa sMeNImrbs;dI.

2>1>1 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVICIkMb:usþ× • sMNl;rukçCatidUcCa cMebIg søwkGMeBA sMNl;sENþk Gacm_rNa sMNl;eBat es μA

søwkrukçCati .l. • dIEdlmanCICati ¬exμA hμt; nigmansMeNIm¦ • lamkstV • BBYkmIRkUsrIragÁmYycMnYnEdlmanRbsiT§PaBsMrab;karbMEbkCakMb:usþ×

rUbPaB 2>2 sMNl;rukçCatieRbICavtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVICIkMb:us×þ

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2>1>2 rebobeFVICIkMb:us×þ manrebobCaeRcInsMrab;eFVICIkMb:usþ×. rUbPaB 2>3 bgðajGMBIrebobeFVICIkMb:usþ×eBjniymkñúg cMeNamksikrmUldæan.

rUbPaB 2>3 rebobeFVICIkMb:usþ×epSg²Kña

2>1>3 CMh‘ankñúgkareFVICIkMb:usþ×

1¦ tMerobsMNl;rukçCati dI nig¼rW lakmkstV eTAkñúgRbGb;eFVICIkMb:usþ×

2¦ eRsacTwkeGayeCaK nighab; bnÞab;mkRKbvaedIm,IkMueGayePøóghUreRcaH

xül;

1) erobcMCaBMnUk ehIyRKbCamYynwgpøassÞik rYcs‘kbMBg;manrn§cUlkñúgBMnUkdI

b¤sSI rW bMBg;C½rmanrn§

2) dak;elIdIedayminRKb rYcs‘kbMBg;manrn§


3) dak;kñúgreNþAdIehIyRKbdIBIelI

RKb;edayKRmbdI RsTab;dI

4) dak;kñúgRbGb;edaymanbMBg;ecaHrn§


xül;


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3¦ RbsinebIGt;manbMBg;xül;ecjcUleT RtUvkayRtLb;evogral;s)þah_

2>1>4 bec©keTseFVICIkMb:usþ×

RbePT 1³ dak;CaRsTab;²eTAtamRbePTvtßúFatuedIm ehIyeRsacTwkRKb;RsTab;nImYy²

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RbePT 2³ cUkRtLb;sarFatuTaMgGs;eGaysBVcUlKña rYcehIyeRsacTwkeGayeCaK

kMNt;sMKal;³

- CICatienAkñúgCIkMb:usþ× nigry³eBlénkareLIgemxusKñaGaRs½yeTAtamRbePTvtßúFatuedIm

- mIRkUsrIragÁmanRbsiT§PaBEdldak;bEnßmeTAelIvtßúFatuedImCYyBenøÓndMeNIrkarénkareLIgem

- vtßúFatuedImEdlmankMritGasUteRcInk¾CYyBenøÓnkareLIgempgEdr

- ktþasMxan;bIy:agEdlCYybegáInkarbMEbkFatuCaCIkMb:usþ×KW sMeNIm xül; nigBBYkmIRkUsrIragÁ

rUbPaB 2>4 kareFVICIkMb:usþ×kñúgRTug enAextþkMBg;cam RbeTskm<úCa


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2>2 CIlamkstV

kaksMNl;énkarciBa©wmstVdUcCa lamkeKa RbbI b¤man; manCICati nigsarFatusrIragÁeRcIn. tamry³dMeNIrkareLIgem lamkTaMgenHbEmøgeTACaCIsrIragÁd¾l¥ehAfaCIlamkstV. b:uEnþ karTuk dak;kak;sMNl;énkarciBa©wmstVmin)ansmRsbGacnaMeTArkbBaðabrisßanF¶n;F¶rdUcCa karhUrecjén GasUt pUsV½r emeraK rWstVl¥itcéRg bEnßmBIelIkarbMBuledaykøin.

2>2>1 smÖar³sMrab;kareFVICIlamkstV

• RbePTlamkstVciBa©wmNamYydUcCa Gacm_eKa rW man;

rUbPaB 2>5 KMnrlamkstV

2>2>2 rebobeFVICIlamkstV

lakmkstVRtUvlaybBa©ÚlKña KrCaBMnUkx<s;Cag 1Em:Rt ehIyRKbCamYynwgRkNat;pøas; sÞikedIm,IbegáInsItuNðPaBkñúgkMLúgeBleLIgem ¬rUbPaB 2>5¦. CaTUeTARtUvkarry³eBl 1Ex edIm,I eGaylakmkstVTaMgenHeLIgem.

