Fire and Emergency Services Company Officer: Lesson 19 Fire and Emergency Services Company Officer,...

Fire and Emergency Services Company Officer: Lesson 19

Fire and Emergency Services Company Officer, 4th Edition

Chapter 19 — Incident Scene Management

Fire and Emergency ServicesCompany Officer

19–2

Learning Objectives

1. Recall the common characteristics of the National Incident Management System – Incident Command System (NIMS-ICS).

2. Match to their definitions common terminology of the NIMS-ICS.

3. Select facts about the common characteristics of the NIMS-ICS.

(Continued)


19–3

Learning Objectives

4. Identify facts about incident priorities.

5. Select facts about incident size-up.

6. Identify the five steps in the size-up process as developed by Lloyd Layman.

7. Choose correct facts about the various scene control methods.

(Continued)


19–4

Learning Objectives

8. Select true statements concerning traffic control at an emergency scene.

9. Choose correct facts about crowd control and on-scene occupant services.

10. Apply the NIMS-ICS model to an emergency incident plan.

11. Implement an incident action plan (IAP) at an emergency scene.


19–5

National Incident Management System — Incident Command System

• Establishes organizational structure for all types of incidents

• Required at all sizes of incidents, small or large

• Must be familiar to every member of organization

• May require extensive cross-training among participating agencies


19–6


• Common characteristics– Common terminology for functional structure– Modular organization– Common communications– Unified command structure– Incident action plan (IAP)

(Continued)


19–7


• Common characteristics– Manageable span of control– Predesignated incident facilities– Comprehensive resource management– Personnel accountability


19–8

Common Terminology for Functional Structure

• Command Organizational level in overall command (incident commander [IC]) of the incident

• Command Staff Incident management personnel who are in overall command of the incident

(Continued)


19–9


• General Staff Incident management personnel who represent the major functional Sections

• Section: Level responsible for a major functional area of incident management

(Continued)


19–10


• Branch Level having functional/geographic responsibility for major segments of incident operations

• Division Level responsible for operations within a defined geographic area

(Continued)


19–11


• Group Level equal to Division, responsible for specified functional assignment

• Unit Level within Sections that fulfill specific support functions


19–12

Common Terminology for Resources

• Resources are all personnel and major items of equipment available for assignment

• Resource types Classification based on capability

(Continued)


19–13

Common Terminology for Resources

• Crew Specified number of personnel assembled for assignment

• Single resources Individual apparatus and personnel required to make them functional

(Continued)


19–14

Common Terminologyfor Resources

• Task Force Any combination of resources assembled for a specific mission or operational assignment

• Strike Team Set number of resources of the same kind and type that have an established minimum number of personnel


19–15

Common Terminology for Leadership Titles

• Incident commander (IC) Is responsible for all incident operations

• Supervisor Is responsible for command of Division or Group within Operations Section


19–16

General Staff Composition and Duties

• Command – Incident Commander – Command Staff– Public Information Officer– Safety Officer– Liaison Officer– Other positions as required

(Continued)


19–17


• Planning Section Responsible for operational information and the incident action plan (IAP)

• Operations Section Responsible for all tactical incident operations

(Continued)


19–18


• Logistics Section Provides facilities, services, and material support

• Finance/Administration Section Responsible for financial, reimbursement, and administrative services

• Information and Intelligence Function


19–19

Modular Organization

• Organization develops from top down

• First officer on scene may initially perform all NIMS-ICS functions

• First-arriving company officer is IC in most cases

• IC delegates responsibilities as needed

• IC remains in charge until properly relieved or incident is terminated


19–20

Common Communications

• Maintain control, coordination, and safety

• Should follow NIMS requirements

• Check-in procedure should give all unit leaders copy of incident communications plan

• Mutual aid units not equipped with compatible radios must be issued portable radios that function on all incident channels


19–21

Unified Command Structure

• Is needed when the incident involves or threatens to involve multiple agencies

• Representatives of all affected agencies or jurisdictions share Command responsibilities and decisions


19–22

Incident Action Plan (IAP)

• Is a written or unwritten plan for safe and efficient disposition of incident

• Establishes the overall strategic decisions and assigned tactical objectives for an incident

(Continued)


19–23


• Must always be communicated to those who implement it

• Is created by first-arriving company officer

• Is not required on small incidents

(Continued)


19–24


• Written IAPs are required for– Multiagency incidents– Multijurisdictional incidents– Incidents requiring resources from multiple

agencies or jurisdictions– Incidents of long duration

• Calls for operational periods consisting of specific time intervals


19–25

Incident Action Plan Elements

• Incident objectives (ICS Form 202)

• Organization assignment list (ICS Form 203)

• Assignments list (ICS Form 204)

• Incident radio communications plan (ICS Form 205)

• Medical plan (ICS Form 206)

• Operational planning worksheet (ICS Form 215)


19–26

Manageable Span of Control

• Span of control — Number of direct subordinates that one supervisor can effectively manage

• Factors

• Ranges from three to seven; five is considered optimum


19–27

NIMS-ICS PredesignatedIncident Facilities

• Incident command post (ICP)

• Incident base

• Camps

(Continued)


19–28

NIMS-ICS Predesignated Incident Facilities

• Mobilization/staging areas

• Helibases

• Helispots


19–29

Comprehensive Resource Management

• Provides IC and General Staff access to and control over all available resources

• Involves ability to:– Establish systems for describing, inventorying,

requesting, and tracking resources– Activate systems before and during incidents– Dispatch resources before and during incidents– Deactivate or recall resources during or after

incidents(Continued)


