Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping, an addendum (1996–1998) J. Mackerle * Linko ¨ping Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, S-581 83 Linko ¨ping, Sweden Received 5 February 1999; accepted 23 February 1999 Abstract The article gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the analysis of pressure vessel structures/ components and piping from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. This bibliography is an addendum to the Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping-a bibliography (1976–1996) published in the Int. J. Press. Ves. Piping 1996;69:279–339. The added bibliography at the end of the article contains approx. 630 references to papers and conference proceedings on the subject that were published in 1996–1998. These are classified in the following categories: linear and non-linear, static and dynamic, stress and deflection analyses; stability problems; thermal problems; fracture mechanics problems; contact problems; fluid–structure interaction problems; manufacturing of pipes and tubes; welded pipes and pressure vessel components; development of special finite elements for pressure vessels and pipes; finite element software; and other topics. q 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Finite element; Bibliography; Pressure vessels; Pipes; Linear and non-linear static and dynamic analysis; Fracture mechanics; Contact problem; Thermal problem; Fluid–structure interaction; Welding 1. Introduction Pressure vessels and piping, with many more utilization in reactor technology, chemical industry, marine and space engineering, operating under extreme of high and low temperatures and high pressures, are becoming highly sophisticated and therefore also need advanced methods for their analyses. Advances are also made with materials applied for their fabrication. Concrete and composite mate- rials are used in pressure vessels and their components more frequently to replace in some cases the conventional steels. During the last two decades considerable advances have been made in the application of numerical techniques to analyze pressure vessels and piping problems. Among the numerical procedures, the finite element methods are the most frequently used. Pressure vessel and piping analyses may have some/all phases as: elastic stress and deformation analysis where both mechanical and thermal loads may be applied; heat transfer analysis; dynamic analysis; plastic and creep analy- sis; etc. There is in existence a large number of general purpose and special purpose finite element programs avail- able to cope with each phase of the analysis. This review on the subject is divided into following parts and it concerns: • linear and non-linear, static and dynamic, stress and deflection analyses (STR); • stability problems (STA); • thermal problems (THE); • fracture mechanics problems (FRA); • contact problems (CON); • fluid–structure interaction problems (FLU); • manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN); • welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL); • development of special finite elements for pressure vessels and pipes (ELE); • finite element software (SOF); • other topics (OTH). The status of finite element literature published between 1976 and 1998, and divided into categories described above, is illustrated in Fig. 1. Data presented in this figure include published technical papers in the primary literature; this means papers appearing in the various general and specia- lized journals, conference proceedings as well as theses and dissertations. If we take the number of published papers as a measure for research activity in these various subjects, we can see the priority trend in research in the past. This article is organized into two parts. In the first part, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 76 (1999) 461–485 0308-0161/99/$ - see front matter q 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0308-0161(99)00012-5 * Corresponding author. Tel.: 1 46-13-28-1111; fax: 1 46-13-28-2717. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Mackerle)
Transcript
Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping,an addendum (1996–1998)
J. Mackerle*
Linkoping Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, S-581 83 Linko¨ping, Sweden
Received 5 February 1999; accepted 23 February 1999
Abstract
The article gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the analysis of pressure vessel structures/components and piping from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. This bibliography is an addendum to the Finite elements in theanalysis of pressure vessels and piping-a bibliography (1976–1996) published in the Int. J. Press. Ves. Piping 1996;69:279–339. The addedbibliography at the end of the article contains approx. 630 references to papers and conference proceedings on the subject that were publishedin 1996–1998. These are classified in the following categories: linear and non-linear, static and dynamic, stress and deflection analyses;stability problems; thermal problems; fracture mechanics problems; contact problems; fluid–structure interaction problems; manufacturingof pipes and tubes; welded pipes and pressure vessel components; development of special finite elements for pressure vessels and pipes; finiteelement software; and other topics.q 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Finite element; Bibliography; Pressure vessels; Pipes; Linear and non-linear static and dynamic analysis; Fracture mechanics; Contact problem;Thermal problem; Fluid–structure interaction; Welding
1. Introduction
Pressure vessels and piping, with many more utilizationin reactor technology, chemical industry, marine and spaceengineering, operating under extreme of high and lowtemperatures and high pressures, are becoming highlysophisticated and therefore also need advanced methodsfor their analyses. Advances are also made with materialsapplied for their fabrication. Concrete and composite mate-rials are used in pressure vessels and their components morefrequently to replace in some cases the conventional steels.
During the last two decades considerable advances havebeen made in the application of numerical techniques toanalyze pressure vessels and piping problems. Among thenumerical procedures, the finite element methods are themost frequently used.
Pressure vessel and piping analyses may have some/allphases as: elastic stress and deformation analysis whereboth mechanical and thermal loads may be applied; heattransfer analysis; dynamic analysis; plastic and creep analy-sis; etc. There is in existence a large number of generalpurpose and special purpose finite element programs avail-able to cope with each phase of the analysis.
This review on the subject is divided into following partsand it concerns:
• linear and non-linear, static and dynamic, stress anddeflection analyses (STR);
• stability problems (STA);• thermal problems (THE);• fracture mechanics problems (FRA);• contact problems (CON);• fluid–structure interaction problems (FLU);• manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN);• welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL);• development of special finite elements for pressure
vessels and pipes (ELE);• finite element software (SOF);• other topics (OTH).
The status of finite element literature published between1976 and 1998, and divided into categories described above,is illustrated in Fig. 1. Data presented in this figure includepublished technical papers in the primary literature; thismeans papers appearing in the various general and specia-lized journals, conference proceedings as well as theses anddissertations. If we take the number of published papers as ameasure for research activity in these various subjects, wecan see the priority trend in research in the past.
This article is organized into two parts. In the first part,
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 76 (1999) 461–485
0308-0161/99/$ - see front matterq 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.PII: S0308-0161(99)00012-5
each subject listed above is briefly described by key wordswhere current trends in application of finite element techni-ques are mentioned. The second part, the Appendix A, is alisting of references on papers published in open literaturefor the period 1996–1998, retrieved from the author’s data-base MAKEBASE [1,2]. Readers interested in the finiteelement literature in general are referred to [3] or to theauthor’s Internet Finite Element Book Bibliography(http://www.solid.ikp.liu.se/fe/index.html). This bibliogra-phy is an addendum to the author’s earlier bibliography[4] where approximately 1900 references have been listed.
2. Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels andpiping
2.1. Linear and non-linear, static and dynamic, stress anddeflection analyses (STR)
The main topics included deal with the static and dynamicfinite element analyses of pressure vessels, their compo-nents and piping, namely: 2D and 3D linear elastic staticand dynamic analyses; material and geometrical non-linearstatic and dynamic analyses; shakedown analyses; stress–strain investigations; stress concentration factor studies;local stresses and deformations; studies of material andmechanical properties; natural frequencies and modeshapes; dynamic response analyses; seismic analyses; loadinteraction studies; explosive detonation loading; solutionof creep problems; wave propagation in pipes; adiabaticshear banding; external and internal pressure; tube twisting;tube bending; compression response; determination of resi-dual stresses; evaluation of structural integrity; reliabilitystudies; pressure design criteria; parametric studies, adap-tive methods.
Stability problems form the main subject of this section.Other topics included are: stability and instability; buckling;lateral buckling; local buckling; delamination buckling;torsional buckling; local buckling and burst pressure;creep buckling; dynamic buckling; strain localization;limit load analyses; collapse; adaptive methods.
Heat transfer problems and thermomechanical finiteelement analyses are the main subjects of this section. Thefollowing topics are included: heat transfer analyses-forcedconvection heat transfer, mixed convection heat transfer,cyclic heat transfer, turbulent heat transfer, thermal radia-tion; transient thermal loads; thermal shock; linear and non-linear thermomechanical analyses; thermoviscoplasticanalyses; temperature field studies; creep buckling at
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Fig. 1. Finite elements and various topics in pressure vessels and piping
2D and 3D finite element studies of static and dynamiccontact problems dealing with pipes and pressure vessels areincluded in this section. Other subjects under considerationare: contact–impact problems; hypervelocity impact; fric-tional contact problems; dynamic friction modelling; adhe-sive bonding; penetration problems; stress concentrationfactors; expansion and residual contact pressure; residualstresses; parametric studies.
Applications to: tubes and pipes; deep ocean pipes;submarine pipelines; gas pipelines; supported pipelines;tube to tubesheet joints; piping branch junctions; pipe flangeconnections; casing-tubing connections; threaded endconnections; self-scaling connections; expansion joints;pressure vessels; heat exchangers.
2.9. Development of special finite elements for pressurevessels and pipes (ELE)
In this section, references dealing with development aswell as applications of special finite elements used for theanalyses of pressure vessels and piping systems are given.The element types included are: general axisymmetric thinshell element; special element for shell intersections; specialjunction shell element; hybrid stress elements; double scalefinite element; consistent dynamic pipe element; geometric-
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At present, thousands of finite element software (SOF)packages exist and new programs are under development.The existing software can vary from large, sophisticated,general purpose, integrated systems to small, specialpurpose programs for PCs. Most of these programs havebeen mentioned and described in [4]. In the respectivesection of the Appendix some new references dealing withdevelopment/applications of FE software are listed. Theyare concerned with: code developments for pressure vesselsand piping, code evaluations, users experiences, etc.
2.11. Other topics (OTH)
In this section subjects not treated earlier are included.They deal with: static and dynamic geomechanical analysesof pressure vessels and pipes in 2D and 3D; buried struc-tures; soil-pipe interaction problems; seismic responseanalyses; effects of trenching; uplift behaviors; simulationof corrosion processes; cathodic protection; non-destructiveevaluation and inspection-eddy current testing, magneticflux leakage detection, structural health monitoring, vibra-tion control, etc.
Applications to: pipes and tubes; buried pipes; pipelines;pressure vessels.
The bibliography presented in the Appendix is by nomeans complete but it gives a comprehensive representationof different finite elements applications on the subjects. Theauthor wishes to apologize for the unintentional exclusionsof missing references and would appreciate receivingcomments and pointers to other relevant literature for afuture update.
Appendix A. A bibliography (1996–1998)
This bibliography provides a list of references on finiteelement analysis of pressure vessel structures/componentsand pipes/tubes. Presented listings contain papers publishedin scientific journals and conference proceedings retrospec-tively to 1996. References have been retrieved from theauthor’s database, MAKEBASE. They are grouped intosame sections described in the first part of this article, andsorted alphabetically according to the first author’s name. Insome cases, if a specific paper is relevant for several subjectcategories, the same reference is listed under respectivesection headings.
A.1. Linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic, stress anddeflection analyses (STR)
1. STR Abah L, Limam A. Upon the effects of cutouts onthe behaviour of axially crushed tubes. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 361. NewYork: ASME, 1998:187–194.
2. STR Alleyne DN, Cawley P. Effect of discontinuitieson the long-range propagation of lamb waves in pipes.Proc Inst Mech Engng E 1996;210(3):217–226.
3. STR Alleyne DN et al. The reflection of guided wavesfrom circumferential notches in pipes. J Appl Mech1998;65(3):635–641.
4. STR Arsene S, Bai J. New approach to measuringtransverse properties of structural tubing by a ringtest. J Test Eval 1996;24(6):386–391.
5. STR Arsene S, Bai J. New approach to measuringtransverse properties of structural tubing by a ringtest-experimental investigation. J Test Eval1998;26(1):26–30.
6. STR Avalle M, Goglio L. Static lateral compression ofaluminum tubes: strain gauge measurements anddiscussion of theoretical models. J Strain AnalEngng Des 1997;32(5):335–343.
7. STR Axenenko O, Tsvelikh A. Hybrid finite elementapproach to the solution of creep problems. CompMater Sci 1996;6(3):268–280.
8. STR Ayob AB et al. Load interaction in pressurizedstructures using the finite element method. Int J PressVess Piping 1997;73(1):3–9.
9. STR Babu S, Iyer PK. Inelastic analysis of compo-nents using a modulus adjustment scheme. J PressVess Tech 1998;120(1):1–5.
10. STR Baniotopoulos CC. Saddle-supported pipelines:influence of unilateral support and thickness on thestress state. Int J Press Vess Piping 1996;67(1):55–64.