Gacm_eKa KRmbpøas;sÞik

x<s;Cag 1Em:Rt

sItuNðPaBsmRsbKI x<s;Cag 60 GgSaes

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rUbPaB 2>6 lamkeKamun nigeRkayeBlTukeGayeLIgemry³eBl 1Ex

kMNt;sMKal;³

- dMeNIrkareLIgemmansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;karkMcat;BBYkemeraK nigmIRkUsrIragÁeRKaHfñak;nana dUcCaGIu-kUéL ¬E-coli¦

- kardak;bEnßmmIRkUsrIragÁEdlmanRbsiT§PaB GacCYybegáInel,Óndl;kareLIgem

- manktþasMxan;bIy:agEdlCMrujdl;kareLIgeménlamkstVrYmman sMeNIm xül; nigmIRkUsrIragÁ k¾dUcCakarbMEbkFatuénsMNl;rukçCatipgEdr.

rUbPaB 2>7 KMnrlamkeKa


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2>3 CIkMb:usþ×RKab;

edaysardg;sIueténCIkMb:usþ×RbEhl 1/9Rkam¼s>m3 tUcCagdg;sIueténdIEdlman 2/7Rkam¼ s>m3 eFVIeGayTwkePøóg b¤TwkhUrelIépÞdIGachUrnaMykCIkMb:us×þedaygayCagdI. edIm,IbegáInPaBCab; RbqaMgnwgkarhUreRcaH nigedIm,IrkSaeGayCIkMb:us×þenAelIdI)anyUr enaHCIkMb:us×þRKab;BitCamanKuN sm,tiþ. mü:ageTot CIkMb:usþ×RKab;pþl;PaBgayRsYleRcIndl;ksikrkñúgkardwkCBa¢Ún nig)aceTAelIdI ksikm μrbs;Kat;ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgCIkMb:usþ×Fmμta eRBaHvamanTMrg;CaRKab;.

2>3>1 smÖar³sMrab;eFVICIkMb:usþ×RKab;

• CIkMb:us×þFmμta eFVIBIsMNl;rukçCati b¤lamkstV

• dI\dæ

• sárgU

rUbPaB 2>8 smÖar³ nigdMeNIrkarénkarplitCIkMb:us×þRKab;

2>3>2 rebobplitCIkMb:usþ×RKab;

GRtal,ayénCIkMb:usþ×Fm μta dI\dæ nigsárgUKYrEtmanPaKry 10 ³ 1 ³ 0/01 dUcbgðajkñúg

Processes :

Materials :

- Compost

- Soil

- Molasses

Compost

Soil

Molasses

Ratio

10 1

0.01

1. Mixing the materialsand put into the machine

2. Dryingfor 1-2 days

3. Granular compost is ready to use

vtßúFatuedIm³

kMb:us×þ

dI

sárgU

brimaN kMb:us×þ

sárgU

dI\dæ 3> layvtßúFatuedIm

cUlKñaehIydak; eTAkñúgmasIun

2> halry³eBl 1éf¶ b¤ 2éf¶

1> CIkMb:usþ×RKab;rYcral; sMrab;eRbIR)as;

dMeNIrkar³

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rUbPaB 2>8. dI\dæ nigsárgU eRbIsMrab;eFVIeGaykMb:usþ×s¥itCab;Kña. Twkk¾RtUv)anbEnßmeTAelIdMeNIrkar énkarplitCIkMb:us×þRKab;enHEdr.

manviFIBIry:agkñúgkareFVICIkMb:usþ×rayeTACaCIkMb:us×þRKab;KWeFVIedayéd nigedaym:asIun ¬rUbPaB 2>9/ 2>10¦. kareFVIedaym:asIunGacplitCIkMb:usþ×RKab;)anelOnCagkareFVIedayéd.

rUbPaB 2>9 CIkMb:usþ×RKab;plitedayéd

rUbPaB 2>10 CIkMb:usþ×RKab;plitedaym:asIun

kMNt;sMKal;³

- KYrcab;GarmμN_eTAelIbrimaNénsárgUEdl)anEfm. karlUtlas;énrukçCatiGacmanbBaðaRbsinebI dak;sárgUeRcInCagPaKryEdl)anelIkeLIgxagelI.


