FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT End of Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Report 2009 for Lay Volunteers International Association (LVIA) THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION February 2010 Lay Volunteer International Association, P.O. Box 1684, MERU. Tel: +254 064 32865 Em: [email protected]WATSAN Consultants P.O. Box 47730 - 00100, NAIROBI, Kenya. Tel: +254 733 730614 / +254 20 2011128 em: [email protected]
Transcript
FINALFINALFINALFINAL REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT
End of Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Report 2009
for Lay Volunteers International Association (LVIA)
THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION
Table of Content 1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Project Brief Summary ....................................................................................... 3 2.0 Terms of Reference for the Consultancy done by WATSAN Consultants ............ 3
2.1 Overall objective................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Purpose for the Consultancy ............................................................................... 4 2.3 Results to be achieved by WATSAN Consultant ............................................... 4 2.3 SCOPE OF THE WORK.................................................................................... 4
2.3.1 Project description ...................................................................................... 4 2.3.2 Geographical area to be covered.................................................................5 2.3.3 Target groups .............................................................................................. 5
2.4 Specific activities ................................................................................................ 6 2.50 Consultancy Done so Far .................................................................................... 7
2.5.1 Consultancy done by NETWAS International from 2007 to 2008............. 7 2.5.2 Current Consultancy being Done by WATSAN......................................... 8
3.0 Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign........................................................ 8 3.1 Hygiene and Sanitation Campaign Messages................................................... 10 3.2 Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Plan.......................................... 10
3.2.1 Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Forms................................................ 10 3.2.2 Monitoring of Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign .................. 11 3.2.3 Household Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Results........... 12 3.2.4 Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign in Primary School............ 15 3.2.5 Hygiene and Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign for Groups.. 15
3.3 Constraints Encountered During the HS Promotion Campaign ....................... 15 4.0 Achievements of HSP Campaign at the end of January 2010 .............................. 15
4.1 Overall Household HS Promotion Campaign................................................... 15 4.2 School HS Promotion Campaign......................................................................16 4.3 Group Meeting HS Promotion Campaign......................................................... 16
5.0 Impact of the HSP Campaign ............................................................................... 16 5.1 Impact of HSP Campaign Promotion at Household - Sampling....................... 17
5.1.1 Household General Environmental Sanitation.......................................... 17 5.1.2 Refuse Disposal ........................................................................................ 17 5.1.3 Construction of New Latrines................................................................... 17 5.1.3 Latrine Cleanliness and Use by All .......................................................... 19 5.1.5 Cleanliness of Area around the Latrine .................................................... 19 5.1.6 Hand Washing Improvement .................................................................... 19 5.1.7 Handling of Domestic Water at Household .............................................. 19 5.1.8 Drying of Utensils Using Dish Racks....................................................... 19
5.2 Impact of HSP Campaign at Schools................................................................ 21 5.2.1 General Cleanliness of the School after the Campaign ............................ 21 5.2.2 Personal Cleanliness of the Pupils after the HSP Campaign .................... 21 5.2.3 State of Latrine after the HSP Campaign.................................................. 22 5.2.4 Cleanliness around the Latrines ................................................................ 22 5.2.5 Hand Washing Behavior ...........................................................................22
5.3 Discussion with HSPs on the Impact HS Promotion Campaign....................... 22
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5.3.1 HS Improvement in Thiiti Sub-location Status......................................... 22 5.3.2 HS Improvement in Kanjoro Sub-location Status.................................... 23 5.3.4 HS Improvement in Irunduni Sub-location............................................... 23 5.3.5 HS Improvement in Gatue Sub-location Status ........................................ 23 5.3.6 HS Improvement in Rukurini Sub-location Status ................................... 23 5.3.7 HS Improvement in Urru Sub-location Status .......................................... 23 5.3.8 HS Improvement in Mbaranga Sub-location -Status ................................ 23 5.3.9 HS Improvement in Ametho Sub-location Status..................................... 24 5.3.10 HS Improvement in Kirwiro Sub-location Status..................................... 25 5.3.11 HS Improvement in Mugae Sub-location Status ...................................... 25 5.3.12 HS Improvement in Karama Sub-location Status..................................... 25
6.0 Post HSP Campaign Monitoring Forms. .............................................................. 25 7.0 Stakeholder Meeting Called to Discuss Way Forward ......................................... 26
7.1 Specific Objective related to Stakeholder Meeting .......................................... 26 7.2 Workshop Recommendations ........................................................................... 26
8.0 Conclusion and Recommendation ........................................................................ 27 Appendix I: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Plan of Activity ............... 28 Appendix II: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Forms .......................... 29 Appendix III: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion – Group Meetings Details............. 32 Appendix IV: Post HSP Campaign Monitoring Forms ............................................... 36
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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Project Brief Summary The Water Facility 9 ACP RPR 39/50 project is funded by the European Union (EU) through Lay Volunteers International Association (LVIA) and addresses water and sanitation needs of the community in Meru Central, Meru North and Tharaka Districts.. The activities falling under this Water and Sanitation program are as listed here-below:-
1. Extension of Mukothima Water Project. 2. Extension of Kanoo-Mula Water Project in Tigania 3. Rainwater Harvesting and Sanitation Project at household level 4. Construction of water Ponds 5. Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign (two phases).
This EU - Water Facility project is being implemented by LVIA (Lay Volunteers Association), CDM (Catholic Diocese of Meru) and RPK (Resources Project Kenya) since August 2006. One of the activities of the project was “Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion”. A Service Contract was done from November 2007 to November 2008 by NETWAS International. It consisted of preparation of a baseline survey in the target area, the development of a training curriculum, the actual training on Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) and Child Hygiene and Sanitation Training (CHAST) methods of 24 H&S promoters (2 per sub-location) that have then embarked on a dissemination campaign within their respective communities. The reports of the consultancy are with LVIA office at Catholic Diocese of Meru. The reports produced by NETWAS International were-
� Baseline Survey of Water and Sanitation Program in Meru District � Development of a Training Curriculum for Water and Sanitation Program � Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) Training
2.0 Terms of Reference for the Consultancy done by WATSAN Consultants
2.1 Overall objective The overall objective of the consultancy is as follows:- To contribute to improvement of the livelihoods in the 4 target areas of the three Districts by improving sustainable access to water for both domestic consumption and other livelihood activities.
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2.2 Purpose for the Consultancy One of the components of the overall Action was a Hygiene and Sanitation (H&S) promotion Programme to be carried out in 12 selected Sub-Locations of the three Districts, namely Meru Central, Meru North and Tharaka. The specific purpose of this Service Contract was: 1. To increase Hygiene and Sanitation (H&S) awareness amongst households and
institutions in the target area;
2. Link the Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters (HSPs) to other relevant stakeholders in the sector.
