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HOW a fire works
Fire prevention methodsEmergency procedures on site
Dos and Donts
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88% deaths were caused due to
inhalation of smoke & toxic gases
5% 7%
88%
Death Due to Burn
Injuries
Jumping to death
By inhalation of smoke
& toxic gases
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ObjectivesUnderstand thecombustion process anddifferent fire classes.Understand fireextinguisher types,operating procedures,capabilities, andlimitations.Understand basicfirefighting concepts:
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F
I
N
D
I
N
F
O
RM
R
E
S
T
RI
C
T
EX
T
I
N
GU
I
S
H
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is a chemical reaction
between oxygen and fuel and
it evolves heat after reaction.
FIRE-
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A fire involvingordinarycombustiblematerials such aspaper, wood, clothand plasticmaterials.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
CLASS-A FIRE
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A fire involving combustible orflammable liquids grease,tar oil basedPaints and similar materials.
CLASS-B FIRE
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A fire involving energized electricalEquipment where safety to the employeerequires the use of electricallynon-conductive extinguishing media
CLASS C FIRE
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A fire involving combustiblemetals such as magnesium,titanium, zirconium, sodium,lithium and potassium.
CLASS-D FIRE
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FIRE TRIANGLE
FUEL
STARVATION
COMPONENTS OF FIRE
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Pouring Water on Fire ( e.g. Fire Hydrants, Water
Extinguishers )
Cutting of supply of combustible materials ( e.g.
closing fuel supply line, removing wood, paper etc. )
Removing Oxygen supply to fire for e.g. CO2 & DCP
extinguishers, using fire blankets etc.
1 COOLING- REMOVAL OF HEAT
2 STARVATION- REMOVAL OF FUEL
3 SMOOTHERING - REMOVAL OF OXYGEN
PROCESS OF EXTINGUISH FIRE
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FIRE
DETECTION
FIRE FIGHTING
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Fire Control Panel. Slave control panel is located in each block. Main Control Panel is located in BMS integrated to each slave panel. The smoke /Heat detectors are installed by the floor occupants and
are connected to the Fire Control panel. The main panel has inbuilt zone wise fire detector and automatic alarm on
all floors, through an amplifier. In case of Fire ,Fire Control Panel will indicate location, Time, Date. We shall control the alarm sound by Fire Control Panel.
Smoke & Heat Detector In case of Fire, Smoke & Heat Detector do the sense of Smoke & Heat
and indicate at Fire Control Panel. If the system detects any abnormal heat/smoke it shall set of an alarm. have been posted in all lobbies. And rooms The alarm may sound in the
form of a hooter. Also ,LED response indicators installed in the area willglow up.
Fire Alarm/ Hooters Manual Control Point: It need to be push in pull down to alarm for a
fire situation all occupant & staff are alert. Hooter- Unless made silent from control panel this will continue to
sound.
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Portable Fire Extinguisher. As per classification of Fire, Portable Fire Extinguishers
are utilized for First Aid Fire Fighting.
Fire Hydrant System Incase of fire we connect delivery hoses in hydrant and
use the water forextinguish the fire.
Sprinkler System Sprinkling system provided on roof top all around
building at each floor to give a protection for fire
extinguishing by water spray in an particular area/room. This system operate automatically on an particular fixed
temperature.
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Introduction Portable fire extinguishers can be found around theworkplace or at building. They are an effective means ofextinguishing accidental fires in the early stages and areintended to be used by the normal, relatively untraineduser.
The different types of portable fire extinguishers, thetypes of fire they are suitable for, and the suitable firefighting techniques for using the equipment.
Types of Fire
A fire extinguisher is not for all kinds of fire andsituations. Therefore, before learning to use a fireextinguisher, we have to understand different types offires.
Class A Fires: Normal combustibles such as wood, paper,cloth and other solid carbonaceous materials.
Class B Fires: Flammable liquids such as petrol,lubricating oil, gas oil, naphtha, alcohols etc.
Class C Fires: Gases emerging as burning jets from anorifice or fissure.
