FlexLink Manual

USER MANUALFlexLink

B4030 Rev. A

© Nera Networks AS

2 B4030 Rev. Prelim

The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice anddescribes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation.This documentation is intended for the use of Nera’s customers only for thepurposes of the agreement under which the documentation is submitted, and nopart of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without theprior written permission of Nera. The documentation has been prepared to beused by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumesfull responsibility when using it. Nera welcomes customer comments as part ofthe process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation.

The information or statements given in this documentation concerning thesuitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or softwareproducts cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement madebetween Nera and the customer. However, Nera has made all reasonable effortsto ensure that the instructions contained in the documentation are adequate andfree of material errors and omissions. Nera will, if necessary, explain issues whichmay not be covered by the documentation.

Nera’s liability for any errors in the documentation is limited to the documenta-ry correction of errors. NERA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENTFOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCI-DENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), thatmight arise from the use of this documentation or the information in it.

This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected bycopyright according to the applicable laws.

NERA logo is a registered trademark of Nera ASA.Other product names mentioned in this documentation may be trademarks oftheir respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposesonly.

Copyright © Nera ASA 2003. All rights reserved.

B4030 Rev. Prelim 3

Table of Contents

SECTION I Installation Overview .......................................... 11

1.0 About this Document ............................................................... 12

2.0 Precautions .............................................................................. 12

3.0 Work Order ...............................................................................133.1 Tools ...............................................................................133.2 Task List ......................................................................... 133.3 Completing Installation ....................................................13

4.0 Protective Grounding ............................................................. 144.1 Outdoor Unit .................................................................... 144.2 Indoor Unit .......................................................................144.3 IDU-ODU Flexbus Cable ................................................. 144.4 Ethernet Cabling ............................................................. 154.5 Electrostatic Sensitive Devices ......................................15

Appendix A. Transmission Installation Report .............................. 16A.1 FlexLink Terminal Information ......................................... 16A.2 Outdoor Unit and Cable Installation .................................17A.3 Indoor Unit Installation ..................................................... 18A.4 Test Reports ...................................................................18A.5 Node (*.nod) Files ...........................................................18A.6 Inventory Checklist .......................................................... 19A.7 Installation Inspection ...................................................... 19

SECTION II Outdoor Installation ........................................... 21

1.0 About this Section ...................................................................23

2.0 Precautions .............................................................................. 242.1 Warnings and Cautions ..................................................242.2 Precautions.....................................................................242.2. Installation Restrictions ................................................... 25

4 B4030 Rev. Prelim

3.0 Work Order ...............................................................................263.1 Parts ...............................................................................263.2 Tools ...............................................................................273.3 Task List ......................................................................... 28

4.0 Installing the Outdoor Unit and Antenna .............................. 304.1 Alignment Unit ................................................................. 304.2 Antenna ........................................................................... 324.3 Outdoor Unit .................................................................... 344.4 Alignment Bracket for the 23 – 38 GHz 20 cm Antenna ..354.5 120 cm and 180 cm Antennas ........................................394.6 Separate Antennas .........................................................414.7 Removing the Outdoor Unit and Antenna........................ 44

5.0 Installing the Equipment for 1-Antenna HSB........................ 455.1 Installing 1-antenna HSB for the 7-15 GHz Radios .........455.1.1 Parts ...............................................................................455.1.2 Installation .......................................................................455.2 Installing 1-Antenna HSB for the 18 - 38 GHz Radios ..... 485.2.1 Parts ...............................................................................485.2.2 Installation .......................................................................50

6.0 Connecting Interfaces ............................................................ 536.1 Grounding .......................................................................536.2 Flexbus Cable ................................................................. 54

7.0 Aligning the Antenna ............................................................... 557.1 Coarse Alignment ...........................................................557.2 Fine Alignment ................................................................56

Appendix A Mounting Kits ............................................................... 58A.1 Mounting Kit ODU Roof ................................................... 58A.2 Mounting Kit ODU Wall ................................................... 59

SECTION III Indoor Installation ............................................. 61


B4030 Rev. Prelim 5

2.0 Precautions .............................................................................. 622.1 Warnings and Cautions ..................................................622.2 Precautions.....................................................................622.3 Installation Restrictions ................................................... 632.3.1 19-inch Units ...................................................................632.3.2 Plug-in Units .................................................................... 64


4.0 Installing FIU19E ...................................................................... 664.1 Installing FIU19E in a 19-inch Rack ................................ 664.1.1 FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M Capacity ...................................664.1.2 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity (1+0) ...............................674.1.3 FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity and 1+1 protection .......... 684.2 Installing FIU19E in an ETSI Rack .................................. 714.2.1 FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M Capacity (1+0)..........................724.2.2 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity (1+0) ...............................734.3 Installing FIU19E in a Slim Rack ..................................... 744.2.3 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity and 1+1 Protection .........744.3.1 FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M Capacity (1+0)..........................764.3.2 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity (1+0) ...............................774.3.3 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity and 1+1 Protection .........784.4 Removing 19-inch Units ..................................................79

5.0 Installing Plug-in Units ............................................................805.1 Identifying Plug-in Units ................................................... 805.2 Installing a Plug-in Unit ....................................................835.3 Removing a Plug-in Unit ................................................. 84

6.0 Connecting Interfaces ............................................................856.1 Main Unit ......................................................................... 856.1.1 Flexbus (TNC Connector) ...............................................856.1.3 Power (Molex Micro-Fit 3.0 Connector) ..........................866.1.2 Q1 (RJ-45 Connector) ....................................................866.1.4 Local Management Port (RJ-45 Connector) ...................876.1.5 MP (SMB Connector) ...................................................... 87

6 B4030 Rev. Prelim

6.1.6 LAN Interface (RJ-45 Connector) .................................... 876.2 4 x 2M Plug-in Units and 16 x 2M Expansion Unit ...........886.2.1 2 Mbit/s Unbalanced 75 W Interfaces (SMB Connector) 886.2.2 2Mbit/s Balanced 120 W Interfaces (RJ-45 Connector) .886.3 Ethernet Plug-in Unit .......................................................896.4 Flexbus Plug-in Unit ........................................................ 906.4.1 Flexbus (TNC Connector) ...............................................906.4.2 Additional power supply (Molex Micro-Fit 3.0 Connector) 906.5 Aux Data Plug-in Unit ...................................................... 91

Appendix A FIU19E Power Connections and Grounding ............. 92

SECTION IV Commissioning ................................................ 93


2.0 FlexLink Manager .................................................................... 952.1 Installing the Manager ..................................................... 952.1.1 Installing from CD-ROM..................................................962.1.2 Installing from Nera Web ................................................ 972.1. Uninstalling...................................................................... 972.2 Connecting the Communication Cable ........................... 972.3 Getting Started ................................................................992.3.1 Starting FlexLink Manager ............................................. 1002.3.2 Using Help..................................................................... 1012.3.3 Security ......................................................................... 1012.3.4 Toolbar .......................................................................... 1022.3.5 Status Bar ..................................................................... 1032.3.6 Menu Overview ............................................................. 1042.3.7 Printing .......................................................................... 1052.4 Working Offline/Configuring a Virtual Node ................... 1052.5 Establishing a Connection to the Node ......................... 1062.6 LMP Far-end Management ........................................... 1112.6.1 Performance Monitoring ................................................ 1112.6.2 Identifications ................................................................ 1112.6.3 Configuration for FlexLink ............................................. 111

3.0 Commissioning FlexLink....................................................... 1123.1 Precautions................................................................... 112

B4030 Rev. Prelim 7

3.2 Work Order ................................................................... 1133.2.1 FIU19E .......................................................................... 1133.2.2 2IDU + 2ODU protected mode...................................... 1143.3 Switching Power On ..................................................... 1153.3.1 Indoor Unit (FIU19E)...................................................... 1153.4 Commissioning with the Wizard ................................... 1163.5 Aligning the Antenna...................................................... 1193.6 Configuring Identifications and Settings ........................ 1203.6.1 Identifications ................................................................ 1213.6.2 Network Element Settings ............................................ 1213.6.3 General Unit Settings .................................................... 1233.6.4 Outdoor Unit Settings.................................................... 1263.6.5 Indoor Unit Settings ....................................................... 1283.6.6 Ethernet Plug-in Unit Settings ....................................... 1303.6.7 Flexbus Plug-in Unit Settings ........................................ 1353.6.8 Aux Data Plug-in Unit Settings ...................................... 1353.6.9 SNMP Settings .............................................................. 1393.6.10 Configuration Report ..................................................... 1483.7 Cross-Connections ...................................................... 1483.7.1 Editing Cross-Connections ........................................... 1493.7.2 E1 Cross-Connection Window for FIU19E C2.0 .......... 1513.7.3 Editing cross-connection banks.................................... 1533.8 Verifying Commissioning .............................................. 1543.8.1 Commissioning Measurements .................................... 1543.8.2 Measuring the Fading Margin ........................................ 1553.8.3 Monitoring the Hop ........................................................ 1553.9 Resetting the Statistics and Error Counters ................. 155

4.0 Managing Alarms ................................................................... 1564.1 Reading and Cancelling Alarms.................................... 1564.2 Fault Settings ................................................................ 1584.2.1 Alarm Settings .............................................................. 1584.2.2 PI Bit Cross-Connections ............................................. 1604.2.3 Aux Data Plug-in I/O Line Settings ................................ 1614.3 Service LEDs................................................................ 1634.3.1 FIU19E Main LED ......................................................... 1634.3.2 Flexbus LED ................................................................. 1654.3.3 Ethernet Plug-in Unit LEDs ........................................... 1654.3.4 Viewing LEDs with the FlexLink Manager ..................... 166

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5.0 Maintaining FlexLink ............................................................. 1675.1 Preventive Maintenance ................................................ 1675.2 Performance Monitoring ................................................ 1685.2.1 Measurements .............................................................. 1685.2.2 Error Counters .............................................................. 1705.2.3 Reading Statistics ......................................................... 1705.2.4 Ethernet Plug-in Unit Statistical Counters ..................... 1725.3 Using Troubleshooting Tools ........................................ 1735.3.1 Built-in Test Features.................................................... 1735.3.2 Ethernet Plug-in Unit Test Loops .................................. 1795.3.3 Forced Controls ............................................................ 1805.3.4 Measurement Interface ................................................. 1825.3.5 Internal Tests ................................................................ 1835.4 Replacing or Removing Equipment .............................. 1845.4.1 FIU19E Plug-in Units ..................................................... 1845.4.2 Removing Equipment ................................................... 1845.4.3 Replacing the FIU19E indoor unit .................................. 1855.4.4 Replacing the Outdoor Unit or the Antenna................... 185

6.0 Upgrading ............................................................................... 1866.1 Software Upgrading ...................................................... 1866.2 Changing Capacity ....................................................... 1886.2.1 Transmission Capacity ................................................. 1886.2.2 Add/Drop Capacity ........................................................ 1886.3 Adding Equipment ......................................................... 1896.3.1 FIU19E Plug-in Units ..................................................... 1896.3.2 FIU19E Expansion Unit ................................................. 1896.3.3 Upgrading to 1IDU+2ODU Protected Mode (FIU19E) ... 1906.3.4 Upgrading to 2IDU+2ODU protected mode (FIU19E) ... 191A.1.1 Functional Entity: FIU19E.............................................. 192

Appendix A. Alarm List .................................................................... 192A.1 FIU19E Alarms .............................................................. 192A.1.3 Functional Entity: 4 x 2M Plug-in Unit, 16 x 2M

Expansion Unit .............................................................. 200A.1.4 Functional Entity: Flexbus Plug-in Unit .......................... 202A.1.5 Functional Entity: EXU .................................................. 208A.1.6 Functional Entity: Aux Data Plug-in Unit ........................ 209A.1.7 Functional Entity: Ethernet Plug-in Unit ......................... 210

B4030 Rev. Prelim 9

A.2 FlexLink Outdoor Unit Alarms ....................................... 214A.2.1 Functional Entity: ODU ................................................. 214

Appendix B. Examples of Commissioning.................................... 220B.1 Commissioning an FIU19E Chaining Station ................ 220

10 B4030 Rev. Prelim

List of Revisions

Rev. Date What is changed

A 15-12-03 Initial version

B4030 Rev. A 11

Installation Overview


SECTION I

12 B4030 Rev. A

FlexLink

1.0 About this DocumentThis document gives general instructions on the installation of FlexLink.

The document covers the following topics:• precautions• general work order of the installation• general earthing and grounding instructions.

Detailed installation instructions for the indoor units and the outdoor unitare in the following documents in this manual:

• Indoor Unit Installation• Outdoor Unit Installation

The instructions are intended for trained installation personnel.

2.0 PrecautionsBefore starting the installation, note the following precautions:

• Familiarise yourself thoroughly with the installation instructions.• Plan the installation in advance.

See the unit-specific installation documents for any special precautionsthat apply to that unit.

B4030 Rev. A 13


3.0 Work OrderThe FlexLink consists of the following components:

• indoor unit (IDU)• outdoor unit(s) (ODU), antenna, and alignment unit• cabling.

The order of installation of these components can vary slightly dependingon the application and the local conditions.

3.1 ToolsThe tools needed in the installation of the outdoor unit and the indoor unitdepend on the installation configuration. See the unit-specific installationdocuments for complete tool lists.

3.2 Task ListThe following is the recommended task list for the installation of FlexLink.The document detailing the task is indicated after the task.

1. Prepare the cabling.2. Install the indoor unit (see Indoor Unit Installation).3. Connect the cabling to the indoor unit (Flexbus cables, 2M cables,

Q1 cables, power supply cable).4. Install the outdoor unit, antenna, and alignment unit (see Outdoor

Unit Installation).5. Pre-align the antenna (see Outdoor Unit Installation).6. Connect the grounding wire and the Flexbus cable to the ODU (see

Outdoor Unit Installation).

3.3 Completing InstallationThe installation is completed when the indoor and outdoor units are ontheir places, the cables have been connected, and the antenna has beenpre-aligned to the far-end station.

Fine alignment of the antenna, a part of the commissioning process of themicrowave radio, is described in the Outdoor Unit Installation section ofthis manual. For information on other tasks of the commissioning processrefer to the Commissioning and Maintenance part of this manual.

NOTE!If it is likely that moisture will condense in the outdoor unit, do not leaveit outdoors without power.

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FlexLink

4.0 Protective GroundingTo ensure safe installation conditions for both personnel and equipment,the grounding of an equipment station must be done before installing theequipment. The purpose of protective grounding is to keep the potential ofthe equipment at the same level as the potential of the surrounding ground.This prevents generation of dangerous voltages between the equipmentand the ground. Because of the high locations of the radio and base stationequipment, equipment stations are particularly susceptible to lightningstrokes.

Do the grounding according to rules and regulations issued by the localauthorities.

For further information on protection against interference, refer to ITU-TK.27 (Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunicationbuilding) or corresponding recommendations.

NOTE!To ensure the operation of the equipment, connect all equipment of anequipment station to the same ground potential.

4.1 Outdoor UnitThe outdoor unit must be grounded. For more information, refer to Chapter‘Connecting interfaces’ in Outdoor Unit Installation.

4.2 Indoor UnitThe indoor unit does not require specific grounding arrangements.

4.3 IDU-ODU Flexbus CableGround the sheath of the Flexbus cable between the indoor unit and theoutdoor unit at approximately 50 m intervals. Ground the sheath also at theinlet to the equipment space. National regulations may require groundingevery 20 m.

B4030 Rev. A 15


4.4 Ethernet CablingThe Ethernet connectors in FIU19E are shielded, and the shield is connect-ed to the equipment case. If the other end is implemented in the same way,there is a possibility for current loop that can disturb the functionality.

If there is a possibility for potential difference between the end points ofthe cable, it is recommended to disconnect the other end’s cable groundfrom the device ground.

The designer is urged to consult the relevant local, national, and interna-tional safety regulations to ensure compliance with appropriate require-ments.

4.5 Electrostatic Sensitive DevicesUse an antistatic wrist strap or equivalent protection when handling FIU19Eplug-in units. Discharge of static electricity may damage components.

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FlexLink

Appendix A.Transmission Installation ReportA.1 FlexLink Terminal Information

Hop /Near end /Far end /

Connected in Flexbus: 1 2 3 4

Near end frequency : ________________kHzMaximum transmit power: ________________dBm

Connected in Flexbus: 1 2 3 4

Far end frequency : ________________kHzMaximum transmit power: ________________dBm

Transmission capacity: ________________x 2 Mbit/s

Interleaving status: Off Depth2 Depth4

ALCQ (ATPC): ON OFF

Fading margin measurement performed: (YES)

Average result: ______________________________dB

B4030 Rev. A 17


A.2 Outdoor Unit and Cable InstallationMethod of installation (outdoor unit)

Roof mounting Wall mounting

Tower installation Pole installation

Inhouse

General information about antenna and cables

Near end antenna product code: _____________________Far end antenna product code: _____________________

ITEM TERMINAL AAntenna height (from ground/sea level) _____/_____mCable length (between IDU and ODU) __________mCable type (between IDU and ODU) RG-________

Installation checklist

INSTALLATION ITEM CHECKED Pass FailGeneral appearance of outdoor unitIDU-ODU cables marked and connected to ODUODU link address clearly markedAll external connectors andcables checked for correct sealingGrounding of outdoor unitGrounding of IDU-ODU cables

Notes on FlexLink ODU check:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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FlexLink

A.3 Indoor Unit InstallationMethod of installation (indoor unit)

FIU19E Mounting onto 19” rackOther equipmentName:____________________

Installation checklistITEM Pass FailGeneral appearance of IDUIDU-ODU cables marked and connected to the IDU2 Mbit/s cables labelledPower cable connected to IDUFB plug-in unit power cable not connectedPower supply cables securely attachedCables arranged and secured to cable tray2Mbit/s attached to DDF/BTS (other equipment)Q1 / 10BaseT cable connectedAll equipment grounded and securely fastenedAlarm cable connected & labelledAUX-Data: cable connected & labelledEthernet cables installed

A.4 Test ReportsFlexLink configuration report

Is included in site folder YES NO

A.5 Node (*.nod) FilesIs included in site folder YES NO

B4030 Rev. A 19


A.6 Inventory ChecklistIndoor and outdoor unitsRefer to unit labels for version and serial numbers.