2.3 Results to be achieved by WATSAN Consultant The results that had to be achieved by the consultants were as listed here below:-
a) H&S tools provided by the previous Consultant are disseminated among H&S promoters, Government institutions, schools and other relevant stakeholders.
b) Bring together relevant stakeholders involved in H&S in the target area and work out ways and means of collaboration, obtaining a global consensus on applied methodology and a participatory action plan.
c) Promotion of a major H&S campaign of three months using CHAST and PHAST methods to cover at least 1,200 households + 15 primary schools in the target area, with a total of 12,000 beneficiaries according to ToR for such campaign agreed upon with the Contracting Authority and counterparts.
d) Ensure that the 24 H&S promoters are motivated, well equipped and properly monitored to continue the campaign.
e) Strategies for future of the campaign beyond contract duration are developed and shared with the contract authorities and relevant stakeholders.
2.3 SCOPE OF THE WORK
2.3.1 Project description Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion is regarded as a component that goes hand-in-hand with the provision of clean and wholesome water to the beneficiaries of the Action, in line with the MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS of halving the proportion of people without access to sanitation by the year 2015. The Consultant will work with the already trained 24 promoters, the communities as well as the partners (in this project) and other stakeholders to promote H&S best practices among the communities.
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2.3.2 Geographical area to be covered The sub-locations in which the HSP was to be done is as detailed below:-
- KITHIMA in Kiirua Location of Meru Central District
- NKANDO in Kiirua Location of Meru Central District
- KITHUENE in Rwarera Location of Meru Central District
- KIRWIRO in Rwarera Location of Meru Central District
- MUGAE in Rwarera Location of Meru Central District
- MBARANGA in Karama Location of Meru North District
- URRU in Karama Location of Meru North District
- AMETHO in Karama Location of Meru North District
- THIITI in Thiti Location of Tharaka District
- IRINDUNI in Gikingo Location of Tharaka District
- KANJORO in Kanjoro Location of Tharaka District
- GATWE in Gatwe Location of Tharaka District
2.3.3 Target groups Details related to sub-locations and their populations are as detailed in Table 1:- Table 1: Population in sub-locations of Meru Central, Meru North and Tharaka districts
District Sub-Locations Households Estimated Population
1. KITHIMA 795 2.500
2. NKANDO 668 2.800
3. KITHUENE 514 2.200 MERU CENTRAL
4. MUGAE 253 900
Total 2.230 8.400
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Table 1: Population in sub-locations of Meru Central, Meru North and Tharaka Districts (Contd.)
The total estimated households for the 12 Sub-Locations are 9,662 and the total estimated population for the 12 Sub-Locations is 46,867.
2.4 Specific activities The specific activities are as follows:
1. The consultant will familiarize with the activities carried out within the previous contract;
2. He will be required to initiate stakeholders’ consultation meetings within the target areas and liaise with public health officers on the ground, with the goal of obtaining the consensus on applied methodology and to prepare a participatory comprehensive action plan, complete with roles & responsibilities for each stakeholder;
3. Multiplication of materials provided by the previous contract, if deemed necessary;
4. The Consultant will organize and carry out a three days refresher and motivating workshop for the 24 H&S promoters to share strategies and develop an action plan; other stakeholders will be invited during the last day of the workshop to make them aware of the planned activities envisaged in the campaign;
District Sub-Locations Households Estimated Population
1. AMETHO 1.101 6.400
2. URRU 686 4.300
MERU NORTH 3. MBARANGA 1.031 6.500
Total 2.818 17.200
1. THIITI 827 4.500
2. IRINDUNI 1.616 6.500
3. KANJORO 711 3.200
THARAKA
4. GATWE 1.460 6.900
Total 4.614 21.100
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5. Based on the action plan, the consultant will develop a ToR for the campaign and share the same with the contracting authority and partners;
6. The Consultant will coordinate the field activities for the implementation of the H&S campaign according to the ToR mentioned above, targeting a total number of 12,000 beneficiaries (1,200 households+15 primary schools), and closely monitor and evaluate the progress made at various stages;
7. The Consultant will provide all necessary support in terms of training materials, logistics and allowances throughout the contract duration;
8. The Consultant will link the H&SPs to the existing water projects and Rain Water Harvesting Groups (RWHGs) within their localities;
9. The Consultant will prepare a report containing recommendations on how the H&S promoters will continue to operate beyond the contract period with little or no external support and roles & responsibilities of relevant stakeholders for the sustainability of the activity after the end of the project;
10. These recommendations will be shared with the contracting authority, HESPs and stakeholders during a workshop to be held before the end of the contract
11. The Consultant will develop monitoring tools to be used by the implementing partners;
12. The consultant will submit a final comprehensive report at the end of the contract.
2.50 Consultancy Done so Far The water program has been going on for the over 21/2 years. Hygiene and Sanitation component, had not received the required emphasis, as other components of the EU program.
2.5.1 Consultancy done by NETWAS International from 2007 to 2008 One of the activities of the project was “Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion”. A Service Contract was signed with the consultants and the work was done from November 2007 to November 2008 by NETWAS International. It consisted of preparation of a baseline survey in the target area, the development of a training curriculum, the actual training on Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) and Child Hygiene and Sanitation Training (CHAST) methods of 24 H&S promoters (2 per sub-location) that then embarked on a dissemination campaign within their respective communities. The reports of the consultancy are with LVIA office at Catholic Diocese of Meru. The reports produced by NETWAS International were-
� Baseline Survey of Water and Sanitation Program in Meru District � Development of a Training Curriculum for Water and Sanitation Program � Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) Training
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2.5.2 Current Consultancy being Done by WATSAN A new consultancy contract as detailed in Chapter 2.0 above, was signed with WATSAN Consultant. The purpose of this consultancy can be summarized to be:-
� Carrying out of PHAST Methodology Refresher Course for some 24 HSPs. � Carry out of H&S promotion campaign from August to 2009 to January 2010. � Holding of consultation on the way forward with Stakeholders after the end
of WATSAN Consultancy Contract. � Design of Follow-up Forms to be used by stakeholders to assist them to
monitor the activities of HSPs after the end of the contract. Refer to Chapter 6.0
Refer to Chapter 2 for more details related to this aspect of the work. Some of Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters (HSPs) who were trained in use of Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) tools by Network for Water and Sanitation (NETWAS) in 2007 and new HSPs underwent a refresher PHAST methodology training from 17th to 19th August 2009. As stated above, the H&S promotion campaign was held from September 2009 to 31st January 2010. During the launch of the of the HSPs campaign, discussions were held on the ways that the stakeholders could support HSPs when they would be doing the campaign. In January 2010, a one day’s consultation meeting was done at Kinoro Conference center during which discussions were held on the way forward after the consultants finalized their work in January 2010. During the meeting various recommendations were made. Refer to Chapter 7.0 for details of the recommendation.