19

2>4 CITwk

CITwk KWCasarFaturavEdl)anBIsMNl;stV rWrukçCatiEdl)anbEmøgCakMb:usþ×tamry³kareLIg emedaymIRkUsrIragÁnana. kñúgdMeNIrkareLIgemCakarcaM)ac;RtUvbEnßmsárgU b¤sáFmμtaedIm,IciBa©wm BBYkmIRkUsrIragÁTaMgenaH.

manbNþMúsarFatuepSgKñaCaeRcInenAkñúgekasikarrukçCati nigstVdUcCa kabUnnIRdat RbUetGIun GamINUGasIut CIvCatirukçCati Gg;sIum b¤GkmUnrukçCati EdlGaceRbIR)as;sMrab;eFVICITwk)an.

2>4>1 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;kareFVICITwk

manrUbmnþCaeRcInkñúgkarbegáItCIravedIm,IeGayRsbeTAtameKalbMNgrbs;ksikr b¤edIm,I Kat;GacTTYlyk)an. vtßúFatuedImenAkñúgtMbn;EdlGacrk)anmandUcxageRkam³

• sMNl;rukçCati

• sMNl;stV

• EpøeQITMu

• sMNl;BIpÞH)ay rWsMNl;GaharepSg²

• sárgU rWsáFmμta

2>4>2 rebobbegáItCITwk

CITwkRtUv)anbegáItBIsMNl;rukçCati rWstVEdl)aneLIgemeRkamlkç½x½NÐmanxül; rWKμanxül;. karbEnßmmIRkUsrIragÁmanRbsiT§PaBmYycMnYn GacCYyeGaykarbEmøgkan;EtelOn. eRkABIkarbEnßm BBYkmIRkUsrIragÁmanRbsiT§PaBmYycMnYn sárgU rWsáFm μtak¾mansar³sMxan;sMrab;eFVICaGaharrbs; BBYkmIRkUsrIragÁpgEdr.

20

1¦ ci®Ba©aMvtßúFatuedImTaMgGs;eGayl¥it²

2¦ layvtßúFatuedImTaMgGs;Edl)anci®Ba©aMrYcCamYynwgsárgU b¤sáFmμta. mIRkUsrIragÁmanRbsiT§PaB nanaGacbEnßmenATIenH

3¦ dak;vtßúFatuedImEdllayehIyTaMgGs;eTAkñúgFugsMrab;eLIgem EfmTwk nigkUreGaysb;

dMeNIrkarbEmøgCaCIkMb:us×þRtUvkareBlRbEhl 30-60 éf¶. eRkayeBlbBa©b;dMeNIrkar eLIgemenH TwkBN’etñatmankøindUcGakul ¬rUbPaB 2>9¦ nwgekItmanenAkñúgFug. kalNavaenAman køins¥úy rWkiøncMELkxusBIGakul mann½yfadMeNIrkareLIgemenHenAminTan;bBa©b;enAeLIyeT. enAeBl enHKYrbEnßm sárgU rWsáFmμtaeTot.


21

rUbPaB 2>9 CIrav

rUbPaB 2>11 CITwk

kMNt;sMKal;³ - kñúgkMLúgeBldMeNIrkareLIgemminRtUvbitKMrbFugCiteBkeT

- edIm,IbegáInkMritGuksIuEsn RtUvkUrl,aykúñgFugerogral; 3éf¶mþg

- bnÞab;BIeFVICITwkenHrYcehIy RtUvrkSaFugTukkñúgmøb;

- CITwkKWCaCIEdlmankMhab;x<s;. RtUvBRgavvaBI 10 eTA 100 dg CamYyTwkmuneBleRbIvaeTAelI dMNaM.

esckþIbEnßm³ rUbmnþmYycMnYnsMrab;karplitCIravmandUcxageRkam³

rUbmnþ 1³ RtBaMg2KILÚÚÚÚRkam Bnøkeck2KILÚRkam RtkYn2KILÚRkam søwksENþk2KILÚRkam sárgU 3KILÚRkam mIRkUsrIragÁ1kBa©b; nig Twk50lIRt

rUbmnþ 2³ eckTMu2KILÚRkam lðúgTMu2KILÚRkam el<A2KILÚRkam sárgU3KILÚRkam mIRkUsrIragÁ1kBa©b; nig Twk 50lIRt

rUbmnþ 3³ søwknigEpøm:rinda5KILÚRkam løúgTMu5KILÚRkam mñas;TMu5KILÚRkam sáetñat5KILÚRkam nig Twk 15lIRt

rUbmnþ 4³ sMNl;RtI12KILÚRkam sárgU7KILÚRkam mIRkUsrIragÁ1kBa©b; nig Twk15lIRt

22

2>5 fñaMBulFmμCati

karyl;dwgGMBIKuNvibtþiénsarFatuKImIksikmμ )anCMrujeGayksikrEsVgrknUvvtßúFatuedImnana sMrab;plitfñaMBuledIm,ITb;Tl;nwgstVl¥itbMpøaj nigCMgWrukçCatinanakñúgksidæanrbs;xøÜn.