ITEM CHECKEDOUTDOOR UNITSerial numberProgram (Version)INDOOR UNITSerial numberProgram (Version)

A.7 Installation InspectionOutdoor unit installation Pass FailInstallation completed and checklist filled

Indoor unit installationInstallation completed and checklist filled

IDU-ODU CablesInstallation completed and checklist filled

TransmissionInstallation completed and checklist filled

Acceptance certificate

Customer name: Site address:Contract No.:Delivery No.:Site name:Site No.:

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FlexLink

STAGE COMPLETE/ OK COMMENTS/DEFICIENCIES(Initials)

Installation of IDUInstallation of mountingbracket/ alignment unitInstallation of ODURunning cablesAlignmentCommissioning

Nera hereby states that all of the items detailed above have been inspected,tested and unless otherwise stated conform to the specified requirementsin the contract or order identified above.

Date:______________________

Signature of Nera’s site responsible:___________________________(In capital letters)

Signature of Customer’s site responsible:________________________(In capital letters)

B4030 Rev. A 21

ODU Installation

Outdoor Installation

SECTION II

22 B4030 Rev. A

FlexLink

1.0 About this Section ...................................................................21

2.0 Precautions .............................................................................. 222.1 Warnings and Cautions ..................................................222.2 Precautions.....................................................................222.2. Installation Restrictions ................................................... 23


4.0 Installing the Outdoor Unit and Antenna .............................. 284.1 Alignment Unit ................................................................. 284.2 Antenna ........................................................................... 304.3 Outdoor Unit .................................................................... 324.4 Alignment Bracket for the 23 – 38 GHz 20 cm Antenna ..334.5 120 cm and 180 cm Antennas ........................................374.6 Separate Antennas .........................................................394.7 Removing the Outdoor Unit and Antenna........................ 42

5.0 Installing the Equipment for 1-Antenna HSB........................ 435.1 Installing 1-antenna HSB for the 7-15 GHz Radios .........435.1.1 Parts ...............................................................................435.1.2 Installation .......................................................................435.2 Installing 1-Antenna HSB for the 18 - 38 GHz Radios ..... 465.2.1 Parts ...............................................................................465.2.2 Installation .......................................................................48

6.0 Connecting Interfaces ............................................................ 516.1 Grounding .......................................................................516.2 Flexbus Cable ................................................................. 52

7.0 Aligning the Antenna ............................................................... 537.1 Coarse Alignment ...........................................................537.2 Fine Alignment ................................................................54

Appendix A Mounting Kits ............................................................... 56A.1 Mounting Kit ODU Roof ................................................... 56A.2 Mounting Kit ODU Wall ................................................... 57

B4030 Rev. A 23

ODU Installation

1.0 About this SectionThis Section of the User Manual describes the installation of the FlexLinkoutdoor unit (ODU).

This Section covers the following topics:• precautions when installing the FlexLink ODU• tools and work order of the installation• installing the outdoor unit, antenna, and alignment unit• installing the equipment for 1-antenna hot standby• connecting interfaces• aligning the antenna.

Refer to the Installation Overview part of this manual for general workorder and precautions when installing Nera microwave radios. Refer to theIndoor Unit Installation part when installing FlexLink indoor units.

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FlexLink

2.0 PrecautionsThis chapter describes the issues you must take into account beforeinstalling the outdoor unit. Familiarise yourself thoroughly with the instal-lation instructions before starting the installation.

2.1 Warnings and CautionsMicrowave radiationThe radiation emitted by the antenna is low-power radiation and does notexceed the safety regulations. If the radio is operated without the antenna,the safety limit is exceeded near the waveguide openings.

WARNING!Do not look into an open waveguide while the equipment is operating, asdamage to the eye may result. The safety distance is 25 cm (0.1 mW/cm2).

Electrical safety

CAUTION!Never connect or disconnect the Flexbus cable when the power is on.Damage to the equipment may result.

2.2 PrecautionsBefore starting the installation, verify that you have the correct equipment(correct outdoor unit frequency and subband, correct antenna) and thatthe equipment has not been damaged during transport.

Note also the following prerequisites for installation:• Transmission and installation have been planned.• The far-end radio is installed or the installation space for the far-end

radio has been planned.• If it is likely that moisture will condense in the outdoor unit, do not

leave it outdoors without power.

B4030 Rev. A 25

ODU Installation

2.3 Installation RestrictionsThe following restrictions must be considered before installing the out-door unit:

• The maximum and minimum temperatures at the installation locationmust remain in the range given in the technical specifications.

• The integrated antenna can be aligned ±45° in a vertical direction and±360° in a horizontal direction (fine adjustment ±15°).

• The mounting pole structure must be stable enough to keep theantennawithin its 3 dB beamwidth in all foreseeable wind conditions.

• Do not install the outdoor unit at a location where an unauthorisedperson can have access to the antenna radiation region (which mayresult in traffic interrupts) or to the equipment itself to vandalise it.

• When the outdoor unit is installed in regions where the temperaturefalls below zero during the winter, ice can accumulate on installationtower structures. Take precautions to avoid the breakage ofantennas due to falling ice. Suitable protection can be accomplished,for example, by installing a metal grating above the antenna.

26 B4030 Rev. A

FlexLink

3.0 Work OrderThis chapter lists the required parts and tools and gives the suggestedwork order for the installation of the FlexLink outdoor unit.

3.1 PartsThe following parts are needed in the normal installation of the FlexLinkoutdoor unit:

• outdoor unit• antenna• alignment unit• Flexbus cable (RG-223 or RG-214) with a TNC connector (waterproof)

and cable ties• grounding wire.

If FlexLink is installed with a 20 cm square radome antenna, instead ofthe alignment unit, the following parts can be used:

• alignment bracket with fastener• mounting adapter plate (in case installing the 20 cm square radome

antenna to a pole with a diameter of 120-300 mm).

If FlexLink is installed with a 120 or 180 cm antenna, the antenna hasits own alignment unit. In addition, a snap-on mounting is needed.

If Nera FlexLink is installed with a separate antenna, the followingadditional parts are needed:

• mounting unit• waveguide adapter• waveguide.

Parts which are needed in the installation of the directional coupler for 1-antenna HSB protection are listed in Chapter 5.

The installation accessories for the outdoor unit are selected according tothe installation method (roof, wall, or tower):

• Roof-mounting kit: a part list and installation instructions aredelivered with the mounting kit.

• Wall-mounting kit: a part list and installation instructions aredelivered with the mounting kit.

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ODU Installation

• Tower installation: because the structure of a tower determines thecomposition of any installation kit, the outdoor unit has no specificaccessories for tower installation. If a vertical installation pole isused, it must have a diameter of:

- 50 - 125 mm (20, 30, or 60 cm antenna)- 115 mm (120 or 180 cm antenna)- 30 - 120 mm (38 GHz 20 cm antenna with alignment bracket).

The installation poles for roof- or wall-mounting can be used in somecases.

3.2 ToolsThe following tools and equipment are recommended to be at hand wheninstalling the outdoor unit:

• two 13 mm fork or ring spanners (Two spanners are needed forlocking the horizontal adjustment. In other tasks one spanner isenough.)

• 6 mm Allen key; for installing the integrated antenna, alignmentbracket, snap-on mounting, or waveguide adapter

• 2, 4, or 5mmAllen key; for changing the polarisation of the antenna,fixing the fastener to the alignment bracket (5 mm)

• torque spanner (optional)• documents on installation planning: installation height, direction,

vertical adjustment, and polarisation of the antenna• compass, binoculars, map; to aid in antenna alignment, if there is no

direct visual contact with the station at the other end of the hop• DC voltage meter and cables with a BNC connector (male); for

antenna alignment monitoring (AGC)• rope, pulley and/or other hoisting equipment; for lifting the ODU

onto the mast• protective clothing, helmet.

If the alignment bracket for a 20 cm square radome antenna is used, two10 mm fork spanners are needed in the alignment.

If a separate antenna is used, the following tools are needed:• 17, 19, 24, and/or 30 mm fork or ring spanner; for installing 120 and 180

cm antenna• 2.5 or 3 mm Allen key; for fixing the waveguide.

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FlexLink

3.3 Task ListPlan the work in advance.

The following order is recommended for the installation of the FlexLinkoutdoor unit (see Figure II-1):

1. Install the vertical installation pole (if applicable).2. Install the alignment unit, antenna, and outdoor unit.3. Pre-align the antenna.4. Connect the grounding wire to the outdoor unit.5. Connect the Flexbus cable to the outdoor unit.

Prepare the cabling beforehand so that the cables can be connected to theoutdoor unit immediately after it has been installed.

The installation of the alignment unit, antenna, and outdoor unit can beperformed in several ways:

• Option a.- The antenna is mounted on the alignment unit and this

combination is mounted on the installation pole.- The outdoor unit is mounted on the alignment unit.

• Option b.- The alignment unit is mounted on the installation pole.- The antenna is mounted on the alignment unit.- The outdoor unit is mounted on the alignment unit.

• Option c.- The antenna is mounted on the alignment unit.- The outdoor unit is mounted on the alignment unit.- The alignment unit (with the antenna and the outdoor unit) is

mounted on the installation pole.

These instructions detail option b). Other options may be carried out usingsimilar procedures. The best option depends on the size of the antenna.When using the integrated 30 cm antenna, it is advisable to follow the orderin option c). When using the 60 cm antenna, the order in option b) isusually the most suitable.

B4030 Rev. A 29

ODU Installation

Figure II-1Installing the outdoor unit with the integrated alignment unit

IU-OU Flexbus cable

Grounding wire

Outdoor unit

Alignment unit

30 cm antenna

Installation pole (50 - 125 mm)

30 B4030 Rev. A

FlexLink

4.0 Installing the Outdoor Unit and AntennaThis chapter describes how to install and uninstall the FlexLink outdoorunit and antenna. The chapter covers the installation of:

• the integrated alignment unit• the integrated 20, 30, or 60 cm antenna• the outdoor unit• the alignment bracket for the 20 cm square radome antenna• a 120 or 180 cm antenna• a separate antenna

and the removal of the outdoor unit or antenna.

4.1 Alignment UnitThe integrated alignment unit is designed for parabolic antennas of 30 and60 cm and square radome antennas of 20 cm. It can be installed onto polesof 50-125 mm diameter.

The alignment unit can be installed onto either side of the pole simply byturning the alignment unit around; no change of parts is needed. In normaluse there is no need to handle loose parts that might drop during theinstallation process.

Figure II-2 FlexLink integrated alignment unit

Main support

Counter support

Slide blocks

Coarse vertical adjustment, middle position

Vertical locking nut Vertical adjust-ment screw

Horizontal locking nuts

Clamp

Twin bolts(closed)

Horizontal adjustment screw

Mast bolts

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ODU Installation

Mounting the alignment unit on a poleTo mount the alignment unit on a pole:

1. Turn the horizontal adjustment screw clockwise, so that theinstallation pole fits behind the clamp.

2. Open the M8 nuts of the mast bolts and swing open the twin bolts(see Figure II-3).

3. Push the alignment unit into its place, so that the installation polesettles between the clamp and the counter support.

4. Close the twin bolts and tighten the nuts using a 13 mm spanner.Before the final tightening, turn the horizontal adjustment screw tothe centre position and turn the whole alignment unit towards thefar-end station. Aim along the side surface of the main support, forexample. Tighten the nuts to a torque of 25 Nm.

5. If the vertical deviation to the far-end station is more than 20°, changethe position of the coarse vertical adjustment bolt of the mainsupport to the upper or lower position, depending on the directionof the deviation. Do this already before installing the alignment unit,if the deviation is known.

Figure II-3 Mounting the alignment unit on a pole

Twin bolts(open)

Clamp Countersupport

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4.2 AntennaNOTE!The antenna is installed with the water holes facing down (possible plugmust be removed).

Changing antenna polarisationChoose the right polarisation by turning the antenna feeder (see Figures 4and 5). The feeder is fixed with four screws. The screw type depends on theantenna manufacturer:

• 20 cm Precision antenna: Take off the screws using a 2mmAllen key.Turn the feeder plate 90°. Put the screws back and tighten them.

• 30, 60, 120, and 180 cm Precision antenna: Take off the screws usinga 5 mm Allen key. Turn the feeder plate 90°. Put the screws back andtighten them.

• 30, 60, 120, and 180 cm 13-38 GHz Andrew antenna: Loosen thescrews slightly using a 4 mm Allen key. Turn the feeder plate 90°.Tighten the screws.

• 60, 120, and 180 cm 7-8 GHz Andrew antenna: Loosen the four screwswith 5 mm Allen key. Take off the hub. Loosen the three screwsslightly with a 3mmAllen key. Turn the feeder 90°. Tighten the screwsand replace the hub. Note the guide hole direction.

Figure II-4 Antenna feeder in vertical and horizontal polarisation

V H

Vertical polarisation (factory setting)

Horizontal polarisation

Guide holeWaveguide opening

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Mounting the antenna on the alignment unitTo mount the integrated antenna on the alignment unit:

1. Put two M8 Allen screws (out of the total of four) into the holes onthe antenna flange (upper left and lower right holes); turn only a fewturns.

2. Lift the antenna into place; with the screws through the widenedholes in the alignment unit (see Figure II-5). Turn the antenna coun-ter-clockwise. The waveguide has to be vertical or horizontal and theantenna water hole has to face down.

3. Add the two remaining M8 screws and tighten all four screws with a6 mm Allen key. The torque is 8 Nm.

4. If the antenna feeder is protected with a cover or tape, remove thecover or tape.

Figure II-5 Installing the antenna

Aiming Line

Water hole

8 Nm

PRECISION antenna

ANDREW antenna 13 - 18GHz

4 mm

5 mm

6 mm

POLARISATION

ODU locking nut

V

H

13 mm

25 Nm

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4.3 Outdoor UnitMounting the outdoor unitTo mount the outdoor unit on the alignment unit:

1. Remove the protective rubber cap from the waveguide flange of theoutdoor unit. Put the cap away onto the circular ledge beside theflange. Do not peel off or damage the foil covering the waveguideopening. Check and clean, if necessary, the outdoor unit and themounting ring of the alignment unit.

2. Unscrew the outdoor unit locking nuts (M8) out of the threads, sothat the slide blocks can be drawn free from the screws (see Figure5).

3. Push the lower edge of the V ring of the outdoor unit behind the slideblock and push the upper edge so that it clicks behind the other slideblock. Check that the (rectangular) outdoor unit guide pin fits intothe corresponding antenna guide hole.• In vertical polarisation the handle and the connectors face down.• In horizontal polarisation the handle and the connectors face

sideward, away from the installation pole.4. Tighten both the ODU locking nuts, first manually and then with a

spanner (see Figure II-6). The torque is 4 Nm.

Figure II-6 Mounting the outdoor unit on the alignment unit(vertical polarisation)

13 mm

4 Nm

4 Nm

ODU locking nut

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4.4 Alignment Bracket for the 23 – 38 GHz 20 cm AntennaThe alignment bracket can be installed onto poles of 30- 120 mm diameterand with a mounting adapter plate onto poles of 120 - 300 mm diameter.

Mounting the alignment bracket on a pole (with a diameter of 30 – 120mm)To mount the alignment bracket on a pole (see Figure II-7):

1. Place the bracket and the clamp around the pole.2. Turn the bracket roughly towards the far-end station. Note that

there must be enough room for installing the fastener and the outdoor unit.

3. Tighten the mounting bolts with a 6 mm Allen key. The torque is20Nm.

Figure II-7 Installing the alignment bracket and the fastener

Installation pole30 - 120 mm

Alignmentbracket

Fastener

6 mm

6 mm

10 mm

Coarse alignment locking screws (8 - 10 Nm)

5 mmM6 (7 Nm)

Fine alignmentadjustment bars

To upper holes

M8 mounting bolts (20 Nm)

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Fixing the fastener to the alignment bracketThe fastener can be mounted on either side of the pole. Install the align-ment bracket accordingly (see Figures II-7 and II-8).

To fix the fastener to the alignment bracket:1. Place the fastener on the alignment bracket.2. Tighten the M6 screws with a 5 mm Allen key. The torque is 7 Nm.

Figure II-8 Mounting the alignment bracket and the fastener on theother side of the pole

To upper holes Alignment bracket"upside down"

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Mounting the antenna on the fastenerThe antenna is mounted on the fastener the same way as it is mounted onthe alignment unit (see Chapter 4.2). Polarisation can be changed byturning the antenna feeder plate (see Chapter 4.2). The mounting of the 20cm antenna on the fastener is shown in Figure II-9.

Figure II-9 Mounting the 20 cm antenna on the fastener

Antenna

2 mm6 mm

8 Nm

Water holes

POLARISATION

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Mounting the outdoor unit on the fastenerThe outdoor unit is mounted on the fastener in the same way as it ismounted on the alignment unit (see Chapter 4.3). The mounting is shown inFigure II-10.

Figure II-10 Mounting the outdoor unit on the fastener(horizontal polarisation)

4 Nm13 mm

4 Nm

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ODU Installation

4.5 120 cm and 180 cm AntennasLarge antennas are mounted on the antenna manufacturers’ own alignmentunits. The outdoor unit can be fitted to these antennas without a flexiblewaveguide using a snap-on mounting.

NOTE!The antenna is installed with the water holes facing down (possible plugsmust be removed).

Changing antenna polarisationThe polarisation of the 120 and 180 cm antennas is changed in the sameway as the polarisation of the 30 cm and 60 cm antennas (see Chapter 4.2).

Figure II-11 FlexLink 7, 8, 13 or 15 with a 120 cm antenna

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Fixing the snap-on mounting to the antennaTo fix the snap-on mounting to a large antenna (see Figure II-12):

1. Put twoM8 Allen screws (out of the total of four) into holeson the antenna flange (upper left and lower right holes); turn only afew turns.

2. Put the snap-on mounting into place; with the screws through thewidened holes in the mounting. Turn the mounting clockwise.


Figure II-12 Fixing the snap-on mounting to a large antenna

Mounting the outdoor unitThe outdoor unit is mounted on the snap-on mounting in the same way asit is mounted on the alignment unit (see Chapter 4.3).

Antenna flange(antenna not pictured)

6 mm

Snap-on mounting

M8x20 screws(8 Nm)

Water hole(always down)

ODU locking nut

Slide block

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4.6 Separate AntennasIt is also possible to use an antenna that is separate from the outdoor unit.The outdoor unit and the antenna are connected by a flexible waveguide oran elliptical waveguide.