3.0 Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign The hygiene and sanitation campaign has been going on from August 2009. The Hygiene and Sanitation promotion campaign was officially launched from September 2010. The contract was supposed to learn from July to December 2010. As a result of problems encountered while executing the contract, the consultant in December 2009 requested for a “One months no-cost extension of the Contract” so as to end in January 2010. The reasons, which led to the request for the “No-cost Extension”, is as presented in Section 2.3 of this report. Before the end of January 2010, the consultant decided to hold a day’s stakeholder meeting so as to brief them on the progress on hygiene and sanitation promotion campaign and also to hold discussion on the way forward related to hygiene and sanitation campaign. Please refer to detailed Activity Plan in Appendix I.
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They were explained that the objectives of the hygiene and sanitation promotion campaign were to reach 1,200 households and 15 schools in 12 Sub-locations in three districts of:-
• Meru Central (currently Imenti North and Buuri Districts) • Meru North and (currently Tigania East District) • Tharaka Districts. (currently Tharaka North District)
To achieve these objectives, the Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters (HSPs), two from each sub-location were identified and trained in Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) Methodology by Network for Water and Sanitation International (NETWAS) in 2007 through a contract between NETWAS and LVIA. Through another separate contract with WATSAN Consultants, a refresher course was conducted from 17th to 19th August 2009 for the same group which had trained earlier. The Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion campaign in the three districts was launched in September 2009. During the PHAST refresher workshop training, thirteen Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion messages were prepared. The copies of the messages and copies of PHAST tools were used to implement a campaign that was envisaged to create awareness on the importance of Hygiene and Sanitation within the water program for greater health benefits. The campaign addressed issues of personal hygiene, water, hygiene, food and domestic hygiene among others issues. It also addressed community behavior that enhances good hygiene resulting in improved health. The expectations from the HSPs included:-
a) To translate Campaign messages into the local Kimeru language. These messages were written on flip chart papers and were used during the HSP Campaign.
b) To reach 25 households in a month for the next 4 months from August 2009. A group of 2 HSPs were expected to be involved in the HSP campaign during the period and were supposed to have promoted HS in the 100 houses in the period up to end of December 2009.
c) To carry out HS promotion in at least 2 schools in their sub-location. The number of Primary School to be covered in the campaign in the three districts was to be 15 primary schools. This work was also to done in the 4 months starting September 2009.
d) To produce their sub-location progress report starting from September 2009, which was through filling of relevant forms? The forms for collection of data were done by consultant and were given to the HSPs.
e) To continuously liaise with the office to which they had been attached to. These offices were Mukothima and Gatunga Catholic Churches and Resource Projects - Kenya (RPK).
f) To participate in a monthly monitoring meeting between consultants and HSPs to discuss the progress of the HS campaign and also make payment of travel and monthly allowance.
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The consultants did the following work:- a) On monthly basis, based on reports prepared by HSPs, the consultant compiled a
monitoring report for LVIA office, in Meru. b) Making copies of the forms that were filled by HSPs during the campaign. These
copies of the forms were submitted to the Head of Lay Volunteers International Association (LVIA) office, in Meru.
3.1 Hygiene and Sanitation Campaign Messages During the refresher PHAST Training Course which was conducted for 3 days in August 2009, the participants in this course came up with the following messages which were to be used in the Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion campaign in Tharaka, Meru Central (Imenti & Buuri Districts) and Meru North (Tigania) Districts. These messages are as shown in Table 2 here below:- Table 2: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Messages Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Messages 1. Defecation in the river spreads diseases 2. Defecation in the forest/bush is unhygienic and also spreads diseases 3. Build and use latrines. Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (VIP) is best to keep flies
away. 4. Cook food properly and store it safely 5. Ensure your water is safe before drinking; by boiling or fetching from a safe
source. Tap, harvested Rain Water, Protected Wells are usually safe water sources.
6. Clean and store your utensils properly away from domestic animals 7. Wash hands with soap or ash before handling food and after using the latrine 8. Maintain personal hygiene 9. Keep your compound clean (ensure children feaces are disposed safely). 10. Bad hygiene behaviors e.g. bathing in rivers washing clothes in rivers can
contaminate water sources. 11. Maintaining good personal hygiene prevents people from contracting diseases. 12. Store water in clean containers. 13. Use clean containers to fetch and store water
These messages were extensively used during the campaign in various sub-locations.
3.2 Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Plan
3.2.1 Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Forms Three types of Forms were prepared by the consultants. These forms were to be used by the Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters (HSPs) during the campaign. The forms were to be filled by the Hygiene and sanitation promoters during the campaign. These same forms
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were to be used by the consultant during the monitoring of the Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion campaign. These three forms were:- a) Household Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Form b) Primary School Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Form c) Groups Hygiene and Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Form Refer to Appendices II for the forms.
3.2.2 Monitoring of Hygiene and Sanitation Promotio n Campaign A monitoring visit was done by the consultants in the months of October, November, December 2009, January 2010 and February 2010 in Meru Central, Tharaka and Meru North. Discussions were held with the Hygiene Promoters who were assigned the role of conducting the Hygiene and Sanitation Campaign in the three districts. The Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion campaign was to be conducted in some 24 Sub-locations as shown in Table 3 presented here below. Table 3: List of Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters and respective Sub-locations covered in the Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Name of the Participant District Sub-location 1 Jacob Mithika Tigania Urru 2 Julius Miriu Tharaka North Irundini 3 Peter Kijiru Tharaka North Kanjoro 4 Martha Makandi Meru B Kithuene 5 Lucy Igoki Buuri Kirwiro 6 Betty Kinanu Meru B Ntumburi 7 Velina Karimi Tharaka North Kanjoro 8 Cyprian Mutugi Tharaka North Gatue 9 Rose Mugambi Tharaka South Rukurini 10 Rose Karigu Tharaka North Thiiti 11 Grace Moses Tigania East Ametho 12 Charles Gitonga Buuri Nkando 13 Paul Njagi Tharaka North Thiiti 14 James Bundi Tigania East Ametho 15 Peter Gituma Imenti Central Ntumburi 16 Patrick Gituma Buuri Kiirua 17 John K. Karemu Buuri Kithenge 18 John Muli Buuri Mugae 19 David Gatobu Muriithi Buuri Kirwiro 20 Teresa Muthe Tigania East Kamberia 21 Jane Njue Buuri Mugae 22 Paul Murangiri Tigania Mbaranga 23 James Mwambia Tigania East Uruu 24 Mark Kirimi Buuri Kithima
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3.2.3 Household Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion C ampaign Results From the House Hold survey forms collected from the Hygiene and Sanitation promoters:- • 1,139 households were covered during the period of the campaign from August 2009
to January 2010. • Total members of groups addressed during the HS Promotion Campaign were 3,9531.
