FIRE & EXPLOSION RISK ASSESSMENTRoslinormansyahEHS Manager PT. Alstom Power ESI

Outline of LectureUnderstanding Fire and ExplosionSelection safeguard for Fire and Explosion s Risk ControlFramework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard

Understanding Fire and Explosion

Understanding Fire and ExplosionHistory of Fire and Explosion IncidentCarbide Industries, Fire & Explosion

March , 2011

Understanding Fire and ExplosionHistory of Fire and Explosion IncidentKleen Energy, Explosion

June, 2009

Understanding Fire and ExplosionDefinition

Fire : A slow combustion that significant without overpressureExplosion : A release of energy that causes a blast

Flammability Limit : The minimum (lower,LFL) and maximum concentration of combustible vapor in air that will propagate a flame

(source : Guidelines CPQRA, AIChE, 2000)

Understanding Fire and ExplosionBasic Philosophy

Understanding Fire and ExplosionPhilosophy of FERA Flammability Limits rangeObjective of FERA

Understanding Fire and ExplosionFlammability Limits (FL) = (suhu, tekanan, inert gas)Flammability Limits (FL)

Understanding Fire and ExplosionCombusation = (FL, Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE), Surface Area)Philosophy of Combustion

Understanding Fire and ExplosionFire occurance stepJet FireFlash FirePool FireFireball

Understanding Fire and ExplosionExplosion occurance stepExplosionPhysical ExplosionChemical ExplosionOverpressureBLEVE - FireballRPT UVCE/CVERunway reaction

Understanding Fire and ExplosionPhysical Properties Key Factor of Flammable Boiling PointVapor PressureFlash PointAutoignitionEnthalphy of Combustion (Hc)MIEDensityConductivity of materialSize of material

Understanding Fire and ExplosionEnvironmental Properties Key Factor of Fire /Explosion Operational Parameter (Pressure, Flowrate, Temp, etc)Lay-out of unit process/equipmentInstallation (congested, confined, etc)Source of heat (open fire, conductive heat, static electric, etc)Meteorogical condition (Wind speed, direction, etc)Leakage dimension (bore, rupture, hole, etc)

Understanding Fire and ExplosionImpact of Fire & Explosion Breakage the molecular bond Heat Flux / Heat RaditionPoisonous GasBlast Wave/Shock WaveDebris trajectory/projectile

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsOverall Risk Assessment Process

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsDetail Risk Assessment Process

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsStep 1 Describe system and identify hazardsScenario Development Screening Method Credible Scenario Potential Accident Scenario

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsStep 1 Describe system and identify hazardsScenario Development

Merupakan critical step dalam FERA Key word : Loss of ContainmentTool yang umum dipergunakanWhat-IfHAZOPsFMEAIncident AnalysisTie-Bow Analysis

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsStep 1 Describe system and identify hazards

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsStep 1 Describe system and identify hazardsCredible Scenario

Merupakan scenario yang akan dianalisis lebih lanjut tingkat consequences dan probability-nya

Merupakan model yang memiliki tingkat kemiripan yang tinggi bila terjadi accident

Tidak menggambarkan secara keseluruhan (each system has particular credible scenario)

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsStep 2 Determination of frequency and consequencesFrequency

Menggambarkan tingkat failure setiap peralatan yang terlibat dalam Credible Scenario

Memiliki satuan (../waktu)

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsStep 2 Determination of frequency and consequencesFrequencyFault Tree Analysis

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsFrequencyEvent Tree Analysis

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsFrequency

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequences

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequences

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion TNT MethodTNO MethodBST Method

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion TNT Method

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion TNO Method

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion BST Method

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequencesImpact Calculation of FireFire Ball EffectPool Fire EffectJet Fire Effect

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequencesImpact Calculation of FireFire Ball Effect

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequencesImpact Calculation of FirePool Fire Effect

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsConsequencesImpact Calculation of FireJet Fire Effect

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsEstimating the Risk AnalysisExplosion Frequency

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsEstimating the Risk AnalysisFire Ball Frequency

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsEstimating the Risk AnalysisPool Fire Frequency

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsEstimating the Risk AnalysisIndividual Risk Calculation

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsEstimating the Risk AnalysisSocietal Risk Calculation

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsRisk Criteria

Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsFire and Explosion Risk Assessment Result

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion s Risk Control

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion s Risk ControlStartegy Prevention and MitigationPrevention BarrierMitigation Barrier

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion s Risk ControlPrevention BarrierInherently Safe Practice PrinciplesMinimize: Reducing the amount of hazardous material present at any one timeSubstitute: Replacing one material with another of less hazardModerate: Reducing the strength of an effectSimplify: Designing out problems rather than adding additional equipment or features to deal with themEngineering considerationHazardous Area Zone Classification (IEC/EN 60079, NFPA 479, API 500)Heating Venting Air Circulation (HVAC) systemElectric Static Discharge (ESD) systemMaximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) DesignEmergency Shut Down Valve (ESDV) System Lay-out facility (lokasi, jarak, dll)Mechanical Protection (Material, Coating, dll)Inerting System

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion s Risk ControlPrevention BarrierOperation ConsiderationPreventive Maintenance Program (inspeksi rutin, testing peralatan, dll)Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) (operating parameter controlling, alarm system, dll)HousekeepingKompetensi PersonelImplementasi Sistem Manajemen Pengendalian Kerugian (Manajemen resiko)Permit SystemStorage and handling management systemCooling system (Deluge water system, vessel cooling system, dll)Accident Investigation and Lesson LearnedElectrical Connection System (Lighting Protection, Grounding, dll)

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion s Risk ControlMitigation BarrierEngineering ConsiderationHydrant & Sprinkle SystemPurging system (PSV, Rupture Disc, Flare System, dll)Dikes NetworkWater Curtain SystemCO2/Inert Gas Suppression SystemBlast-Wall

Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion s Risk ControlMitigation BarrierOperation ConsiderationFire Extinghuisers (APAR)Foam systemEmergency Response Plan (assembly area)Personal Protective Equipment (APD)Community Emergency Response

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