19–30

Comprehensive Resource Management

• Standard resource status terms– In transit — En route to incident but have

not checked in at ICP or staging area– Assigned — Performing an active

assignment– Available — Ready for assignment – Out-of-service — Not ready for assignment


19–31

Personnel Accountability

• Company officer’s responsibilities– Knowing subordinates’ locations at all times – Knowing subordinates’ assignments– First-arriving company officer: Establishing

personnel accountability system for unit members and expanding NIMS-ICS


19–32

Personnel Accountability Elements

• Check-in — All responders, regardless of affiliation, check in to receive assignments

• Incident action plan (IAP) — Identifies incident priorities and objectives

• Unity of command — Each responder has only one supervisor

(Continued)


19–33


• Span of control — Gives supervisors manageable number of subordinates

• Division/group/crew assignment list — Lists resources with active assignments in Operations

• Resource status — Each company officer reports resource status changes as they occur.

(Continued)


19–34

• Resource status unit — Status of all incident resources

• Communications plan — Assigned radio tactical channels; section, branch, and division designations; and communication protocols



19–35

Incident Priorities

• Priorities of incident scene management are always conducted in the following order:

1. Life safety

2. Incident stabilization

3. Property conservation


19–36

Life Safety Tasks

• Protecting responders from hazard or hazards

• Protecting victims

• Separating and protecting bystanders from hazard or hazards


19–37

Incident Stabilization

• Decisions, resources, and activities required to control incident

• First-arriving company officer:– Sizes up incident – Decides on tactical requirements – Assigns resources

• Stabilization may be implemented initially to ensure the life safety of victims.

(Continued)


19–38

Incident Stabilization

• Elements– Fire suppression– Technical rescue or extrication– Hazardous materials spill/leak control– Vehicle or structural integrity– Medical care for injured or ill victims– Utility shutoff


19–39

Property Conservation

• Result of incident stabilization

• Activities– Fire suppression– Technical rescue or extrication– Hazardous materials spill/leak control– Vehicle or structural integrity– Medical care for injured or ill victims– Utility shutoff


19–40

Incident Size-Up Considerations

• Size-up is an ongoing process to determine:– What has happened– What is happening– What is likely to happen– What resources will be needed

• Size-up begins when alarm sounds

• On-scene size-up

(Continued)


19–41

Layman’s Size-Up Considerations

• Facts

• Probabilities

• Own situation

• Decision

• Plan of operation


19–42

Incident Size-Up — Facts

• Time

• Location

• Nature of the emergency

• Life hazard

• Exposures

• Weather

• Number of potentially trapped or injured victims

• Number of units being dispatched


19–43

Incident Size-Up — Probabilities

• In which direction is the fire likely to spread, given fuel, weather, and topography?

• Are exposures likely to become involved?

• Are explosions likely, and is a secondary explosion likely? Is a secondary collapse likely? Are aftershocks certain?

(Continued)


19–44


• Will people downwind likely need to be evacuated?

• What additional resources are likely to be needed?

(Continued)


19–45


• Additional probabilities– Hazardous materials spills– Fires– Natural disasters– Chemical releases– Illegal activities, especially methamphetamine

labs– Terrorist acts


19–46

Incident Size-Up — Officer’s Own Situation

• Resources responding or already at scene

• Additional resources available immediately, with some delay, or with considerable delay

• Capabilities and limitations of resources

• Officer’s own ability to deal with the situation

• Abilities of unit members


19–47

Incident Size-Up — Decision

• Initial decision

• Supplemental decisions as incident progresses and situation changes


19–48

Incident Size-Up —Plan of Operation

• There must be a plan.

• Plan may be simple or complex.

• Plan may be written or unwritten.

• IAP normally covers single operational period (about 12 hours).


19–49

Scene Control

• Controlling the environment in which responders must work and bystanders or victims may find themselves

• Begins with establishment of NIMS-ICS– Designate perimeter– Establish control zones


19–50

Perimeter Control


19–51

Perimeter Control — Hot Zone

• Is the area where resolving the problem takes place

• Personnel requirements


19–52

Perimeter Control — Warm Zone

• Is the area immediately outside hot zone; is restricted to personnel who are directly supporting work in the hot zone

• Includes personnel in full PPE ready to enter hot zone

• Is the site of decontamination station in hazardous materials incidents


19–53

Perimeter Control — Cold Zone

• Area immediately surrounding hot and warm zones– Incident command post (ICP)– Rapid intervention crew (RIC)– Public information officer (PIO)– Rehabilitation area– Staging areas for personnel and equipment

• Outer boundary is the control line for the general public


19–54

Traffic Control

• Reduces line-of-duty deaths and injuries

• Personnel– Usually includes law enforcement – Sometimes includes fire services– Must wear reflective safety vests


19–55

Traffic Control Variables

• Time of day

• On-street parking

• Weather conditions

• Traffic flow patterns

• Roadway constrictions


19–56

Crowd Control

• Law enforcement personnel should monitor crowd-control line when available.

• All people involved should be assessed by emergency medical providers before being released.

• Restrict spectators for their own safety and for that of victims and emergency personnel.


19–57

On-Scene Occupant Services

• On-scene occupant services provide for victims’ and witnesses’ physical, mental, and emotional needs– Provide shelter– Call appropriate relief agencies– Help those involved notify relatives– Explain reasons for responders’ actions


19–58

Summary

• Effective size-up is based on sound decision-making and the implementation of NIMS-ICS.

• Incident scene management supports incident stabilization and property conservation by ensuring effective control and assignment of resources.

• The company officer applies incident scene management during size-up and scene control.

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