These number of members presented equivalent number of households. The total numbers of households addressed were (1,139+3,953 = 5,092) households.
The total household addressed has been got using recommendation of the consultancy supervisory (LVIA and Resources Project for Kenya (RPK) group in a meeting. The augment was that each member of group was representing a household. The overall household numbers addressed were 5,092. Please refer to Table 4 and 5 below.
1 There were two Group meetings:- {a). L. Food at Thira Chief’s Camp b). DOs Office Meeting} where the number of those who attended could not
be ascertained because the figures were rather high. These figures have been ignored in getting the revised Grand Total. The total men and women who attended this two meetings were (1,500+1800=3,300). This number of members has been ignored.
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Table 4: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Achievements
Table 5: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Achievements
Oct. 2009 Nov. 2009 Dec. 2009 Jan. 2010
Details H'seholds Groups
Total H'seholds/Pr. Schs H'seholds Groups
Total H'seholds/Pr. Schs H'seholds Groups
Total H'seholds/Pr. Schs H'seholds Groups
Total H'seholds/Pr. Schs
Target
Project Target for Households 1,200
Project Target for Pri. Schools 15
Achievement as a Number Project Households Achievement No.
283
4,913
5,196
650 6,525
7,175
1,043
7,104
8,147
1,139
7,253
8,392
Project Pr. School Achievement No.
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17
23
29
Achievement as a % of Target
Project Households Achievement % of the Target
433
598
679
699
Project Pr. School Achievement % o the Target 46.67 113.33 153.33 193.33
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3.2.4 Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign in Primary School According to the Terms of Reference, 15 schools were to be addressed in this campaign. As of end of January 2010, the number of Primary Schools that had been covered in the campaign was 29.
3.2.5 Hygiene and Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign for Groups Several groups’ members were addressed in the Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion campaign meetings. A total of 3,953 were addressed in this campaign in Tharaka, Meru Central and Meru North districts. The number of group meetings addressed was 96 in number. The names of groups addressed during the campaign are presented in Appendix III. This was quite an impressive achievement by the group of Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters who were involved in the Hygiene and Sanitation Campaign. For details related to these groups, please refer to Appendix III.
3.3 Constraints Encountered During the HS Promotion Campaign Several problems were encountered during the carrying out of Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion campaign. These were:-
• Fighting broke out in Tharaka during the Month of September through to November 2009. Conducting of the HS Promotion campaign was not possible in some areas because of insecurity.
• During the period from October through to December 2009, there was on-set of El Nino rains. Communication in some of the areas especially to Tharaka District was very problematic.
• The rainy period also hampered the progress of the Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion campaign.
As a result of the above reasons, the consultant requested for “No Cost Time Extension” of the end of consultancy from end of December 2009 to end of January 2010.
4.0 Achievements of HSP Campaign at the end of January 2010
4.1 Overall Household HS Promotion Campaign The House Hold Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign overall progressed well. The percentage of work done against the target is 1139 households against planned campaign to 1200 house holds up to December 2009. Ifone was to disregard the group meeting all together the achievement would have been ((1139)/1200)*100%. This would represent 95% of the targeted households were covered in the campaign. If one was to add the number of group members who represent households were to be added, the overall households addressed in the campaign was 5,092 households. The achievement is then 423%. This is quite an impressive achievement.
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Refer to Tables 3 and 4.
4.2 School HS Promotion Campaign The School Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign overall went well. The number of schools involved in the campaign was 29 against the planned campaign to 15 schools up to January 2010. The achievement is 193%. This is quite a good achievement since the target was passed. Refer to Tables 3 and 4.
4.3 Group Meeting HS Promotion Campaign The group members addressed in the Hygiene and Sanitation Campaign were 3,953. This was a very good achievement especially when considers that the campaign was only in a period of 5 months. Two figures of group meetings held at L. Food at Thira Chiefs Camp at Barrier sub-location in Meru Central District and DO’s Office Meeting at Nkando sub-location in Meru North District amounting to 1800 and 1500 people respectively have been ignored since they could not be authenticated to prove their correctness. These figures are high but can be understood because DO’s and Chief’s meeting attendance is normally high. Refer to Tables 3 and 4.
5.0 Impact of the HSP Campaign Two forms were prepared and copies given to the HSPs to re-visit some of Households and Primary schools where hygiene and sanitation had been conducted to try and see whether there had been any change in terms of hygiene and sanitation status. The survey was done in January 2010. Refer to Appendix V for details related to the forms that were used for this exercise. As per the Logical Framework Table 6 prepared before the HS Promotion campaign, the Overall Goal, Project Purpose and Project Results/Outputs were detailed as shown below:-
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Table 6: Logical Framework for Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Objectively Verifiable Indicator Overall Goal To contribute to improvement of the livelihoods in Meru Central & North and Tharaka Districts in the 4 target areas by improving sustainable access to water for domestic consumption and other livelihood activities.
Project Purpose Water and Sanitation Related Diseases Reduced.
Hygiene and Sanitation related Disease reduced by 20% in Meru North, Meru South and Tharaka between 29th July 2009 to 31st November 2010
Results/Outputs R.1 H&S awareness amongst households and institutions in the target area increased.
R.2 H&S Promoters education and linkage to other relevant stakeholders in the sector enhanced.
R.1 Hygiene and Sanitation awareness amongst the Households increased from 94% to 100% in Meru North, Meru South and Tharaka between September 2009 to 31st November 2010 R.2 (a) One Stakeholder meeting held in the project area in January 2009. R.2 (b) One (1) refresher PHAST training of duration of 3 days done in Meru North, Meru Central and Tharaka in August 2009 for HSPs.
5.1 Impact of HSP Campaign Promotion at Household - Sampling
Actual households visited during the hygiene and sanitation promotion campaign was 1,139 households. The target expected from the consultancy was 1,200 households. The number of households re-visited for the impact assessment in January 2010 was 169 households representing 14% of the consultancy target of 1200 households. Please refer to Table 7 presented here-below for more details.
5.1.1 Household General Environmental Sanitation After the campaign it was found that 91% of the household had improved the environmental sanitation as a result of the campaign. The households were still improving this aspect of hygiene and sanitation.
5.1.2 Refuse Disposal Refuse disposal was another aspect that was analyzed from the sample. After the campaign it was found that 93% of the household had improved the aspect of safe disposal of waste. Several compost pit have been prepared by the households. The households are 90% of those sampled. The households were still improving this aspect of hygiene and sanitation. Refer to Table 7 containing results of the analysis of the sample results.
5.1.3 Construction of New Latrines From the sampled household, 89% of the household had constructed new latrines. This is very encouraging and from discussions with the Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters the
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percentage will be expected to increase since there is a lot of eagerness to construct new latrines for safe disposal of feaces. Table 7: Sampling for Measurement of Impact of Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Done in January 2010
District Location Sublocation H'se-hold Sch.