Large antennas (larger than 60cm) are mounted on the antenna manufactur-er’s own alignment units. Small antennas (20, 30 and 60 cm) are mounted onthe FlexLink alignment unit.

The outdoor unit is mounted on its own mounting unit (or alignment unit)and the waveguide is connected to it with an adapter. The mounting unit isa simplified version of the FlexLink alignment unit.

The antenna feeder has threaded holes for the installation of the waveguidewith screws.

When used with a separate antenna, the FlexLink outdoor unit is alwaysinstalled with the handle facing down.

NOTE!The waveguide adapter is always installed with the guide hole facing upand the water hole facing down.

Polarisation can be changed by turning the antenna feeder (see Chapter4.2).

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Figure II-13 Dual polarised antennas

Dual polarised antenna has two waveguide flanges, one for vertical andone for horizontal polarisation.

Radios cannot be integrated directly on dual polarized antenna.

Both radios are connected with flexible waveguides to the antenna. Smalldual polarised antennas (30/60cm) are installed on alignment unit in thesame way as a single polarised antenna.

Both radios may have their ownmounting units. With clamps for dualmounting, a snap-on-adapter can be installed on mounting unit and thenonly one mounting unit is needed for pole installation.

Radio 2Radio 1

Mounting unit

WG-adapter Snap-on mounting

Flexible waveguide

Clamps for dual mounting

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Figure II-14 Installing the waveguide adapter

Fixing the waveguide adapterTo fix the waveguide adapter to the mounting unit (see Figure II-14):

1. Put two M8 Allen screws (out of the total of four) into holes on thewaveguide adapter (upper left and lower right holes); turn only a fewturns.

2. Lift the waveguide adapter into place; with the screws through thewidened holes in the mounting unit. Turn the adapter counter-clockwise.


Fixing the waveguideFix the waveguide to the adapter using four screws.

• On the 7 to 15 GHz waveguides, these screws are M4x16. Tighten thescrews with a 3 mm Allen key. The torque is 2 Nm.

• On the 18 to 38 GHz waveguides, the screws are M3x12. Tighten thescrews with a 2.5 mm Allen key. The torque is 1 Nm.

Fix the other end of the waveguide to the antenna in the same way.

M8x20 screws(8 Nm)

6 mm

Waveguide

2.5 or 3 mm

Waveguide adapter

Guide hole always up

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4.7 Removing the Outdoor Unit and AntennaFollow these instructions if the outdoor unit or the antenna is to beremoved or replaced.

CAUTION!Switch the ODU power supply off (with the FlexLink manager) beforeremoving the outdoor unit.

Removing the outdoor unitTo remove the outdoor unit:

1. Disconnect the Flexbus cable (see Figure II-19).2. Disconnect the grounding connector (see Figure II-19).3. Open the locking nuts of the outdoor unit (see Figure II-5).4. Lift the upper slide block, twist the outdoor unit backwards and

detach it from the alignment unit.5. Put the protective rubber cap back on the waveguide flange of the

outdoor unit.

NOTE!The outdoor unit must be removed before the antenna can be removed.

Removing the 20, 30, or 60 cm antennaTo remove the integrated antenna (see Figure II-5):

1. Unscrew and remove the two antenna mounting screws (upper rightand lower left).

2. Unscrew the two remaining screws in the grooves a couple of turns.3. Turn the antenna around its axis slightly so that the heads of the

screws fit into the openings in the grooves.4. Pull the antenna free of the alignment unit (or the fastener).5. Protect the antenna feeder with a cover or tape to prevent dirt from

getting in the waveguide.

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5.0 Installing the Equipment for 1-Antenna HSBThis chapter describes how to install the directional coupler for hot stand-by (HSB) protection with one antenna. Each frequency band has its owncoupler, but some couplers share similar construction. There are twoinstallation procedures, one for the 7, 8, 13, and 15 GHz couplers and onefor the 18 - 38 GHz couplers.

5.1 Installing 1-antenna HSB for the 7-15 GHz Radios5.1.1 Parts

In addition to two FlexLink radios and their cabling, the following parts areneeded in this installation:

• coupler (including mounting unit)• waveguide (flexible or elliptical)• antenna• alignment unit.

If a 20, 30 or 60 cm antenna is used, the antenna is mounted on the FlexLinkalignment unit 30/60. If a 120 or 180 cm antenna is used, the antenna ismounted on the antenna manufacturer’s own alignment unit.

5.1.2 InstallationThe coupler assembly is installed on a pole. The antenna is mounted on aseparate alignment unit and the coupler is connected to the antenna with awaveguide. The outdoor units are mounted on the coupler.

Figure II-15 Coupler for the 7-15 GHz radio

Twin bolts(open)

ClampCounter support

Mounting unit

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Installing the couplerTo install the coupler assembly for the 7-15 GHz radios on a pole (seeFigures II-15 and -16):

1. Open the M8 nuts of the mast bolts and swing open the twin bolts.2. Push the mounting unit into place, so that the installation pole

settles between the clamp and the counter support.3. Close the twin bolts and tighten the nuts using a 13 mm spanner. The

torque is 20 Nm.

Installing the antennaIf a 20, 30 or 60 cm antenna is used, install the antenna and the alignmentunit as described in Chapters 4.1 and 4.2. If a 120 or 180 cm antenna is used,follow the instructions that come with the antenna package. Polarisationcan be changed by turning the antenna feeder (see Chapter 4.2).

Figure II-16 Installing the 7-15 GHz coupler

M4x16 Allen screws (1.5 Nm)

3 mm

13 mm

20 Nm

4 Nm

OU locking nuts

4 Nm

13 mm

Grooves

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ODU Installation

Fixing the waveguideRemove the protective tapes from the waveguide flanges of the coupler.Do not peel off or damage the foil covering the waveguide opening. Fix thewaveguide to the coupler with four M4x16 Allen screws (see Figure II-16).Tighten the screws with a 3 mm Allen key. The torque is 1.5 Nm.

Fix the other end of the waveguide to the antenna in the same way. Use agasket between the flanges.

Mounting the outdoor units on the couplerMount the outdoor units on the coupler in the same way as they aremounted on the alignment unit (see Chapter 4.3). In this case, the handlesalways face down.

The coupler input with the lower insertion loss from the radio to theantenna is marked with one groove (I) on the top of the coupler (the sidecloser to the pole, see Figure II-16). The coupler input with the higherinsertion loss is marked with two grooves (II) on the top of the coupler. SeeTechnical Description for the values of the insertion loss.

NOTE!Configure the radio connected to the coupler input with lower insertionloss (I) as he primary transmitter. See Commissioning and Maintenance.

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5.2 Installing 1-Antenna HSB for the 18 - 38 GHz RadiosThe mechanical structure of the coupler for the 18 - 26 GHz bands is shownin Figure II-17. The coupler for the 38 GHz band has shorter side plates anda shorter flexible waveguide, but otherwise its mechanical structure is thesame.

5.2.1 PartsTwo FlexLink radios and their cabling are always needed in this installa-tion. The need for other parts depends on the antenna setup used.

If a 20, 30, or 60 cm antenna is used, the following parts are needed:• coupler• antenna• alignment unit (T55050.01 is used in this case also for 20 cm

square radome antenna).

If a 120 or 180 cm antenna is used, the following parts are needed:• coupler• snap-on mounting• antenna (with its own alignment unit).

If a separate antenna is used, the following parts are needed:• coupler• mounting unit or alignment unit (for the coupler and the radios)• antenna and alignment unit• waveguide adapter• waveguide (flexible or elliptical).

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Figure II-17 Changing the polarisation on the 18 - 38 GHz coupler

M5x16 Allen screws

4 mm

Bottom view

Vertical polarisation(factory setting)Screws in holes marked "V"

Horizontal polarisation

Screws in holes marked "H"

90°Bottom view

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5.2.2 InstallationIf a 20, 30 or 60 cm antenna is used, the alignment unit and the antenna areinstalled normally. The coupler is mounted on the alignment unit. Theoutdoor units are mounted on the coupler.

If a 120 or 180 cm antenna is used, the antenna is installed normally. Thesnap-on mounting is installed on the antenna. The coupler is mounted onthe snap-on mounting. The outdoor units are mounted on the coupler.

Installing the 20, 30 or 60 cm antennaInstall the alignment unit and the antenna as described in Chapters 4.1 and4.2.

Changing the polarisation on the couplerTo change the polarisation on the coupler from vertical (factory setting) tohorizontal (see Figure II-17):

1. Take off the M5x16 screws (form the holes marked “V”) using a 4 mmAllen key.

2. Turn the collar 90° counter-clockwise.3. Put the screws back (in the holes marked “H”) and tighten them.4. Make sure that the polarisation of the antenna is changed

correspondingly (see Chapter 4.2).

Mounting the coupler on the alignment unitThe coupler is mounted on the alignment unit in a similar way to theoutdoor unit.

Two additional M8x16 screws are used to secure the mounting.

The coupler can be installed on the alignment unit whether the alignmentunit is on the right or the left side of the pole. Remove the water plug fromthe lower end of the coupler bushing.

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To mount the coupler on the alignment unit (see Figure II-18):1. Remove the protective rubber cap from the waveguide flange of the

coupler. Put the cap away onto the circular ledge beside the flange.Do not peel off or damage the foil covering the waveguide opening.

2. Unscrew the locking nuts (M8) on the alignment unit or the snap-onmounting out of the threads, so that the slide blocks can be drawnfree from the screws.

3. Push the lower edge of the V ring of the coupler behind the slideblock and push the upper edge so that it clicks behind the other slideblock. Check that the (rectangular) guide pin fits into the cor-responding antenna guide hole.

4. Tighten both locking nuts, first manually and then with a spanner.The torque is 4 Nm.

5. Fix the M8x16 screws, so that they go through the holes in the sideplates of the coupler. Tighten the screws with a 13 mm spanner. Thetorque is 18 Nm.

Figure II-18 Mounting the 18 - 38 GHz coupler on the alignment unit

M8x16 screws(18 Nm)

13 mmIntegratedantenna

Plug removed

4 Nm

4 NmGrooves

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Mounting the outdoor units on the couplerMount the outdoor units on the coupler in the same way as they aremounted on the alignment unit (see Chapter 4.3). In this case, the handlesalways face backwards, in the opposite direction to the hop.

The coupler input with the lower insertion loss from the radio to theantenna is marked with one groove (I) on the coupler (the side closer to thepole, see Figure II-18). The coupler input with the higher insertion loss ismarked with two grooves (II) on the coupler. See Technical Description forthe values of the insertion loss.

NOTE!Configure the radio connected to the coupler input with lower insertionloss (I) as the primary transmitter. See Commissioning and Maintenance.

Mounting the coupler when a separate antenna is usedTo mount the coupler when a separate antenna is used (refer to Chapter4.6):

1. Mount the coupler on the mounting unit (or alignment unit) asdescribed above.

2. Fix the waveguide adapter to the mounting unit (or alignment unit).3. Fix the waveguide to the adapter and to the antenna.

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6.0 Connecting InterfacesTwo cables need to be connected to the FlexLink outdoor unit:

• a grounding wire• the IDU-ODU Flexbus cable.

The AGC connector is used in antenna alignment (see Chapter 7).

Figure II-19 Connector panel of the FlexLink ODU

6.1 GroundingGrounding the outdoor unitA 16 mm2 grounding wire is used in grounding the outdoor unit.

To ground the outdoor unit:1. Peel the tip of the grounding wire 15 mm.2. Connect the grounding wire to the grounding clamp of the outdoor

unit and tighten with a 13 mm spanner (4 Nm). If the grounding wireis furnished with a lug (hole greater than 6 mm), it can be mountedunder the bolt head of the grounding connector. With a little moreforce the bolt can be taken off.

3. Connect the other end of the wire to the general grounding wire of thetower.

CAUTION!Make sure that general grounding of the tower is performed according toregulations issued by local authorities.

AGC+FB+

Groundingconnector

Flexbusinterface

AGC (antenna alignmentmonitor) connector

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6.2 Flexbus CableCAUTION!If the Flexbus cable is already connected to the indoor unit, make sure theFlexbus ODU power supply is switched off before connecting the cable tothe outdoor unit. The power can be switched off using the managersoftware.

Connecting the IDU-ODU Flexbus cableThe outdoor unit fits a clamp-type (water-tight) straight TNC connector,fitted into an RG-214 cable, for example. Cables and connector kits areavailable from Nera.

To connect the Flexbus cable to the outdoor unit:1. Connect the TNC connector (of the IDU-ODU Flexbus cable) to the

outdoor unit. Tighten the connector manually (0.5 Nm).2. Tie the cable to the installation pole with cable ties or with special

holders (FIMO, for example).Leave enough slack to the cable so that the outdoor unit can beturned during the alignment.

Ground the sheath of the Flexbus cable between the indoor unit and theoutdoor unit at approximately 50 m intervals. Ground the sheath also at theinlet to the equipment space. National regulations may require groundingevery 20 m. Grounding kits are available from Nera.

NOTE!When several FlexLink outdoor units are installed in the same pole (in aprotected configuration, for example), we recommend that you label theIDU-ODU Flexbus cables to ensure that the cables are connected to thecorrect units.

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7.0 Aligning the AntennaThis chapter describes the alignment of the 30 or 60 cm antenna with theintegrated alignment unit and the alignment of the 20 cm square radomeantenna with the alignment bracket. The antenna is pre-aligned during theinstallation and fine-aligned during the commissioning when both ends ofthe hop are transmitting.

7.1 Coarse AlignmentCoarse alignment (pre-alignment) can be done already before the installa-tion of the outdoor unit. Horizontal adjustment is carried out by turning thealignment unit around the pole. In case of 20 cm square radome antennaand alignment bracket, horizontal adjustment can also be done by adjust-ing the bracket. It is useful to know the deviation up or down from thehorizontal level, so that the vertical adjustment of the alignment unit can beperformed beforehand.

Integrated alignment unitOn the integrated alignment unit, vertical adjustment is set at the factory tothe middle position. To set the vertical adjustment to +25° or -25°, loosenthe vertical adjustment nuts (V) and take off the coarse vertical adjustmentbolt (V adj. bolt). Turn the mounting plate +25° or -25° and reinstall the bolt(see Figure II-20).

When the antenna is not installed, the far-end can be aimed along the sidesurface of the main support.

Alignment bracketOn the alignment bracket, the vertical coarse adjustment range is ±45° (in10° steps). To set the vertical adjustment, loosen the coarse alignmentlocking screw with a 6 mm Allen key and turn the bracket. Vertical align-ment can be adjusted in a similar way (±90°, in 10° steps, but note that theremust be enough room for the fastener and the outdoor unit). Tighten thescrews to a torque of 10 Nm before the fine alignment.

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7.2 Fine AlignmentThe antenna is aligned after the transmit frequency has been checked orset (see the Commissioning and Maintenance part of this manual). Theoutdoor unit at the other end of the hop must be pre-aligned to this stationand must be sending a signal on the correct frequency.

The antenna is aligned on the basis of the monitoring voltage (AGC),which is inversely proportional to the input level of the signal receivedfrom the radio hop and should be depict as Received Signal StrengthIndicator (RSSI).

Aligning an antenna mounted on the integrated alignment unitThe fine horizontal adjustment range is ±15°. The fine vertical adjustmentranges are +45° to 0°, ±25°, or 0° to -45°, depending on the coarse verticaladjustment.

Figure II-20 Locking nuts of the alignment unit

H

H

VVV

V

V adj.bolt

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To fine align an antenna mounted on the integrated alignment unit:1. Connect the DC voltage meter to the monitoring connector (AGC)

via an adapter or a cable with a BNC connector (male).2. Turn the vertical and horizontal adjustment screws (M8) with a box

or fork spanner (see Figure II-2). One full turn equals 0.5°.3. Find the minimum value for the monitoring voltage by vertical and

horizontal adjustment of the adjustment screws.4. When the right alignment has been found, lock the moving parts

together and lock the adjustment screws (see Figure II-20). Thetorque is 20 Nm. Alignment should not move during locking (checkthe monitoring meter).

5. Remove the DC voltage meter.

Aligning a 20 cm square radome antenna mounted on the alignmentbracketThe fine horizontal and vertical adjustment ranges are ±10°.To fine align an antenna mounted on the alignment bracket:

1. Connect the DC voltage meter to the monitoring connector (AGC)via an adapter or a cable with a BNC connector (male).

2. Loosen the locking screws to approximately 10 Nm (see Figure II-7).3. Adjust the fine alignment bars with a 10 mm spanner until you find

the minimum monitoring voltage value. One full turn equals 3°.4. Lock the fine alignment bars using two 10 mm spanners.5. Tighten the locking screws to a torque of 20 Nm. Tighten first the

joint that is closer to the installation pole.6. Remove the DC voltage meter.

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Appendix A Mounting KitsA.1 Mounting Kit ODU Roof

The mounting of the outdoor unit onto a roof is implemented with theMounting Kit ODU Roof (T38085.01). The tube for roof-mounting i.e. T-tube is intended for installations on flat and slanting roofs. Installation ofthe tube onto a vertical surface is also feasible. The rigidity of the installa-tion can be increased by staying. The T-shaped tube can in some cases beused for installation on a tower. A parts list and installation instructions aredelivered with the mounting kit.

Figure 21 Mounting kit ODU roof

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A.2 Mounting Kit ODU WallThe mounting of the outdoor unit on a wall is implemented with theMounting Kit ODU Wall (T38085.02). The tube for wall-mounting, O-tubeis intended for vertical installations on walls. In some cases the tube canalso be used for lowprofile roof installations or even for installations on atower. The position of the O-tube can be changed according to the loca-tion. The rigidity of the installation can be increased with vertical andhorizontal tubes functioning as stays. A parts list and installation instruc-tions are delivered with the mounting kit.

Figure 22 Mounting kit ODU wall

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Indoor Installation

SECTION III

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1.0 About this DocumentThis document describes the installation of the FIU19E indoor unit. FIU19Ecan be installed in any standard 19-inch rack. FIU19E can also be installedin a 600 x 300 mm ETSI rack or a slim rack (TM4) using mounting adapters.