11. STR Batra RC, Rattazzi D. Adiabatic shear banding ina thick-walled steel tube. Comp Mech1997;20(5):412–426.
12. STR Batra RC et al. A comparison of 1-D and 3-Dsimulations of the twisting of a thermoviscoplastictube. Int J Plasticity 1996;12(1):29–33.
14. STR Beghini M et al. Creep behaviour of a nuclearpressure vessel under severe accident conditions. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 331. New York:ASME, 1996:137–143.
15. STR Behrend J et al. Stress investigations of oil fieldtubes in long-term use applying the finite elementmethod. EKEP 1997;113(10):421–424.
16. STR Bezdikian G et al. PWR vessel management:French approach for integrity assessment and
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17. STR Blachut J. Maximization of shakedown loads forinternally pressurized steel domed closures. In: FifthInternational Conference on Computer Aided OptimDes Structure. Rome: CMP, 1997:33–41.
18. STR Boot JC et al. Structural performance of thin-walled polyethylene pipe linings for the renovationof water mains. Tunnell Underground Space Tech1996;11(S1):37–51.
19. STR Boussaa D et al. Finite pure bending of curvedpipes. Computers and Structures 1996;60(6):1003–1012.
20. STR Chen HF et al. Study on the stress concentrationat the round corners of flat heads to internal pressure. JPress Vess Tech 1996;118(4):429–433.
21. STR Chen HF et al. A numerical method for referencestress in the evaluation of structure integrity. Int JPress Vess Piping 1997;71(1):47–53.
22. STR Chung JS, Cheng BR. Nonlinear coupledresponses to impact loads on free-span pipeline:torsional coupling, load steps and boundary condi-tions. Int J Offshore Polar Engng 1996;6(1):53–61.
23. STR Cramer BH et al. Reliability evaluation ofevacuation pipes on the troll GBS. In: 17th Interna-tional Conference on Offshore Mechanical and ArcticEngineering. Lisbon: OMAE, 1998:1–7.
24. STR Da Dilveira JLL et al. Shakedown and limitanalysis in a pressure vessel. In: Fourth World CongComp Mech. Buenos Aires, 1998:198.
25. STR DePadova TA, Sims JR. Fitness for continuedservice: local thin areas. In: Eighth InternationalConference on Press Vess Tech, Montreal. NewYork: ASME, 1996:175–181.
27. STR Dekker CJ, Cuperus J. Local load stresses incylindrical shells at plate clips. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;67(3):263–271.
28. STR Desquines J et al. In-plane limit moment for anelbow. Lower-bound analytical solution and finiteelement processing by elastic compensation method.Int J Press Vess Piping 1997;71(1):29–34.
29. STR Dragoni E. The radial compaction of a hypere-lastic tube as a benchmark in compressible finite elas-ticity. Int J Non-Linear Mech 1996;31(4):483–493.
30. STR Elawadly KM et al. Compression response offiber reinforced composite tubes. Adv Compos Mater1996;5(4):269–281.
31. STR Erzingatzian A et al. Mechanical behaviour offilament wound FRP pipes on saddle supports. In:Eighth Int Conf Press Vess Technol, Montreal. NewYork: ASME, 1996:307–314.
32. STR Flanders HE et al. Bending moment capacity of
33. STR Franco JRQ, Barros FB. Advances in finiteelement modelling of plastic behaviour of pressurevessels. In: Fourth World Cong Comp Mechan,Buenos Aires, 1998:185.
34. STR Fujita T et al. Seismic proving test on reactorshutdown cooling systems: pressure pulsation ofinstrumentation piping induced by seismic motion.In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 345. NewYork: ASME, 1997:207–211.
35. STR Fukuoka T, Takaki T. Three-dimensional finiteelement analysis of pipe flange-effects of flange inter-face geometry. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess PipingConf PVP 367. New York: ASME, 1998:125–131.
36. STR Fyrileiv O et al. Free span assessment of thezeepipe IIA pipeline. In: 17th Int Conf OffshoreMech Arctic Engng. Lisbon: OMAE, 1998;1–8.
37. STR Giglio M. Spherical vessel subjected to explosivedetonation loading. Int J Press Vess Piping1997;74(2):83–88.
38. STR Guan B et al. Application of artificial neuralnetwork to inverse problems of estimating inner etchof elastoplastic pipe under pressure. Acta Mech SolidaSinica 1996;9(1):88–93.
39. STR Guedes E, De Noronha RF. Circular openingreinforcement to ASME Code Section VIII analyticalprocedure versus finite element analysis. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 353. New York:ASME, 1997:325–332.
40. STR Guo YZ, Zeng ZJ. Six-plate analytical methodfor rectangular pressure vessels of finite length. Int JPress Vess Piping 1997;74(1):1–6.
41. STR Hari Y, Williams DK. Analysis of transition radiiin conical reducers. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press VessPiping Conf PVP 360. New York: ASME, 1998:335–342.
42. STR Harsokoesoemo D, Santoso G. Numericallycalculated stress concentration factors for twonormally intersecting cylinders due to internal pres-sure. In: Eighth Int Conf Press Vess Tech, Montreal.New York: ASME, 1996:61–68.
43. STR Harsokoesoemo D, Santoso G. Stress distributionin the region around two normally intersecting pipesdue to in-plane bending moments using finite elementmethod. In: ASME Asia Cong Exhib, Singapore. NewYork: ASME, 1997:AA-58.
44. STR Hassan T et al. Improved ratcheting analysis ofpiping components. Int J Press Vess Piping1998;75(8):643–652.
45. STR Hollinger GL, Hechmer JL. Summary of exampleproblems from PVRC project on three dimensionalstress criteria. In: ASME Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 338. New York: ASME, 1996:209–218.
46. STR Holzer SM, Yosibash Z. The p-version of thefinite element method in incremental elasto-plastic
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analysis. Int J Num Meth Engng 1996;39(11):1859–1878.
48. STR Hoon KH, Soh AK. Behaviour of pipes with acircular hole subjected to compressive loading. Strain1997;33(1):21–27.
49. STR Horr AM, Schmidt LC. A spectrally formulatedfinite element method for vibration of a tubular struc-ture. Struct Engng Mech 1996;4(3):209–226.
50. STR Hsieh CS et al. Investigation of flanges subjectedto operating conditions of pressure, temperature andbending moments. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press VessPiping Conf PVP 368. New York: ASME, 1998:245–257.
51. STR Hu G et al. Mechanical behaviour of filament-wound glass-fibre/epoxy-resin tubes III: macromecha-nical model of the macroscopic behaviour of tubularstructures. Compos Sci Technol 1998;58(1):19–29.
52. STR Huang D et al. Natural frequencies and modeshapes of curved pipes. Comput Struct1997;63(3):465–473.
53. STR Huang FY, Shi GL. Finite element analysis ofpressure vessel using beam on elastic foundationanalysis. Finite Elem Anal Design 1998;28(4):293–302.
54. STR Igland RT, Moan T. Reliability analysis of pipe-lines during laying, considering ultimate strengthunder combined loads. In: 17th Int Conf OffshoreMech Arctic Engng. Lisbon: OMAE, 1998:1–8.
55. STR Jacob BP et al. Numerical simulation of the pull-in operation in submarine pipelines. Engng Struct1997;19(10):868–876.
56. STR Jacquelin E et al. Modelling the behaviour of aPWR core by a homogenization technique. CompMeth Appl Mech Engng 1998;155(1/2):1–13.
57. STR Jamet P et al. French piping integrity researchprogram for the PWR. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;65(3):365–368.
58. STR Jia Z et al. Simulation of hydraulic expansion ofthin-walled tubes using the elastic-plastic finiteelement method. In: Third Bienn, Joint Conf EngngSyst Des Anal PD 75. New York: ASME, 1996:169–174.
59. STR Kabir ZM. Computer analysis of filament over-wrapped metallic pressure vessels with an optimumhead. In: Sixth Int Conf Comp Meth Compos Mater,Montreal. CMP, 1998:483–492.
60. STR Kalliontzis C. Non-liner finite element simula-tions of highly curved submarine pipelines. CommunNum Meth Engng 1998;14(11):1067–1088.
61. STR Kalliontzis C et al. Finite element stress analysisof unilaterally supported submarine pipelines. ComputStruct 1996;61(6):1207–1226.
63. STR Kiselyov V et al. Analysis of Novo-VoronezhNPP Unit 3 radiation lifetime of the WWER-440 reac-tor pressure vessel given samplings. Nucl Engng DesSafety Reliab Plant Technol 1997;171(1/3):173–178.
64. STR Klein HW, Wilming H. Dynamic behavior ofpiping systems under internal detonation loads. In:Eighth Int Conf Press Vess Technol, Montreal. NewYork: ASME, 1996:35–44.
65. STR Kobayashi H, Fujiwaka T. Analytical study of theresponse of piping with mechanical ratcheting underdynamic loads. In: ASME Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 345. New York: ASME, 1997:223–228.
66. STR Kobayashi H et al. Impact lateral compressiontest for circular ceramic tube. J Soc Mater Sci Jpn1996;45(8):901–906.
67. STR Koerner JP, Hiller W. Elastic-plastic finiteelement analysis of high pressure components in lowdensity polyethylene plants. In: ASME/JSME JointPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 371. New York:ASME, 1998:17–22.
68. STR Kormi K et al, The application of the FEM todetermine the response of a pretorsioned pipe clusterto static or dynamic axial impact loading. ComputStruct 1997;62(2):353–368.
69. STR Kosasayama H et al. New stress analysis proce-dure for piping with refractory lining. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 368. NewYork: ASME, 1998:201–210.
70. STR Koundy V et al. Modeling of multiaxial creepbehavior for Incoloy 800 tubes under internal pressure.In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 323. NewYork: ASME, 1996:165–170.
71. STR Koves WJ, Sanger RJ. Evaluation of pressuredesign criteria for nozzles. In: Eighth Int Conf PressVess Tech, Montreal. New York: ASME, 1996:271–279.
72. STR Kristiansen NO et al. Structural modelling ofmulti-span pipe configurations subjected to vortexinduced vibrations. In: Eighth Int Offshore PolarEngng Conf, Montreal, vol. 2. 1998:127–133.
73. STR Lapsley C, Mackenzie D. Residual stress at radialcross-bores. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP344. New York: ASME, 1997:51–54.
74. STR Lengsfeld M et al. FEA vs API-650 for low tanknozzles (2). In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP359. New York: ASME, 1997:247–252.
75. STR Lengsfeld M et al. Alternate method to determinefixed tube sheet thickness. In: ASME/JSME JointPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 368. New York:ASME, 1998:41–46.
76. STR Lesinski KJ et al. Investigation of the technicalcondition of fuel pipelines. Int J Join Mater1996;8(3):127–130.
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77. STR Liu J, Hirano T. Design and analysis of FRPpressure vessels with load-carrying metallic liners.In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP368. New York: ASME, 1998:95–101.
78. STR Liu YH et al. Integrity assessment of defectivepressurized pipelines by direct simplified methods. IntJ Press Vess Piping 1997;74(1):49–57.
79. STR Lowe MJS et al. The mode conversion of aguided wave by a part-circumferential notch in apipe. J Appl Mech 1998;65(3):649–656.
80. STR Lu CH et al. Free vibration of thick-walled lami-nated conical tubes. Comput Struct 1996;59(3):397–405.
81. STR Macfarlane DM, Boyle JT. Study of primarystress indices for piping elbows. In: ASME PressVess Piping Conf PVP 331. New York: ASME,1996:201–205.
82. STR Mackenzie D et al. Elastic compensation methodin shell-based design by analysis. In: ASME PressVess Piping Conf PVP 338. New York: ASME,1996:203–208.
83. STR Mackenzie D et al. Application of inelastic finiteelement analysis to pressure vessel design. In: EighthInt Conf Press Vess Tech, Montreal. New York:ASME, 1996:109–115.
84. STR Martens DH et al. Nozzle stiffness and stresscomputation using a parametrically controlled finiteelement modelling approach. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 336. New York: ASME,1996:323–326.
85. STR Martens DH et al. Analysis of tubesheetstresses in a sulfur recovery unit. In: ASME PressVess Piping Conf PVP 336. New York: ASME,1996:361–371.
86. STR Martens DH et al. Investigation of heat exchangerstayed knuckle tubesheet stresses. In: ASME PressVess Piping Conf PVP 359. New York: ASME,1997:217–231.