enAtamtMbn;nanaksikreRbIRbePTedImeQI esμA rWCIedIm,IkarBardMNaMksikmμBIBBYkstVbMpøaj rWCMgW. karGnuvtþn_TaMgenHRtUv)anehAfaCacMeNHdwgkñúgRsuk ehIykMBugRtUv)ansikSaedayGñkviTüa sa®sþedIm,IGPivDÆnUvfñaMBulpSMBIrukçCatiTaMgenaHeGaykan;EtmanRbsiT§PaBx<s;EfmeTot.

2>5>1 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFm μCati

manRbePTrukçCati rWtiNeTsCaeRcInEdlmanpÞúknUvsarFatumanRbsiT§PaBGackarBardMNaM BIkarbMpøajedayBBYkstVbMpøaj rWCMgW.

• rukçCati rWesμAEdlmanpÞúknUvsarFatumanRbsiT§PaBsMrab;karBardMNaMBIkarbMpøajedayBBYk stVl¥itcéRg rWCMgW mandUcCa esþA ¬GahSaDIrac;ta GinDika¦ edImT®nÞagExRt ¬GW)a:ferom GudraFum¦ fñaMCk; ¬nIkUET¢na ta)aKum¦ eRbgxül; møÚ ¬TINUs<:r:a RKIs,:a¦ páaés,erOg ¬taEhÁt GWricta¦ søwkéRK ¬sIumbUb:UhÁún NaDws¦ remot ¬XWXüÚm:a LúghÁa¦ emÞs rW Kl;søwkéRK.

esþA edImT®nÞanExRt


23

rUbPaB 2>12 rukçCati rWtiNeTssMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFmμCati

2>5>2 rebobeFVIfñaMBulFm μCati

edayGaRs½yeTAtameKalbMNg nigTItaMgéntMbn; vtßúFatuedImEdleRbIsMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFmμCati GacRtUv)anpøas;bþÚr. dMeNIrkarénkarcRmaj;sarFatumanRbsiT§PaBBIvtßúFatuedImnanaGacRtUvEbgEck

Kl;søwkéRK emÞs

søwkéRK remot

fñaMCk; eRbgxül;

møÚ pþaés,erOg

24

CaBIrrebobdUcxageRkam ³

1¦ vtßúFatuedImmYycMnYnGacykmkeRbI)anPøam². ci®Ba©aMvaeGayl¥itrYc)ac;eTACMuvijKl;dMNaM.

2¦ sarFatuRbePTxøHeTotRtUvkareFVIeGayeLIgemsineTIbGaceRbI)an. ry³eBlénkareLIgemKW RbEhl 30 eTA 60 éf¶ edIm,IcRmaj;sarFatumanRbsiT§PaBecjBIvtßúFatuedImTaMgenH. GaRs½y tamsarFatu GakulGacRtUv)anbEnßmedIm,IeGaykarcRmaj;sarFatukan;EtgayRsYl.

rUbPaB 2>13 kareRtomvtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFm μCati

rUbPaB 2>14 kardak;eGayeLIgeménvtßúFatuedImry³eBl 30 eTA 60 éf¶

kMNt;sMKal;³

- fñaMBulFmμCatimanplb:HBal;tictYcdl;brisßan nigmnusS

- fñaMBulFmμCatiEdl)aneLIgemmankMhab;x<s;. RtUvBRgavkMhab;BI 10 eTA 100 dg CamYyTwk munnwgeRbIeTAelIdMNaM .


25

]bsm<½n§³ rUbmnþmYycMnYnsMrab;eFVIfñaMBulFm μCatimanbgðajdUcxageRkam³ rUbmnþsMrab;karBarRTIb ³ søwkGakasüa2KILÚRkam RtUyesþA1Fug rMedg2KILÚRkam mIRkUsrIragÁman

RbsiT§PaB1Ekv sárgU3KILÚRkam nig Twk30lIRt ¬ry³eBleLIgem 20éf¶¦

rUbmnþsMrab;karBardgáÚvkat;edIm ³ remot1KILÚRkam nigTwk40lIRt ¬bukremoteGayhμt;rYcdak;RtaMkñúg TwkTukry³eBlbIbYnéf¶¦

rUbmnþsMrab;karBarBBYkéc ³ emÞss¶ÜÜt1KILÚRkam nigTwk10lIRt ¬bukemÞseGayhμt;ehIydak;RtaMkñúg