The document covers the following topics:• precautions when installing FIU19E• tools and work order of the installation• installing FIU19E• installing plug-in units• connecting interfaces

Refer to the Installation Overview part of this manual for general workorder and precautions when installing FlexLink radios. Refer to the Out-door Unit Installation part when installing the radio outdoor units.

2.0 PrecautionsThis chapter describes the issues that must be taken into account wheninstalling the FIU19E indoor unit. Familiarise yourself thoroughly with theinstallation instructions before starting the installation.

2.1 Warnings and CautionsElectrical safetyCAUTION!Never connect or disconnect the Flexbus cable when the power is on.Damage to the equipment may result. Ensure that the Flexbus LED is not onor blinking. Power can be switched off using the manager software.

2.2 PrecautionsBefore starting the installation, verify that you have the correct equipmentand that the equipment has not been damaged during transport.

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2.3 Installation Restrictions2.3.1 19-inch Units

Consider the following restrictions before installing the indoor unit:

• If FIU19E is installed in a cabinet, leave adequate space for cablesbetween the front panel and the cabinet door.

• The ambient temperature of the installation location must be withinthe range given in technical specifications.

When FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M and/or Ethernet plug-in capacity isinstalled in a standard 19- inch rack, an air gap of at least 1/3 U is leftbetween the units (1 U = 44.45 mm).

When FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity and no protection is installedin a tandard 19-inch rack, an air gap of 0.5 U is left between the unitassemblies.

When FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity and 1+1 protection is installedin a standard 19-inch rack, consider the cooling (Figure III-1):- In equipment cabinets equipped with a fan improving air cir-

culation, the unit assemblies can be mounted onto each other.- In racks with no enhancement of air circulation, a 1 U air gap must be

left between the indoor unit assemblies.

Figure III-1Installation of FIU19E units in a 19-inch rack

*) In a rack not equipped with a fan, an air gap of 1 U must be left here.

1 U

1/3

U

1 .5

U0.5

U

*

2 U

*

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2.3.2 Plug-in UnitsConsider the following restrictions before installing plug-in units in theFIU19E plug-in unit slots:

• The power cable of the Flexbus plug-in unit shall never be dis-connected. No ODU shall be connected to the Flexbus plug-in unit

• Negative input voltage is grounded in the Flexbus plug-in unit. Theplugin unit requires an external power supply, if positive grounding isused at the equipment station.

• Install plug-in units only in slots defined for the specific plug-in unit.See Chapter 5.1 for applicable unit slots.

• If the 16 x 2Mexpansion unit is installed, remove any 4 x 2Mplug-inunits in the main unit plug-in slots. Interfaces in them will not work.Ethernet plug-in (if used) can still remain in the main unit.

• In 1+1 protection, when installing or removing the 16 x 2MIC plug-inunit, the corresponding FIU19E must be turned off.

• Although the installation and removal of the FIU19E plug-in units hasbeen designed to work without flaws even with the power on, werecommend that you switch the FIU19E power off before installingor removing plug-in units. Note that switching the power off cuts thetraffic and resets any equipment statistics.

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IDU Installation

3.0 Work OrderThis chapter lists the required parts and tools and gives the suggestedwork order for the installation of the FIU19E indoor unit.

3.1 PartsThe required installation parts depend on the configuration. Chapter 4 liststhe parts needed in each configuration. Mounting brackets for the 19-inchrack are included in the unit packages. Mounting adapter kit for the ETSIrack and the TM4 slim rack must be purchased separately.

3.2 ToolsThe following tools are required in the installation of the FIU19E indoorunit:

• 5 mm Allen key; for 19-inch rack screws• T10 Torx driver; needed when changing the mounting brackets

In addition the following tool is required when installing the TM4 slim rackmounting kit:

• Phillips screwdriver

3.3 Task ListPlan the work in advance.

The following order is recommended for the installation of FIU19E:1. Install the indoor unit (Chapter 4).2. Connect the Q1 cables, 2Mbit/s main interface cables, and Ethernet

cables (Chapter 6).3. Connect the Flexbus cables (Chapter 6).4. Connect the power cable (Chapter 6).

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4.0 Installing FIU19EThis chapter describes the installation of the FIU19E indoor unit. Thechapter covers:

• installation of FIU19E in a 19-inch rack• installation of FIU19E in an ETSI rack• installation of FIU19E in a slim rack• removal of the FIU19E units

4.1 Installing FIU19E in a 19-inch RackFIU19E is installed in a 19-inch rack using its own mounting brackets. Thebrackets are included in the FIU19E packages.

4.1.1 FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M CapacityThe following parts are needed in the installation:

• FIU19E main unit with mounting brackets (1 U)• four rack nuts and four rack screws (M6x16, Allen-head)

19-inch rack

Mountingbracket (1 U)

Connector panel(see Chapter 6)

Plug-in unit slot 1*



Racknuts

Rack screws

Figure III-2Installing FIU19E 4 - 12 x 2M in a 19-inch rack

To install FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity in a 19-inch rack, put the rackmounting nuts (4 pcs) to the rack and fix the main unit to the rack with fourscrews. Tighten the screws with a 5 mm Allen key.

*) Plug-in unit slots are filled at the factory, according to the configuration ordered

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4.1.2 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity (1+0)The following parts are needed in the installation:

• FIU19E main unit• FIU19E EXU 16 x 2M expansion unit• slim mounting brackets for the main unit (preinstalled in some cases)• mounting brackets for the 16 x 2M 1+0 assembly• backplane 1+0 (for one main unit and expansion unit) and backplane

guide pin• eight M3x10 Torx screws• six rack nuts and six rack screws (M6x16, Allen-head)

Installing FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity (1+0) in a 19-inch rack

Backplane 1+0

Guide pin

M3x10 Torx

M3x10Torx

Mounting bracket for16 x 2M 1+0 assembly

EXU Plug-In Unit slot A:FIU19E 16x2M IC Plug-In Unit

EXU Plug-In Unit slot B:Empty in this installation

Figure III-3Installing FIU19E 16 x 2M 1+0 in a 19-inch rack, phases 1 - 2

To install FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity (1+0) in a 19-inch rack:1. Screw the left and right side mounting brackets to the wanted dept

with two M3x10 Torx screws each.2. Screw the backplane guide pin to its place (Figure III-3). Fix the

backplane to the expansion unit with four Torx screws.

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Figure III-4Installing FIU19E 16 x 2M 1+0 in a 19-inch rack, phases 3 - 6

3. (When applicable) Replace the normal 1U mounting brackets of themain unit with slim brackets. Use the same Torx screws that were usedwith the 1U brackets. The brackets should be as shown in Figure III-4,free hole up, threaded hole down.

4. Remove the cover plate from the back of the main unit.5. Put the rack mounting nuts (6 pcs) to the rack and fix the assembly to

the rack with four screws, first through the lowest bracket holes (FigureIII-4). Tighten the screws with a 5 mm Allen key.

6. Slide the main unit gently to its place above the expansion unit. Fix it tothe rack with the two remaining screws.

4.1.3 FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity and 1+1 protectionThe following parts are needed in the installation:

• two FIU19E main units• FIU19E EXU 16 x 2M expansion unit• mounting brackets for the 16 x 2M 1+1 assembly• two sets of slim mounting brackets for the main units (preinstalled in

some cases)• backplane 1+1 (for two main units and expansion unit) and two

backplane guide pins• eight M3x10 Torx screws• eight rack nuts and eight rack screws (M6x16, Allen-head)

Slim main unitmountingbracket

Cover plate (removed)

Lowest hole

Threaded hole

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Installing FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity and1+1 protection in a 19-inch rack

Mounting bracket for16 x 2M 1+1 assembly

Backplane 1+1Upper guide pin

M3x10 Torx

M3x10Torx

EXU Plug-In Unit slot A:FIU19E 16x2M IC Plug-In Unit

EXU Plug-In Unit slot B:FIU19E 16x2M IC Plug-In Unit

Lower guide pin

Figure III-5Installing FIU19E 16 x 2M 1+1 in a 19-inch rack, phases 1-2

NOTE!If the node has access to an IP-based DCN via 10baseT Ethernet, theEthernet interfaces of both indoor units have to be connected to the LAN.It is recommended to use a hub for setting up these cable connections.

To install FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity and 1+1 protection in a 19-inchrack:

1. Screw the left and right side mounting bracket to the wanted depthwith two M3x10 Torx screws each.

2. Screw the backplane guide pins to their places (Figure III-5). Screwthe backplane to the expansion unit with four Torx screws.

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Cover plate (removed)Slim main unitmounting bracket

Expansion unit

Upper main unit

Lower main unit Secondlowest hole

Figure III-6Installing FIU19E 16 x 2M 1+1 in a 19-inch rack, phases 3-6

3. (When applicable) Replace the normal 1U mounting brackets of themain units with slim brackets. Use the same Torx screws that wereused with the 1U brackets. The brackets should be as shown inFigure III-6, free hole up (upper unit) or down (lower unit).

4. Remove the cover plates from the back of the main units.5. Put the rack mounting nuts (8 pcs) to the rack and fix the assembly to

the rack with four screws, first through the second lowest bracketholes. Tighten the screws with a 5 mm Allen key.

6. Slide the main units gently to their places. Fix them to the rack withthe remaining screws (two each).

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4.2 Installing FIU19E in an ETSI RackFIU19E is installed in a 600 x 300 mm ETSI rack using mounting adapterbrackets. The adapter brackets are installed first, and the units are installedin the rack in a diagonal position. Otherwise the installation procedure inthe ETSI rack is similar with the installation in 19-inch rack.

The space taken by the FIU19E units in the rack is shown in Figure III-7.Two FIU19E units with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity or one FIU19E with 16 x 2Mcapacity can be installed per a set of adapter brackets.

289

217

6315

0

22828

Figure III-7FIU19E in a 600 x 300 mm ETSI rack

The following parts are needed in the installation:• mounting adapter brackets• four rack nuts and four rack screws (M6x16, Allen-head)

To install the ETSI mounting brackets, put the rack mounting nuts (4 pcs)to the rack. Fix the brackets to the rack with two screws each (see Figure III-8). Tighten the screws with a 5 mm Allen key.

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4.2.1 FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M Capacity (1+0)

Figure III-8Installing FIU19E 4 - 12 x 2M in an ETSI rack

To install FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity in an ETSI rack, follow theinstructions in Chapter 4.1.1. Ignore the use of rack mounting nuts. Theyare not needed in this installation. Fix the unit to the rack as shown inFigure III-8.

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4.2.2 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity (1+0)

Figure III-9Installing FIU19E 16 x 2M 1+0 in an ETSI rack

To install FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity (1+0) in an ETSI rack, follow theinstructions in Chapter 4.1.2. Ignore the use of rack mounting nuts. Theyare not needed in this installation. Put the expansion unit to the rack asshown in Figure III-9 and the main unit above the expansion unit (seeFigure III-4).

Mounting bracket for 16x2M 1+0

Backplane 1+0

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4.2.3 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity and 1+1 Protection

Figure III-10 Installing FIU19E 16 x 2M 1+1 in an ETSI rack

To install FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity and 1+1 protection in an ETSI rack,follow the instructions in Chapter 4.1.3. Ignore the use of rack mountingnuts. They are not needed in this installation. Put the expansion unit to therack as shown in Figure III-10 and the main units above and below theexpansion unit (see Figure III-6).

4.3 Installing FIU19E in a Slim RackFIU19E is installed in TM4 (CEPT A type) slim rack using a mountingadapter kit. The mounting kit is installed first, and the units are installed inthe rack in vertical position. Otherwise the installation procedure in TM4rack is similar with the installation in 19-inch rack.

Back plane 1+1


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The mounting adapter kit takes 11 U of space in the rack (Figure III-11).Two FIU19E units with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity or one FIU19E with 16 x 2Mcapacity can be installed in the adapter kit.

The following parts are needed in the installation:• two mounting supports• eight M4x10 Phillips screws

Installing the TM4 mounting adapter

Figure III-11 Installing the TM4 mounting adapter

To install the adapter:1. Place the upper and lower supports as shown in Figure III-11. 14

holes are left between the supports.2. Fix the upper and lower supports to the rack using four M4x10

Phillips screws each.

310 mm

11 U

482.6 mm(19" )

14holes

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Mounting bracket (1 U)Rack screws

4.3.1 FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M Capacity (1+0)

Figure III-12 Installing FIU19E 4 - 12 x 2M in a TM4 slim rack

To install FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity in a slim rack, follow theinstructions in Chapter 4.1.1. Ignore the use of rack mounting nuts. Theyare not needed in this installation. Fix the unit to the rack as shown inFigure III-12.

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4.3.2 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity (1+0)

Figure III-13 Installing FIU19E 16 x 2M 1+0 in a TM4 slim rack

To install FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity (1+0) in a slim rack, follow theinstructions in Chapter 4.1.2. Ignore the use of rack mounting nuts. Theyare not needed in this installation. Fix the units to the rack as shown inFigure III-13.


Backplane 1+0

Slim bracket

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4.3.3 FIU19E with 16 x 2M Capacity and 1+1 Protection

Figure III-14 Installing FIU19E 16 x 2M 1+1 in a TM4 slim rack

To install FIU19E with 16 x 2M capacity and 1+1 protection in a slim rack,follow the instructions in Chapter 4.1.3. Ignore the use of rack mountingnuts. They are not needed in this installation. Fix the units to the rack asshown in Figure III-14.


Backplane 1+1

Slim bracket

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4.4 Removing 19-inch UnitsCAUTION!Switch the power off and disconnect the IDU power supply before remov-ing FIU19E units.

When removing units, follow installation steps in reverse order.

When a main unit is removed from EXU assembly, the two threaded holesin the slim main unit brackets can be used as ejectors. First remove thescrews and drive the same screws into these threaded holes. Tighteningthese screws pushes the main unit free from the backplane.

Figure III-15 Removing 19-inch units

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5.0 Installing Plug-in UnitsThis chapter describes how to install and remove plug-in units of FIU19E.Depending on the configuration ordered, some plug-in units have alreadybeen installed at the factory.

CAUTION!Always use a wrist grounding device or equivalent antistatic protectionwhen handling plug-in units removed from their antistatic packaging.

5.1 Identifying Plug-in UnitsThe following plug-in units are available for FIU19E:

16 x 2M IC (interface circuit) expansion unit, EXU slots A - B4 x 2M 75 & SMB main unit, slots 1 - 34 x 2M 120 & RJ-45 main unit, slots 1 - 32 x 10/100 BaseT main unit, slot 2Aux data main unit, slots 1 - 3Flexbus main unit, slot 3Ethernet main unit, slot 2

NOTE!Aux data plug-in unit cannot be used simultaneously in slots 2 and 3.

NOTE!The Ethernet plug-in unit requires FIU19E C2.0.

The Ethernet plug-in unit supports both hot-swap and hot-plug-in.

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FIU19E Flexbus Plug-In Unit(T55221.01)

FIU19E 4 x 2 M 75 Plug-In Unit(T55220.02)

FIU19E 16 x 2 M IC Plug-In Unit(T55212.01)

FIU19E 4 x 2 M 120 Plug-In Unit(T55220.03)

Plug-in unit screws

Ejector latch

Connectorstowardsbackplane

FIU19E Aux Data Plug-In Unit(T55223.01)

FIU19E 2 x 10/100 BaseTPlug-In Unit(T55320.01)

Figure III-16 FIU19E plug-in units

Plug-in units can be installed only in specified slots according to the plug-in unit type (Figures III-17 and -18).

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Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3

4 x 2M plug-in units

Flexbus plug-in unit

Aux data plug-in units

MP Q1-1 FB1 +DCLMP - + Q1-2 FB2 +DCPWR 10BaseT

Ethernet plug-in unit

Figure III-17 Plug-in unit slots of the FIU19E main unit

When using the FIU19E EXU expansion unit, at least one FIU19E 16x2M ICPlug-In Unit is installed. If the plug-in unit is installed only in EXU slot A,the expansion unit functions as single use 16 x 2 Mbit/s interface unit. Iftwo plug-in units are installed (also in EXU slot B), the expansion unitprovides 1+1 protection.

Figure III-19 16x2M IC plug-in unit (RJ-45 version)

Figure III-18 Plug-in unit slots of the expansion unit

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5.2 Installing a Plug-in UnitChoose the slot you wish to install the plug-in unit in (see Chapter 5.1 forpossible plug-in unit slots).

NOTE!Although the installation and removal of the plug-in units has been de-signed to work without flaws even with the power on, we recommend thatyou switch the FIU19E power off before installing or removing plug-inunits. Note that switching the power off cuts the traffic and resets anyequipment statistics.

NOTE!The power cable of the Flexbus plug-in unit shall not be used.

NOTE!In 1+1 protection, when installing the 16 x 2M IC plug-in unit, turn off thecorresponding FIU19E unit.

Install relevant plug-in units in the following order1. Install 4 x 2M plug-in units in slots 1 - 3.2. Install the Ethernet plug-in unit in slot 2.3. Install the Flexbus plug-in unit in slot 3.4. Install Aux data plug-in units in slots 1 - 3.

In 2 IDU protection, two Aux data plug-in units are needed. Install the Auxdata plug-in units in the corresponding slots of both the protective FIU19Eunits. When FIU19E is used in 1+1 protection mode, connect the auxiliaryinterfaces together with an RJ45-RJ45 branch wire. The use of Aux dataplug-in units in 2 IDU protected mode provides protection for channelsover protected radio path and device faults of FIU19E unit and FlexLinkoutdoor unit, but not for an Aux data plug-in unit itself.

Signals of AUX connectors are introduced in Chapter 6.5. Cables usedwithin Aux data plug-in unit are specified in Appendix A.

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To install a FIU19E plug-in unit:

Figure III-20 Installing a plug-in unit

1. Unscrew the filler plate screws and remove the filler plate from theplace.

2. Push the plug-in unit gently to its place3. Tighten the plug-in unit screws.

NOTE!In addition to the physical installation, the plug-in unit has to be installedlogically with the FlexLink Manager (see Commissioning and Mainte-nance).

5.3 Removing a Plug-in UnitNOTE!In 1+1 protection, when removing the 16 x 2MIC plug-in unit, the corre-sponding FIU19E unit must be turned off.

To remove a FIU19E plug-in unit:1. Unscrew the plug-in unit screws.2. Pull the ejector latch on the plug-in unit to free it from the backplane.3. Draw the plug-in unit gently out of its place.4. Replace the filler plate. / Install a new plug-in unit.