87. STR Masu LM. Cross bore configuration and sizeeffects on the stress distribution in thick-walled cylin-ders. Int J Press Vess Piping 1997;72(2):171–176.
88. STR Masu LM. Numerical analysis of cylinderscontaining circular offset cross-bores. Int J PressVess Piping 1998;75(3):191–196.
89. STR Matzen VC, Yu L. Elbow stress indices usingfinite element analysis. Nucl Engng Design1998:181(1/3):257–265.
90. STR McGrath TJ. Replacing E prime with theconstrained modulus in flexible pipe design. In: ProcPipe Div Conf Pipelines Constr Envir. San Diego, CA:ASCE, 1998:28–40.
91. STR Millard A. Refined inelastic analysis of pipingsby means of a double scale finite element. In: OwenDRJ, editor. Proc Fifth Int Conf Comput Plast,CIMNE, 1997:1930–1934.
92. STR Mohan R et al. Study of effects of pipe geometry
on FAD curves for austenitic stainless steel and ferriticsteel piping materials. In: ASME Press Vess PipingConf PVP 350. New York: ASME, 1997:77–88.
93. STR Mohan R et al. Study of effects of pipe geometryon FAD curves for austenitic stainless steel and ferriticsteel piping materials. J Press Vess Technol1998;120(1):86–92.
94. STR Moinereau D et al. Some recent developments inFrench reactor pressure vessel structural integrityassessment. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess PipingConf PVP 365. New York: ASME, 1998:45–58.
95. STR Moore ID, Hu F. Linear viscoelastic modelling ofprofiles high density polyethylene pipe. Can J CivilEngng 1996;23(2):395–407.
96. STR Moreton DN et al. Ratcheting of plain carbonsteel pressurized cylinders subjected to simulated seis-mic bending: the effect of the D/T ratio. J Strain AnalEngng Des 1998;33(1):39–53.
97. STR Mou Y et al. Plastic instability in pressure vesselsand their role in design. In: ASME/JSME Joint PressVess Piping Conf PVP 370. New York: ASME,1998:135–141.
98. STR Moussa WA, Abdel Hamid AN. On the evalua-tion of dynamic stresses in pipelines using limitedvibration measurements and FEA in the frequencydomain. In: Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary, vol. 2. NewYork: ASME, 1998:705–710.
99. STR Moussa WA, Abdel Hamid AN. On the evalua-tion of dynamics stresses in pipelines using limitedvibration measurements and FEA in the time domain.In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP368. New York: ASME, 1998:29–34.
100. STR Nadarajah C, Ng HW. Biaxial ratcheting andcyclic plasticity for bree-type loading. Part II: compar-ison between finite element analysis and theory. JPress Vess Technol 1996;118(2):161–167.
101. STR Nadarajah C et al. Shakedown analysis of nozzle/cylinder intersections under internal pressure and in-plane moment loading. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;68(3):261–272.
102. STR Nash DH, Banks WM. Numerical analysis of asling support arrangement for GRP composite pressurevessels. Compos Struct 1997;38(1/4):679–687.
103. STR Nash DH, Tooth AS. Influence of the flexibilityof the dished end on twin saddle supported pressurevessels. In: Eighth Int Conf Press Vess Tech,Montreal. New York: ASME, 1996:475–480.
104. STR Nash DH et al. Finite element modelling of sling-supported pressure vessels. Thin-Wall Struct1998;30(1/4):95–110.
105. STR Ng HW, Nadarajah C. Biaxial ratcheting andcyclic plasticity for bree-type loading. Part I: finiteelement analysis. J Press Vess Tech1996;118(2):154–160.
106. STR O’Donnell WJ et al. Material non-linearity treat-ment for simplified ASME code application. In:
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107. STR Okeil AM, Tung CC. Effects of ductility on seis-mic response of piping systems and their implicationon design and qualification. Nucl Engng Design1996;166(1):69–83.
108. STR Olofsson K et al. Laser generated and recordedtransient bending waves in composite tubes. Exp Mech1996;36(3):224–231.
109. STR Pantelelis NG, Kanarachos AE. FEM stressanalysis and design of a PVC reinforced pipe. In:56th Ann Tech Conf. Atlanta, GA: ANTEC,1998:3517–3521.
110. STR Pastor TP, Hechmer J. ASME Task Group reporton primary stress. J Press Vess Tech 1997;119(1):61–67.
111. STR Pekau OA et al. Static and dynamic analysis oftall tube-in-tube structures by finite story method.Engng Struct 1996;18(7):515–527.
113. STR Porter MA, Martens DH. Stress evaluation of atypical vessel nozzle using PVRC 3D stress criteria:guidelines for application. In: ASME/JSME JointPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 368. New York:ASME, 1996:297–301.
114. STR Porter MA et al. Practical vessel system force/moment analysis using finite element techniques. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 336. New York:ASME, 1996:337–340.
115. STR Price NM et al. Vibrations of cylindrical pipesand open shells. J Sound Vib 1998;218(3):361–387.
117. STR Ramos A et al. Delayed coke drum assessmentusing field measurements and FEA. In: ASME/JSMEJoint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 368. New York:ASME, 1998:231–237.
118. STR Reinhardt WD. Yield criteria for the elastic-plas-tic design of tubesheets with triangular penetrationpatterns. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess PipingConf PVP 370. New York: ASME, 1998:113–119.
119. STR Salzar RS et al. Elastoplastic analysis of layeredmetal matrix composite cylinders. Part II: numericalresults. J Press Vess Tech 1996;118(1):21–26.
120. STR Sanal Z. Geometrically and physically nonlinearanalysis of pressure vessels. Stahlbau1998;67(6):478–482.
121. STR Sang ZF et al. Local stresses in cylindricalvessels due to axial thrust on nozzle. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 333. New York:ASME, 1996:3–11.
122. STR Sang ZF et al. Local stresses in cylindricalvessels due to moments on the nozzle. In: Eighth Int
Conf Press Vess Tech, Montreal. New York: ASME,1996:97–108.
123. STR Sang ZF et al. Effect of geometric gap betweencylinder and reinforcement pad on local stresses(moment loading on nozzle). In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 356. New York: ASME,1997:151–161.
124. STR Sattari-Far I, Dahlberg L. Sensitivity study of thepretest analysis of the NESC-1 spinning cylinderexperiment. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess PipingConf PVP 365. New York: ASME, 1998:59–66.
125. STR Sawa T et al. Stress analysis of stainless steelelbow and tee fittings under internal pressure. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP375. New York: ASME, 1998:69–74.
127. STR Seshadri R. Robust stress-classification of pres-sure components using the GLOSS and GLOSS R-node methods. J Press Vess Tech 1996;118(2):208–215.
128. STR Shalaby MA, Younan MYA. Nonlinear analysisand plastic deformation of pipe elbows subjected to in-plane bending. Int J Press Vess Piping1998;75(8):603–611.
129. STR Sherry AH et al. Application of local approach topredict the outcome of the NESC experiment. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP365. New York: ASME, 1998:75–84.
130. STR Shoji Y, Nagata S. On the modeling of pressurevessel shell portion affecting local deformation atnozzles and other structural discontinuities. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP368. New York: ASME, 1998:47–53.
131. STR Sidener SE et al. Dynamic finite element model-ing of the effects of size on the upper shelf energy ofpressure vessel steels. J Nucl Mater 1996;239(1/3):210–218.
132. STR Skopinsky VN. Stress analysis of nonradialcylindrical shell intersection subjected to externalloading. Int J Press Vess Piping 1996;67(2):145–153.
133. STR Skopinsky VN. Stress analysis of shell intersec-tions with torus transition under internal pressure load-ing. J Press Vess Tech 1998;119(3):288–292.
134. STR Skopinsky VN. Comparative study of reinforcednozzle connections. Nucl Engng Design1998;179(2):175–179.
135. STR Sriskandarajah T et al. Technical outline of highstrain based design for marine pipelines. In: Sixth IntOffshore Polar Engng Conf, Los Angeles, CA, vol. 2.1996:19–26.
136. STR Strub C et al. Analysis of slug impact against thereactor pressure vessel head interpretation of BerdaTest 07 with the finite element code PLEXUS. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP362. New York: ASME, 1998:19–26.
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137. STR Tafreshi A. Numerical analysis of thin torisphe-rical end closures. Int J Press Vess Piping1997;71(1):77–88.
138. STR Takahashi H et al. Multiple-slip work-hardeningmodel in crystals with application to torsion-tensionbehaviors of aluminium tubes. Int J Plasticity1998;14(6):489–509.
139. STR Taljat B et al. Mechanical design of steel tubingfor use in black liquor recovery boilers. In: Int SympCorros Pulp Paper Ind. Ottawa: CPPA, 1998:193–197.
140. STR Tornes K et al. Pipeline structural response tofishing gear pull-over loads by 3D transient FEManalysis. In: Eighth Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf,Montreal, vol. 2. 1998:134–142.
141. STR Tripa VM et al. On the transfer-matrix method(TMM) for the cylindrical vessels with an intermediateedge under uniformly distributed pressure. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 375. NewYork: ASME, 1998:63–68.
142. STR Truong KT. Improved FCCU refractory-linedpiping design. Hydrocarbon Process 1998;77(7):1–4.
143. STR Tzeng JT, Hopkins DA. Dynamic response ofcomposite cylinders subjected to a moving internalpressure. J Reinf Plast Compos 1996;15(11):1088–1105.
144. STR Ukadgaonker VG, Kale PA. Finite element stressanalysis of tubesheets perforated by circular holes insquare pitch pattern. J Press Vess Tech1998;120(1):12–16.
145. STR Ukadgaonker VG et al. Interaction effect of fewcircular holes in a circular tubesheet subjected touniform internal pressure. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 354. New York: ASME, 1997:29–37.
146. STR Varga L. Design of pressure vessels taking plasticreserve into account. Int J Press Vess Piping1998;75(4):331–341.
147. STR Wada H, Oguchi N. Interaction between doubledressed zones on the outer surface of a pressure vessel.In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP375. New York: ASME, 1998:55–61.
148. STR Wang A. Stresses and stability for the cone-cylin-der shells with toroidal transition. Int J Press VessPiping 1998;75(1):49–56.
149. STR Wang XL et al. Experimental determination ofthe residual stresses in a Kraft recovery boiler tube. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 347. New York:ASME, 1997:165–171.
150. STR Wei Z et al. Stress and strength analysis of fiberreinforced plastic pipe tees with reinforcement. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 326. New York:ASME, 1996:201–209.
151. STR Weiss E, Joost H. Local and global flexibility ofnozzle-to-vessel intersections under local loads asboundary conditions for piping system design. Int JPress Vess Piping 1997;73(3):241–247.
152. STR Weiss E et al. Linear and nonlinear finite elementanalyses of pipe bends. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;67(2):211–217.
153. STR Weiss E et al. Design of conical and toriconicalshells under internal pressure based on finite elementanalyses. Chem Engng Tech 1996;19(1):28–33.
154. STR Weiss E et al. Notch stress analysis by FE sub-modeling. J Press Vess Tech 1997;119(2):243–244.
155. STR Wheel MA. Finite-volume approach to the stressanalysis of pressurized axisymmetric structures. Int JPress Vess Piping 1996;68(3):311–317.
156. STR Wierzbicki T, Sinmao MV. A simplified model ofBrazier effect in plastic bending of cylindrical tubes.Int J Press Vess Piping 1997;71(1):19–28.
157. STR Williams DK. Prediction of residual stress field inmechanically expanded 0.750 inches diameter steamgenerator tube plugs. Part 1: 2D solution. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 327. New York: ASME,1996:173–180.
158. STR Williams DK. Prediction of residual stress field inmechanically expanded 0.750 DPRM diameter steamgenerator tube plugs, Part 2: 3-D solution. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 354. New York: ASME,1997:17–28.
159. STR Williams DK. Finite element analysis of compo-site pressure vessels in a microwave environment. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 368.New York: ASME, 1998:79–85.
160. STR Wong DM. Finite element analysis of vesselnozzle for agitator supports. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 338. New York: ASME,1996:233–239.
161. STR Xu JJ et al. Local pressure stresses on lateralpipe-nozzle with a 458 angle intersection. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 356. New York: ASME,1997:15–24.