Class D Fires: Flammable metals such as magnesium,titanium, sodium, and the radioactive metals. Electrical Fires may be another unique class of fire due to
the hazard of electrocution. However, they have not beengiven a separate classification
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PARTS OF FIRE EXTINGUIHERDISCHARGE LEVER
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN
AND SEAL
DISCHARGE TUBE
DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY
CARRYINGHANDLE
PRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2
ext inguishers)
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Water Type
Foam Type
CO2
Dry Chemical Powder
Clean Agent Gas
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Class A fires only.2.5 gal. water (up to 1 minutedischarge time).Has pressure gauge to allow visualcapacity check.10-12 mt. maximum effective range.Can be started and stopped asnecessary.Extinguishes by cooling burningmaterial below the ignition point.
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
A Trash W ood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
PRESSURIZED WATER
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Class A or B fires Total capacity 9 Lt. (upto 5-6 mt. range) It contains 8.5 Lt.waterAnd 500 ml.AFFF Extinguishes by
smothering burningmaterials.
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Foam type
CONSTRUCTION
This extinguisher consists of a
cylindrical body onto which a cap
union is fitted.
The cap union is fitted with a Co2
gas cartridge, piercer mechanism
and safety clip.
The body is fitted with a siphon
tube. Screwed onto the nipple of
the siphon tube is a flexible braided
plastic hose terminating with
plastic foam making branch pipe.
F t
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Foam type
METHOD OF OPERATION:
Keep the extinguisher on the
ground or platform
Withdraw the branch pipe from its
seat, swing back the safety clip
and press down the knob with the
palm.
This action releases Co2 gas from
the cartridge and pressurizes the
extinguisher body.
Foam is then directed to fall onto
the fire gently.
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CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)Class B or C fires.(8-30 seconds dischargetime).Has NOpressure gauge-capacity verified byweight.1-3 m t. maximum effectiverange.Extinguishes by smotheringburning materials.Effectiveness decreasesastemperature of burningmaterial increases.
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
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HOSE
VALVE
CYLINDER
HORN
HANDLE
PIN
CONSTRUCTION
The extinguisher consists of
a cylindrical body onto which
a wheel valve is fitted. The
wheel valve is having a
safety pin with which we can
lock the wheel valve and also
to this wheel valve a
discharge horn made of fibre
plastic is fitted. The body is
fixed with a siphon tube.
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Carbon Dioxide
HOSE
VALVE
CYLINDER
HORN
HANDLE
PIN
METHOD OF OPERATION:
Remove the safety pin and
turn the wheel in anti-
clockwise direction anddirect the gas to the seat
of fire with the help of the
discharge horn. We can
control the flow of the gasturning the wheel valve in
clockwise direction.
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MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
A Trash Wood Paper
B Liquids Grease
C Electrical Equipment
Class A, B, or C fires.dry chemical (ammoniumphosphate) pressurized bynitrogen gas (8-25 secondsdischarge time).Has pressure gauge to allowvisual capacity check.2-6 mt maximum effective range.Extinguishes by smotheringburning materials.
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CONSTRUCTION
DCP extinguisher consists of a
cylindrical body onto which a cap
union is screwed.
The cap union is having the
piercer mechanism and safety
clip and Co2 gas cartridge is
screwed onto this.
The body is fixed with siphon
tube.
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
SAFETY CLIP
CATRIDGE
DCP
OUTER
CONTAINER
HOSE
NOZZEL
(Cartridge Type)
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SAFETY CLIP
CATRIDGE
DCP
OUTER
CONTAINER
HOSE
NOZZEL
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
METHOD OF OPERATION
Withdraw the hose from its seat,
swing back the safety clip and
press down the knob with the
palm.
This releases Co2 gas from thecartridge and pressurizes theextinguisher body.
This pressure pushes the drypowder out which comes out as astream.
The stream of powder is directedtowards the BASE of fire.
(Cartridge Type)
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Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)Stored Pressure Type
USE
Suitable for Class A, B and C
fires.
IS Code: 13949 -1993
Size of Fire Extinguishers
0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10kg
D Ch i l P d
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Dry Chemical Powder(DCP)
METHOD OF OPERATION
Aim at the base of the fire.
Squeeze the valve
From one side of fire Cover
the whole area by
sweeping action.
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Eco friendly Gas filledcylinders.
Simple to operate
Also available as selfactuated cylinderswhich burstautomatically when
temp rises beyond 60deg Celcius.