TwkTukry³eBl 1yb;¦

rUbmnþkarBarmmacetñat ³ RKab;esþA 1KILÚÚRkam nigTwk 20lIRt ¬bukRKab;esþAeGayhμt; rYcdak;RtaM

kñúgTwkTukry³eBl 1yl;¦

26

2>6 TwkexμHeQI nigFüÚg

Twkex μHeQI KWCaGgÁFaturavEdl)anmkBIkardutFüÚgkñúgdMeNIrkardutkMedAeRkaml½kçx½NÐK μan xül;. kñúgkMLúgeBldutenH EpSgRtUv)aneFVIeGaykkRsk;eTACaTwkBN’etñatehAfa TwkexμHeQI ¬rUbPaB 2>15¦.

mankareRbIR)as;eRcIncMeBaHTwkex μHeQIdUcCa eRbICasarFatubM)at;køin GgÁFatubnSúT§ rWeRbI kñúgvis½yevC¢sa®sþCaedIm. cMeBaHkareRbIR)as;kñúgvis½yksikmμ ksikrGaceRbITwkexμHeQIsMrab;karBar stVl¥itbMpøajnana begáInkarlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM b¤eFVIeGaydMNaMlUtlas;)anl¥.

rUbPaB 2>15 sMNakénTwkex μHeQI

2>6>1 vtßúFatuedImsMrab;eFVITwkexμHeQI nigFüÚg

• RbePTeQINamYyk¾)an • sMbkFugsamgcMNuH 200 lIRt sMrab;eFVIc®gáan • bMBg;TIBekag ¬Ggát;p©wt 10sg;TIEm:Rt¦ • bMBg;TIBEvgRbEvg 1Em:Rt ¬Ggát;p©wt 10sg;TIEm:Rt¦ • \dætan;cMnYn 5 • fμ\dæ

W

RbPB: www.plai.co.th/organic/pic/icon/agr_1.jpg


27

rUbPaB 2>16 KMrULeFVITwkex μHeQI

2>6>2 rebobeFVITwkex μHeQI nigFüÚg

Lmansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkareFVITwkex μHeQI nigFüÚg.

1¦ dak;sMbkFugsaMgelIdMu\dæehIyeFVICBa¢aMg

2¦ P¢ab;bMBg;TIBeTAnwgFugsaMgedaybiTnwgdI\dæ 3¦ dak;eQI rWb¤sSIcUleTAkñúgFugsaMgdUcbgðajkñúgrUbPaB A nig B

4¦ erob\dætan;begáItkEnøgbgáat;ePøIgenABImuxFug

dI\dælayCamYyTwk

fμ

B A

dI b¤xSac;

28

5¦ bgáat;ePøIg

6¦ dutePøIgeGayeqHrhUtEpSgERbBIBN’seTABN’RbepH bnÞab;mkbnßyePøIgedayRtYtBinitü brimaNxül;cUltamry³karEktRmUvrn§xül;.

7¦ bnÞab;BIbnßyePøIgry³eBl 30naTI eTA 1em:ag EpSgnwgERbCaBN’slayelOgRsal. eBl enHcab;epþImRtgykTwkexμHeQI.

8¦ bnÞab;BIRbmUlykTwkexμHeQIehIy EpSgnwgERbeTACaBN’slayexov. bnÞab;BIenaHRtUvebIkrn§ xül;ry³eBl 20-30 naTI. EpSgnwgERbeTACaBN’exovc,as; dUcenHRtUvbitrn§xül;nigbMBg; EpSg. bnÞab;BI)anry³eBl 12-15 em:ag RtUvebIkecjedIm,IRbmUlykFüÚg.

kMNt;sMKal;³ - edIm,ITTYl)anTwkexμHeQIEdlmanKuNPaBx<s; sItuNðPaBeBldutRtUvenAcenøaHBI 300 eTA 425

GgSaes

- kñúgTwkexμHeQImanTwkRbmaN 80-90PaKry nigsarFatusrIragÁ 200 RbePT

- eb:has ¬pH¦ énTwkexμHeQIKuNPaBl¥mantMélRbEhl 2/0-3/2 nigdg;sIuetRbEhl 1/007-1/024.

rn§xül;