162. STR Xue MD et al. Stress and strength analysis byFEM of fibre reinforced plastic pipe tees subjected tointernal pressure. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;67(1):11–15.
163. STR Yeom DJ, Robinson M. Numerical analysis of theelastic-plastic behaviour of pressure vessels with ellip-soidal and torispherical heads. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;65(2):147–156.
164. STR Yoshizaki K et al. Large deformation behavior ofpipe bends subjected to in-plane bending. In: Int Pipe-line Conf, Calgary, 2nd ed. New York: ASME,1998:733–740.
165. STR You LH et al. Simplified calculation method ofwall plates of dry gas holders under gas pressure. Int JPress Vess Piping 1997;74(1):13–18.
166. STR Young KJ, Perez EH. Finite element modelingand design criteria for elastic-plastic analysis of highpressure vessels. In: ASME Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 344. New York: ASME, 1997:37–42.
167. STR Yushan Z et al. Stress analysis of approximately
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ellipsoidal cold-spun tri-arc tank head and parameteroptimization. Int J Press Vess Piping 1996;68(3):237–242.
168. STR Zahraee MA et al. Finite element analysis of atube clamp. In: ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo,Dallas, TX. New York: ASME, 1997:1–6.
169. STR Zarrabi K, Zhang H. Primary stress in scarredboiler tubes. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;65(2):157–161.
170. STR Zhao Y. Random vibration and ratcheting analy-sis based evaluation of current ASME code nuclearpiping design criteria. In: ASME Press Vess PipingConf PVP 345. New York: ASME, 1997:19–26.
171. STR Zhao Y et al. Parametric nonlinear finite elementanalysis of strain ratcheting in pressurized elbowsbased on random vibration. Shock Vib1996;3(5):373–387.
172. STR Zhi YS, Wang ZR. Stress analysis of two-arcapproximate ellipsoidal pressure vessel heads andparameter optimization. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;67(2):199–202.
173. STR Zhou SZ, Chen JJG. Safety analysis for a highpressure cylinder of an oilfield truck-mountedcompressor. In: ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo,SERA 7. New York: ASME, 1997:17–23.
A.2. Stability problems (STA)
1. STA Akgun F et al. Theoretical and experimentalevaluation of drill pipe stability conditions in slimholes. In: Asia Pacific Oil Gas Conf. Adelaide: SPE,1996:641–655.
2. STA Assanelli AP et al. Analysis of the collapse of steeltubes under external pressure. In: Fourth World CongComp Mech, Buenos Aires, 1998:172.
3. STA Blachut J, Jaiswal OR. Buckling of imperfectellipsoids and closed toroids subjected to external pres-sure. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 368. New York: ASME, 1998:121–128.
4. STA Boot JC, Welch AJ. Creep buckling of thin-walledpolymeric pipe linings subject to external ground-waterpressure. Thin-Wall Struct 1996;24(3):191–210.
5. STA Chiou YJ, Chi SY. Study on buckling of offshorepipelines. J Offshore Mech Arctic Engng1996;118(1):62–70.
6. STA Dixon RD, Perez EH. Comparison between linear-elastic and limit analysis methods for the design of highpressure vessels. In: ASME Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 344. New York: ASME, 1997:43–49.
7. STA Dixon RD, Perez EH. Effects of cross-bores on thelimit load of high pressure cylindrical vessels. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 371.New York: ASME, 1998:119–123.
8. STA El-Sawy K, Moore ID. Stability of loosely fittedliners used to rehabilitate rigid pipes. J Struct Engng1998;124(11):1350–1357.
9. STA Franco JRQ, Barros FB. An improved adaptiveformulation for the computation of limit analysisproblems on axisymmetrical shells. In: Owen DRJ,editor. Fifth Int Conf Comput Plast, CIMNE,1997:626–632.
10. STA Frederiksen PS et al. Controlled lateral buckling ofsubmarine pipelines in snaked configuration. In: 17thInt Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng. Lisbon:OMAE, 1998:1–10.
11. STA Gresnigt AM, Steenbergen HMGM. Plastic defor-mation and local buckling of pipelines loaded by bend-ing and torsion. In: Eighth Int Offshore Polar Eng Conf,Montreal, vol. 2. 1998:143–152.
12. STA Gresnigt AM et al. Effect of local buckling onburst pressure. In: Sixth Int Offshore Polar EngngConf, Los Angeles, CA, vol. 2. 1996:80–88.
13. STA Hamilton R et al. Simplified lower-bound limitanalysis of pressurized cylinder–cylinder intersectionsusing generalized yield criteria. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;67(2):219–226.
14. STA Kaji Y et al. Estimation of creep buckling defor-mation under external pressure at elevated temperature.J Press Vess Tech 1996;118(2):194–197.
15. STA Karamanos SA. Stability of pressurized longinelastic cylinders under radial transverse loads.Comp Mechanics 1996;18(6):444–453.
16. STA Karamanos SA, Tassoulas JL. Tubular members.Part I: stability analysis and preliminary results. JEngng Mech, 1996;122(1):64–71.
17. STA Karamanos SA, Tassoulas JL. Tubular members.Part II: local buckling and experimental verification. JEng Mech 1996;122(1):72–78.
18. STA Kim Y et al. Delamination buckling of a shortorthotropic tube under axial compression. ComputStruct 1996;58(1):173–182.
19. STA Koundy V et al. Creep buckling of ovalized tubesunder external pressure. J Press Vess Tech1996;118(4):460–463.
20. STA Koundy V et al. Effects of torsional bucklingon the cleavage failure of low-alloy steel tensionpipe specimens. J Press Vess Tech 1998;120(3):256–261.
21. STA Li JZ et al. Finite element analysis for buckling ofpressure vessels with ellipsoidal head. Int J Press VessPiping 1998;75(2):115–120.
22. STA Mansour GN, Yang YS. Collapse of oval coiledtubing under external pressure. Comput Model SimulEngng 1996;1:385–390.
23. STA Murray DW. Local buckling, strain localization,wrinkling and postbuckling response of line pipe.Engng Struct 1997;19(5):360–371.
24. STA Ooka Y et al. Simulative analyses of dynamicbuckling of bellows. J Press Vess Tech1996;118(2):129–136.
25. STA Palmer-Jones R, Turner TE. Pipeline buckling,corrosion and low cycle fatigue. In: 17th Int Conf
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26. STA Park TD, Kyriakides S. On the collapse of dentedcylinders under external pressure. Int J Mech Sci1996;38(5):557–578.
27. STA Park TD, Kyriakides S. On the performance ofintegral buckle arrestors for offshore pipelines. Int JMech Sci 1997;39(6):643–669.
28. STA Quimby TB. Critical length for upheaval bucklingof straight pipelines buried in ice rich soils. In: 15th IntConf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Florence. NewYork: ASME, 1996:373–376.
29. STA Shalaby MA, Younan MYA. Limit loads for pipeelbows with internal pressure under in-plane closingbending moments. In: ASME Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 347. New York: ASME, 1997:203–213.
30. STA Shalaby MA, Younan MYA. Limit loads for pipeelbows with internal pressure under in-plane closingbending moments. J Press Vess Tech 1998;120(1):35–42.
31. STA Tassoulas JL et al. Finite element analysis of tubestability in deep water. Comput Struct 1997;64(1/4):791–807.
32. STA Tong R, Wang X. Simplified method based on thedeformation theory for structural limit analysis-II:numerical application and investigation on meshdensity. Int J Press Vess Piping 1997;70(1):51–58.
33. STA Wang A. Stresses and stability for the cone-cylin-der shells with toroidal transition. Int J Press VessPiping 1998;75(1):49–56.
34. STA Wu L, Carney JF. Initial collapse of braced ellip-tical tubes under lateral compression. Int J Mech Sci1997;39(9):1023–1036.
35. STA Yeom DJ, Robinson M. Limit analysis of a sphe-rical shell under axial loading on central boss. J PressVess Tech 1996;118(4):455–459.
36. STA Zheng AS. Improved model for collapse pressureof oval coiled tubing. In: SPE/ICoTA Coil TubingRoundtab Conf. Houston, TX: SPE, 1996:35–41.
A.3. Thermal problems (THE)
1. THE Adinarayana N, Alwar RS. Elastoplastic stress andstrain predictions for axisymmetric pressure-vesselbodies under transient thermal loads. J Strain AnalEngng Des 1996;31(2):81–89.
2. THE Amin MR. Conjugate forced convection heattransfer in tubes with obstruction. J Thermophys HeatTransf 1998;12(1):114–116.
3. THE Batra RC et al. Comparison of 1D and 3D simula-tions of the twisting of a thermoviscoplastic tube. Int JPlasticity 1996;12(1):29–33.
4. THE Blauel JG et al. Effect of cladding on the initiationbehaviour of finite length cracks in a RPV under thermalshock. Nucl Engng Des Safety Reliab Plant Tech1997;171(1/3):179–188.
5. THE Budkowska BB, Kreja I. Numerical simulation ofirregular temperature field around shallow pipe in soilmedium. In: Sixth Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, LosAngeles, CA, vol 2. 1996:119–125.
6. THE Coppola T et al. Simulation of complex mechan-ical and thermal loading conditions on OCTG premiumconnections by means of finite element modelling. In:Fourth World Cong Comp Mech, Buenos Aires,1998:1168.
7. THE Delle Site C et al. Influence of fouling on the heattransfer characteristics of boiler tubes: a comparisonbetween a numerical simulation and an industrial testcase. In: ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo AES 37.New York: ASME, 1997:271–278.
8. THE Deng J et al. New method to estimate the thermalcontact resistance in finned-tube heat exchangers.ASHRAE Trans 1997;103(2):316–321.
9. THE Diaz V et al. Simplified thermo-visco-plasticmodel for PWR vessel behaviour during a severe acci-dent. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 362. New York: ASME, 1998:91–98.
10. THE Duijvestijn G et al. Prediction of thermoplasticfailure of a reactor pressure vessel under a postulatedcore melt accident. Comput Struct 1997;64(5/6);1239–1249.
11. THE Enokizono M et al. Eddy current and temperaturedistributions in a resistance weld pipe. In: IEEE CEFC’96, Okayama, 1996:343.
12. THE Gong ZX, Majumdar AS. Finite element analysisof cyclic heat transfer in a shell-and-tube latent heatenergy storage exchanger. Appl Thermal Engng1997;17(6):583–592.
13. THE Gowda YTK et al. Finite element analysis ofmixed convection over in-line tube bundles. Int J HeatMass Transf 1998;41(11):1613–1619.
14. THE Holstein D et al. Deformation analysis of ther-mally loaded composite tubes. Compos Struct1997;40(3/4):257–265.
15. THE Hsieh CS et al. Investigation of flanges subjected tooperating conditions of pressure, temperature and bend-ing moments. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess PipingConf PVP 368. New York: ASME, 1998:245–257.
16. THE Intemann PA, Kazmierczak M. Heat transfer andice formations deposited upon cold tube bundlesimmersed in flowing water, I-convection analysis. IntJ Heat Mass Transf 1997;40(3):557–572.
17. THE Intemann PA, Kazmierczak M. Heat transfer andice formations deposited upon cold tube bundlesimmersed in flowing water, II-conjugate analysis. Int.J. Heat Mass Transf 1997;40(3):573–588.
18. THE Kaji Y et al. Estimation of creep buckling defor-mation under external pressure at elevated temperature.J Press Vess Tech 1996;118(2):194–197.
19. THE Koundy V et al. Modeling of multiaxial creepbehaviour for Incoloy 800 tubes under internal pressure.J Press Vess Tech 1997;119(3):313–318.
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20. THE Li LJ et al. Turbulent heat transfer to near-criticalwater in a heated curved pipe under the conditions ofmixed convection. In: ASME Int Mech Engng CongExpo HTD 361-1. New York: ASME, 1998:101–108.
21. THE Li M et al. A 3D finite element analysis oftemperature and stress fields in girth welded 304L stain-less steel pipe. In: Fourth Int Conf Trends Weld Res.Gatlinburg: ASM, 1996:51–56.
22. THE Lin CX, Ebadian MA. Developing turbulentconvective heat transfer in helical pipes. In: Int MechEngng Cong Expo HTD 333. New York: ASME,1996:77–84.
