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FITNESSGRAM 2012-2013: Winter Training
Department of Physical Education, Health and AthleticsSDUSD
What is the FITNESSGRAM?
Health-related fitness assessment
Establishes fitness levels (Healthy Fitness Zones) needed to maintain health and avoid preventable diseases
A battery of 6 tests assesses 5 health-related components of physical fitnessCardiovascular fitnessMuscular strengthMuscular enduranceFlexibilityBody composition
In 2011, the CA State Board of Education adopted new Healthy Fitness Zones (HFZs) for Body Mass Index and Aerobic Capacity for the spring testing windowRepresents a paradigm shift away from
performance-based measures to a more accurate prediction of system function and efficiency
Provides more specific information about potential health risks and allows for more prescriptive feedback messages to students and parents
What has changed?
Why the changes?
Data driven-changeAerobic Capacity
Excessively high passing rates for young girls Classification disagreement between PACER and
One-Mile Run
Body Composition Standards for very young children did not
discriminate adequately Classification disagreement between % Body Fat
and BMI values Much more data for children is now available
upon which to base HFZ standards
What does the research say?
Body Composition New HFZs reflect the recent work of the
FITNESSGRAM Scientific Advisory Board that looked at BMI and the level of blood test indicators (i.e., HDL/LDL cholesterol and triglycerides) associated with preventable diseases
New HFZs consider age and gender to measure BMI and reflect the natural developmental trends for boys to gain muscle and girls to gain fat through adolescence, as well as health risks
Aerobic Capacity New HFZs reflect VO2max values that define potential
risk for metabolic syndrome and take into account normal changes in growth and maturation
New HFZs predict VO2max using BMI, and are a better indicator of the function and efficiency of the cardio-respiratory system
How do the changes impact teachers?
Test administration protocol does not change
Some teachers feel the new HFZs are unfair and punitive for students with a high BMI
Teachers are used to performance-based measures in physical education (e.g., number of reps, motor skill form, distance run, weight lifted, etc.)
Teachers can no longer tell students the number of PACER laps or mile time they need to achieve to be in the HFZ for aerobic capacity
Teachers can no longer use a performance-based perspective or the new HFZs will appear punitive
Changes will show up in reporting student results
What is NEW for body composition?
Healthy Fitness Zones (HFZs) vary by age and gender Previously % body fat was a consistent cut off based
on gender (25% for boys, 32% for girls) New standards reflect % body fat that defines risk
for metabolic syndromeThere are now 4 Classification Zones
Very Lean Healthy Fitness Zone Needs Improvement – Some Risk Needs Improvement – High Risk
This change will affect all grade levels and genders
Body Composition Assessment Options
Skinfold calipers - inexpensive, accurate if the user has been trainedBioelectrical impedance – more accurate if 4
contact points, less if only 2 contact points A protocol must be followed:
Can’t eat or drink 30 minutes prior to the test Must urinate 30 minutes prior to the test Girls cannot be on their period
Infrared - expensive, easy to use, 3-5% error
What is NEW for aerobic capacity?
Output is now expressed as Aerobic Capacity (VO2max) vs. PACER laps or One-Mile Run time
Height and weight must be collected for ALL students in order to calculate VO2max
Values for boys increase with age while the values for girls decrease
There are now 3 Classification Zones Healthy Fitness Zone Needs Improvement – Some Risk Needs Improvement – High Risk
Fewer young girls, more young boys and fewer older boys will achieve the new HFZ
What is metabolic syndrome?
Metabolic syndrome is considered as a group of risk factors that collectively promote the development of cardiovascular disease and increases the risk of diabetes
Three of the following five risk factors must be present: High blood pressure High fasting glucose High waist circumference High triglycerides Low HDL cholesterol
What is aerobic capacity?
Body’s ability to take in, transport and convert oxygen to energy during exercise
How does FITNESSGRAM measure aerobic capacity?
