First Aid Burns Open Wounds and More

7/25/2019 First Aid Burns Open Wounds and More

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First Aid

Burns,Open Wounds

and More


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First aid

is the assistance given to anyperson sufering a sudden illness

or injury, with care provided topreserve lie, prevent thecondition rom worsening, and/or

promote recovery.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illnesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injuryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illness


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It includes initial intervention in a

serious condition prior to

professional medical help being

available, such as performing CPR

while awaiting an ambulance, as

well as the complete treatment of

minor conditions, such as

applying a plaster to a cut
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPRhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacerationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacerationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPR


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The key aims of rst aid can besummarised in three key points,sometimes known as 'the threeP's'

Preserve ife: the overriding aim oall medical care which includes rst

aid, is to save lives and minimie thethreat o death.


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Prevent further harm: also sometimescalled prevent the condition fromworsenin!, or dan!er of further

in"ury, this covers !oth e"ternal actors,such as moving a patient away rom anycause o harm, and applying rst aidtechni#ues to prevent worsening o thecondition, such as applying pressure tostop a !leed !ecoming dangerous.


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Promote recovery: rst aid alsoinvolves trying to start the recoveryprocess rom the illness or injury, and

in some cases might involvecompleting a treatment, such as inthe case o applying a plaster to a

small wound


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Objectives

#eco!ni$e the benets ofobtainin!rst%aid

&dentify proper procedures onwound care

ssist in administerin! rst aidwhen an in(icted)in"ured person


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Terms to *now

$urns $ruises

%losed &ounds

'pen &ounds

A!rasions

(acerations

)unctures

Avulsions


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-damages our s*in /sot tissue+muscle .

%lassied !y sources:

eat %hemicals

-lectricity

adiation including !y the sun0

Burns


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TYPES OF BURNS

Thermal

exposure to lame or a hot object

!hemical

exposure to acid" al#ali or or$anic substances

Electrical

result rom the conversion o electrical ener$% intoheat& Extent o injur% depends on the t%pe o current"the path'a% o lo'" local tissue resistance" and

duration o contact Radiation

result rom radiant ener$% bein$ transerred to thebod% resultin$ in production o cellular toxins


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+F(RST ,E-REE.

Epidermal tissue only affected

Erythema, blanching on pressure, mild

swelling

no vesicles or blister initially

Not serious unless large areas involved

i.e. sunburn


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,EEP +SE!ON, ,E-REE.

Involves the epidermis and deep layer of the

dermis

Fluid-filled vesicles red, shiny, wet, severe

pain

ospitali!ation re"uired if over #$% of body

surface involved

i.e. tar burn, flame


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FU** T/(!0NESS

+T/(R,1FOURT/ ,E-REE. &estruction of all s'in layers

(e"uires immediate hospitali!ation

&ry, wa)y white, leathery, or hard s'in, nopain*nerve endings are+

E)posure to flames, electricity or

chemicals can cause rd

degree burns


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Burns2 !lassiied b% ,epth

Supericial + 3stde$ree.

Sunburn

Partial + 4ndde$ree.

Hot water, stove

Full thic#ness +5rdde$ree.

Fire


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urn reatment

!hec# the scene

Remove person rom the source o

burn

!hec# or lie6threatenin$

conditions+)B!s.

!ool burn 'ith lar$e amounts o

cold runnin$ 'ater


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*/all 011+2 go to the nearest ospital if

the burned person3

/as trouble breathin$

/as burns coverin$ morethan one bod% part or a

lar$e surace area

/as burns to air'a%

Burns to head" nec#"hands" eet or $enitals


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Dontsor Burn Treatment

Touch a burn 'ith an%thin$ but a cleandressin$

Remove pieces of clothing attached to burn

Brea# blisters

Try to clean a severe burn

Use an% #ind o ointment on a severe burn


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(escue 011

/hristmas ree Fire

http322www.youtube.com2watch4v56I789"d8:;!?a@'


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&ounds


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Sot Tissue (njuries

+oft tissue incudesthe ayer of skin, fatand musce

uts, scrapes andbruises - caedwounds.

There are / types ofwounds0

osed

Open


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ypes

Open Wounds: %are or !leedingand inection are primaryresponsi!ilities. 1ay need sutures

osed Wounds: $leeding 2oodsthe inner tissue

Potentiay ife%threatenin!0

3 1ultiple wounds

3 -"tensive sie or depth


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wound is an in"ury,especiay in which the

skin or e1terna surface istorn,pierced,cut orotherwise broken.