23. THE Lin CX, Ebadian MA. Developing turbulentconvective heat transfer in helical pipes. Int J HeatMass Transf 1997;40(16):3861–3873.
24. THE Lin CX, Ebadian MA. Combined laminar forcedconvection and thermal radiation in a curved pipe. In:Seventh Joint Thermophys Heat Transf Conf. Albu-querque, NM: AIAA, 1998:73–80.
25. THE Malinowski Z et al. Thermal-mechanical model ofthe tube elongation process in Diescher’s mill. J MaterProcess Technol 1996;60(1/4):513–516.
26. THE Martens DH et al. Investigation of heat exchangerstayed knuckle tubesheet stresses. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 359. New York: ASME, 1997:217–231.
27. THE McClellan G, Mou Y. Elastic-plastic thermal tran-sient stress analysis of a zero-reinforcement vesselclosure. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 354.New York: ASME, 1997:111–119.
28. THE Min T et al. Laminar convective heat transfer of aBingham plastic in a circular pipe-II: numericalapproach-hydrodynamically developing flow. Int JHeat Mass Transf 1997;40(15):3689–3701.
29. THE Miura N, Shimakawa T. Ductile fracture behaviorof stainless steel cracked pipes at high temperature. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 365.New York: ASME, 1998:231–239.
30. THE Moinereau D et al. NESC spinning cylinder ther-mal shock experiment. French contribution to the pre-test fracture analysis evaluation. In: ASME/JSME JointPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 362. New York: ASME,1998:261–279.
31. THE Mukhopadhyay NK et al. Numerical characteriza-tion of a cylinder with circumferential cracks underpressurized thermal shock. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;69(2):97–104.
32. THE Mukhopadhyay NK et al. Fracture assessment ofreactor pressure vessels under pressurized thermalshock. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 365. New York: ASME, 1998:67–73.
33. THE Ng HW, Lee CK. Remaining life of a vesselcontaining an internal corner crack under repeated ther-mal shock. Proc Inst Mech Engng, Part E,1997;211(3):215–219.
34. THE Ng HW et al. Experiments and FEA on horizontal
pressure vessels under thermal expansion. In: ASMEAsia Cong Exhib, Singapore. New York: ASME,1997:AA-106.
35. THE Ong LS et al. Parametric equations for maximumstresses in cylindrical vessels subjected to thermalexpansion loading. Int J Press Vess Piping1998;75(3):255–262.
36. THE Palmer G, Baker G. Thermo-mechanical stressanalysis of low cement refractory castable on cementkiln burner pipes. Zement-Kalk-Gips Int 1996;49(1):36–42.
37. THE Perl M, Greenberg Y. Three dimensional analysisof thermal shock effect on inner semi-elliptical surfacecracks in a cylindrical pressure vessel. In: ASME PressVess Piping Conf PVP 344. New York: ASME,1997:55–59.
38. THE Pittman JFT, Farah IA. Comprehensive simulationof cooling process in plastic pipe manufacture. PlastRubber Process Appl 1996;25(6):305–312.
39. THE Poquillon D et al. Local approach applied tocreep-fatigue crack initiation and crack growth incircumferentially notched 316L tubes under tensionand cyclic thermal shock. Mater High Temp1998;15(3/4):277–283.
40. THE Ranganaykulu C et al. The effects of longitudinalheat conduction in compact plate-fin and tube-fin heatexchangers. Int J Heat Mass Transf 1997;40(6):1261–1277.
41. THE Ravichandran G et al. Analysis of temperaturedistribution during circumferential welding of cylindri-cal and spherical components using the finite elementmethod. Comput Struct 1996;59(2):225–255.
42. THE Razaqpur AG, Wang D. Frost-induced deforma-tions and stresses in pipelines. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;69(2):105–118.
43. THE Reinhardt W et al. Design and analysis of a tube-sheet for extreme transient thermal loading. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 370. NewYork: ASME, 1998:143–150.
44. THE Sanzi HC. Computational model for tube–tube-sheet joints of the heat exchanger under hydraulicexpansion. In: Owen DRJ, editor. 5th Int Conf ComputPlast. CIMNE, 1997:1973–1978.
45. THE Seibi AC, Amateau MF. Finite element modellingand optimization for controlling the residual thermalstresses of laminated composite tubes. Compos Struct1998;41(2):151–157.
46. THE Stubblefield MA et al. Heat-activated joining tech-nology for composite to alloy piping systems. In: 56thAnn Tech Conf. Atlanta, GA: ANTEC, vol. 1.1998:1095–1098.
47. THE Taler J et al. Monitoring of transient temperatureand thermal stresses in pressure components of steamboilers. Int J Press Vess Piping 1997;72(3):231–241.
48. THE Teng TL, Chang PH. Three-dimensional thermo-mechanical analysis of circumferentially welded thin-
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walled pipes. Int J Press Vess Piping 1998;75(3):237–247.
49. THE Tooth AS et al. Support of horizontal vesselscontaining high temperature fluids-a design study. In:Eighth Int Conf Press Vess Tech, Montreal. New York:ASME, 1996:431–437.
50. THE Tsai SF, Sheu TWH. Some physical insights into atwo-row finned-tube heat transfer. Comput Fluids1998;27(1):29–46.
51. THE Walter M, Schuler G. Stress analysis, fracturemechanics assessment and residual life prediction fora pressure vessel subjected to temperature and pressureloads. In: Eighth Int Conf Press Vess Tech, Montreal.New York: ASME, 1996:377–393.
52. THE Xi T, Rogers RJ. Dynamic friction modelling inheat exchanger tube simulations. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 328. New York: ASME, 1996:347–358.
53. THE Zarrabi K et al. Estimation of metal temperaturevariations for scarred boiler tubes. Int J Press VessPiping 1996;69(3):239–246.
A.4. Fracture mechanics problems (FRA)
1. FRA Abd El Halim AO et al. Utilization of the relativerigidity concept to predict the failure of pipe systemsunder explosive loads. Can J Civil Engng1996;23(1):107–116.
2. FRA Abdel Wahab MM, De Roeck G. Fracturemechanics approach for designing an adhesive jointfor glass fibre-reinforced pipes. J Adhesion Sci Tech1997;11(5):719–733.
3. FRA Bartholome G et al. Determination of criticalcircumferential through-wall crack sizes regardingload reduction by increased flexibility in pipingsystems. Int J Press Vess Piping 1997;71(2):155–164.
4. FRA Batisse R et al. Biaxial high cycle fatigue tests ona gas transmission pipeline steel. Fatigue Fract EngngMater Struct 1996;19(10):1231–1238.
5. FRA BenDhia A et al. 3D finite element analyses of anew fracture toughness testing method for tubularstructures. Int J Press Vess Piping 1997;71(2):189–196.
6. FRA Bergman M, Brickstad B. Procedure for analysisof leak before break in pipes subject to fatigue orIGSCC. Rivis Ital Saldatura 1997;49(4):357–367.
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9. FRA Bonora N. COD of off-centered cracks in pipes
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10. FRA Brust FW et al. Influence of residual stresses andweld repairs on pipe fracture. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 347. New York: ASME, 1997:173–191.
11. FRA Budiman HT, Lagace PA. Nondimensional para-meters for geometric nonlinear effects in pressurizedcylinders with axial cracks. J Appl Mech1997;64(2):401–407.
12. FRA Carpinteri A, Brighenti R. Circumferentialsurface flaws in pipes under cyclic axial loading.Engng Fract Mech 1998;60(4):383–396.
13. FRA Carpinteri A et al. Part-through cracks in pipesunder cyclic bending. Nucl Engng Des1998;185(1):1–10.
14. FRA Cavak M et al. Initial bending fatigue of PVCpipe joints. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess PipingConf PVP 365. New York: ASME, 1998:409–436.
15. FRA Chaouadi R et al. Application of micromechani-cal models of ductile fracture initiation to reactor pres-sure vessel materials. ASTM Spec Publ1996;1270:531–546.
16. FRA Chapuliot S et al. Stress intensity factors forinternal circumferential cracks in tubes over a widerange of radius over thickness ratios. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 365. NewYork: ASME, 1998:95–106.
17. FRA Choi JB et al. Effect of cladding on stress inten-sity factors in the pressure vessel. In: ASME/JSMEJoint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 374. New York:ASME, 1998:29–33.
18. FRA Choo YS et al. Stresses and strength of padeye tocircular pipe connection. In: sixth Int Offshore PolarEngng Conf, Los Angeles, CA, vol. 1. 1996:570–576.
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22. FRA Delliou PL et al. Fracture mechanics analysis ofcast duplex stainless steel elbows containing a surfacecrack. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 323(1).New York: ASME, 1996:117–123.
23. FRA Dhia AB et al. Three-dimensional finite elementanalyses for a new fracture toughness testing methodfor tubular structures. Int J Press Vess Piping1997;71(2):189–195.
24. FRA Dickson TL et al. Inclusion of weld residual
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stress in fracture margin assessments of embrittlednuclear reactor pressure vessels. In: ASME/JSMEJoint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 373. New York:ASME, 1998:387–395.
25. FRA Dinovitzer AS et al. Strain-based failure criteriafor sharp part-wall defects in pipelines. In: Int PipelineConf, Calgary, vol. 1. New York: ASME, 1998:255–261.
26. FRA Dong P et al. Effects of weld residual stresses oncrack opening area analysis of pipes for LBB applica-tions. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 327.New York: ASME, 1996:89–102.
27. FRA Dubois DJM. Fatigue analysis of closuresystems. In: Eighth Int Conf Press Vess Tech,Montreal. New York: ASME, 1996:83–89.
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29. FRA Edsinger K et al. Effect of constraint on tough-ness of a pressure vessel steel. ASTM Spec Publ1996;1270:670–689.
31. FRA Escoe AK. Flow-induced vibration failure in asteam condenser and its successful redesign. In:ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo AD 53-2. NewYork: ASME, 1997:239–248.
32. FRA Fahrer A et al. Study of the failure behaviour ofkey-lock joints in glass fibre reinforced plastic pipe-work. Composites, Part A 1996;27(6):429–435.
33. FRA France CC et al. New stress intensity factorand crack opening area solutions for through-wallcracks in pipes and cylinders. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 350. New York: ASME, 1997:143–195.
34. FRA Franco C, Gilles P. J estimation scheme in pres-surized through-wall cracked elbows under bending.In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 323. NewYork: ASME, 1996:109–116.
35. FRA Gargiulo C et al. Prediction of failure envelopesof composite tubes subjected to biaxial loadings. ActaAstronaut 1996;39(5):355–368.
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54. FRA Kim Y et al. Delamination buckling of a shortorthotropic tube under axial compression. ComputStruct 1996;58(1):173–182.
55. FRA Kim YJ et al. Prediction of fracture resistancecurves from tensile data for carbon steel piping mate-rials. Int J Press Vess Piping 1996;68(2):209–217.
56. FRA Kobayashi H et al. Impact lateral compressiontest for circular ceramic tube. J Soc Mater Sci Jpn1996;45(8):901–906.
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97. FRA Nitzel ME et al. Comparison of ASME Code NB-3200 and NB-3600 results for fatigue analysis of
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99. FRA Parker AP et al. Stress concentration, stressintensity and fatigue lifetime calculations in autofret-taged tubes containing axial perforations within thewall. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 335.New York: ASME, 1996:235–247.
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A.5. Contact problems (CON)
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2. CON Allam M et al. Estimation of residual stresses inhydraulically expanded tube-to-tubesheet joints. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 327. New York:ASME, 1996:189–199.
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5. CON Allam M et al. Estimation of residual stresses in
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8. CON Baniotopoulos CC. Saddle-supported pipelines:influence of unilateral support and thickness on thestress state. Int J Press Vess Piping 1996;67(1):55–64.
9. CON Cavak M et al. Initial bending fatigue of PVC pipejoints. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 365. New York: ASME, 1998:409–436.
10. CON Cernocky EP et al. A standardized approachto finite element analysis of casing-tubing connec-tions to establish relative sealing performance. In:Fourth World Cong Comp Mech, Buenos Aires,1998:1167.
11. CON Cheng B, Chung JS. Application of thrusts toelastic joints on long vertical pipe in 3-D nonlinearmotions. Part II: numerical examples by MSE andFEM results. In: Eighth Int Offshore Polar EngngConf, Montreal, vol. 2. 1998:189–198.