Names of Primary School Visited for Impact Assessment
Meru Central Rwarera Kithuene District Rwarera Mugae 22 1 1. Mugae Primary School
Mumui Rei Mtuntu Mumui 3 Totals 169 17 Target 1200 15 No. Covered as % of Target 14 113
Refer to Table 7 containing results of the analysis of the sample results.
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5.1.3 Latrine Cleanliness and Use by All For all members of household to be encouraged to use latrines for safe feaces disposal, then latrines must be clean and they must provide privacy. From the sample, 92% of households in the sample had clean latrines. As a result 93% of those sampled were using the latrines. Refer to Table 7 containing results of the analysis of the sample results.
5.1.5 Cleanliness of Area around the Latrine Cleanliness around the latrines has been substantially improved. It was found that in 95% of the households sampled, had clean area around the latrines devoid of children’s feaces. This then means that the households were very much aware of the need for safe disposal of children’s feaces safely. Refer to Table 8 containing results of the analysis of the sample results.
5.1.6 Hand Washing Improvement Hand washing especially after coming from the latrine or before eating food or before handling food is a very important hygiene behavior which should be adopted by the community. It was found from the sample that 83% of those sampled had adopted this hygiene behavior. A lot of households had introduced a hand washing facility especially near the latrines for the purpose of hand washing. Refer to Table 8 containing results of the analysis of the sample results.
5.1.7 Handling of Domestic Water at Household Water consumed at home often get polluted in the household because of unhygienic handling of water at home. In most cases water storage containers are not very clean since they are rarely cleaned. From the sample, it was found that 78% of the households had clean water containers. Refer to Table 8 containing results of the analysis of the sample results.
5.1.8 Drying of Utensils Using Dish Racks Dish rack technology for drying of utensils is being gradually accepted. Some of the reason why it is not being adopted was because of the windy condition of the area sampled. Some of the families had decided on having a dish rack located inside the house. Of those sampled 45% had constructed dish racks for drying of the utensils after washing them. Communities need to be encouraged to construct more dish racks. Refer to Table 7 containing results of the analysis of the sample results.
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Table 8: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Impact
5.2 Impact of HSP Campaign at Schools The hygiene promoters re-visited 17 schools to establish the changes that had occurred from the time the Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign was launched up to the end of the campaign in January 2010. The schools that were visited are presented in Table 9 presented here-below:- Table 9: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Impact
District Location
Sublocation
Improved Pers. Clean'nes
Clean Latrine
No Feaces Outside
New Hand Washing
Name of Primary School
Meru Central Rwarera Mugae 1 1 1 1 1) Mugae Primary School
5.2.1 General Cleanliness of the School after the C ampaign From a sample of 17 schools that were assessed for hygiene and sanitation improvement, 100% of the visited schools, the students were found to have substantially improved their personal hygiene of the students.
5.2.2 Personal Cleanliness of the Pupils after the HSP Campaign The students’ personal hygiene was found to have substantially improved. Using a target of 15 schools, the percentage of school which had students whose personal hygiene had improved were 100%.
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5.2.3 State of Latrine after the HSP Campaign The schools latrines were found to have substantially improved. Using a target of 15 schools, the percentage of school which had clean latrines were 100%.
5.2.4 Cleanliness around the Latrines The percentage of schools which had clean environment around the latrines was found to be 100%. There were no faeces around the latrines. This went to prove that the latrines were being maintained clean and students were using them as required so as to improve hygiene and sanitation around the school.
5.2.5 Hand Washing Behavior A lot of diseases are spread from a sick person to healthy person through hands’ contact. So an improved behavior of hand washing will reduce the spread of diseases. From the sample, it was found that in 94% of schools, the students had adopted the health enhancing behavior of hand washing after using the latrine for defecation. A lot of schools had hand washing facility near to the latrines. The facility was leaky tin type.
5.3 Discussion with HSPs on the Impact HS Promotion Campaign
As per hygiene and Sanitation Promoters, there has been general improvement of hygiene and sanitation situation in the project areas. This state of affairs is farther supported by Chapters 5.1 and 5.2. Discussions with HSPs during the monitoring mission conducted by consultants in January and February 2010 still supports this situation. Summary of the discussions made with the HSPs is as presented here-below. It should be taken into account that their comments are from their general observation of the state of Hygiene and Sanitation situation.
5.3.1 HS Improvement in Thiiti Sub-location Status One of the HSPs who was jointly in charge of sub-location with another, stated that as a result of the drought which had persisted before the onset of rains in December 2009, the community was not able to build a lot latrines. But since the situation had changed by January 2010, there are a lot of people eager to build good latrines. The one of HSP is catching on this big need for good latrines. He has constructed 5 latrines at Thiiti for a fee. There are three more households who want him to construct latrines for them. He informed the consultant that his labor cost is KShs. 4,000.00 per each latrine for simple pit latrine. For stone walled latrine, the labor cost is KShs. 12,000.00 per each latrine. The HSP also stated that there is an improved hand washing behavior. The other HSP, said that latrine construction has improved substantially with 5 VIP latrines constructed in the sub-location. At household level, the owners have adopted health enhancing behavior of washing hands after visiting a latrine and also before handling food. The owners of households have dug compost pits for safe disposal of domestic waste. She also stated that hygiene and sanitation in schools has substantially
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improved. Children are washing hands after visiting latrines through use of a “leaky tin” facility.
5.3.2 HS Improvement in Kanjoro Sub-location Status One of the HSP, who was in-charge of the sub-location stated, Mrs. Velina Karimi stated that a lot of households have started constructing latrines. These are simple pit latrines whose superstructure is constructed out of mud and corrugated iron sheets. She also stated that the general hygiene and sanitation situation in her sub-location has improved substantially at household and at school level. The other HSP, Mr. Peter Kijiru, stated that 6 homes which had no latrines now have these facilities. In primary schools, the children are washing hands after visiting latrines through use of “leaky tin” facility. He also stated that personal hygiene has substantially improved in schools after the HSP campaign.
5.3.4 HS Improvement in Irunduni Sub-location The HSP in charge of the sub-location reported all the households have latrines. The owners of households are continuously improving the status of their latrines. The latrines are now being maintained clean through sweeping after spreading ashes.
5.3.5 HS Improvement in Gatue Sub-location Status The HSP, Mr. Cyprian Mutugi, who was in-charge of the sub-location stated that hygiene and sanitation situation has improved substantially after the campaign at households and also in schools levels.
5.3.6 HS Improvement in Rukurini Sub-location Statu s The HSP reported that hygiene and sanitation situation has improved after the HS promotion campaign at households and also in schools levels.