TwkexμHeQI


29

- bnÞab;BIRbmUlTwkex μHeQIBIdMeNIrkardutFüÚgehIy rkSaTukry³eBl 3Ex. TwkexμHeQInwgecjCa TMrg; 3RsTab;³ RsTab;TI1KWeRbgRsal RsTab;TI2KWTwkexμHeQI nigRsTab;TI3KWCaC½r. manEt RsTab;TI2eTEdlGacykmkeRbICaTwkex μHeQI)an.

rUbPaB 2>17 FüÚgnigTwkex μHeQIEdlplitCamYynwgLeFVIedayéd enARbeTséf

30

2>7 karerobcMdIEbbGPirkS

tYnaTIsMxan;énkarerobcMdIKWkarbegáIndl;karlUtlas;éndMNaM karCYysMrYldl;karRtYtBinitü sMNab nigkarkMcat;es μAcéRg ¬rUbPaB 2>18¦. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday karerobcMdIGacpþl;pl b:HBal;dl;RbB½n§eGkULÚsIuFm μCati nigplitPaBdIpgEdr RbsinebIkarerobcMdIRbRBwT§eTAeRcInhUs kMrit ¬rUbPaB 2>19¦. enAkñúgTsSvtSf μ I²enH karerobcMdIEbbGPirkSRtUv)anGnuvtþn_y:agTUlMTUlay eRBaHvaCYybegáInkarTb;Twk nigkat;bnßykar)at;bg;dI.

rUbPaB 2>18 RbB½n§P¢Ürras;dIepSg²

rUbPaB 2>19 sMNwkdIEdlekIteLIgelIdIksidæanEdlP¢Ürras;ehIy

2>7>1 sMPar³sMrab;kareFVIdIEbbGPirkS

• esμA b¤ sMNl;rukçCatiepSg² • ]bkrN_sMrab;eFVIdIEbbGPirkSdUcCa eQIbus rW cbCIk


31

2>7>2 reboberobcMdIEbbGPirkS

1¦ Tuky:agtic 30° énépÞdIeGayRKbedayesμA b¤sMNl;rukçCati

2¦ kat;bnßykarerobcMdIeRcInsar

3¦ karerobcMdIedayeRbIeQIbusSk¾manRbsiT§PaBpgEdr

kMNt;sMKal;³ - ]bkrN_erobcMdI b¤]bkrN_EfTaMdMNaM mankarERbRbYleTAtamTMenomTMlab;énkarGnuvtþn_rbs;

ksikrkñúgtMbn; - esμA rWsMNl;rukçCatiEdlsl;enAelIépÞdIGacCYykat;bnßysMNwkdI.

karerobcMdIFm μta karerobcMdIEbbGPirkS

kareRbIeQIbusSsMrab;eFVIdI

32

2>8 karTb;sáat;kahUreRcaH

ERscMkarenAtMbn;x<g;rab gayTTYlrgnUvsMNwkdIy:agxøaMgCaBiessenAkñúgRbeTstMbn;RtUBik EdlEtgEtmanePøógxøaMgCajwkjab;. kar)at;bg;dI nigsarFatuciBa©wmrbs;dIEdlekIteLIgedaykarhUr eRcaHBIdIksikmμmanplb:HBal;y:agF¶n;F¶rdl;KuNPaBTwkénRbPBTwknana nigbrisßan. kareFVIr)aM karBarkarhUreRcaH KWCaviFIsa®sþmYyEdlmanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarkat;bnßykar)at;bg;dI nigsarFatuciBa©wm rbs;dIBIépÞdIksikmμ.

2>8>1 smÖar³sMrab;eFVIr)aMkarBarkarhUreRcaH

mansMPar³eRcInRbePTsMrab;beFVIr)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaH • esμA b¤ rukçCati ¬sMrab;r)aMges μAkarBarkarhUreRcaH¦ • sMbkRskIdUg ¬sMrab;r)aMgRskIdUgkarBarkarhUreRcaH¦ • rukçCatiduHenAtamdgTenø ¬sMrab;r)aMgrukçCatikarBarkarhUreRcaHtamRCaMgTenø¦

2>8>2 rebobeFVIr)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaH 1¦ segát nigKUsvasBIlkçN³énkarhUreRcaHelIdIcMkar 2¦ eRCIserIsTItaMgsmRsbsMrab;dak;r)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaHenAkñúgdIcMkarenaH. r)aMgkarBarkar

hUreRcaHenHKYrEtdak;eGaykat;TTwgénlMhUrelIépÞenaH.

rUbPab 2>20 r)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaHenAelIdIcMkar


33

rUbPaB 2>21 r)aMgRskIdUgkarBarkarhUreRcaHenAelIdIksidæan

3¦ bnÞab;BIeRCIserIssmÖar³EdlGaceRbIsMrab;begáItr)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaH)anehIy yksmÖar³ TaMgenaHeTAdak;kñúgcMkar.