NOTE!In addition to the physical removal, the plug-in unit has to be uninstalledlogically with the FlexLink Manager (see Commissioning and Mainte-nance).

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6.0 Connecting InterfacesThis chapter describes how to connect interfaces of FIU19E. The chapterdoes not contain instructions on making cables and connectors.

6.1 Main Unit

FIU19EMP Q1-1 FB1 +DCLMP - + Q1-2 FB2 +DCPWR

10BaseT

Figure III-21 Interfaces of the main units

FIU19E has the following items marked on the front panel (Figure III-22):MP: Measurement point interface (SMB connector)LMP: Local management port (RJ-45 connector)PWR: Power switch- + : Power supply connectorQ1-1: Q1 network management interface (RJ-45 connector)Q1-2: Q1 network management interface (RJ-45 connector)FB1 +DC: Flexbus interface 1, with power feed to the outdoor unit

(TNC connector)FB2 +DC Flexbus interface 2, with power feed to the outdoor unit

(TNC connector).

In addition, the front panel has three indicator LEDs: two green onesbeside the Flexbus interfaces, and one tricolour beside the power switch.

6.1.1 Flexbus (TNC Connector)If the power cable is already connected, verify that the Flexbus ODU powersupply is off (Flexbus LEDs are off). If this is not the case, turn the powersupply off with the FlexLink Manager (see Commissioning and Mainte-nance) or turn the power off at FIU19E power switch.

Connect the coaxial Flexbus cables to the Flexbus interfaces (50 TNCfemale).

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6.1.2 Q1 (RJ-45 Connector)Connect the Q1 cables to the Q1 interfaces Q1-1 and Q1-2 (TQ connector).Two interfaces allow chaining the Q1 bus to other equipment at theequipment station. See Product Description for details.

Q1-1 Q1-2

1 834 5 672 RJ-45 connector3456

Q1 out+Q1 in+Q1 in-Q1 out-

Figure III-22 Q1 interfaces

FIU19E contains a shunt switch which ensures that when the Q1 signal ischained, the chain does not break even if the power supply to a FIU19E unitis lost or switched off.

When FIU19E is used in 1+1 protection mode and the Q1 bus is chained,connect the Q1 cables to the Q1-1 port of the indoor unit A and Q1-2 portof the indoor unit B.

6.1.3 Power (Molex Micro-Fit 3.0 Connector)Connect positive battery voltage (VPB) and negative battery voltage (VNB)to the power supply connector (Figure III-23). The power input is of afloating type. The power can be drawn from enhanced power supplyadapter (EPSA), for example.

1 VPB (+)2 VNB (-)3 not connected4 not connected12

34

Figure III-23 Main unit power supply interface

Power cable (2.5 m) with Molex connector is included in the FIU19Epackage. The other end of the cable is open.

When FIU19E is used in 1+1 protection mode, connect the power supply toboth units.

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6.1.4 Local Management Port (RJ-45 Connector)When managing the node locally with the FlexLink Manager, connect thecommunication cable to the local management port. See Commissioningand Maintenance for details.

LMP

1 834 5 672 RJ-45 connector456

GNDLMP inLMP out

Figure III-24 Local management port (LMP)

When FIU19E is used in 1+1 protection mode, the communication cablecan be connected to either unit (unless a fault has occurred).

6.1.5 MP (SMB Connector)Measurement point (SMB connector) output can be used for monitoringdifferent signals from the FIU19E indoor unit. The signals can be selectedwith the FlexLink Manager. See Commissioning and Maintenance fordetails.

6.1.6 LAN Interface (RJ-45 Connector)A 10 BaseT Ethernet connection is used when Network Element Manage-ment information (SNMP) is transported towards the network managementcentre via a standardised Ethernet connection (10Mbit/s).

10BaseT Ethernet

1 834 5 6 72 RJ-45 connector1236

Data out+Data out-Data in+Data in-

Figure III-25 LAN interface

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6.2 4 x 2M Plug-in Units and 16 x 2M Expansion Unit2 Mbit/s interfaces are located in the 4 x 2M plug-in units or in the 16 x 2Mexpansion unit.

Figure III-26 Interfaces in the 4 x 2M plug-in units with SMB connector

6.2.1 2 Mbit/s Unbalanced 75 Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Interfaces (SMB Connector)Connect the 2 Mbit/s unbalanced cables to the unbalanced interfaces (twocables per 2 Mbit/s channel).

6.2.2 2Mbit/s Balanced 120 ΩΩΩΩΩ Interfaces (RJ-45 Connector)Connect the 2 Mbit/s balanced cables to the balanced interfaces (one cableper 2 Mbit/s channel).

1 83 4 5 6 72

1 Out + 2 Out - 4 In + 5 In-

Figure III-28 2M balanced interface of RJ-45 connector

1 2 3 4IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT

Figure III-27 Interfaces in the 4x2 plug-in unit with RJ-45 connectors

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6.3 Ethernet Plug-in UnitThe Ethernet plug-in unit has two Ethernet interfaces with RJ-45 connec-tors. Shielded CAT5 balanced or a better cable must be used for cablingEthernet interfaces.

Figure III-29 Ethernet plug-in unit

CAUTION!The Ethernet plug-in unit is not compatible with equipment providing“Power over Ethernet».Pins (4, 5, 7 and 8) on the Ethernet plug-in unit interfaces (ETH-1/ETH-2)are terminated to improve noise margin.

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6.4 Flexbus Plug-in UnitFlexbus plug-in unit has two Flexbus interfaces and a power supply inter-face. Power supply shall never be connected in any FlexLink. A powersupply is not necessary if the Flexbus cables are connected to other indoorunits.

Figure III-30 Interfaces in the Flexbus plug-in unit

6.4.1 Flexbus (TNC Connector)Make sure no ODU is connected to the Flexbus on the plug-in unit.

Connect the coaxial Flexbus cables to the Flexbus interfaces (50 Ω TNCfemale).

6.4.2 Additional power supply (Molex Micro-Fit 3.0 Connector)CAUTION!This connector shall not be used in any FlexLink configuration.

FB3 FB4DC IN

+

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6.5 Aux Data Plug-in UnitThe Aux data plug-in unit has four auxiliary interfaces (RJ-45 connector).Input and output of these interfaces can be selected with the FlexLinkManager. See Commissioning and Maintenance for details.

Interface Pin Pin name Signal / directionAS V11 1 GroundASCK 2 ASOUTP V.11 (Aux slow RX +) / out

3 ASOUTN V.11 (Aux slow RX -) / out4 ASINP V.11 (Aux slow TX +) / in5 ASINN V.11 (Aux slow TX -) / out6 ASRXCKP V.11 (Aux slow clock RX direction) / out7 ASTXCKP V.11 (Aux slow clock TX direction) / out8 DOUT0 +/- Relaycontrol / out

AF V11 I/0 1 Ground2 AFOUTP V.11 (Aux fast RX +) / out3 AFOUTN V.11 (Auxfast RX -) / out4 AFINP V.11 (Auxfast TX +) / in5 AFINN V.11 (Auxfast TX -) / in6 DIO0 Digital I/O (TTL) /in/out7 DIO1 Digital I/O (TTL) /in/out8 DOUT1 +/- Relay control / out

AS RS 1 GroundAFCK 2 AFTXCKP V.11 (Aux fast TX direction +) / in/ out

3 AFTXCKNV.11 (Auxfast TX direction -) / in/out4 AFRXCKP V.11 (Auxfast RX direction +) / out5 AFRXCKNV.11 (Auxfast RX direction -) / out6 RXD232 RS-232 (aux slow RX) / out7 TXD232 RS-232 (aux slow TX) / in8 DOUT2 +/- Relay control / out

AF703 I/0 1 Ground2 703RXP G.703 RX 64 kbit/s, coding HDB3 / out3 703RXN G.703 RX 64 kbit/s, coding HDB3 / out4 703TXP G.703 TX 64 kbit/s, coding HDB3 / in5 703TXN G.703 TX 64 kbit/s, coding HDB3 / in6 DIO2 Digital I/O (TTL) / in/out7 DIO3 Digital I/O (TTL) / in/out8 DOUT3 +/- Relay control / out

Figure III-31 Interfaces in the Aux data plug-in unit

AS V11ASCK

AF V11I / O

AS RSAFCK

AF703I / O

!" #$%&'($%&' #!

Grounding1) Power requirement90W - 2 x OU+1 x FIU19E60W - 1 x OU+1 x FIU19E

2) In this site, positive supply voltage is grounded. Negative voltage could be grounded as well.

Outdoorunit

FB2 +DC

FIU 19E

Flexbusinterface

FB1 +DC

+48...+60 V

Power supply FIU 19EFloating input

Power supply secondary side is galvanically isolated from primary side

-40.5...-72 V 1)

Mast

2)

Flexbuscables

_

+

Flexbusplug-in unit

FB3FB4

##"# ) !

##*"# ) !*") +,-'.!

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SECTION IV

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1.0 About this DocumentThis document describes the commissioning and maintenance of FlexLinkmicrowave radio. Many commissioning and maintenance actions are car-ried out using the FlexLink Manager software.

The document contains the following instructions:• introduction to FlexLink Manager• commissioning the FlexLink network element• managing alarms• maintaining• upgrading.

Refer to the installation documents (included in this manual) for instruc-tions on installing the FlexLink outdoor unit and indoor unit. Fine align-ment of the antenna, a part of the commissioning phase, is described inOutdoor Unit Installation document.

NOTE!Screenshots included are representations only. The actual node managerprogram may differ slightly from the shots depicted.

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2.0 FlexLink ManagerThis chapter describes the principles of operating the FlexLink Managersoftware; how to install and start the Manager program, connect to anetwork element, and exit the program. This chapter also shows the basicfeatures contained in FlexLink Manager, that is, toolbar, printing, andonline Help.

2.1 Installing the ManagerThis Chapter describes how to install FlexLink Manager on the hard disk ofyour computer.This description assumes that:

• You have FlexLink Manager on CD-ROM or access to Nera MemberServices at www.nera.com

• The computer meets the system requirements given in the ‘TechnicalSpecifications’ chapter of the Technical Description document.

• Windows 95/98, Windows 2000, Windows XP or Windows NT 4.0Workstation has been correctly installed.

• You are familiar with the version of Windows you are using.• If you are installing under Windows NT, Windows 2000 or Windows

XP, you have administrator rights.

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2.1.1 Installing from CD-ROMTo install FlexLink Manager from CD-ROM:

1. Start Windows. It is recommended that you close all other applica-tions before starting the installation.

2. Insert the CD-ROM into the drive.3. If the autoplay function is activated, the installation program starts

automatically. Otherwise, click the Start button, and then click Run.After the Run dialog box opens, click Browse. Find the CD-ROMdrive and look for the file Hinstall.exe. Double click on the file. Youare back in the Run dialog box. Click OK and the installation programbegins.

4. From the program you can choose to read the installation notes orinstall the manager.

5. Click Install and follow the on-screen instructions.6. Depending on the configuration of your computer it may be neces-

sary to reboot the computer during the installation process.If installing the GCS Q1 communication component the computermay require a reboot when that component installation is completed.After this reboot the installation program requires restarting beforeinstalling FlexLink Manager.Both GCS and FlexLink Manager need to be installed to configureand control the FlexLink radio.

NOTE!When you are installing the FlexLink Manager in Windows NT, Windows2000 or Windows XP Professional, make sure that you have appropriateprivileges. Only an ADMINISTRATOR user is able to perform the installa-tion.

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2.1.2 Installing from Nera WebTo install FlexLink Manager from Nera Web:

1. Start Windows. Close all other applications before installing FlexLinkManager.

2. Extract the installation package that was downloaded fromwww.neraworld.com to a temporary location in your PC.

3. Locate the file HSetup.exe in the installation root directory. Doubleclick on the file and the installation program begins.

4. Click Install and follow the instructions on screen.5. Depending on the configuration of your computer it may be

necessary to reboot the computer during the installation process. Ifinstalling the GCS Q1 communication component the computer mayrequire a reboot when that component installation is completed.After this reboot the installation program requires restarting beforeinstalling FlexLink Manager.

NOTE!When you are installing the FlexLink Manager in Windows NT, Windows2000 or Windows XP Professional, make sure that you have appropriateprivileges. Only an ADMINISTRATOR user is able to perform the installa-tion.

2.1. UninstallingTo remove FlexLink Manager from your system, open the WindowsControl Panel and use Add/Remove Programs to remove the manager.See Windows Help or manuals for further information.

NOTE!Removing FlexLink Manager does not remove any data files you havecreated. Because of this the FlexLink Manager directory structure may notbe removed either.

2.2 Connecting the Communication CableIf FlexLink Manager is used for local management, the computer must beconnected to the indoor unit using the communication cable. The cable hasa D9 (female) serial connector at one end and an RJ-45 connector at theother.

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Figure IV-1Connecting the communication cable

Connect the RJ-45 connector to the local management port (LMP) of theindoor unit. Connect the other end to COM1 or COM2 port (sub D-9connector) of the PC.

PC + FlexLink Manager software

Q1 LMP Cable

15

69

234

78

1 nc2 RD3 TD4 nc5 GND6 nc7 nc8 nc9 nc

D9 (female) on the cable

GND = groundRD = received dataTD = transmitted datanc = not connected

RJ-45

D9F

FIU 19E

RJ-45 connector456

GNDLMP inLMP out

LMP

MP Q1-1 FB1 +DCLMP - + Q1-2 FB2 +DCPWR

10BaseT

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2.3 Getting StartedThis Chapter assumes that:

• FlexLink Manager is installed on your computer (for installationinstructions see Chapter 2.1)

• You have read the README.TXT file which contains important lastminute information.

Tips• Make backups of all important files on your PC, including the

FlexLink Manager data files. The most recent backups are the best.• The Equipment View window is your connection to the managed

network element or node file. Closing the window closes yourconnection.

Notes• Many of the changes or actions that can be performed in FlexLink

Manager do not take place until they have been sent to the node.• Do not set the refresh time to a small value when monitoring alarms or

other items. This can place undue strain on the Q1 bus and delayother events or applications. The default refresh time is 60 seconds.

Equipment viewThe Equipment View window is opened whenever you are managing anetwork element or virtual node file (see Figure IV-2). The window displaysthe configuration of the managed network element. This window is also theconnection to the network element. If this window is closed, the connec-tion is closed.

The window shows the basic information about the network element, itsname and address, etc. Figure IV-2 is a graphical representation of thenetwork element. This shows the number and configuration of indoorunits, plug-in units, outdoor units and Flexbus connections.

This window can also be used to access the settings and identifications ofeach unit. Pressing the right mouse button while the mouse pointer is overa unit displays a menu.

The status information for the radio hop and the LED status of the func-tional entities of the node can also be shown in this window. This informa-tion is updated periodically. The settings for this automatic refresh can bechanged from the View Settings controls in the window.

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NOTE!If you are connected to the network element by a low-speed connection, itmay be better to disable this status information as it blocks the Q1 bus.

Figure IV-2FlexLink Manager window

NOTE!The LED indicators in the Equipment View window show the status of eachfunctional entity of the node. They are not the same as the front panelLEDs.

2.3.1 Starting FlexLink ManagerTo start FlexLink Manager:

1. Start the computer and Windows.2. On the Start menu, click Programs → Nera Application → FlexLink

Manager or in Windows2000/XP Programs → Nera → FlexLinkManager.

When FlexLink Manager is started, the FlexLink Manager window ap-pears. From this window you can reach all windows in the manager. Noother windows are initially open.

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2.3.2 Using HelpFlexLink Manager offers a comprehensive context-sensitive online Helpwhich is available at all times.

To access the Help system use one of the following methods:1. Press F1 from any window or dialog box. The appropriate Help topic

opens in the Help window.2. Click Help → FlexLink Manager Help Topics on the menu.3. Click the FlexLink Help program icon on the Windows Start menu.

Help is found under Programs → Nera Applications → FlexLinkHelp. You can then select the required topic.

For further information on using Help, refer to Microsoft Windows Help ormanuals.

2.3.3 SecuritySecurity in FlexLink is governed by the network element.

Setting access rightsIf security settings are in use, no configuration changes, temporary orpermanent, can be made to the network element.

A password must be entered in order to make changes to the networkelement. The password gives you access rights which allow you to makechanges until the rights expire. The timeout for the access rights is set inthe Settings dialog box.

To configure security settings or to switch the node security off perma-nently, click Configure → Node Security → Settings.... Clear the Usesecurity box to isable security.

To gain access rights, enter the password when prompted by FlexLinkManager or click Configure → Node Security → Activate Access Rights...and enter the password.

To cancel access rights, click Configure → Node Security → CancelAccess Rights. No further changes can be made to the network element.

If you forget your password, contact the Nera Customer Services.

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To change the password:1. Select Configure → Node Security → Settings → Change

Password.2. Type in the old password.3. Type in the new password.

2.3.4 ToolbarThe toolbar provides shortcuts to commonly used menu items.

The toolbar is normally displayed under the menu bar at the top of theFlexLink window. The toolbar can be switched on or off by clicking Tools→ Options → Toolbar on the menu.

Figure IV-3FlexLink Manager toolbar

Table IV-1 Toolbar tools list

Item Name Description1 New Creates a new file to manage2 Open Opens an existing file3 Save Saves the current file4 Print Prints current management data5 Cut Cuts data to the clipboard6 Copy Copies data to the clipboard7 Paste Pastes data from the clipboard8 Connect locally Connects via LMP to a network element9 Disconnect Closes the connection10 Refresh Refreshes the equipment data11 Send Sends changed data12 Cross-connection Views/edits the cross-connections list13 Alarms Views current alarms14 Statistics Displays network element statistics

All functions of the toolbar can be performed either through the FlexLinkManager menus or by pop-up menus in each window.

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2.3.5 Status BarThe status bar appears at the bottom of FlexLink Manager window. Thestatus bar shows messages for the selected menu command or operation,and the current target for management. The messages displayed in thestatus bar can be of the following types:

• Help messages, which relate to the currently selected menu or toolbarbutton. Press F1 to open Online Help.

• Status messages, which inform you about the current status of theactions.

• Information on the current node connection or file.

Some of the secondary windows of FlexLink Manager also have their ownstatus bars. These are described in Help, related to the window in question.