5.3.7 HS Improvement in Urru Sub-location Status Mr. Jacob Mithika, the HSP, stated that he had visited three households one of which did not have latrines for safe disposal of human faeces. He stated after the HS promotion campaign, the household had dug a pit and now they were constructing the superstructure. The other household did not have a compost pit. They have since dug this facility. He informed there is no longer children’s faeces scattered around the compound like before. The compound is now clean. The other household did not have a hand washing facility located near the latrine. Now they have this facility and it is being used. He told the consultant that 7 latrines have been constructed since they campaign was started. Household members have adopted good hygiene and sanitation behavior.
5.3.8 HS Improvement in Mbaranga Sub-location -Stat us The HSP, Mr.James Mwambia and Mr. Paul Murangiri, who were in-charge of the sub-location stated that:-
� According to their estimate, 60% of the households have adopted food hygiene and sanitation.
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� They stated the rest of the people have not adopted the behavior because of illiteracy.
� Community pressure for those who do not have latrines to construct some has started building up. This is because the community now understands how diseases are spread and how the disease transmission routes could be blocked. The continuation of open defecation by those who do not have latrines continuously expose the rest of the community to diseases.
� People are now washing their hands after visiting latrines and before handling food.
� In the market centers hotels are now offering hand washing facilities. The latrines are now clean.
� The waste disposal has also improved. Five shop owners out of 25 have dug waste pit latrines. Other shop keepers have given a deadline to dig latrines.
Kiithe Primary School is a school whose pupils have adopted good hygiene and sanitation behavior. They have done the following:-
� They have safe water storage for students located at teachers’ office � Hand washing after use of latrines and before eating is being practiced by the
pupils. This behavior has taken root after the HS promotion campaign. � Personal hygiene amongst the pupils has also improved.
The sub-location has now seen construction of 26 latrines since the hygiene and sanitation campaign was launched.
5.3.9 HS Improvement in Ametho Sub-location Status Mr. James Mbundi and Grace Nkatha estimated that 85% of households have improved hygiene and sanitation situation. This is a new settlement in the area and as a result latrine coverage is very low in this settlement. They stated that:-
� A lot of families had no latrines. � Five latrines have been constructed. � Since the HSP campaign started, 70 latrines have been constructed. � Children’s faeces are being safely been disposed-of. � There is a hurried construction of latrines by members of the household as a
result of public pressure for all households to have their latrines for safe disposal of faeces. These latrines are being used by all.
� Community is very eager to construct more latrines. � School hygiene has improved in Ametho Sub-location and school children
have embraced the hand washing behavior. � Most schools have hand washing facilities and person hygiene has also
improved. � School latrines are now kept clean.
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5.3.10 HS Improvement in Kirwiro Sub-location Statu s Mrs. Lucy Igoki and David Gatobu Muriithi stated that the following has been achieved:-
� Leaky tin facility has been adopted in 12 shops in the market centers. � Six compost pits have been constructed at the market centers. � People have adopted boiling of water for human consumption � Only 3 households have no pit latrines. During the campaign 5 pit latrines
have been constructed. � It is only 5 families that do not have pit latrines. All other households have pit
latrines. � Hand washing behavior has been adopted by most of the people. Only 7
families are yet to adopt this behavior. � Latrines are now clean. � Water storage facilities are clean. Ten such families have clean water storage
facilities.
5.3.11 HS Improvement in Mugae Sub-location Status Mrs. Jane Njugue stated that:-
� Six compost pits have been constructed at the market centers. � Leaky tin facility has been adopted in shops in the market centers. � Only 2 households have no pit latrines. During the campaign 5 pit latrines
have been constructed. � Those who handle food are now cleaner.
5.3.12 HS Improvement in Karama Sub-location Status One of HSPs in charge of the sub-location stated that:-
� Community has adopted the behavior of boiling water for human consumption,
� Community has dug more pit latrines and � The personal hygiene of school children has improved.
6.0 Post HSP Campaign Monitoring Forms. The consultant prepared three monitoring forms to be used by the Catholic Diocese of Meru Water Department to monitor the progress of HSP campaign after the end of this contract. Details related to these forms are as provided in Appendix VI.
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7.0 Stakeholder Meeting Called to Discuss Way Forward
7.1 Specific Objective related to Stakeholder Meeting The specific objectives related to Stakeholder Meeting called to plan continuation of Hygiene and Sanitation promotion campaign after WATSAN consultancy ends at the end of January 2010. The objectives of the one day meeting were to:-
1. Brief the stakeholders within the target areas on Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign that have been going on from August 2009 and also to inform the stakeholder about various supports that has been provided to Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters (H&SPs) while they have been conducting the campaign.
2. Present a brief on linkage to HSPs made to existing water projects, Catholic Parishes and Rain Water Harvesting Groups (RWHGs) within their localities;
3. Discuss what needs to be done for the on-going campaign to continue after the end of WATSAN Consultants consultancy. From the recommendations of the meeting, then the WATSAN Consultant was to prepare a report containing recommendations on how the H&S promoters will continue to operate beyond the contract period. HSPs will be expected to continue the campaign with little or no external support and roles and responsibilities of relevant stakeholders for the sustainability of the activity after the end of the project;
4. Discuss in depth workshop recommendations with the contracting authority, HSPs and stakeholders during this workshop.
7.2 Workshop Recommendations The workshop recommendations after lengthy discussions were as listed here below:-
1. The stakeholder should provide a token equal to KShs. 1,200 per month as honoraria to support HSPs so as to continue with the hygiene and sanitation campaign. These strake-holders include; Catholic Diocese of Meru, Water projects like Kanoo-Mula, Mukothima, Gatunga and Kithiima Water Supply Projects. Other Stakeholders who could use services of HS also included the Rain Water Harvesting Groups. Another stakeholder who could use the services of HSPs was identified as Ministry of Public Health especially the Public Health Department. This service would depend on the need of HS Promotion need of each stakeholder.
2. The stakeholders should continue using services of Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters.
3. The stakeholders should continue supervising the activities of Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters.
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4. The Catholic Diocese of Meru (CDM) should play a leading role in ensuring that the HSPs are given all the necessary support.
5. CDM should ensure the monitoring tools have been used, data generated from the forms analyzed and a feed back provided and necessary action taken.
6. CDM should also assign targets to be achieved monthly. 7. CDM to design short term contracts for HSPs so as to avoid problems with
labor laws. 8. Future selection of HSPs should be from stable community elements like mature
men and women so as ascertain sustainability.