12. CON Choo YS et al. Stresses and strength of padeyeto circular pipe connection. In: Sixth Int OffshorePolar Engng Conf, Los Angeles, CA, vol. 1.1996:570–576.
13. CON Chung JS, Cheng BR. Effects of elastic joints on3-D nonlinear responses of a deep-ocean pipe: model-ing and boundary conditions. Int J Offshore PolarEngng 1996;6(3):203–211.
14. CON Coppola T et al. Simulation of complex mechan-ical and thermal loading conditions on OCTG premiumconnections by means of finite element modelling. In:Fourth World Cong Comp Mech, Buenos Aires,1998:1168.
15. CON Das PS. Parametric investigation on the structuralanalysis of the interface between metallic penetrationsand the acrylic hull of a spherical vessel. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 331. New York: ASME,1996:169–191.
16. CON Deng J et al. New method to estimate the thermalcontact resistance in finned-tube heat exchangers.ASHRAE Trans 1997;103(2):316–321.
17. CON Estrada H, Parsons ID. GRP pipe joint for filamentwound pipes: strength analysis and design. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 331. New York: ASME,1996:13–19.
18. CON Fahrer A et al. Study of the failure behaviour ofkey-lock joints in glass fibre reinforced plastic pipe-work. Composites, Part A 1996;27(6):429–435.
19. CON Fujii K et al. Finite element analysis of threadedend of pressure cylinder. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng,Ser C 1997;63(610):2105–2110.
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20. CON Fujikake M et al. Analysis of the electrofusionjoining process in polyethylene gas piping systems.Comput Struct 1997;64(5/6):939–948.
21. CON Huang FY, Shi GL. Finite element analysis ofpressure vessel using beam on elastic foundation analy-sis. Finite Elem Anal Des 1998;28(4):293–302.
22. CON Jazayeri B et al. Eliminate expansion joints inpiping systems. Chem Engng Prog 1997;93(2):62–65.
23. CON Jing YY, Barton DC. The response of squarecross-section tubes under lateral impact loading. Int JCrashworth 1998;3(4):359–377.
24. CON Kalliontzis C. Numerical simulation of submarinepipelines in dynamic contact with a moving seabed.Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn 1998;27(5):465–486.
25. CON Kalliontzis C. Non-linear finite element simula-tions of highly curved submarine pipelines. CommunNum Meth Engng 1998;14(11):1067–1088.
26. CON Kauer R, Strohmeier K. Determination of leakagegap and leakage mass flow of flange joints subjected toexternal bending moments. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 332. New York: ASME, 1996:115–119.
27. CON Kobayashi T. Finite element analysis of self-seal-ing pipe flange connections. In: ASME/JSME JointPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 367. New York: ASME,1998:35–40.
28. CON Miroshnik R et al. Life assessment evaluation ofpiping branch connection under creep and fatigue. Int JPress Vess Piping 1997;71(2):147–154.
29. CON Mullin SA et al. Bursting of shielded pressurevessels subject to hypervelocity impact. Int J ImpactEngng 1997;20(6/10):579–590.
30. CON Park TD, Kyriakides S. On the collapse of dentedcylinders under external pressure. Int J Mech Sci1996;38(5):557–578.
31. CON Plancq D et al. Complete analytic elastic study ofa 90 degree branch connection of a cylinder on a spheresubjected to a bending load. Int J Press Vess Piping1997;71(1):61–69.
32. CON Preiss R. Stress concentration factors of flat end tocylindrical shell connection with a fillet or stress reliefgroove subjected to internal pressure. Int J Press VessPiping 1997;73(3):183–190.
34. CON Rogovoy A, Ivanov B. Displacement formulationof the friction conditions on the contact surface.Comput Struct 1997;62(1):133–139.
35. CON Sanzi HC. Computational model for tube–tube-sheet joints of the heat exchanger under hydraulicexpansion. In: Owen DRJ, editor. Fifth Int ConfComput Plast, CIMNE, 1997:1973–1978.
36. CON Sawa T et al. Analysis of mechanical behaviorsand the new gasket factors of pipe flange connectionswith non-asbestos gaskets subjected to internal
37. CON Sergeeva LV. Strength analysis of pipe tees incase of support displacement. In: ASME/JSME JointPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 368. New York: ASME,1998:171–175.
38. CON Shen WQ, Chen KS. An investigation on theimpact performance of pipelines. Int J Crashworth1998;3(2):191–210.
39. CON Stubblefield MA et al. Heat-activated joiningtechnology for composite to alloy piping systems. In:56th Ann Tech Conf. Atlanta, GA: ANTEC,1998:1095–1098.
40. CON Wei Z et al. Stress and strength analysis of fiberreinforced plastic pipe tees with reinforcement. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 326. New York:ASME, 1996:201–209.
41. CON Williams DK, Clark JR. Development of flexibil-ity factors for fabricated tee branch connections. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 331. New York:ASME, 1996:55–63.
42. CON Xi T, Rogers RJ. Dynamic friction modelling inheat exchanger tube simulations. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 328. New York: ASME, 1996:347–358.
43. CON Zahraee MA et al. Finite element analysis of atube clamp. In: ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo,Dallas, TX. New York: ASME, 1997:1–6.
44. CON Zhao H. A numerical method for load distributionin threaded connection. J Mech Design1996;118(2):274–279.
45. CON Zhao H et al. Stress-intensity factor for a semi-elliptical surface crack at the thread root of a screwed-pipe joint. Comput Struct 1996;59(3):419–424.
46. CON Zhou T, Rogers RJ. Simulation of two-dimen-sional squeeze film and solid contact forces acting ona heat exchanger tube. In: ASME Press Vess PipingConf PVP 328. New York: ASME, 1996:257–270.
47. CON Zhou T, Rogers RJ. Simulation of two-dimen-sional squeeze film and solid contact forces acting ona heat exchanger tube. J Sound Vib 1997;203(4):621–639.
A.6. Fluid-structure interaction problems (FLU)
1. FLU Babu SS, Bhattacharyya SK. Finite element analy-sis of fluid-structure interaction effect on liquid retain-ing structures due to sloshing. Comput Struct1996;59(6):1165–1171.
2. FLU Barker DD et al. Analysis of water filled pressurevessels subjected to blast loads. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 351. New York: ASME, 1997:87–98.
3. FLU Beltman WM et al. Structural response of cylind-rical shells to internal shock loading. In: ASME/JSMEJoint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 377. New York:ASME, 1998:107–117.
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4. FLU Brochard D et al. 3D analysis of the fluid structureinteraction in tube bundles using homogenization meth-ods. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 337. NewYork: ASME, 1996:167–172.
5. FLU Brochard D et al. Fluid-structure interaction intube bundles: analysis of tubes movements in oppositedirections. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess PipingConf PVP 366. New York: ASME, 1998:179–186.
6. FLU Chen BF. Hybrid 3D finite-difference and finiteelement analysis of seismic wave induced fluid-struc-ture interaction of a vertical cylinder. Ocean Engng1998;25(8):639–656.
7. FLU Choun YS, Yun CB. Sloshing characteristics inrectangular tanks with a submerged block. ComputStruct 1996;61(3);401–413.
8. FLU Dewi FDE et al. Analysis of wave interaction witha submerged flexible, hemicylindrical structure. In:17th Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng. Lisbon:OMAE, 1998:1–17.
9. FLU Finnveden S. Spectral finite element analysis ofthe vibration of straight fluid filled pipes with flanges. JSound Vib 1997;199(1):125–154.
10. FLU Finnveden S. Formulas for modal density and forinput power from mechanical and fluid point sources influid filled pipes. J Sound Vib 1997;208(5):705–728.
11. FLU Heil M. Stokes flow in an elastic tube—a largedisplacement fluid-structure interaction problem. Int JNum Meth Fluids 1998;28(2):243–265.
12. FLU Heil M, Pedley TJ. Large post-buckling deforma-tions of cylindrical shells conveying viscous flow. JFluids Struct 1996;10(6):565–599.
14. FLU Horacek J et al. Natural vibration of a cylindricalshell containing water in a coaxial annular gap. Stroj-nicky Casopis 1997;48(5):351–362.
15. FLU Jeong KH. Natural frequencies and mode shapesof two coaxial cylindrical shells coupled with boundedfluid. J Sound Vib 1998;215(1):105–124
16. FLU Jeong KH, Kim KJ. Free vibration of a circularcylindrical shell filled with bounded compressible fluid.J Sound Vib 1998;217(2):197–221.
17. FLU Jeong KH, Lee SC. Hydroelastic vibration of aliquid-filled circular cylindrical shell. Comput Struct1998;66(2/3):173–185.
18. FLU Kang HG, Chen B. Experimental and numericalstudy of the lift forces on a circular cylinder in sinusoi-dal flows. In: 17th Int Conf Offshore Mech, ArcticEngng. Lisbon: OMAE, 1998:1–7.
19. FLU Koo GH, Park YS. Vibration analysis of a 3Dpiping system conveying fluid by wave approach. IntJ Press Vess Piping 1996;67(3):249–256.
20. FLU Lakis AA, Neagu S. Free surface effects on thedynamics of cylindrical shells partially filled withliquid. J Sound Vib 1997;207(2):175–205.
21. FLU Lakis AA, Neagu S. Free surface effects on thedynamics of cylindrical shells partially filled withliquid. In: ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo AD 53-2. New York: ASME, 1997:101–110.
22. FLU Lewin L et al. Simulation of dynamic fuel sloshusing an explicit finite element approach. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 355. New York: ASME,1997:103–111.
23. FLU Ma DC. Sloshing and fluid-structure interaction.In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 337. New York:ASME, 1996:119.
24. FLU Magda W. Wave-induced uplift force on asubmarine pipeline buried in a compressible seabed.Ocean Engng 1997;24(6):551–576.
25. FLU Mazuch T et al. Natural modes and frequencies ofa thin clamped-free steel cylindrical storage tankpartially filled with water: FEM and measurement. JSound Vib 1996;193(3):669–690.
26. FLU McCoy RW, Sun CT. Fluid-structure interactionanalysis of a thick-section composite cylinder subjectedto underwater blast loading. Compos Struct1997;37(1):45–55.
27. FLU Okamoto T, Kawahara M. 3-D sloshing analysisby an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite elementmethod. Int J Comp Fluid Dyn 1997;8(2):129–146.
28. FLU Olson LG, Jamison D. Application of a generalpurpose finite element method to elastic pipes convey-ing fluid. J Fluids Struct 1997;11(2):207–222.
29. FLU Ross CTF et al. Vibration of ring-stiffened circularcylinders under external water pressure. Comput Struct1996;60(6):1013–1019.
30. FLU Sadaoka N et al. Development of analysis systemfor flow-induced vibrations in piping systems. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 363.New York: ASME, 1998:135–142.
31. FLU Selmane A, Lakis AA. Non-linear dynamic analy-sis of orthotropic open cylindrical shells subjected to aflowing fluid. J Sound Vib 1997;202(1):67–93.
32. FLU Selmane A, Lakis AA. Vibration analysis of aniso-tropic open cylindrical shells subjected to a flowingfluid. J Fluids Struct 1997;11(1):111–134.
33. FLU Shields EB. Analytical modeling of hydroelasti-cally coupled concentric cylinder and comparison withexperimental results. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press VessPiping Conf PVP 363. New York: ASME, 1998:79–85.
35. FLU Smith PW et al. Structural wave reflection coeffi-cients of cylindrical shell terminations: numericalextraction and reciprocity constraints. J Acoust SocAm 1997;101(2):900–908.
36. FLU Tassoulas JL et al. Finite element analysis of tubestability in deep water. Comput Struct 1997;64(1/4):791–807.
37. FLU Tran D, He J. Modal analysis of circular
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cylindrical tanks containing liquids. In: 16th Int ModalAnal Conf, Santa Barbara, CA, 1998:1636–1642.
38. FLU Vendhan CP et al. Stability characteristics of slen-der flexible cylinders in axial flow by the finite elementmethod. J Sound Vib 1997;208(4):587–601.
39. FLU Wang ZM, Tan SK. Coupled analysis of fluidtransients and structural dynamic responses of a pipe-line system. J Hydraul Res 1997;35(1):119–131.
40. FLU Yoshida S et al. Free vibration finite elementanalysis of fluid-filled double-decker cylindrical tanks.In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP370. New York: ASME, 1998:157–161.
