Flashcards for Ionic & Metallic Bonding

What particle is transferred in ionic

bonding?

Electron

How do you identify an ionic formula?

Metal + Nonmetal

How do you identify a covalent formula?

All Nonmetals

What do metals do?

Metals lose electrons & form

positive ions.

What do nonmetals do?

Nonmetals gain electrons & form

negative ions.

What are the properties of metals?

1) Luster2) Good conductors of heat &

electricity3) Malleable & ductile4) Low ionization energy & low

electronegativity5) High mp, high bp & low vapor

pressure

Why do atoms form bonds?

To get the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas.

What is a chemical bond?

Force of attraction that holds 2 atoms together.

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

1) Hard, brittle2) High melting point, high boiling point3) Low vapor pressure4) Poor conductors of heat5) Solids do not conduct electricity at all6) Melts & solutions do conduct a current7) Ions in solution react quickly

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

Crystal lattice: lattice points are positive &

negative ions.

Subscripts in formulas

Tell how many atoms of that element are present.

No subscript means “1.”

Empirical Formula

Subscripts in chemical formula have smallest

whole number ratio

Empirical Formula

Ionic compounds only have empirical

formulas.

Crystal lattice

Regular, repeating pattern in 3 dimensions.

Compounds are electrically …

Neutral.

Writing formulas from the ions for binary compounds.

• Write the ions, positive 1st.• If the superscripts (charges)

do NOT add to zero, “criss-cross.”

• Na+1 S-2 becomes Na2S

Molecular Formula

Gives exact composition of molecule.

What is the structure of metals.

Crystal lattice: all lattice points are

positive ions.

Delocalized electrons

Valence electrons in metals are free to

roam throughout the metal.

Sea of mobile electrons

Phrase used to describe valence electrons in

metallic bonding.

Metallic Bonds

Formulas have metals only.

Subscripts in chemical formulas

Microscopic scale – give atomic ratios

Macroscopic scale – give mole ratios

Lewis Dot Structures for Ionic Compounds

Have square brackets and charges. Charges add up to 0. Positive ion has no dots. Negative ion has 8 dots.

Lewis Dot Structures for NaCl

[Na]+[:Cl:]-

::

Lewis Dot Structures for NaOH

[Na]+[:O:H]-

::

Group 1 metals form …

+1 ions

Group 2 metals form …

+2 ions

Group 16 nonmetals form …

-2 ions

Group 17 nonmetals form …

-1 ions

Group 18 nonmetals form …

They don’t form ions. There the

noble gases!

Binary Compounds

Composed of 2 elements! (2 uppercase letters)

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds: Stock

System

Name positive ion 1st (metal).Name negative ion 2nd (nonmetal).

Change ending to –ide.If metal has more than 1 oxidation

state, use Roman numeral to specify which.

NaCl

Binary Ionic Cmpd.Na has only 1 oxidation

state.Sodium Chloride

FeCl2

Binary Ionic Cmpd.Fe has 2 possible oxidation states.Iron (II) chloride

Fe(NO3)3

Contains a polyatomic.Fe has 2 possible oxidation states.Iron (III) Nitrate

Polyatomic Ion

• A group of covalently bonded atoms that carries a charge.

• Can form ionic bonds with other ions.

• Have names.

NaNO3

• NO3 = nitrate ion• Sodium nitrate

Cu(NO3)2

• NO3 = nitrate ion• Copper has more than one oxidation

state.• The copper here must have a +2

charge.• Copper (II) nitrate.

Cu2SO4

• SO4 = sulfate ion• Copper has more than one oxidation

state.• The copper here must have a +1

charge.• Copper (I) sulfate.