8.0 Conclusion and Recommendation The behavior change takes quite a bit of time. For one to be able to evaluate the impact of Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion campaign, at least one should do that after 1 to 2 years for one to expect good results. The general hygiene and sanitation situation in the project area has substantially improved during the Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign period. The HSP campaign should have continued for at least 12 months as opposed to 5 months. This would not have been possible because of the funding period The stakeholders should continue supporting the HSP groups. These groups are a very useful resource at the grass root since they have good capacity in promotion of Hygiene and Sanitation. These groups could also be used in other types of campaign; de-worming of primary School children, carrying of HIV/AIDS control campaign. These groups were advised, by the WATSAN consultants that they needed to get registered by the Ministry of Youth & Women and Social Services. The consultants sent them copies of a sample group member’s associations’ constitution which they could use as a reference document while preparing their groups constitution.
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Appendix I: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campai gn Plan of Activity Activity Plan for Hygiene and Sanitation Promoters During the Campaign September 2009 to February 2010 September 09 October 09 November 09 December 09 Jan uary 10 February 10
Details of Activity Week
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
W9
W10
W11
W12
W13
W14
W15
W16
W13
W14
W15
W16
W13
W14
W15
W16
1
Translate Hygiene and Sanitation Messages to local language
2
Hold Hygiene and Sanitation campaign in 25 households per month from September to December 2009
3
Hold Hygiene and Sanitation campaign in 2 Primary Schools per month from September to December 2009
4
Prepare monthly progress reports from September to December 2009
5
Continuously liaise with office to which the sub-location
6 Carry out Impact Assessment
7
Prepare End of HS Promotion Campaign Report
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Appendix II: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion Campaign Forms
1 - HYGIENE AND SANITATION PROMOTION
MONITORING FORM – HOUSEHOLD Name of Head of Household:…………………………………………………….ID No.:………………………………………………. Address:…………………………………………..……………………………….Tel:...…………………………………………..……. District:………………………………….Location:……………………………Sub-location:………………………………………….
Number of People in House Hold
Latrines Available Source of Water
Male Female Children
Observations on Where refuse is disposed What is the condition of the latrine – Clean/Unclean Is the latrine being used by all households members?. Yes… No…. Are there signs of Children faeces in the compound? Yes….No……. Is there evidence of hand-washing with soap / ash with water after use of latrine? Yes:…..No:….. Are water fetching and storages containers kept clean. Is there an utensil drying facility (Dish Rack)
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2 - HYGIENE AND SANITATION PROMOTION MONITORING FORM – SCHOOL VISITS Name of Headmistress / master:…………………………………………………….ID No.:…………………………………………. School:……………………………………Address:………………………………..Tel:…………………………………………..……. District:………………………………….Location:……………………………Sub-location:…………………………………………. Name of the School
Number of Pupils Latrines Available
Hand Washing Facilities
Source of Water
Comments on
Personal Hygiene; Hair, Finger Nails, Uniform, General body Cleanliness Are latrines kept Clean Are there signs of feaces around the trains?. Yes… No….
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3 - HYGIENE AND SANITATION PROMOTION MONITORING FOR M – GROUP MEETINGS District:………………………………….Location:……………………………Sub-location:………………………………………….
Name of the Group
No. of Men No. of Women No. of Children Total No. With Latrines No. Using Safe Water
OBSERVATIONS ON
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Appendix III: Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion – Group Meetings Details
Name of the Group No. of Men No. of Women
No. of Children Total
District: Meru Central Location: Ntumbiri
Sub-location:
Barrier
1 Green Mamba Village Club Group 28 6 0 34
2 Ntumbiri Borehole Meeting 86 134 0 220
3 Green Mamba Village Club Group 14 20 0 34
4 Bidii Rainwater Harvesting Group 30 16 0 46
5 Narep Meeting 70 120 0 190
6 L. Food at Thiira Chiefs Camp 600 1200 0 1800
7 Kamathima R.W.H.G. 18 17 0 35
8 Narep Meeting at Catholic Church 186 210 0 396
9 Mbaria Water Kiosk 21 18 10 49
10 Kamuketha E.A.P.C. 28 32 26 86
11 Ntumbiri Church 10 50 20 80
12 Kamarete Bidii R.W.H.G. 22 12 0 34
Total 1113 1835 56 3004
District: Tigania East Location: Karama
Sub-location:
Ametho
13 Urru Group 130 130
14 Kanoo Mula Group 0 200 0 200
Total 130 200 0 330
District: Meru Central Location: Rwarera
Sub-location:
Kirwiro
15 Kinani Group 4 7 11
16 Kiamwaki Group 15 15
17 Njiruta Kirwiro SH Group 1 17 18
18 Ncaure Christian 12 36 21 69
19 Njuruta M.C.K. 5 26 32 63
20 EA Pentecostal Church Pastors Meeting
Meru Central 35 2 37
21 Victory Women Group 25 25
22 Kirwiro Group 3 7 0 10
Total 60 135 53 248
District:Meru Central Location: Kiirua
Sub-location:
Kithima
23 Nchirubi Women Group - 35 - 35
24 Nchuri Elders Group 55 - - 55
25 Kithima Mukuu Nature Preservation
Group 17 12 - 29
26 Traditional Dancers Munanda 28 2 0 30
Total 100 49 0 149
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Name of the Group No. of Men No. of Women
No. of Children Total
District: Imenti North Location: Rwarera
Sub-location: Kithuene
27 Kaithe W. Group 0 10 0 10
28 Karimene W. Group 0 15 0 15
29 Imani Self Help Group 5 21 3 29
30 Mutuma Thiiri Self Help Group 7 15 1 23
31 Gwataniro Self Help Group 3 18 2 23
32 Upendo Self Help Group 10 22 1 33
33 Tumaini Self Help Group 2 21 0 23
34 Mwaki Women Group 0 25 0 25
35 Mworoga Women Group 0 14 0 14
36 Nchanre Women Group 3 12 0 15
37 Kendi Women Group 0 12 0 12
Total 30 185 7 222
District: Imenti North Location: Rwarera
Sub-location:
Mugae
38 Mugae Sports Club 21 0 4 24
39 Muchuiri Group 6 12 0 18
40 Mwenda Antu 8 4 0 12
41 Mumiri 4 8 0 12
42 Mugae Group 1 10 0 11
Total 40 34 4 77
District: Meru Central Location: Nthimburi
Sub-location: Mpuri
43 Kaigo Group 17 35 52