The status bar can be switched on or off by clicking Tools → Options →Status Bar on the menu.

Figure IV-4FlexLink Manager status bar

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2.3.6 Menu OverviewAll FlexLink Manager functions can be accessed through the applicationmenus. The main functions under the menus are briefly described in FigureIV-5.

File Creating and managing filesPrinting files

EditGeneral Windows edit commands

ManageLaunching the commissioning wizardManaging connection to a NE

Configure

Cross-connectionsCross-connections

Alarms Managing alarmsDisplaying alarm history

Tools

Windows

Help

Menu (example)Main functions under the menu

Sizing windows

Online Help

Script toolManager options, status bar, toolbar

MaintenanceTroubleshooting tools: tests, loopbacks, forced controls, measurement interfacePerformance monitoring: measurements, statistics, error countersSoftware upgrading

Configuring identifications and settingsSecurityConfiguration reportNetwork settings

Figure IV-5Overview of the FlexLink Manager menus

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2.3.7 PrintingYou can print the information in the currently active window to the defaultWindows printer. The window is printed in text format.

To print the information in a window:1. Select the window you want to print. If the window is not open, it can

be opened from the toolbar or menu.2. Click File → Print… on the menu.

In a similar way, you can export information in the active window to a textfile. To do this, click File → Export File….

You may also print screens and windows as a graphic picture usingMicrosoft Windows. See the Windows Help or manuals for further infor-mation.

2.4 Working Offline/Configuring a Virtual NodeYou have twomodes for using FlexLink Manager, online and offline. Onlinemode manages an actual network element and any changes are madedirectly to the equipment. Offline mode allows you to manage a virtualnode (see also Chapter 3.4). All the configuration information is saved tothe node file, except for the fault settings. Measurements and performancestatistics are also unavailable. This node file is a representation of a realnetwork element.

By using this feature it is possible to create a template which can be used tocommission numerous installations with similar configurations. You canalso use this to make changes to an installation while at the office beforegoing into the field.

To create a new virtual node file, click File → New. Alternatively, whilemanaging an actual network element, click File → Save As… to save animage of that network element to disk. The file is saved with a defaultextension of .NOD and can be stored wherever you prefer. This fileprovides a basis for a virtual node or can be used as a backup.

To work on an existing file click File → Open….

When creating a virtual node file for the first time, you must specify theequipment configuration. When managing an online node, the configura-tion is read directly from the equipment.

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To send the settings of a node file to the local network element, connect theLMP cable (see Chapter 2.2) and click Manage → Send All.

NOTE!When in offline mode, FlexLink Manager does not verify the enteredconfiguration. The configuration is verified with the actual equipmentwhen it is sent to the node. If the created configuration does not corre-spond to the actual installed equipment, a warning message is displayed.

2.5 Establishing a Connection to the NodeOverview of connecting via Ethernet connection (LAN)The Ethernet connection can be used to obtain faster connection toFIU19E node.

NOTE!Commissioning Wizard is not available when using Ethernet connection.

1. Setting FIU19E Ethernet connection parameters2. Setting Connection Tool Ethernet connection parameters3. Connecting via Ethernet connection

Setting FIU19E Ethernet connection parametersCheck the preconditions from Overview of connecting via Ethernet con-nection (LAN).

1. Start FlexLink Manager2. Connect to FIU19E node via LMP. For instructions see, Connecting

locally.3. Set FIU19E Ethernet interface IP address (for example, 192.168.1.50)

For instructions, see Chapter 3.6.9 SNMP settings.4. Set FIU19E Ethernet interface Subnet mask (for example, 255.255.255.0)

For instructions, see Chapter 3.6.9 SNMP settings.5. Set FIU19E 2k protocol user name and password. For instructions

see, 2k Protocol in Chapter 3.6.9 SNMP settings.

Setting Connection Tool Ethernet connection parameters1. Start FlexLink Manager2. Open Connection Tool using the menu Manage → Connect...

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Figure IV-6Connection Tool

3. Click the Properties button to start configuring the connection

Figure IV-7Connection Properties dialog box4. Type in the name for the new connection (for example, FIU19E -

192.168.1.50)

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5. For the connection type select Q1 Pipe Connection6. Click Network Parameters text in the Connection Definition list, and

click the Properties button

Figure IV-8Properties dialog box for network parameters

7. In Host Name field, type in the FIU19E IP adress (for example,192.168.1.50)

8. In Port field, type in the FIU19E TCP port number (for example,27500)

9. In Network Parameters Properties window, click OK10. In the Connection Definition list, click Q1 Pipe Parameters text and

click the Properties button

Figure IV-9Properties dialog box for Q1 pipe parameters

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11. In User Name field, type in the FIU19E 2k protocol user name12. In User Name field, type in the FIU19E 2k protocol password13. In Q1 Pipe Parameters Properties window, click OK14. In Connection Properties dialog, click the Save button

Connecting via Ethernet connectionConnect the PC and FIU19E with crossed Ethernet cable or using Ethernethub.

NOTE!The PC IP address must be set to the same subnet as the FIU19E IPaddress.

1. Start FlexLink Manager2. Open Connection Tool using the menu Manage → Connect...

Figure IV-10 Connection Tool

3. In Connection Tool dialog box, enter 1 (one) to Q1 addressfield in the Node Parameters part of the dialog box

4. In the Connection Tool dialog box, click the Connect button toestablish the Ethernet connection

Connecting via Q1 addressTo access the network element when you know its Q1 address:

1. Click Manage → Connect...

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Figure IV-11 Connection Tool

2. Define the needed parameters or select a previously configuredconnection according to your network configuration

3. In the Connection Tool window, click the Connect button toestablish the Ethernet connection

Managing far-end via LMPYou can manage the following aspects of the remote radio in the radio hopby using the FlexLink Manager connected to the local management port(LMP) of the indoor unit:

• displaying graphical status in the Equipment view (LEDs, Rx level,Tx/Rx activity)

• reading current alarms• managing basic identifications (for example HW and SW product

codes and versions)• configuring radio hop (capacity, frequency, and interleaver status)• managing 2M loops• viewing performance managent results (measurements, counters, and

G.826 statistics)• downloading new software releases.

1. Start FlexLink Manager2. Create a local connection3. To open the far-end management, position the cursor on the far-end

unit and click the right mouse button.

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NOTE!This use of this feature is dependent on the indoor unit and is not support-ed by all indoor unit types. Only units directly involved in the radio hopcan be managed. This does not include any plug-in units at the far-end.

Closing connection to a node• Click Manage → Disconnect on the menu

2.6 LMP Far-end ManagementYou can manage some aspects of the remote radio in the radio hop by usingthe FlexLink Manager connected to the local management port (LMP) ofthe indoor unit.

To open the far-end management, position the cursor on the far-end unitand click the right mouse button.

2.6.1 Performance MonitoringThe performance of the remote terminal in the radio hop can be monitoredalong with the near-end units.

AlarmsAlarms for the far-end units directly involved in the radio hop can bedisplayed. This includes, for example, the indoor and outdoor unit func-tional entities that are part of the hop.

Measurements and error countersAll error counters for the far-end units are displayed and the user can alsoselect various measurements for the far-end units.

StatisticsStatistics for the far-end functional entities involved in the radio hop canbe displayed.

2.6.2 IdentificationsBasic identification information about the remote units involved in theradio hop can be displayed.

2.6.3 Configuration for FlexLinkThe configuration of the FlexLink radio hop can be changed. These config-urations include the capacity, the frequency and interleave status. Newcommissioning is needed whenever the configurations are changed.

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3.0 Commissioning FlexLinkThis chapter gives instructions on the commissioning of FlexLink. Allbasic commissioning settings are done with FlexLink Manager, whichcontains a commissioning wizard to aid in the tasks. In addition to thesettings made with the manager, the antenna is fine-aligned during thecommissioning.

3.1 PrecautionsThe following prerequisites must be fulfilled before starting the commis-sioning:

• The equipment has been installed in accordance with the installationinstructions in this manual and the antenna has been pre-aligned tothe farend station.

• You have the necessary tools to fine-align the antenna (see OutdoorUnit Installation).

• You have a PC with communication cable and FlexLink Managerinstalled on it (see Chapter 2.1). It is also recommended that youfamiliarise yourself with the operation of the manager beforehand.

CAUTION!Before setting on the Tx power to the outdoor unit, make sure that theequipment has been set to the Tx channel frequency and capacity (seeChapter 3.3) given by the local authorities. This should be done to avoidtransmitting on a wrong or too wide a radio channel, and thus, interferingwith other radio transceivers.

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3.2 Work Order3.2.1 FIU19E

The following work order is recommended when commissioning a FlexLink.1. Switch the power on (see Chapter 3.3).2. Connect the LMP cable between the PC and the indoor unit (see

Chapter 2.2) and start FlexLink Manager (see Chapter 2.3.1).3. Set up the connection to the network element (see Chapter 2.5) and

run commissioning wizard (see Chapter 3.4).4. Fill in the basic settings in the wizard (see Chapter 3.4).

• Give the site information (optional).• Select station type and protection mode.• Set Flexbus (outdoor unit) capacities.• Set Q1 and LMP port baud rates and addresses.• Select the Q1 bus routing.• Set the transmit frequency, maximum transmit power, and

interleaving status.• Set installation information (optional) and the node clock.

5. Fine-align the antenna (see Chapter 3.5).6. Make the cross-connections with the FlexLink manager.

• FIU19E: using FlexLink Manager (see Chapter 3.7)Preferred work order for making settings:1. Select required capacity for both Flexbus interfaces: 2x2M,

4x2M, 8x2M or 16x2M2. Reserve capacity for Ethernet traffic from EPIU settings menu for

one or both radio directions, and make other settings for EPIU.3. Set up E1 cross-connections.

7. Make any additional settings with the FlexLink manager (see Chapter3.6). These settings can include:

• ALCQ/ATPC• identification data.• node IP address

8. Reset the statistics and the error counters (see Chapter 3.9).9. Monitor the hop for at least half an hour (see Chapter 3.8.3).10. Save a copy of the node to a file (see Chapter 2.4).11. Back up the IDU and ODU configurations (recommended in

2IDU+2ODU protected mode, see Chapter 3.6.4 and 3.6.5).12. Run the Commissioning Report from the manager.13. Export the alarm log to a file (if needed). (See Chapter 4.1 and 5.2).14. Close the connection to the node (see Chapter 2.5).

Steps 6 - 7 can also be performed the other way around.

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3.2.2 2IDU + 2ODU protected modeWhen FlexLink is used in 2IDU+2ODU protected mode, the commissioningis started in a slightly different order. The steps presented below replaceSteps 1 - 3 in Chapter 3.2.1.

1. Switch the power to IDU A on (see Chapter 3.3), but leave IDU Bswitched off.

CAUTION!Ensure that the IDU B is switched off.

2. Connect the LMP cable between the PC and the IDU A (see Chapter2.2) and start FlexLink Manager (see Chapter 2.3.1).

3. Set up the connection to the network element (see Chapter 2.5).4. Run the commissioning wizard (see Chapter 3.4) and set the

protection mode to 2IDU+2ODU Protected.Make other protectionsettings, if required. Press Finish and answer Yes to the questionabout resetting the indoor unit.

5. After FlexLink Manager has performed the reset wait 30 seconds andswitch the power to IDU B on.

6. Wait 30 seconds so that IDU B has started and is operating correctly.Either Refresh the Equipment View in FlexLink Manager orclose the connection and open it again.The Equipment View shows now two indoor units and the expansionunit (although some equipment may appear ghosted/disabled).

7. Start the commissioning wizard and complete the commissioning byfollowing steps 4 - 13 in Chapter 3.2.1.Do not change the protection mode after both indoor units have beenswitched on.

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3.3 Switching Power On3.3.1 Indoor Unit (FIU19E)

Switch the power to the indoor unit by pressing the FIU19E power switch(PWR). Indicator LEDs are lit (see Chapter 4.3). If the Flexbus ODU powersupply is set on, the outdoor units are powered too.

FIU 19EMP Q1-1 FB1 +DCLMP - + Q1-2 FB2 +DCPWR 10BaseT

Figure IV-12 FIU19E power switches

The setting for the ODU Tx power is located in the outdoor unit. If the ODUTx power has been set on (factory setting is off), the outdoor unit startstransmitting immediately when it is powered. To avoid transmitting acci-dentally (see Chapter 3.1), we recommend that you set the ODU Tx poweroff before moving any outdoor unit.

If you are unsure of the Flexbus ODU power setting or the ODU Tx powersetting and wish to avoid unintentionally transmitting when the IDU poweris switched on, do the following before switching the power on:

1. Disconnect the Flexbus cables. Switch power on at the power switch.If a Flexbus LED starts blinking, the ODU power supply for thatparticular Flexbus interface is on.

2. Connect to FIU19E and commission with the wizard. In theappropriate dialog box, set the Flexbus ODU power supply off. Checkthat the Flexbus LED also goes off.

3. Switch the power off at the power switch.4. Connect the Flexbus cables. Switch power on at the power switch.5. Run the commissioning wizard again.

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3.4 Commissioning with the WizardCommissioning is the process of bringing a newly installed network ele-ment into use. This configures the system for operational use and definesall the system parameters needed for basic functions. If necessary, thecommissioning process can also be performed on a previously commis-sioned network element.

To commission a network element, click Manage → Commission.... Thisstarts the commissioning wizard.

The commissioning wizard is also used when creating a virtual node fileusing the command File → New... on the menu. In this situation it isnecessary first to create the equipment structure to be used. The commis-sioning wizard (New File Wizard) first asks you to select the indoor units,plug-in units, and outdoor units for your virtual node file. After a node filehas been created and saved, it is possible to reconfigure the file and itsequipment structure by clicking Configure → Node File... on the menu.

The wizard contains several pages. Each page requests information aboutthe structure of the equipment to be used in the file. Some pages may notappear depending on the equipment structure present in the networkelement or the way the wizard is used. There is a brief hint on each page, butmore detailed help is also available by pressing the F1 key or pressing theHelp button on each page.

NOTE!The commissioning wizard defines the minimum number of settings re-quired for an operational network element. To access the other settingsand identification information click the appropriate item from the FlexLinkManager Configure menu. See Chapter 3.6.

Commissioning settingsWhen commissioning the network element online, fill in the followingsettings:

1. Check for any connected outdoor units by selecting the appropriateFlexbus interfaces from the list and clicking → Start. This turns onthe Flexbus power. FlexLink Manager notifies you when anyconnected outdoor units are found (see Figure IV-13).If you know that the Flexbus power is already on (for example, it canbe seen on the Equipment View window), you can bypass thescanning process and move to the next page.

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Figure IV-13 Flexbus scanning page

2. Enter the site information (optional):• equipment name• group name• site name• site location.

3. Select the station type and protection mode (see Figure 14). SeeTechnical Description for more information on the available protec-tion methods and station types.

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Figure IV-14 Station type and protection mode page

4. Select if the Flexbus interfaces are in use and set their capacities.5. Select the settings for the outdoor units connected to each Flexbus

interface:• Tx frequency• Maximum Tx power• Tx power on/off• Interleaver status (optimal, depth-4 is recommended).

6. When you have entered all the required settings a summary ofcommissioning settings is displayed. It contains all the settings youhave defined for the radio(s). Check that the settings are correct andclick Next to send the settings to the node. You can also go back incase you want to adjust the settings on previous pages.

7. After sending the commissioning settings, you can check the hopstatus of all the connected outdoor units. For each Flexbus interfacethe connected outdoor unit is shown along with its current state andreceived input level.

NOTE!The status of the hop is not ready before both ends of the hop arecommissioned successfully.

10. On the last page you can set the node clock and installationinformation for the units. After you have done this, click Finish tocomplete the wizard.

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3.5 Aligning the AntennaThe fine-alignment of the antenna is performed after the transmit frequencyhas been set. The outdoor unit at the other end of the hop must be pre-aligned to this station and must be sending a signal on the correct frequen-cy. Align the antenna according to instructions found in Outdoor UnitInstallation part of this manual.

NOTE!ALCQ must be off during the alignment (see Chapter 3.6.4).

After the both ends of the hop have been fine-aligned once, it may benecessary to repeat the alignment to get the best performance. In theoptimal situation, there is a crew working at both ends of the hop. This wayproblems with antenna alignment can be fixed more easily.

When the antennas have been aligned for the radios at both ends of theradio hop, verify that the Rx-input level determined by the transmissionplanning is met.

To access the measurements, click Maintenance → Performance → Meas-urements on the menu. The Rx-input level is also shown in the EquipmentView if the status information display is enabled.

If the input level remains below the values calculated in the transmissionplanning, this may be caused, for example, by incorrect antenna alignment(antenna aligned to the side lobe, for example).

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3.6 Configuring Identifications and SettingsAll FlexLink unit identifications and settings are accessed through theConfigure menu of FlexLink Manager. Alternatively, the pop-up menuscan be used.

To view or change unit identifications, click Configure → Identifica-tions..., and then select the appropriate unit on the Select Object dialogbox (Figure IV-15). A window detailing the identifications of the selectedunit opens. Click Modify to open a window detailing the identifications ofthe selected unit.

Figure IV-15 Select Object dialog box

To view or change unit settings, click Configure → Settings..., and thenselect the appropriate unit on the Select Object dialog box (Figure 15).Click Modify to open a window detailing the settings of the selected unit.

The changes you make are sent to the node as you click on the OK buttonat the bottom of the dialog box in question.

NOTE!If certain settings are changed (for example, transmit frequency or Flexbuscapacity), also the settings of the terminal at the other end of the hop haveto be changed correspondingly. Certain options are disabled while config-uring a virtual node.

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3.6.1 IdentificationsIdentifications are displayed separately for the network element, and eachfunctional entity (IDU, ODU, plug-in unit).

User defined identifications for a network element or a unit can includenotes on the installation, for example. Identifications used in alarm displaycan also be changed. Some of the information cannot be altered because itis read directly from the equipment.

To change the identifications of a functional entity, type in the desiredidentification in the box.

3.6.2 Network Element SettingsTo view or change network element settings, select Network Element inthe Select Object dialog box and click the Modify button. The NetworkElement Settings dialog box opens. Click the tabs to switch betweenpages.

Figure IV-16 Network Element Settings dialog box

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Operation ModeTo change the station type, protection equipment, protection method, orprimary ODU in a protected setup select the value from the list. SeeTechnical Description for more information on the available protectionmethods.