The gold standard measure of aerobic capacity is VO2max
What is VO2max?
VO2max is the maximum rate that your body can take in, transport, and use oxygen during incremental exercise
V is for volume or how much per unit of time
O2 is for oxygen; we breathe it in
VO2max is also known as maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake, peak oxygen uptake or aerobic capacity
Why is aerobic capacity important?
What benefits will your students experience by improving their aerobic capacity? Turn and talk to a partner.
New Performance Standards
Step 1: Determine student Body Mass Index (BMI)
Step 2: Determine Appropriate Aerobic Capacity (VO2max)
OR…Use a Formula to Calculate VO2max
Use this online spreadsheet to enter a student’s PACER lap count or one mile-run time along with height and weight to determine the student’s aerobic capacity (VO2max) and BMI scores. It will perform the necessary calculations for both aerobic capacity and BMI. www.presidentialyouthfitnessprogram.org/resources/index.shtml
Step 3: Select the appropriate test…
Mile Run Test Requires student age, gender, height, weight, mile
time VO2max will not be estimated if time exceeds 13 min.
PACER Test Requires student age, gender, height, weight, PACER
to one mile conversion time VO2max will not be estimated if PACER to one mile
conversion time exceeds 13 min.
Walk Test Only for students 13 and older Requires age, gender, height, weight, one-mile walk
time, one minute heart rate at end of walk
Strategies for Implementing Change
Make the paradigm shift as a teacher – the expectations for attaining the new HFZs are different!Motivation for students on the aerobic capacity tests
cannot be based on “how much” they have to doStudents should be instructed to “do their best”
Use a thoughtful, emotionally-sensitive approach to explain the new HFZs
Stress to students the effects of higher BMI upon the function and efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system
Give students adequate time to prepare for all of the tests
Give high school students an opportunity to try ALL 3 aerobic capacity tests and to select their test preference
Strategies for Implementing Change (cont’d.)
Allow students with a higher BMI the chance to perform the Walk Test; there is some evidence that this is a better measure of AC for those with a higher BMI
Explain aerobic metabolism, aerobic capacity, and the effects of higher BMI on the cardiorespiratory system
Provide support such as opportunities to practice beyond the school day, pre-testing in the fall, exercise logs, accountability for exercising over school breaks, development of fitness plans, goal-setting instruction, fitness/wellness links on teacher’s website, etc.
Disseminate updated information to parents and administrators
Ensuring a Valid Test
Teachers must administer the FITNESSGRAM subtests with fidelity, to ensure reliable and valid results A high school student tested in San Jose must be tested
in the exact same way as a student in San Diego
Certificated teachers are the only ones who may conduct the test or enter data, never coaches, parents or volunteers
Students should never test other students during the actual test
The cadence CDs should always be used for the PACER, curl-up and push-up tests
SDUSD Testing Window
Spring: February 25th to March 22nd
5th, 7th, 9th – 12th graders
New FITNESSGRAM kits will be supplied to every elementary and middle school site this spring
High schools received kits in the fall
SDUSD Reporting
Pass/fail scores will still appear in Data Director since they are reported cumulatively
The new classification zones for body composition and aerobic capacity will only appear in the parent letter
SDUSD FITNESSGRAM Support
Physical Education, Health and Athletics Department
Brenna Baringer: [email protected] or (619) 725-7124
Assessment Services Department
Samantha Clabaugh: [email protected] or (619) 725-7061
FITNESSGRAM ResourcesTraining Videos
www.pftdata.org/training.aspx 3-6 minute training videos for ALL 13 FITNESSGRAM Tests
California Department of Education www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/pf/
Ed Code, California Resources, Coordinator Manual
Cooper Institute http://www.fitnessgram.net/home/
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Presidential Youth Fitness http://www.presidentialyouthfitnessprogram.org/
Tools such as VO2max calculator
Human Kinetics www.fitnessgram.net/home/
Order Training Manuals, Cadence CDs and Equipment