Total 17 35 0 52
District: Tigania East Location: Mituntu
Sub-location:
Mumui
44 Mwaki Group 5 20 0 25
45 Mumui Water Storage Group 10 5 0 15
Total 15 25 0 40
District: Tigania East Location: Mpuri
Sub-location: Matuntukine
46 Matuntukine Group 9 15 0 24
47 Matuntukine Group 35 2 0 37
Total 44 17 0 61
District: Meru Central Location: Kiirua
Sub-location:
Nkando
48 Naucii J. School 1 3 26 30
Total 1 3 26 30
District: Tigania East Location: Karama
Sub-location: Urru
49 Urru Group 130 130
Kathima Water Project 20 25 0 45
Total 150 25 0 175
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Name of the Group No. of Men No. of Women
No. of Children Total
Meru North District Location Karama
Baranga/Urru Sub-
location
50 Kiithe Water Project 48 21 0 69
51 Makune Youth Group 12 0 0 12
Total 60 21 0 81
Meru North District Location Karama
Baranga Sub-
location
52 Kiovo Kia Ndia Village Group 21 6 0 27
Total 21 6 0 27
District: Location: Kiirua
Sub-location:
Kithima
53 Kithima Relief Giving Day 80 140 - 220
54 Munanda Catholic Church 36 72 61 169
55 Kithima C. Church 15 27 40 82
56 Kamukaduko CBO 27 15 0 42
57 Munanda Prim. Sch. Parents 32 40 0 72
58 Water Kiosk Group 0 6 3 9
Total 190 300 104 594
District: Location: Kiirua
Sub-location:
Nkando
59 Naucii Church Combined Group 6 17 26 49
60 Karugu Youth Group 16 5 7 28
61 Karima Group 36 21 16 73
62 Dos Office Meeting 600 900 40 1540
63 Mukulima Self Help Group 17 13 0 30
64 Maitethia Group 0 16
65 Kinoria Akuru Women Group 0 16 3 19
Total 675 972 92 1755
Tharaka District Thiiti
Location Thiiti Sub-location
66 EAPC Women Fellowship 0 50 0 50
67 Karutini Village Group 18 7 0 25
68 Voucher Mahindi W. Group 0 21 0 21
69 Marombi Women Group 0 15 0 15
70 Tabitha Women Group 0 15 0 15
71 Maromba Women Group 0 21 10 31
72 Karutini Voucher Group 15 10 0 25
73 Dorinou Group 0 60 2 62
74 Kanini Women Group 1 9 0 10
75 Kagunda 2 6 0 8
76 Utonga women Group 0 11 0 11
77 Kaiyumia Women Group 0 12 0 12
78 Utonga Men Group 15 0 0 15
79 Meeria Group 5 8 0 13
80 Kagunda Group 6 9 0 15
Total 62 254 12 328
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Name of the Group No. of Men No. of Women
No. of Children Total
Tharaka District Thiiti
Location
Kirundi Sub-location
81 Kaweru Women Group 0 25 0 25
Total 0 25 0 25
Tharaka District Location Gikingo
Mukothima Sub-
location
82 Kiovo Kia Ndia Village Group 9 8 0 17
83 KE 338 Parents 240
84 EAPChurch Youth Group 10 26 0 36
85 Mahindi Self Help Group 0 15 0 15
86 Nkamano Village Group 12 8 0 20
Total 31 57 0 328
District: Tharaka North Location: Kanjoro
Sub-location:
Gakauni
87 Gatunga Health Workers 18 20 0 38
Total 18 20 0 38
District: Tharaka North Location: Gikondi
Sub-location:
Gakauni
88 Kageni 0 11 0 11
89 Rutugua Self Help Group 27 18 0 45
90 Kanjoro Welfare Group 2 26 0 28
Total 29 55 0 84
District: Tharaka North Location: Gatue
Sub-location: Karuguara
91 Mukuundi Youth Group 9 6 0 15
92 Bidii Women Group 0 21 0 21
93 Gacheria Self Help Group 11 5 0 16
94 Muriki Eye Opener 15 0 0 15
95 Mukuundi Self Help 9 6 0 15
Total 44 38 0 82
Grand Total 2,813 4,231 354 7,653
Less a) L. Food at Thira Chiefs Camp (600) (1,200) - (1,800)
Less b) Dos Office Meeting where
number of group (600) (900) (40) (1,540)
Revised Grand Total* 1,613 2,131 314 4,313
*There were two Group meetings:- {a). L. Food at Thira Chief’s Camp b). Dos Office Meeting} where the number of those who attended could not
authenticated because the figures rather high. These figures have been ignored in getting the revised Grand Total. The total men and Women
who attended this two meetings were (1,613+2,131=3,744). This represents 3,744 house-holds if each member is assumed to represent a household.
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Appendix IV: Post HSP Campaign Monitoring Forms Forms 1 - HYGIENE AND SANITATION PROMOTION MONITORI NG FORM – SCHOOL VISITS Form No: Sch./……………………………. Name of Hygiene & Sanitation Promoter:……..…………………… Name of Headmistress / master:…………………………………………………….ID No.:…………………………………………. School:……………………………………Address:………………………………..Tel:…………………………………………..……. District:………………………………….Location:……………………………Sub-location:…………………………………………. Agreed No. of Schools to be covered per Month No. Schs/…………./Month Name of the School Number of Pupils Latrines Available Hand Washing
Facilities Source of Water
Comments
Observe the general cleanliness of the school? Clean Yes:…..No:……….. Observe Personal Hygiene of the children; Hair, Finger Nails, Uniform, General body Cleanliness: Write your observation:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Are latrines kept Clean Are there signs of faeces around the latrains?. Yes… No….
Details of Hygiene and Sanitation Done after above Observations
37
2 - HYGIENE AND SANITATION PROMOTION MONITORING FOR M – GROUP MEETINGS
Form No: G/…………….. Name of Hygiene & Sanitation Promoter:……..…………………… District:………………………………….Location:……………………………Sub-location:…………………………………………. No. of Groups to be addressed No:…….per Month
Name of the Group
No. of Men No. of Women No. of Children Total No. With Latrines No. Using Safe Water
OBSERVATIONS
DETAILS OF HYGIENE AND SANITATION DONE AFTER ABOVE OBSERVATIONS
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3 - HYGIENE AND SANITATION PROMOTION MONITORING FORM – HOUSEHOLD Form No: HH/…………………… Name of Hygiene & Sanitation Promoter:…………..…..…………………… Name of Head of Household:…………………………………………………….ID No.:………………………………………………. Address:…………………………………………..……………………………….Tel:...…………………………………………..……. District:………………………………….Location:……………………………Sub-location:…………………………………………. Agreed No. of Households to be covered per Month No. …………./Month
Number of People in House Hold
Latrines Available Source of Water
Male Female Children
Observations on Observe the housing situation and the general condition of the surrounding homestead. Clean? Yes ………..No:………… Where is refuse disposed off? What is the condition of the latrine? – Clean/Unclean Is the latrine being used by all households members?. Yes… No…. Are there signs of Children feaces in the compound? Yes….No……. Is there evidence of hand-washing with soap / ash with water after use of latrine? Yes:…..No:….. Are water fetching and storages containers kept clean?. Is there an utensil drying facility called “Dish Rack”?
DETAILS OF HYGIENE AND SANITATION DONE AFTER ABOVE OBSERVATIONS