4¦ cMeBaHkarTb;sáat;karhUreRcaHtammat;Tenø RtUvrkSarukçCatinanaEdlduHtammat;TenøenaH

kMNt;sMKal;³ - viFITaMgenHGacCYykat;bnßy)anRbEhl 50° eTA 70°énkar)at;bg;dI nigsarFatuciBa©wmrbs;dI

- viFITb;sáat;karhUreRcaHTaMgenHGacCYybegáInkarRsUbykTwkrbs;dIpgEdr

- KYrkb;RskIdUgcUleTAkñúgdIy:agticRbEvgBak;kNþalénRskIdUg

r)aMgkarBarkarhUreRcaHRskIdUg

RskIdUmuneBldMeGayTYk

bnÞab;BIdMeGayTYk

34

2>9 ksi-rukçkmμ

ksi-rukçkmμ KWCaRbB½n§ksikmμsmRsbmYyEdlmanGtßRbeyaCn_TaMgedaypÞal;nigRbeyal mandUcCa bnßykarswkrIkriléndI CMrujclnavdþFnFanFmμCati begáInR)ak;cMNUldl;ksikr nigkat; bnßykarbMBulbrisßan.

2>9>1 sMPar³sMrab;begáItksi-rukçkm μ

• RbePTdMNaMNamYy edImeQI rW esμA .

2>9>2 rebobbegáItksi-rukçkm μ

1¦ ksi-rukçkmμkñúgépÞdIrabes μIénCMralPñM³ sMNwkdIF¶n;F¶r nigkar)at;bg;sarFatuciBa©wmrbs;dIEtgEt ekIteLIgCajwkjab;enAelIépÞdIrabesμ IénCMralPñM. dITMenrCaBiessenATICMralGacRtUvRKbeday rukçCatiCamYynwgksi-rukçkm μ.

ksi-rukçkm μCamYynwgr)aMgkarhUreRcaHedayeRbIesμA ksi-rukçkm μCamYynwgesμA

ksi-rukçkm μCamYydMNaMesdækic© ksi-rukçkm μCamYytiNeTs nigdMNaMesdækic©

épÞdIrabes μI edImeQIdMNaM

épÞrabes μ IdMNaM edImeQIes μA es μA

épÞdIrabes μI edImeQI dMnaMrYmpSM

épÞrabes μ I edImeQI

es μA dMNaMsMrab;lk;


35

rUbPaB 2>22 épÞrabes μ IénTICMralkarBarkarhUreRcaHedayeRbIes μA

2¦ ksi-rukçkmμenAelIdIksikm μtMbn;x<g;rab³ ksi-rukçkmμk¾manGtßRbeyaCn_pgEdrsMrab;dIERscMkar enAtMbn;x<g;rabTaMgTICMral rWTIrabes μ I.

kardaMedImeQIlaycMruHCamYydMNaMesdækic© kardaMedImeQIB½T§CMuvijdIdaMdMNaM

rUbPaB 2>23 kardaMedImeQIlaycMruHCamYydMNaM

C CedImeQI dMNaM edImeQI dMNaM

36

3¦ ksi-rukçkmμkñúgbrievNdIPUmi³ enACMuvijdIPUmi edImeQIEdldaMeqøaHKñaCamYynwgeQIhUbEpø tiNeTs rWdMNaM pþl;nUvsarFatusrIragÁCaeRcIn.

kMNt;sMKal;³ - edImeQIEdlmanlkçN³rMxan;dl;karlUtlas;énrukçCatiepSgminGacykmkeRbIsMrab;eFVIksi-rukçkmμ

)aneLIy

- ksi-rukçkmμCYyCMrujdl;;vdþénFnFanFm μCati.

eQIhUbEpø tiNeTs rW dMNaMedImeQI


37

2>10 karsagsg;RsHTwk

karsagsg;RsHCaFmμtaRtUv)aneFVIenAkEnøgmeRcaH rWenAcMNucEdlTwkhUrecjBIdIcMkar. karsg;RsHGacRtUveFVIedayCIkdI rWbegáItCaTMnb;dIkat;TTwgcg¥ÚrénkarhUreRcaHenaH. mat;RckénRsH eRcInRtUv)ansg;edayeRbIdMufμFM² rWcak;ebtug. vaGacTb;PaKl¥iténdI)any:agl¥ b:uEnþminGacTb;sar FatuciBa©wmEdlrlaykñúgTwk)aneLIy. rukçCatinanakñúgTwkGacRsUbyksarFatuciBa©wmTaMgenH.