NOTE!The indoor unit must be reset before changes to the protection settingstake effect (see Chapter 3.6.5).

NOTE!When using 1-antenna HSB protection, configure the radio connected tothe coupler input with lower insertion loss as the primary ODU transmitter(see Outdoor Unit Installation).

Local Management Port (LMP)To change the Q1 group address, Q1 address, or baud rate of the LMP,type in the desired value or select it from the list. See Technical Descrip-tion for more information.

Command TimeoutsControl is the time period after which forced controls automatically expireand the network element resumes normal operating mode. Confirm is thetime period during which confirmation is required for certain commands.

To set values for command timeouts, type in the desired value (control60...6500 seconds, confirm 60...600 seconds).

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3.6.3 General Unit SettingsPerformance managementMany of the units that contain configuration settings also have perform-ance management settings. The performance management settings includevarious threshold values for alarms as well as gating times for BER meas-urements.

On the Performance management page of the unit Settings dialog box youcan check and edit these performance management settings.

To edit a value in performance management settings1. Open the Settings dialog box for the required unit.2. From the dialog, choose the Performance Management page.3. Select a Supervision block and then the value in the main list.4. Press the Edit button to change the value.

Figure IV-17 Performance management settings

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Configuration backupThe FlexLink supports configuration backup. This feature makes it possi-ble to create a backup copy of important unit configuration information toother units in the network element. This information can be restored toquickly commission a unit which is replaced, or in case of an error.

Backups can be made automatically, or manually with the FlexLink Manag-er. Restorations are done manually with the FlexLink Manager.

On the Configuration Backup page of the unit Settings dialog box you canconfigure the automatic backup feature or manually perform the backupand restoration.

To set the automatic backup, select Automatically backup unit settings.Once this has been done, any changed unit settings is backed up. There isa short delay between the change and the backup.

Figure IV-18 Configuration backup settings

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NOTE!User notes are not included in the backup.

NOTE!Always disable automatic backup before replacing a unit.

Manual actionsTo backup the settings manually, click Backup settings now.

To restore the settings for a unit, click Restore settings now.

In some cases, when restoring settings, some other action may be requiredbefore the settings are taken into use. For example, if restoring a protectedconfiguration of FIU19E to an indoor unit, it may be necessary to reset theunit before the protection setting is activated.

Always perform a reset, if the node is managed with SNMP. The resetcauses a traffic cut.

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3.6.4 Outdoor Unit SettingsTo check or change outdoor unit settings, select an outdoor unit on theSelect Object dialog box. The FlexLink Settings dialog box opens (Figure19). Click the tabs to switch between pages.

Figure IV-19 FlexLink Settings dialog box (in single use)

RadioOn the Radio page you can make the transmit power, transmit frequency,ALCQ, and interleaving settings for the outdoor unit(s).

In a protected setup, some settings are common to both radios, dependingon the protection method (HSB or diversity).

To turn the transmit power on/off, select/clear the Tx power check box.

To change the transmit frequency, type the new value in the Tx frequency(kHz:) box or click the arrows to adjust the frequency.

Frequency step is read from the equipment. In offline mode the step is 1kHz.

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To change the transmit power, type the new value in the Maximum Txpower (dBm): box or click the arrow to adjust the power.

Minimum and maximum values for the transmit power are read from theequipment.

To switch ALCQ on/off, select/clear the ALCQ check box.

For the ALCQ to function, you must set a value in the ALCQ set point (dB):box. This value can be obtained from transmission planning.

To change the interleaving mode, select a new value from the Interleavestatus: box.

Possible values for interleave status are Off, Depth 2, and Depth 4. SeeTechnical Description for more information on interleaving. Note that theoutdoor unit stops transmitting while this setting is being changed. Changethe setting accordingly also at the other end of the hop.

Performance managementSee Chapter 3.6.3 for more information on Performance management.

Configuration backupSee Chapter 3.6.3 for more information on Configuration backup.

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3.6.5 Indoor Unit SettingsTo check or change indoor unit settings, select FIU19E on the SelectObject dialog box. The Indoor Unit Settings dialog box opens (Figure IV-20). Click the tabs to switch between pages.

The content of the dialog box varies, depending on the equipment config-uration.

Figure IV-20 FIU19E Settings – FIU19E dialog box

InterfacesOn the Interfaces page you can set the Flexbus interface capacity andoutdoor unit power supply.

It is not necessary to set the transmission capacity separately for theoutdoor unit. When the capacity is set for the Flexbus interface, the ODU isautomatically configured to this capacity.

To set the Flexbus interface in use, select the In use box.

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If the Flexbus is not in use, payload is cut and all Flexbus signal alarmsdeactivated. Statistics and BER measurements are not collected. However,the outdoor unit can still be managed.

To change the Flexbus capacity, select the new capacity from the list.

In protected mode, a capacity common to both protected outdoor units isdisplayed.

CAUTION!Changing the Flexbus capacity also changes the capacity of the connectedoutdoor unit(s). An incorrect value may cause you to exceed your licensedbandwidth and interfere with other links.Capacity of the outdoor units at the both ends of the hop must be set to thesame value.

To switch the ODU power supply on/off, select/clear the ODU Powersupply box.

Hardware resetOn the Hardware Reset page you can perform a reset of the indoor unit.This reset is necessary in some cases before settings take effect. Thisincludes the protection settings.

Click Send the reset command to reset the indoor unit.

NOTE!Hardware reset cuts all traffic until the equipment has restarted.

AISOn the AIS page you can select alarm indication signal (AIS) to be sent to2 Mbit/s interfaces when the bit error rate (BER) exceeds the defined value.

To set the AIS feature, first check the box AIS to 2M interfaces when BERalarm active. Configure the alarm using the threshold setting and gatingtime.

To set the bit error rate threshold at which the BER alarm is activated, selecta value from the list (from 10-3 to 10-7).

To set the gating time (the time period used for the calculation of the BER),select a value from the list (from 1 to 30 seconds).

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NOTE!If you want optimal performance and changeover switching times in pro-tected modes, do not set the AIS feature on.

Performance managementSee Chapter 3.6.3 for more information on Performance management.

Configuration backupSee Chapter 3.6.3 for more information on Configuration backup.

3.6.6 Ethernet Plug-in Unit SettingsEthernet-tabFigure 21 shows settings for those two Ethernet ports of Ethernet plug-inunit (EPIU). Both of EPIU ports can be configured separately to work in thefollowing operating modes: Auto-negotiation, 100 Mbits/s Full Duplex, 100Mbits/s Half Duplex, 10 Mbits/s Full Duplex or 10 Mbits/s Half Duplex.Auto-negotiation is the default mode.

Interface in use setting allows enabling/disabling the interface. If theinterface in use setting is off, that interface is kept in link down state.

On the port settings window there is also an enable/disable setting for LinkLoss Forwarding functionality (LLF). The LLF cannot be used when EPIUoperates in full switch mode.

Flow control functionality can be switched on/off separately for bothEthernet ports. Flow control is supported only if Ethernet interface is in fullduplex mode. For example in capacity sharing mode it is possible to useflow control either on both channels or on just one channel or it can bedisabled on both channels.

NOTE!Interface in use setting disables traffic also to SIO interface. Thus it is safeto use interface disable function safely in channel separation mode.

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Figure IV-21 Ethernet-tab in EPIU settings window

Operation mode-tabFigure IV-22 shows EPIU settings window for operating mode selection.Three operating modes are available: Channel separation, Full switch andShared capacity.

Shared mode settings are only available when Shared capacity -mode isselected.

In that mode the user can select which Serial IO channel (SIO) is used fortransferring Ethernet traffic. In unprotected radio hop configurations SIO1is connected to Flexbus 1, and SIO2 is connected to Flexbus 2 (more detailsabout this is presented in FlexLink Technical Description).

In figure IV-22, it is possible to detect that SIO1 is selected for transmittingEthernet traffic in capacity sharing mode. Capacity sharing ratio is set to128/256 of SIO1 capacity, it means that links Ethernet capacity is sharedevenly between both Ethernet ports. In this example both interfaces get2048 kbits/s of links capacity.

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NOTE!When capacity sharing is used the capacity sharing-ratio needs to be thesame on both sides of the radio hop.

NOTE!When capacity sharing mode is used, the user has to use same Flexbusinterface on both sides of the radio hop. For example use FB1 for capacitysharing on both sides of the hop.

Figure IV-22 Operating Mode-tab in EPIU settings window

SIO-tabFigure IV-23 shows Serial IO (SIO) settings for EPIU. SIO is a serial datachannel inside Flexbus.

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Figure IV-23 SIO-tab in EPIU settings window

This setting window is used for selecting how much of the radio linkscapacity will be dedicated for Ethernet traffic. EPIU supports the use of tworadios for Ethernet traffic, thus there are two channels whose capacity hasto be configured.

SIO capacity can be configured in between 0-32 Mbits/s with 2 Mbits/sgranularity. SIO capacity cannot exceed radio links capacity. Also, whenE1 signals are carried over the same radio link, the total capacity of E1 andSIO traffic cannot exceed radio link’s capacity.

If you want to increase SIO capacity inside Flexbus, you have to check thatthe E1 cross-connections are not overlapping with the part of Flexbuscapacity that is reserved for SIO traffic.

NOTE!SIO capacity, over the radio link, has to be configured similarly for EPIUson both sides of the radio hop. Otherwise the Ethernet traffic will not gothrough.

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Flexbus BER-tabIt is possible to set BER alarm’s thresholds and gating time separately forboth SIO interfaces. If the number of errors exceeds BER alarm’s thresholdduring gating time, an alarm is activated. It is also possible to disable thepacket traffic over the radio path when selected BER level is exceeded. Thiscan be done by selecting: «Disable SIO interface when BER alarm isactive».

E1 traffic is not easily harmed by bit errors on the radio path. It can tolerateBERvalues < 1e-3 without too much deterioration of voice quality. Thesituation is somewhat different for packet-based traffic. Ethernet packetgets corrupted even if one bit is faulty in the Ethernet frame. This may leadto a situation where majority of packets are faulty (and are thus dropped) atmuch smaller BER ratios than 1e-3. Though, on radio links the bit errors arenot evenly distributed and errors appear in bursts, thus the packet traffic isnot so much affected by large BER values on radio path.

Figure IV-24 Flexbus BER-tab in EPIU settings window

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3.6.7 Flexbus Plug-in Unit SettingsTo check or change the settings of the Flexbus plug-in unit, select a plug-in unit on the Select Object dialog box. A dialog box for the settings opens.Click the tabs to switch between pages.

The dialog box has pages for the Interfaces, Performance management,and AIS settings. The setting options on these pages are the same asdescribed in Chapter 3.6.5.

In single mode, the Interfaces page of the dialog box contains only set-tings for Flexbus 3. The Flexbus 4 interface is only available for use in 1IDUprotection modes.

3.6.8 Aux Data Plug-in Unit SettingsThe Aux data plug-in provides two auxiliary data channels which supporta variety of data formats and speeds. With one plug-in unit, you can useone Aux fast channel and one Aux slow channel at the same time. Themaximum bit rate of these channels depends on the transmission capacityof the signal. In addition, four TTL type programmable I/O channels(software controlled) and/or relay control outputs can be used. Relaycontrols can be used to turn on equipment rack lights, for example. To aFlexbus, one fast and one slow auxiliary channel can be connected simulta-neously.

To check or change the data channel settings of the Aux data plug-in unit,select a plug-in unit on the Select Object dialog box. A dialog box for thesettings opens. Click the tabs to switch between pages.

See also Chapter 4.2 on how to program the digital inputs and outputs ofthe plugin unit. See Technical Description for more information on theavailable auxiliary data channels.

Fast channelTo set the fast auxiliary channel in use, select In use. Select the interfacemode from the list. Select also the required protocol and interface baud rate.

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Figure IV-25 Aux data plug-in fast channel settings

To commission a fast auxiliary channel1. Select the fast channel settings from Aux plug-in settings:

• in use• interface mode• additional interface settings (mode settings).

2. Configure the channel connections.Connect the fast channel to a Flexbus interface (see Figure IV-25).

Connecting Async V.11Pins used:

• AFOUTP (out)P (positive) at the end of the abbreviation stands for +5 V signal.

• AFOUTN (out)N (negative) at the end of the abbreviation stands for 0 V signal.

• AFINP (in)• AFINN (in).

Additional settings: none

Slow channelTo set the slow auxiliary channel in use, select In use. Select the interfacemode from the list. Select also the required protocol and interface baud rate.

The slow channel settings appear as the fast channel settings given inFigure 25. However, the slow channel supports different data rates andinterface modes.

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To commission a slow auxiliary channel1. Select the slow channel settings from Aux plug-in settings:

• in use• interface mode• additional interface settings (mode settings).

2. Configure the channel connections.Connect slow channel to a Flexbus interface (see Figure IV-28).

Connecting Async V.11Pins used:

• ASOUTP (out)• ASOUTN (out)• ASINP (in)• ASINN (in).


Connecting Async EIA-232Pins used:

• RXD232 (out)• TXD232 (in).


Channel connectionsThe channel connections control the routing between the fast and slowchannels and the Flexbus that is used to transmit the channel.

To change the channel connections, press the button for the appropriateFlexbus. This creates the connection from the channel to the Flexbus. Toremove the connection, either press another button or the same one again.

NOTE!When several aux data plug-in units are used, only one aux slow channeland one aux fast channel can be connected simultaneously to the sameFlexbus.

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Figure IV-26 Aux data plug-in channel connection settingsWhen a fault occurs in the Flexbus interface and the auxiliary data channelis cut, the AIS is connected to both the fast channel and the slow channel.

When AIS is detected in the fast channel interface, the alarm Alarm signalreceived is activated. Note that this alarm is only activated in case of anAIS for the fast channel; it is not supported for the slow channel.

Digital I/ORefer to Chapter 4.2.

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3.6.9 SNMP SettingsThis Chapter describes how to configure or change SNMP related settings.All FIU19E specific SNMP related settings are accessed through the Con-figure → Network Settings menu of the FlexLink Manager.

General SNMP settingsTo view or change general SNMP settings, select Configure → NetworkSettings and select the SNMP Settings tab (see Figure IV-27).

Figure IV-27 SNMP settings

• Generic fault managementClick the first checkbox to activate Warning notification suppression.This may be needed in management systems that cannot cope withwarning traps never being cleared.

Click the second checkbox Enable SNMP alarm history to activate thealarm history for SNMP management systems.

NOTE!The Enable SNMP alarm history checkbox should be disabled for otherthan SNMP network management systems.

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• Community stringsTwo SNMP community strings can be configured. One string for Read-Only access (such as SNMP Get, Get-Next or Get-Bulk requests) andone for Read-Write access (such as SNMP Set and Get, Get-Next or Get-Bulk requests).

NOTE!The community strings are case sensitive. Check that you have exactly thesame string in all FIU19E units and in the management system.

• PortsUsed SNMP standard ports for traps and other services that can beread but not modified.

Routing TableThe routing table is used to configure static IP routes in the FIU19E. An IProute is identified by IP route destination, net mask and the next hop(gateway).

Figure IV-28 Routing table dialog

Destination This is the destination of the route.Net mask The range of IP addresses handled by the present route.Next hop The IP address of the next hop. FIU19E sends all IP packets

handled by the present route to this IP address.

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Click the New button to create a new static IP route. To modify an existingIP route, select it and click Modify. Click Copy to create a copy of an existingentry. To remove routing table entries, select the respective entry and clickRemove selected.

NTP Servers

Figure IV-29 NTP servers dialog

Enable NTP Enables/disables the NTP functionality of the FIU19E.Index The index of the entry in the NTP server table.Preferred Use this setting to prioritise the different NTP server entries.

Note that only one table entry can be set to preferred at thesame time.

Address The IP address of the NTP server.Status Shows the current status of the NTP server table entry. Can

be used to enable, disable and delete an NTP server tableentry.

Timezone Enter the offset in minutes to UTC for the local timezonehere.

Click the New button to create a new NTP server entry. To modify anexisting entry, select the respective entry and click the Modify button. Toremove an NTP server entry, select the respective entry and click Removeselected.

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TFTP Servers

Figure IV-30 TFTP Server dialog

Check the Enable TFTP Server checkbox to enable the TFTP Serverfunctionality of the FIU19E.

Trap destination settingsTo view or setup destinations for SNMP traps, select Configure → Net-work Settings and select the Trap Destinations tab. You can setup up tofive destinations. For a detailed explanation of the trap destinations, referto the standard RFC 2021 (RMON2-MIB), which is obtained upon re-quest.

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Figure IV-31 Trap destination settings

To add a new trap destination, click the New button. The settings, youneed to enter to setup a new entry, are:

Index Value of the SNMP table index (RMON2 trapDestIn-dex), is used to identify the table row via SNMP.

Community string Destination community string is expected by the tar-get management system for incoming traps.

Address IP address of the target management system.Port number Port number for incoming traps in the target manage-

ment system.Owner string String to identify the entity that is assigned to this

entry (for example, the management system’s name,location or ID).

Status The status switch allows you to alter the trap desti-nation status from active to not in service, and viceversa. Traps are only sent to active trap destina-tions, while destinations with not in service statusare ignored.

To modify a configured trap destination, select the entry to be changedand click the Modify button. All trap destination settings can be modified inthe upcoming window, except the SNMP table index.

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To copy trap destination settings to a new entry, click the Copy button.

NOTE!The trap destination index is a unique identifier according to the standardRFC 2021 (RMON2-MIB). Therefore it needs to be modified in the upcom-ing window.

To remove a complete trap destination entry, select the row and click theRemove selected button.

Ethernet management interface settingsTo view or change general Ethernet Interface settings, select Configure →Network Settings and select the Ethernet interface tab:

Figure IV-32 Ethernet interface settings

• IP addressIP address of the FIU19E

• Subnet maskSubnet mask of the FIU19E’s Ethernet interface.Given its own IP address and subnet mask, a host (here the FIU19Edevice) can determine if an IP datagram is destined for a host on itsown subnet or not.

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Default gateway settingsTo view or change Default Gateway settings, select Configure → NetworkSettings and select the Default Gateway tab:

Figure IV-33 Default gateway settings

• Default gatewayIP address of the FIU19E’s default gateway.