41. FLU Zhao Y et al. Finite element analysis of transverselift on circular cylinder in 2D channel flow. J EngngMech 1998;124(10):1151–1164.
A.7. Manufacturing of pipes and tubes (MAN)
1. MAN Akkus N et al. Finite element modelling forsuperplastic bulging of titanium alloy tube and pressurepath optimization. Mater Sci Forum 1997;243–245:729–734.
2. MAN Akkus N et al. Finite element model for thesuperplastic bulging deformation of Ti-alloy pipe. JMater Process Technol 1997;68(3):215–220.
3. MAN Alcaraz JL, Gil-Sevillano J. An analysis of theextrusion of bimetallic tubes by numerical simulation.Int J Mech Sci 1996;38(2):157–173.
4. MAN Bist PS, Shivpuri R. Investigating scratchproblems in tube drawing. Tube Pipe Quart1996;7(2):52–56.
5. MAN Colla D et al. An investigation into the preform-ing of tubes. Int J Mech Sci 1997;39(5):507–521.
6. MAN Colla D et al. Injection forging of industrialcomponents from thick-walled tubes. J Manuf SciEngng 1997;119(4A):537–541.
7. MAN Demodaran D et al. Investigation of zipperdefects in the floating mandrel drawing of smalldiameter copper tubes. In: 24th NAMRC Conf, AnnArbor, MI, 1996:1–6.
8. MAN Du F et al. Numerical prediction on drawing tubewithout plug. Engng Mech 1998;15(3):77–81.
9. MAN Fisher WP, Day AJ. Study on the factors control-ling the tube-sinking process for polymer materials. JMater Process Technol 1997;68(2):156–162.
10. MAN Jia Z et al. Simulation of hydraulic expansion ofthin-walled tubes using the elastic-plastic finite elementmethod. In: Third Bienn Joint Conf Engng Syst DesAnal PD 75. New York: ASME, 1996:169–174.
11. MAN Kuch H, Schwabe JH. Mathematical vibrationmodelling and computations for compacting in pipe-making equipment. Concrete Precast Plant Tech1996;62(9):84–87.
12. MAN Lazzarotto L et al. Benchmarks for finite elementmodeling of cold forging processes with elastoplastic
microvoided materials. Comp Mater Sci 1996;5(1/3):167–176.
13. MAN Lee SH, Lee DN. Estimation of the magneticpressure in tube expansion by electromagnetic forming.J Mater Process Technol 1996;57(3/4):311–315.
14. MAN Li K et al. Research on the distribution of thedisplacement in backward tube spinning. J MaterProcess Technol 1998;79(1/3):185–188.
15. MAN Luksza J et al. Modelling of the effects of strain-induced martensitic transformation on the mechanicalbehaviour in drawn tubes. Steel Res 1997;68(12):541–545.
16. MAN Mahanian S, Blackwell DB. Finite elementanalysis of electromagnetic forming of tubes withfittings. In: ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo MED4. New York: ASME, 1996:323–329.
17. MAN Malinowski Z et al. Thermal-mechanical modelof the tube elongation process in Diescher’s mill. JMater Process Technol 1996;60(1/4):513–516.
18. MAN Martins PAF et al. Radial extrusion of tubes.Process development and optimisation by finite elementsimulation. In: Owen DRJ, editor. Fifth Int ConfComput Plast, CIMNE, 1997:1349–1354.
19. MAN Massoni E, Aliaga C. 2D numerical simulation oftube hydroforming process. In: Fourth World CongComp Mech, Buenos Aires, 1998:1116.
20. MAN Park HJ et al. Study of the hydrostatic extrusionof copper-clad aluminum tube. J Mater Process Technol1997;67(1/3):24–28.
21. MAN Petersen SB et al. Avoidance of defects inradially extruded tubular parts by preforming. J MaterProcess Technol 1997;69(1/3):155–161.
22. MAN Petersen SB et al. Injection forging of tubularmaterials: a workability analysis. J Mater Process Tech-nol 1997;65(1/3):88–93.
23. MAN Pittman JFT, Farah IA. Comprehensive simula-tion of cooling process in plastic pipe manufacture.Plast Rubber Process Appl 1996;25(6):305–312.
24. MAN Reddy NV et al. Analysis of axisymmetric tubeextrusion. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 1996;36(11):1253–1267.
25. MAN Reid SR, Harrigan JJ. Transient effects in thequasi-static and dynamic internal inversion and nosingof metal tubes. Int J Mech Sci 1998;40(2/3):263–280.
26. MAN Rodrigues JMC et al. Towards nett-shape manu-facturing of tubular components. Int J Mach ToolsManuf 1996;36(3):399–409.
27. MAN Rodriguez J et al. Change of pattern of solidifica-tion in bottom poured ingots, represented by a mathe-matical model and its effect on the appearance ofdefects in pipes. In: TMS Ann Meet Sensors ModelMater Proc, Orlando, FL, 1997:143–150.
28. MAN Rojc T, Stok B. Process parameter study of theblowing operation in the manufacture of heat exchangerpipeline systems. Simul Pract Theory 1997;5(7/8):733–750.
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29. MAN Sadok L et al. State of strain in the tube sinkingprocess. J Mater Process Technol 1996;60(1/4):161–166.
30. MAN Schuerer C, Semmler U. Diamond-like carbon:application in wire and tube drawing. Numerical simu-lation by FEM. In: 11th Int Colloq Plasma Process, LeMans, 1997:300–303.
31. MAN Um KK, Lee DN. Upper bound solution of tubedrawing. J Mater Process Technol 1997;63(1/3):43–48.
32. MAN Xue K et al. Disposal of key problems in the FEManalysis of tube stagger spinning. J Mater Process Tech-nol 1997;69(1/3):176–179.
33. MAN Xue K et al. Elasto-plastic FEM analysis andexperimental study of diametral growth in tube spin-ning. J Mater Process Technol 1997;69(1/3):172–175.
34. MAN Yu E, Lai M. Finite element method analysis ofthe forming process for double wall brazed tube. TubeInt 1996;15(70):40–42.
35. MAN Zhang SH et al. Finite element analysis of theintegral hydro-bulge forming of double-layer gap sphe-rical vessels. Int J Press Vess Piping 1996;68(2):161–169.
36. MAN Zhao Y et al. Integral flange for filament woundcomposite pipe-fabrication and analysis. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 375. NewYork: ASME, 1998:75–79.
A.8. Welded pipes and pressure vessel components (WEL)
1. WEL Basavaraju C. Analysis of shrinkage in stainlesssteel pipe to pipe butt welds. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 347. New York: ASME, 1997:231–243.
2. WEL Brickstad B, Josefson BL. Parametric study ofresidual stresses in multi-pass butt-welded stainlesssteel pipes. Int J Press Vess Piping 1998;75(1):11–25.
3. WEL Brust FW et al. Influence of residual stresses andweld repairs on pipe fracture. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 347. New York: ASME, 1997:173–191.
4. WEL Cronin DS, Pick RJ. Assessment of pipelinecorrosion adjacent to girth welds. In: Eighth Int ConfPress Vess Tech, Montreal. New York: ASME,1996:257–265.
5. WEL Dickson TL et al. Inclusion of weld residual stressin fracture margin assessments of embrittled nuclearreactor pressure vessels. In: ASME/JSME Joint PressVess Piping Conf PVP 373. New York: ASME,1998:387–395.
6. WEL Dong P et al. Effects of weld residual stresses oncrack opening area analysis of pipes for LBB applica-tions. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 327. NewYork: ASME, 1996:89–102.
7. WEL Dong Y et al. Finite element modeling of residualstresses in austenitic stainless steel pipe girth welds.Weld J 1997;76(10):442–449.
8. WEL Dupas P et al. Evaluation of residual stressmeasurement techniques and finite element simulationson friction welded pipes. In: ASME/JSME Joint PressVess Piping Conf PVP 373. New York: ASME,1998:439–446.
10. WEL Enokizono M et al. Eddy current and temperaturedistributions in a resistance weld pipe. In: IEEE CEFC’96, Okayama, 1996:343.
11. WEL Findlan SJ, Newton B. Testing and analysis forweld overlay repair of thinned class2 & 3 ferriticpiping. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 338.New York: ASME, 1996:167–173.
12. WEL Findlan SJ et al. Testing and analysis for weldoverlay repair of thinned class 2&3 ferritic pipe andfittings. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 353.New York: ASME, 1997:281–285.
13. WEL Hirata H et al. Welding of weldable super 13Crstainless steel pipe. In: 16th Int Conf Offshore MechArctic Engng, Yokohama. New York: ASME,1997:101–106.
14. WEL Hornet P. Comparison of experimental results, FEcalculations and analytical approach on the fracturebehavior of circumferential through wall crackedpipes. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 373. New York: ASME, 1998:163–168.
15. WEL Hornet P, Eripret C. Fracture behavior of circum-ferential through wall cracked welded pipes in fourpoint bending. In: ASME Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 346. New York: ASME, 1997:317–324.
16. WEL Hou YC et al. Effects of residual stresses on frac-ture of welded pipes. In: ASME Press Vess Piping ConfPVP 327. New York: ASME, 1996:67–75.
17. WEL Hou YC et al. Fracture analysis of welded pipeswith consideration of residual stresses. In: ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 373. NewYork: ASME, 1998:433–437.
18. WEL Janosch JJ, Clerge M. Numerical welding simula-tion of two pipes/determination of the evolution of resi-dual stresses during proof test pressure. In: ASME PressVess Piping Conf PVP 347. New York: ASME,1997:103–113.
19. WEL Keeney JA et al. Fracture assessment of weldmaterial from a full-thickness clad RPV shell segment.ASTM Spec Tech Publ 1997;1321:485–498.
20. WEL Li M et al. A 3D finite element analysis oftemperature and stress fields in girth welded 304L stain-less steel pipe. In: Fourth Int Conf Trends Weld Res.Gatlinburg, MD: ASM, 1996:51–56.
21. WEL Michaleris P. Residual stress distribution formulti-pass welds in pressure vessel and piping compo-nents. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 327. NewYork: ASME, 1996:17–27.
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22. WEL Mochizuki M et al. Study on residual stress atbutt-welded pipe joints and plate joints using inherentstrain analysis. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A1996;62(595):808–813.
23. WEL Mochizuki M et al. Residual stress estimation atwelded joint of a pipe penetrating a thick plate. TransJpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A 1996;62(597):1250–1255.
24. WEL Mochizuki M et al. Effect of welding sequence onresidual stress in multi-pass butt-welded pipe joints.Trans Jpn Soc Mech Engng, Ser A1996;62(604):2719–2725.
25. WEL Mochizuki M et al. Residual stress estimation atwelded juncture of small diameter pipe penetratingpressure vessel using inherent strain. In: Eighth IntConf Press Vess Tech, Montreal. New York: ASME,1996:237–243.
26. WEL Mochizuki M et al. A simplified analysis of resi-dual stress at welded joints between plate and penetrat-ing pipe. JSME Int J, Ser A 1997;40(1):8–14.
27. WEL Na SJ, Lee HJ. Study on parameter optimizationin the circumferential GTA welding of aluminum pipesusing a semi-analytical FEM. J Mater Process Technol1996;57(1/2):95–102.
28. WEL Pick RJ et al. Influence of weld geometry on thefatigue of a 864 mm diameter line pipe. In: Eighth IntConf Press Vess Tech, Montreal. New York: ASME,1996:245–255.
29. WEL Ravichandran G et al. Analysis of temperaturedistribution during circumferential welding of cylindri-cal and spherical components using the finite elementmethod. Comput Struct 1996;59(2):225–255.
30. WEL Ravichandran G et al. Prediction of axis shiftdistortion during circumferential welding of thin pipesusing the finite element method. Weld J 1997;76(1):39–55.
31. WEL Rosala GF et al. Finite element model of theelectrofusion welding of thermoplastic pipes. ProcInst Mech Engng, Part E 1997;211(2):137–146.
32. WEL Sablik MJ et al. Finite element modeling of creepdamage effects on a magnetic detector signal for a seamweld/HAZ-region in a steel pipe. IEEE TransMagnetics 1998;34(4):2156–2158.