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Using A Fire Extinguisher
USE PASS System
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PASS-
PullAimSqueezeSweep
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Pull
oPull the Pin
This will allowyou to dischargethe extinguisher.
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Aim
oAim at thebase of thefire
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SqueezeoSqueeze thetop handle orlever.
This depresses abutton thatreleases thepressurizedextinguishing agentin the extinguisher
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Sweep-
oSweep fromside to sideuntil the fire iscompletelyout.
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Fire Detection & Alarm System
Main control panel is located in the BMS room Slave panels integrated with Main panel is located ineach block.
The smoke /Heat detectors are installed by the flooroccupants and are connected to the main panel.
All AHU and other ventilation / pressurization systemsare operationally hooked-up with fire alarm/detection
system. Fire fighting system : The following fire fighting system are provided with the
above detection and alarm system. Fire Pumps (Hydrant pump, Sprinkler pump, Jockey
pump and diesel driven pump) Fire Hydrants , Hose reels , Fire Extinguishers ,
Sprinkler System & PA System
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Rules for Fighting FiresFight fire in up wind direction.Start fighting the fire from safedistance (2 5 m) away.Direct the stream to the base ofthe fire.Sweep the stream from side toside.Do not leave the fire area unlessyou are sure that the fire iscompletely out.
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Signage
Signage have been posted in all lobbies.
Fire Alarm: If the system detects any abnormal heat/smoke it shall set of an alarm.
The alarm may sound in the form of a hooter.
Water sprinkler :
They get activated when the temp.in the area increases above the 68 deg.C.
Wet Riser System : Pressurized wet riser are provide in the building to which 63 mm hose pipes can be
connected for carrying out fire fighting by the trained person.
Hose Reels :
Hose reels are also provided on wet riser. In case of small fire ,individual can usethese to extinguish the fire.
.
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Fire Extinguishers: Fire Extinguishers have been provided at different
fire points next to Fire Hydrant chest as follows:-
a) Water Type
b) Co2 Type
c) ABC Type Dry Chemical
Powder
DG Area: Provided with major Fire Fighting Equipment:
a) 50 ltr trolley mounted foam Type
Extinguisher.
b) Water and sand bucket arrangement.
Panel Room: Provided with 10 Kg trolley mounted FireExtinguisher.
Server Room: Provided with Following Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers:-
a) Self actuated ceiling mounted 5kg fire extinguishers
b) Two Kg wall mounted clean fire extinguishers
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Dos The occupant entity should designate one senior
member as a warden from each floor. Good housekeeping must be ensured. Dont smoke inside the building. All receptacles for waste should be emptied at regular
intervals. Faulty electrical appliances should be replaced
immediately. Welding, cutting jobs should be carried out under strict
supervision. Fire rescue drills should be carried at regular intervals.Dont Dont plug too many electrical appliances in one socket Dont paint fire detector/sprinkler heads.
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Fire Source Detection & Information
Sources from where the fire call can be received in the fire controlroom:(a) Fire panel in the fire control room.(b) Phone call.(c) Personnel information(d) The manual call point
Action to be taken by the Security staff in the firecontrol room:(a) Security guard should be sent for verification.(b) A second guard should be send with fire extinguisher.(c) To inform local fire Manager.
Isolation of power supplyThe Manger FM along with the engineering staff will cut ofthe electrical supply to the affected area
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Causes of Fire Hot WorkFriction (Welding, Grinding)
Electrical cables
Electrical equipment
Smoking
Combustible materials
Sources of fire at site
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Fire Emergency Response
A
R
C
E
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish
Fire Fighting
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Fire Fighting
Emergency Procedure
1. Alarm- F i re F i re F i re
2. Shut Down electrical supply tothe area.
3. Dont place your own life in
danger
4. If you feel comfortable collectfire extinguisher
5. Choose the correct
extinguisher and go to the fire
6. Extinguish fire7. Remember to aim at base for
best results
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Assembly Point is the predecided safe area for assemblingof the occupant employees. Wherethey stand safely in case ofemergency.
All employees of the occupant will assembleat this point in case of emergency.
After assembling all floor in charges willverify their respective floor.
After counting all floor in charges will informto security officer about any missing person.Security officer along with rescue team willsearch the missing person and evacuatehim/her to assembly area. Required first aidto be provided to the injured person.
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