2>10>1 smÖar³sMrab;sagsg;RsH

• ]bkrN_sMrab;CIkdI • fμ rW ebtug • varICatimYycMnYndUcCa RbePTkk; kMepøak nig BBYkckepSg²

2>10>2 rebobkñúgkarsagsg;RsH

1¦ segát nigKUsvasBIlkçN³lMhUrénkarhUreRcaHelIdIksidæan

rUbPaB 2>24 sMNwkhUreRcaHelIdIksidæan

38

2¦ eRCIserIskEnøgEdlRsHKYRtUvsagsg; enAkñúg b¤CMuvijdIcMkar

3¦ CIkdIenAkEnøgTwkhUrecj b¤sg;TMnb;dIkat;TTwgcg¥ÚrénkarhUreRcaHenaH

rUbPaB 2>25 RsHTwkkMBugsagsg;

4¦ eRbIvarICatiedIm,IRsUbyksarFatuciBa©wmEdlrlaykñúgTwk

rUbPaB 2>26 varICatidUcCa BBYkkk;¬rUbxageqVg¦ kMepøak¬rUbkNþal¦ nigck¬rUbxagsþaM¦

kMNt;sMKal;³

- Pk;EdlekInenAkñúg)atRsHKYrEtsþarecj

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39

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40

Éksareyag

1) Abbott, J. C. and Markeham, J. P. 1990: Agricultural Economics and Marketing in the Tropics, 2nd edition, Longman, Essex, UK

2) Chihashi, S. and Xun, J. 2001: Studies on Phalaenopsis Growth and the Nutrient Absorption in Different Potting Materials, Department of Life Science, Aichi University of Education

3) Gerber, M. J. 1990: Principles of Agricultural Sustainability, http:// newfarm.rodaleinstitute.org/features/1002/roland_lound/indext.shtml

4) Hasegawa, T. 1990: Biseibutunobunnruitodoutei (in Japanese), http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut

5) Information of charcoal making, http://www.planenergy.co.th/node/38

6) Information of making compost, http://www.chikusan-kankyo.jp/taihiss /taihi/taihi.htm

7) Information of manure production, http://www.chikusan-kankyo.jp/ taihiss /taihi/taihi.htm

8) Information of wood vinegar, http://plai.co.th/organic/pic/icon/agr_1. jpg

9) Jin, C. X. and Römkens, M. J. M. 2001: Experimental Studies of Factors in Determining Sediment Trapping in Vegetative Filter Strips, Transactions of ASAE, 44(2), pp.277-288

10) Kadota, M. et al. 2004: Effects of Charcoal with Pyrolineous Acid and Farmyard Manure on Bedding Plientia, Horticulture, 101, pp.327 -332

11) Mihara, M. and Fujimoto, A. 2007: Sustainable Agriculture with Organic Fertilizer, Institute of Environment Rehabilitation and Conservation, Tokyo, Japan

12) Mihara, M. 2001: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses due to Soil Erosion during a Typhoon, Japan, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 78(2), pp.209-216

13) Panyakul, W. and Sukjirattikan, J. 2003: Situation of Thai Organic Agriculture, World Organic Agriculture (in Thai), Earth Net Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand, p. 66

14) Pollution Control Department 2007: Chemical Pesticide, http://www. pcd.go.th/info_serv/haz_chemicals_use.html


41

15) Siriwattananon, L. and Mihara, M. 2008: Efficiency of Granular Compost in Reducing Soil and Nutrient Losses under Various Rainfall Intensities, Journal of Environmental Information Science, 36-5, pp.37-44

16) Takahashi, K., Hayashi, S., Nakamura, F., Tsuji, T., Tsuchiya, S. and Imaizumi, H. 2003: A Review on Buffer Width Required for Ecological Functions of Riparian Forests, Ecology and Civil Engineering, 5-2, pp.139-167

17) Treatment of Livestock Excrements. http://www.maff.go.jp/j/chikusan/ ankyo/taisakn/t_siryo/05_bosui/pdf/3_pamphlet22.pdf

18) Xinxi, Jiang. 2004. Wood Charcoal and Pyroligneous Liquor Technology, http//www.cn/dz/en/charcoal-tech.htm

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