33. WEL Taljat B et al. Residual stresses in weld overlaytubes: a finite element study. In: ASME Press VessPiping Conf PVP 347. New York: ASME, 1997:83–89.
34. WEL Taljat B et al. Numerical analysis of residualstress distribution in tubes with spiral weld cladding.Weld J 1998;77(8):328–335.
35. WEL Tani S et al. Fatigue strength evaluation of weldedjoint in pressure vessel by probabilistic fracturemechanics. J Soc Mater Sci Jpn 1997;46(7):795–800.
36. WEL Teng TL, Chang PH. Study of residual stresses inmulti-pass girth-butt welded pipes. Int J Press VessPiping 1997;74(1):59–70.
37. WEL Teng TL, Chang PH. Three-dimensional thermo-mechanical analysis of circumferentially welded
thin-walled pipes. Int J Press Vess Piping1998;75(3):237–247.
38. WEL Troive L et al. Experimental and numerical studyof multi-pass welding process of pipe-flange joints. JPress Vess Tech 1998;120(3):244–251.
39. WEL Tsuboi H et al. Eddy current analysis for the pipewelding. IEEE Trans Magnetics 1998;34(4):1234–1236.
40. WEL Wernicke R, Pohl R. Underwater wet repair—welding and strength testing on pipe-patch joints. In:17th Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng. Lisbon:OMAE, 1998:1–8.
41. WEL Yamashita T et al. Effects of residual stress onfatigue strength of small diameter welded pipe joint. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 327. New York:ASME, 1996:155–163.
42. WEL Yamashita T et al. Effects of residual stress onfatigue strength of small-diameter welded pipe joint. JPress Vess Tech 1997;119(4):428–434.
43. WEL Yang YS, Lee SH. Study on the mechanical stressrelieving in a butt-welded-pipe. Int J Press Vess Piping1997;73(3):175–182.
A.9. Development of special finite elements for pressurevessels and pipes (ELE)
1. ELE Arabyan A, Jiang Y. Consistent dynamic finiteelement formulation for a pipe using Euler parameters.Shock Vib 1998;5(2):111–117.
2. ELE Franco JRQ, Barros FB. A new general axisym-metrical thin shell element for the FE computation oflimit loads of pressure vessels. In: Fourth World CongComp Mech, Buenos Aires, 1998:327.
3. ELE Jiang Y, Arabyan A. A new pipe element formodeling three-dimensional large deformationproblems. Finite Elem Anal Des 1996;22(1):59–68.
4. ELE Karamanos SA, Tassoulas JL. Tubular members.Part I: stability analysis and preliminary results. JEngng Mech 1996;122(1):64–71.
5. ELE Koves WJ, Nair S. A finite element for the analysisof shell intersections. J Press Vess Tech1996;118(4):399–406.
6. ELE Lee H, Parks DM. Line-spring finite element forfully plastic crack growth. II: surface cracked plates andpipes. Int J Solids Struct 1998;35(36):5139–5158.
7. ELE Melo FJMQ, De Castro PMST. Linear elasticstress analysis of curved pipes under generalized loadsusing a reduced integration finite ring element. J StrainAnal Engng Des 1997;32(1):47–59.
8. ELE Millard A. Refined inelastic analysis of pipings bymeans of a double scale finite element. In: Owen DRJ,editor. Fifth Int Conf Comput Plast, CIMNE,1997:1930–1934.
9. ELE Tian Z et al. Studies of stress concentration byusing special hybrid stress elements. Int J Num MethEngng 1997;40(8):1399–1411.
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10. ELE Yamazaki K, Tsubosaka N. Stress analysis of junc-tion of plate and shell built-up structures with specialfinite shell element. JSME Int J, Ser A 1996;39(2):179–185.
A.10. Finite element software (SOF)
1. SOF Andersson L, Andersson P. Some experiences in theuse of ADINA in the Swedish nuclear industry. ComputStruct 1997;64(5/6):893–907.
2. SOF Bhavnani D, Rao KR. Code developments in designand analysis. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP353. New York: ASME, 1997:287.
3. SOF Dubois DJM. Data bases, finite elements and trans-fer functions: the nuclear package for stress reports. In:Eighth Int Conf Press Vess Tech, Montreal. New York:ASME, 1996:69–77.
4. SOF Hechmer JL, Hollinger GL. Assessment of theASME code stress limits for 3D, solid element, finiteelement analyses: summary of the PVRC project. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 360.New York: ASME, 1998:79–89.
5. SOF Porter MA, Martens DH. Comparison of the stressresults from several commercial finite element codeswith ASME Section VIII, Division 2 requirements. In:ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 336. New York:ASME, 1996:341–346.
6. SOF Porter MA et al. Comparison of finite element codesand recommended investigation methodology. In: ASMEPress Vess Piping Conf PVP 359. New York: ASME,1997:241–246.
7. SOF Sato T et al. Development of user-friendly structuraldesign system for pressure vessels. JSME Int J, Ser A1996;39(3):354–361.
8. SOF Zhao Y, Olson RJ. Modeling nonlinear cracked pipeusing ANSYS and ABAQUS finite element codes. In:ASME/JSME Joint Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 370.New York: ASME, 1998;95–100.
A.11. Other topics (OTH)
1. OTH Al-Hashmi MA, Seibi AC. Effects of pipe/forma-tion interaction on the running force in high-curvaturewell bores. In: ASME /JSME Joint Press Vess PipingConf PVP 375. New York: ASME, 1998:89–94.
2. OTH Altaee A et al. Finite element modeling of lateralpipeline-soil interaction. In: 15th Int Conf OffshoreMech Arctic Engng, Florence. New York: ASME,1996:333–341.
3. OTH Atherton DL, Dufour D. Magnetic flux leakagedetector for four inch diameter pipes. CSNDT J1996;17(2):5–7.
4. OTH Bai Y, Hauch S. Analytical collapse capacity ofcorroded pipes. In: Eighth Int Offshore Polar EngngConf, Montreal, vol. 2. 1998:182–188.
5. OTH Breger DS et al. Thermal energy storage in the
ground: comparative analysis of heat transfer modelingusing U-tubes and boreholes. Solar Energy1996;56(6):493–503.
6. OTH Bruschi R et al. Pipelines subject to slow landslidemovements structural modeling vs field measurement.In: 15th Int Conf Offshore Mech Arctic Engng, Flor-ence. New York: ASME, 1996:343–353.
7. OTH Budkowska BB, Kreja I. Numerical simulation ofirregular temperature field around shallow pipe in soilmedium. In: Sixth Int Offshore Polar Engng Conf, LosAngeles, CA, vol. 2. 1996;119–125.
8. OTH Carlson EJ et al. Finite element modeling ofground level potential measurements of galvanic cellson concrete pipe. SAE Spec Publ 1996;1276:74–88.
9. OTH Chouchaoui BA, Pick RJ. Behavior of longitudin-ally aligned corrosion pits. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;67(1):17–35.
10. OTH Cronin DS, Pick RJ. Assessment of pipelinecorrosion adjacent to girth welds. In: Eighth Int ConfPress Vess Tech, Montreal. New York: ASME,1996:257–265.
11. OTH Cronin DS et al. Assessment of long corrosiongrooves in line pipe. In: First Int Pipeline Conf, IPCCalgary, 1996:401–408.
12. OTH Enokizono M et al. Eddy current and temperaturedistributions in a resistance weld pipe. IEEE CEFC ’96,Okayama, 1996;343.
13. OTH Fernando NSM, Carter JP. Elastic analysis ofburied pipes under surface patch loadings. J GeotechGeoenvir Engng 1998;124(8):720–728.
14. OTH Foedinger R et al. Structural health monitoring offilament wound composite pressure vessels withembedded optical fiber sensors. In: 43rd Int SAMPESymp Exhib, Anaheim, CA, 1998;43(1):444–457.
15. OTH Goto Y, Hashimoto, M. Numerical analysis simu-lation of magnetic noise reduction for ECT of magnetictube by unsaturated magnetization. Trans Inst ElectrEngng Jpn, Part A 1997;117(7):761–766.
16. OTH Gryzagoridis J et al.ESPI—a viable NDE tool forplant extension. Int J Press Vess Piping 1997;73(1):25–32.
17. OTH Kim HS et al. Analysis of stresses on buriednatural gas pipeline subjected to ground subsidence.In: Int Pipeline Conf, Calgary, vol. 2. New York:ASME, 1998:749–756.
18. OTH Krause TW et al. Effects of stress concentrationon magnetic flux leakage signals from blind holedefects in stressed pipeline steel. Res NondestructEval 1996;8(2):83–100.
19. OTH Mackintosh DD et al. Remote field eddy currentfor examination of ferromagnetic tubes. Mater Evaluat1996;54(6):652–657.
20. OTH Magda W. Numeric modelling of strength degra-dation in a steel submarine pipeline subjected to thepitting corrosion. In: Sixth Int Offshore Polar EngngConf, Los Angeles, CA, vol. 2. 1996:469–476.
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21. OTH Magda W. Wave-induced uplift force acting on asubmarine buried pipeline: finite element formulationand verification. Comp Geotechnics 1996;19(1):47–73.
22. OTH Magda W. Wave-induced uplift force on asubmarine pipeline buried in a compressible seabed.Ocean Engng 1997;24(6):551–576.
26. OTH Paulin MJ et al. Establishment of a full-scale pipe-line/soil interaction test facility and results from lateraland axial investigations in sand. In: 16th Int ConfOffshore Mech Arctic Engng, Yokohama. New York:ASME, 1997:139–146.
28. OTH Ro J et al. Vibration control of tubes with intern-ally moving loads using active constrained layer damp-ing. In: ASME Int Mech Engng Cong Expo DE 95. NewYork: ASME, 1997:1–11.
29. OTH Roberts KA, Pick RJ. Correction for longitudinalstress in the assessment of corroded line pipe. In: IntPipeline Conf, Calgary, vol. I. New York: ASME,1998:553–561.
30. OTH Roy S et al. Numerical simulations of full-scalecorroded pipe tests with combined loading. J Press VessTech 1997;119(4):457–466.
31. OTH Sablik MJ et al. Finite element modeling of creepdamage effects on a magnetic detector signal for a seamweld/HAZ-region in a steel pipe. IEEE TransMagnetics 1998;34(4):2156–2158.
32. OTH Sharman DJ et al. Benchmarking of a destructivetechnique to determine residual stresses in thick-walledaxisymmetric components. J Strain Anal Engng Des1997;32(2):87–96.
33. OTH Smith MQ, Grigory SC. New procedures for theresidual strength assessment of corroded pipe subjected
to combined loads. In: First Int Pipeline Conf, IPCCalgary, 1996:387–400.
34. OTH Smith MQ et al. Full-scale wrinkling tests andanalyses of large diameter corroded pipes. In: Int Pipe-line Conf, Calgary, vol. 1. New York: ASME,1998:543–551.
35. OTH Stephens DR, Leis BN. Material and geometryfactors controlling the failure of corrosion defects inpiping. In: ASME Press Vess Piping Conf PVP 350.New York: ASME, 1997:3–11.
36. OTH Takagi T et al. Finite element modeling of eddycurrent testing of steam generator tube with crack anddeposit. Rev Progr Quantit Nondestr Eval. New York:Plenum Press, 1997:263–270.
37. OTH Tsuboi H et al. Eddy current analysis for the pipewelding. IEEE Trans Magnetics1998;34(4):1998:1234–1236.
38. OTH Valenta F et al. Theoretical and experimentalevaluation of the limit state of transit gas pipelineshaving corrosion defects. Int J Press Vess Piping1996;66(1/3):187–198.
39. OTH Walker M et al. Optimal design of laminatedcylindrical pressure vessels for maximum external pres-sure. J Press Vess Tech 1997;119(4):494–497.
40. OTH Wang W et al. New rupture prediction model forcorroded pipelines under combined loadings. In: IntPipeline Conf, Calgary, vol. 1. New York: ASME,1998:563–572.
41. OTH Yoshizaki K et al. Study on the deformation beha-vior of buried pipeline for an earthquake-resistantdesign. In: 16th Int Conf Offshore Mech ArcticEngng, Yokohama. New York: ASME, 1997:147–153.
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[3] Mackerle J. Finite element methods, a guide to information sources.Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.
[4] Mackerle J. Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels andpiping – a bibliography (1976–1996). Int J Press Vess Piping1996;69:279–339.
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