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%losed &ounds

Example:

Simplest is a bruise.

Could be more serious.

+eek medica hep if 0

A person complains of severe pain or cannotmove a body part without pain

You think the force that caused the injurywas great enough to cause serious damage

An injured extremity is blue or extremely pale


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&atch 'ut or:

2i3erent +ta!es of Wound4eain!

%further investi!ation5Medico%e!a ase

6abused,ha$in!7


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$ruises(a*a%ontusions0

Causes:

When tiny blood vessels are damaged orbroken as the result of a blow to the skin

Can result from other injuries to area

(ankle ligament sprain)


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%are or contusions withsprain

#% rest

&% immobii$ed

%cod compress

8% eevate


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4prain

wrench or twist the ligaments o anan*le, wrist, or other joint0 violentlyso as to cause pain and swelling !ut

not dislocation.


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9racture

A fractureis a !rea*, usually in a!one. 5 the !ro*en !one puncturesthe s*in, it is called an open or

compound fracture. 9racturescommonly happen !ecause o caraccidents, alls, or sports injuries.

'ther causes are low !one densityand osteoporosis, which causewea*ening o the !ones.


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osed Wound Treatment ppy ice for rst :;%


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andages and &ressings

$andages

3 oller $andages

36riangular $andages

7ressings

3 Adhesive 4trips

36rauma 7ressings

3 8aue )ads


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&ce treatment may be used in both theimmediate treatment of soft tissue in"uries

and in ater rehabiitation

2urin! immediate treatment, the aim is toimit the body's response to in"ury. &ce wi0

#educe beedin! into the tissues.

Prevent or reduce swein! 6in(ammation7.

#educe musce pain and spasm.

#educe pain by numbin! the area and byimitin! the e3ects of swein!.


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Open Wounds0 Types

brasions3 s*in scraped o3, oftencaused by a sidin! fa onto a rou!hsurface


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>aceration3 a cut in the skin caused

by a sharp ob"ect ike a knife, scissorsor broken !ass.


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Open Wounds

vusions3 anin"ury in which aportion of the skinand sometimes

other soft tissue ispartiay orcompetey tornaway


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mputation%uttin! ortearin! o3 of a body part

%?suay beed heaviy


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espond: Amputations

Wrappedsevered tissue6amputatedbody part7 in sterie !au$e and keep itcod and dry by pacin! it in a seaedpastic ba! and puttin! ice on it

ontro Beedin!3 2irect pressure to wound

8evate

Banda!e and Protect

3 +terie or cean dressin! andbanda!e

Transporttissue and victim to hospita


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Punctures3 a pointed ob"ect piercin! the skin. !unshot wound is aso a puncture wound.


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&ound %are )recautions

5 wound involves metal

36etanus shotmay !e necessary

voiddirect contact with !lood2o @OTclean large or severe

wounds

2o @OTscru! a wound

P t 7 d h t


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Puncture 7ounds6ho' to

treat them Puncture 'ounds are diicult to clean& i the

object has penetrated the bone" it is especiall%

ris#%& Flush the area thorou$hl% 'ith

'ater"cleanin$ 'ell and a number o

occassions"and elevate the 'ound& then brin$ the

patient to the /ealth institution or urther

evaluation& )ctuall%" the patient needs also )nti6

tetanus shot1antibiotic& ( it is let untreated thept& ris# o inection +redness"s'ellin$"pain"pus

and ever .&

i d


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Minor Open WoundTreatment

Use barrier bet'een %our hand

and the 'ound+$loves.

)ppl% direct pressure or a e'

minutes to control the

bleedin$

7ash the 'ound 'ith soap

and 'ater removin$ orei$n

material+do not scrub.

( no aller$ies" appl% antibiotic

ointment

!over the 'ound 'ith sterile

banda$es


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1inor 'pen &ound 6reatment

Banda!es are usedto0

4od dressin!s inpace

ontro beedin!

Protect wounds

Provide support toan in"ured imb orbody part.


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Ma"or Open WoundTreatment

!ontrol bleedin$ !over 'ound 'ith sterile dressin$ and press

a$ainst 'ound&

)ppl% a pressure banda$e over dressin$&

( blood soa#s throu$h 8 ,o NOT remove banda$e

)dd more banda$e on top&6re6inorce

( bro#en bones are suspected ,o not move theaected limb&

( no bro#en bone"$entl% elevate and support thepart 'hile #eepin$ pressure&

Then $et 9edical /elp&


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% t lli - t l


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%ontrolling -"ternal$leeding

7irect )ressure3 Fingers or palm o hand

-levate $ody )art

)ressure $andage )ressure )oints

P P i t T ! t l


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Pressure Points To !ontrol

Bleedin$ 5ndirect )ressure

5n cases o severe !leeding when direct pressureand elevation are not controlling the !leeding,indirect pressure must !e used. $leeding rom anartery can !e controlled !y applying pressure tothe appropriate pressure point. )ressure pointsare areas o the !ody where the !lood 2ow can !econtrolled !y pressing the artery against an

underlying !one. )ressure is applied with thengers, thum!, or heel o the hand.


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)ressure points should !e used with caution.5ndirect pressure can cause damage to the

e"tremity due to inade#uate !lood 2ow. 7o notapply pressure to the nec* carotid0 pressurepoints, it can cause cardiac arrest.

5ndirect pressure is used in addition to directpressure and elevation. )ressure points in thearm !rachial0 and in the groin emoral0 are mostoten used, and should !e thoroughly understood.

6he !rachial artery is used to control severe

!leeding o the lower part o the upper arm andel!ow. 5t is located a!ove the el!ow on the insideo the arm in the groove !etween the muscles.9sing your ngers or thum!, apply pressure to

the inside o the arm over the !one.


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6he emoral artery is used to control

severe !leeding o the thigh and lower leg.5t is located on the ront, center part o thecrease in the groin. )osition the victim onhis or her !ac*, *neel on the opposite side

rom the wounded leg, place the heel oyour hand directly on the pressure point,and lean orward to apply pressure. 5 the!leeding is not controlled, it may !enecessary to press directly over the arterywith the 2at surace o the ngertips andto apply additional pressure on the

ngertips with the heel o your other hand.


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6ypes o $leeding

)rterial2 Spurtin$"blood is bri$ht red

:enous

-ushin$"blood dar# red"slo' lo' !apillar%

Oo;in$ rom 'ound"slo' and small in


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5nternal $leeding

!are or shoc# and see# or 9edical /elp Bruises and contusions

Painul" tender" ri$id" bruised abdomen

:omitin$ or cou$hin$ up blood

Stool that is blac# or contains blood


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When are stitches neededA

3 Rule of thumb:

+titches are neededwhen..

3 ed!es of skin donot fa to!ether

3 the acerationinvoves the face

3 when any wound isover

C inch on!

)re enting 7isease


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)reventing 7isease6ransmission

9oow these !uideineswhen !ivin! Dstaid to hepdecrease risk of !ettin! ortransmittin! an infectiousdisease0

% void contact with boodE other body (uids

?se protective breathin!barriers

?se disposabe !oves 2o not touch anythin!

soied in bood

?@&F8#+> P#8?T&O@0

W+4 4@2+.


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Usin$ -loves

Wash your hands withWash your hands with

soap and water aftersoap and water after

!ivin! care even if you!ivin! care even if you

are wearin! !ovesare wearin! !oves

Why do you think it isWhy do you think it isimportant to avoidimportant to avoid

contact with boodAcontact with boodA


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!leanin$ up a blood spill

ean up spi &MM82&T8>Gafter it occurs

?se disposabe !oves and otherprotective eHuipment

Wipe up spi with paper towesor somethin! ese durabe

fter the area has been wipedup use D C cups of iHuid

chorine beach 0 D !aon offresh water and et stand for D=minutes

2ispose in Bioha$ard container


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Scenario 3

9inor 7ound Treatment

Scrape" cut on 'rist1in$er


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Acenario #


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Acenario

Bee stin$ on palm o hand


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Acenario 7

Bruise

1contusions


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IWe make a ivin! bywhat we !et, but we

make a ife by whatwe !ive.J

Winston hurchi


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(escue 011

7indo' !uts Bo% Part 3

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7indo' !uts Bo% Part 4

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@a$$ed Ed$e Rescue Part 3

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@a$$ed Ed$e Rescue Part 4

http211'''&%outube&com1'atch=v>,??;!Hl7vHCeature>related

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First Aid Burns Open Wounds and More

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