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Point-to-Point interface settingsTo view or change Point-to-Point Interface settings, select Configure →Network Settings and select the PPP Interface tab (In the PPP interfacewindow, you can configure parameters related to the IP configuration ofthe Point-to-Point interfaces. The FIU19E uses PPP links for IP manage-ment of other FIU19E situated at the far-end of FlexLink radio links. Therecan be one PPP link per radio hop):

Figure IV-34 PPP Interface settings

IP address IP address of the PPP interface.Subnet mask Subnet mask of the PPP interface.Enable interface Check the box to enable the related PPP link for the

microwave radio link. The PPP interfaces can be mappedto Flexbus channels 1 to 3. Each Flexbus channel can beused for one PPP interface.

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2K protocol settingsTo view or change 2K Protocol settings, select Configure → NetworkSettings and select the 2K Protocol tab (The 2K Protocol is a proprietaryNetwork Management Protocol via IP data links to connect FlexLink Man-ager):

Figure IV-35 2K protocol settings

Port number TCP port number to connect to the FIU19E via IP. Defaultvalue is 27500.

Timeout Specifies the time in seconds how long the socket con-nection is kept reserved after the last command.

Max. sessions Specifies the maximum number of simultaneous sessionsconnected to the same node. By increasing this numbermore users can connect to the same node.

NOTE!When you change the IP address of the node, it can take up to theconfigured timeout until the current IP socket connections is reestab-lished.

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To view or change 2K protocol security settings, select Configure →Network Settings and select the 2K Protocol tab:

User name Identifying the connecting user. The user name must matchwith the configured GCS connection tool user name settingsof the FlexLink Manager.

Password Changing current password settings. The password mustmatch the configured GCS connection tool password of theFlexLink Manager. To change the password settings, enterthe current password and specify a new password. To verifythe new settings you have to confirm the new passwordbefore it is activated.

3.6.10 Configuration ReportFlexLink Manager provides a configuration report which can be viewed inthe Report View window.

To get a report of the entire network element configuration, click Configu-ration → Configuration Report. When prompted, select the level of detailand the report is displayed. The report can also be printed or exported to atext file.

3.7 Cross-ConnectionsA cross-connection bank defines how the 2 Mbit/s signals are routedbetween Flexbus interfaces in a node. FIU19E can contain up to four cross-connection banks. Only one bank is active at a time and you must make theswitch to the other bank manually.

New cross-connection settings do not take effect until they have been sentto the node (Manage → Send). Also, the Send function needs to beselected when removing or modifying an existing cross-connection.

In 2IDU+2ODU protection, copying a cross-connection setting to a pas-sive unit takes about one minute. During copying, the operation alarmOperation mode: Fault in change-over function is active.

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3.7.1 Editing Cross-ConnectionsThere are two methods of editing the cross-connection banks. The first isvia a graphical interface, the other by editing a list.

Graphical interfaceTo open the window, click Cross-connections → View on the menu. Youcan toggle between the graphic and list views by checking/uncheckingCrossconnections → Graphic view or the check box on the toolbar.

The window contains one page for each cross-connection bank. Theconnections themselves are shown as lines between each of the Flexbusconnector points. The selected connection is shown in red, the others inblack. The selected connection points are also highlighted (Figure IV-36).

In 1IDU+2ODU and 2IDU+2ODU protection modes, common cross-con-nections for the protected Flexbus interfaces are displayed (Figure IV-37).

Figure IV-36 Graphic view of cross-connections

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Figure IV-37 Example of cross-connections in 1IDU+2ODU protectionmode

To create a new connection graphically:Method one:

1. Click the first connection point so that it is highlighted.2. Click the second connection point.3. Click the Send button.

The new connection is shown.Method two:

1. Click Cross-connections → Add Connection on the menu or from thetoolbar. The Add Connection dialog box opens.

2. Type in the new cross-connection name.3. Select the number of cross-connections to add.4. Pick the two connection points for the start and end of the connec-

tion. These points are also first of consecutive cross-connections ifmultiple connections were chosen.

5. Click the Send button.

Before adding a new connection both connection points must be free.Also, when multiple cross-connections are added in the same operation allconnections have their name generated automatically.

List interfaceAs an alternative to using the graphical interface there is also a list basedmethod for editing cross-connections. This can be easier to use if, forexample, you do not have a mouse on your computer. For more information,see Online Help.

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Renaming a cross-connectionCross-connections can be named when they are added.

To change the name given, select the connection or connections you wishto rename and click Cross-connections → Rename connection or use thetoolbar. This opens the Edit Connection Name dialog box.

Deleting a cross-connectionTo permanently delete a cross-connection from a bank, select the connec-tion or connections you wish to delete and click Cross-connections →Remove connection.

Before deleting the cross-connections you are asked if you want to goahead with the deletion.

3.7.2 E1 Cross-Connection Window for FIU19E C2.0Figure IV-38 shows E1 cross-connection window for FIU19E C2.0.In the figure, Flexbus 1 is set to operate in 16x2M mode and Flexbus 2 isoperating in 8x2M mode. Some of the 2M channels inside Flexbus arecolored with dark green that means that those 2M channels are dedicatedfor Ethernet traffic. Channels that are colored white can be used by E1traffic. Inside FB1 there is 24 Mbits/s reserved for Ethernet traffic andrespectively 10 Mbits/s inside FB2. Rest of the capacity is left for E1signals.

NOTE!It is expected that the user first reserves capacity for Ethernet traffic fromEPIU settings menu (see Chapter 3.6.6) and then add cross-connections forE1 signals. This has to be done because SIO capacity is reserved startingfrom the lowest 2Mchannel inside Flexbus.

NOTE!In this example, it is not possible to increase Ethernet traffic capacity forFB2 unless some of the E1 cross-connections are removed inside FB2.If you use Extension Unit (EXU) for E1 traffic, you see sixteen E1 connec-tions available at the bottom of the screen. Flexbus 3 cannot be used forEthernet traffic unless FIU19E works in 2ODU protected mode.

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Figure IV-38 Cross-connection window for FIU19E

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3.7.3 Editing cross-connection banksA FlexLink network element can contain up to four banks of cross-connec-tions. These banks can be created, copied, activated, renamed, and deletedwhile in either of the cross-connection windows. To apply any of theseactions you have to click the Send button.

Click Cross-connections → Banks to open the Cross-connection bankmanagement dialog box, which displays a list containing all the crosscon-nection banks with their status.

Creating a new bankTo add a new cross-connection bank, click the Add bank... button. A dialogappears for naming the bank. After giving the new bank a name it is addedto the list.

Copying a bankTo copy one bank into another, click the Copy bank... button. This is usefulif you want to create another cross-connection bank with only minordifferences from the original.

Activating a bankClick the Activate bank button to change the currently active bank ofcrossconnections in the node to the one which you select from the list.

Renaming a bank labelTo change the label of a bank, click the Rename bank... button. Each bankname must be unique.

Deleting a bankTo permanently remove a bank from the network element, select the bankyou wish to delete from the list and click the Delete bank button.

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3.8 Verifying Commissioning3.8.1 Commissioning Measurements

FlexLink Manager can be used to produce a report that includes a list of thebasic settings and information about the network element. You can alsotake an additional report which contains statistics and commissioningmeasurement results. However, a report on other items or longer termmonitoring of the radio hop must be done manually.

To create a commissioning report:1. Select Manage → Commissioning Report.2. Select the items to be included in the commissioning report. Click

Next.3. Select a name for the file and where to save it. Click Next.4. The commissioning report is prepared in approximately 10 minutes.

Click Finish.

Figure IV-39 Commissioning report

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3.8.2 Measuring the Fading MarginNOTE!Fading margin measurement cuts regular transmission over the radio hop.

To measure the fading margin, click Configure → Settings and select aFlexLink outdoor unit on the Select Object dialog box. From the Radiodialog box page click the Fading Margin...button and the Measure FadingMargin dialog box opens. Click Do Measurement... and the measurementbegins. Result is displayed in a list. Each time a measurement is made it isadded to the list so that any changes are easily apparent. The number ofresults returned depends on the operating mode of the network element.Also note that the Fading Margin value should not be confused with theALCQ set point value used with ALCQ.

3.8.3 Monitoring the HopWe recommend that you monitor the hop for at least half an hour after allsettings have been made at both ends of the hop. Reset the statistics andthe error counters (see Chapter 3.9) and let the hop operate for half an hour(or longer, if desired). After the time has passed, check that the signalquality statistics and the error counters do not show any undesired values(see Chapter 5.2.).

If the signal quality is OK (unavailability time = 0) and there are nounexpected alarms, the commissioning of the hop is complete. If thereoccurs any unavailability time during the monitoring, repeat the monitor-ing.

3.9 Resetting the Statistics and Error CountersThe radio compiles statistics in accordance with the ITU-T recommenda-tion G.826. The statistics should be reset immediately after commissioning.Later on, the statistics should be read and reset at regular intervals (1month, for example).

The error counters of the indoor unit and the outdoor unit must also bereset immediately after commissioning.

To reset the signal quality statistics and the error counters, click Mainte-nance → Performance → Reset Counters on the menu.

The use of statistics and error counters is described in more detail inChapter 5.2.

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4.0 Managing AlarmsA number of different alarms can be generated by a FlexLink networkelement. FlexLink Manager is able to provide you with the followinginformation about any alarm that has occurred in the node:

• Severity classification of alarm:- Critical (***) = critical alarm is used to indicate a fault situation

which requires immediate measures to be taken. A critical alarmindicates possible service degradation.

- Major (**) = major alarm is used to indicate a fault situation whichrequires some measures to be taken during normal working hours.

- Minor (*) = minor alarm is used to indicate a fault situation whichdoes not require any measures to be taken by the user. The alarm iscancelled when the fault situation is over.

- Warning (W) = warning can be used to give the user information ofsome event. A warning is not an alarm, and it does not indicate afault. A warning is not cleared.

• Class classification by event: A, B, C, or W.• Time date and time when the alarm was detected.• Location the location (functional element) in the node where the

alarm occurred.• Description a brief description of the alarm.

Alarm messages are listed in Appendix A.

4.1 Reading and Cancelling AlarmsAll current alarm information is shown in the Alarm window. Serviceindicator LEDs and hop status information can be shown in the equipmentview window. These indicators are controlled from Tools → Options →Manager Options.

To open the Alarms window, click Alarms → View. After the windowopens, a list of current alarms is shown. To keep this list updated, activatealarm monitoring by clicking Alarms → Monitor. You can change the timedelay for the monitoring in Tools → Options → Manager Options or inAlarms ¡æ Window Options.

You can refresh the alarm information also manually by clicking Manage →Refresh when the Current Alarms window is active or by using thewindow toolbar.

NOTE!Avoid setting the alarm monitoring delay to a small value when monitoringa network element remotely. This places a strain on the Q1 bus resourcesand causes delays for other activities.

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Figure IV-40 Alarms window

The Current Alarms window lists the alarm details as described previous-ly. The alarms are also colour-coded and their state shown symbolically asgiven in Table IV-2.

Severity Class New Acknowledged Cleared Colour

Critical(***) A RedMajor (**) B OrangeMinor (*) C YellowWarning (W) W Blue

Table IV-2 Classification of alarms

You can sort the alarms by clicking on the column heading in the window.To sort the alarms in reverse order, click a heading twice. By default thealarms are listed by Time.

Alarms can be visually acknowledged so that you can easily see whichalarms are new and which you have already seen.

To view past alarms which have occurred in the network element, you canopen the Alarm History window. This window shows a list of past alarms,including those which have been cleared. This window can be opened byclicking Alarms → History.

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To mark an alarm as acknowledged:1. Select the alarm in the list to be acknowledged.2. Click Alarms → Acknowledge on the menu or use the window

toolbar.The symbol for this alarm changes to the bell symbol with the tick in thecorner ( ).

To remove the acknowledgement mark:1. Select the alarm in the list to be unacknowledged.2. Click Alarms → Unacknowledge on the menu or use the window

toolbar.The symbol for the alarm changes back to the bell ( ).

NOTE!Alarms which have the bell symbol and a cross ( ) have been cleared fromthe node.

4.2 Fault SettingsFault settings control the settings for individual alarms in the networkelement and also the operation of external alarms with the Aux data plug-inunit.

To access the fault settings, click Alarms → Fault settings... on the menu.Click the tabs to switch between pages. Using this control it is possible toalter the settings for particular alarms and also to attach an alarm to a PI(Programmable Interface) bit which is used with the Aux data plug-in unitto associate alarms with external events.

The input can be used for raising an alarm when, for example, the cabinetdoor is opened or for relaying alarms from other vendor’s equipment. Theoutput can be used for relaying an alarm to other vendor’s equipment. Theassociated relay control outputs can be used for turning on equipment racklights, for example.

4.2.1 Alarm SettingsFrom the alarm settings you can change the current state of an alarm toeither normal, forced on or forced off. Usually an alarm should be left in thenormal state. This allows the alarm to be activated/deactivated as variousfault conditions arise in the network element.

In some cases, such as testing, it may be necessary to force an alarm on or

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off. When an alarm is forced off, it is not activated, even if a fault conditionarises which would normally cause that particular alarm. If an alarm isforced on, it is always active.

Programmable Interface (PI) bits are also associated with each alarm. Theycan be used with the Aux data plug-in unit to connect the FIU19E toexternal alarm devices such as display lights. Each alarm can be connectedwith up to eight PI bits. These bits are then connected to one of theinterfaces on the Aux data plugin. In this way, it is possible to collectalarms into up to eight categories. Each of these PI bits can be connected toactivate one particular Aux data plug-in output.

Note that the PI bits are only accessible for indoor unit alarms. The outdoorunit alarms do not support this feature.

To select an alarm to be configured, choose the appropriate functionalentity, supervision block (SB), and then the alarm fault code (FC) from thelist in the dialog. To change the status of the alarm, click one of the buttons:Normal, Forced on, or Forced off.

To connect the alarm to a PI bit, select the bit(s).

Figure IV-41 Alarm settings in fault settings dialog box

NOTE!When using SNMP management, disturbance alarms (<1 second) are sentas warnings.

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4.2.2 PI Bit Cross-ConnectionsThe PI (Programmable Interface) bit cross-connections determine which ofthe Aux data plug-in I/O (input/output) lines are activated when an alarmwith that PI bit set becomes active. Because the FIU19E can support up totwo different Aux data plug-in units (in single mode), up to eight differentI/O lines can be available.

Note that only Aux data plug-in I/O lines which are configured as outputscan be used for creating connections with the PI bits.

To create a connection between a PI bit and an I/O line of the Aux dataplug-in unit, click on the buttons at the two end points for the connection.To delete a connection, click one of the end points and press the DEL key,or use the pop-up menu.

Figure IV-42 PI bit cross-connections in Fault Settings dialog box

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4.2.3 Aux Data Plug-in I/O Line SettingsThe I/O lines of the Aux data plug-in are used to connect an external deviceto FIU19E.

For an I/O line to operate, it must be marked as being in use, as well as givena normal state and either an operation mode input or output.

I/O lines marked as outputs can be used together with the PI bits toconnect various alarms to an external device. If an I/O line is marked as aninput, it always causes an alarm event in the Aux data plug-in when that I/O line becomes active. The alarm is Active alarm point for the particularline.

To set the I/O line configuration, select the appropriate Aux data plug-inunit by pressing the button on the left of the dialog for the Aux data plug-in unit. There is one button for each present Aux data plug-in.

When an Aux data plug-in is selected, the rest of the page displays all theI/O line ettings for that plug-in unit. These settings can then be modified asrequired.

Each I/O line must be configured correctly, which means that it must havea normal and an active state set. The normal state is configured under theState and the active under the Active setting. There are High and Lowoptions for each.

Commissioning fault settings with the Aux plug-in unitThe following are examples of how to configure the external alarm interfaceof the Aux data plug-in unit.

Alarm inputsTo commission the alarm input of the Aux data plug-in unit

1. Open the Fault Settings dialog and select the Aux plug-in I/O LineSettings page.

2. Configure the settings of the selected I/O pin:• In use• Input operation• Input/output polarity active high or low.

The I/O pins are DIO0..3 in TTL level input use.

NOTE!The alarm appears for example as SLOT1A:AUX I/O1 Active alarm point.

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Alarm outputsTo commission the alarm output (max 8) of the Aux data plug-in unit

1. Open the Fault Settings dialog and select the Aux plug-in I/O LineSettings page.

2. Configure the settings of the selected I/O pin:• In use• Output operation• Input/output polarity active high or low.

3. Select Alarm settings page of the Fault Settings dialog.• Select an indoor unit alarm to be followed by the Aux data plug-in

output I/O pin.• Connect the alarm to a programmable interface (PI) bit.

4. Select PI Bit Cross-connections page of the Fault Settings dialog.Crossconnect the particular I/O pin to the PI bit.


To commission a user controllable output of the Aux data plug-in unit1. Open the Fault Settings dialog and select the Aux Plug-in I/O Line

Settings page.2. Configure the settings of the selected I/O pin:

• In use• Output operation• Input/output polarity active high or low.

3. Select PI Bit Cross-connections page of the Fault Settings dialog.Ensure that the particular I/O pin is not cross-connected to any PI bit.

4. Select Aux Plug-in I/O Line Settings page. Set output state to high orlow to control the output state of the particular I/O pin.


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Figure IV-43 Input/output settings in fault settings dialog box

4.3 Service LEDsIn addition to the alarms which a network element can produce, mostfunctional entities also have LED indicators. These indicators display thecurrent state of the equipment as a quick on-site reference.

4.3.1 FIU19E Main LEDA tricolour LED is located on the FIU19E main connector panel. WhenFIU19E is used in single (1+0) mode the LED indicates the following:

LED SituationRED One or more data lines are not operating correctly.

The fault can be in indoorunit itself and/or in one ormore outdoor units. The fault can also be in far-endunit(s).

YELLOW The indoor unit and/or one or more outdoor units haveactive alarm(s). The data is transmitted in thisconfiguration, but may not be transmitted in otherconfigurations or if another failure occurs. The overallperformance capability is reduced. Active alarm(s) canalso be in far-end units.

GREEN Both terminals over this hop are operating normally andno alarms are active. A blinking green LED indicatesthat there is a connection to the node manager.

Table IV-3 FIU19E LED in 1+0 mode

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When FIU19E is used in 1+1 protected mode, the LEDs indicate thefollowing:

Table IV-4 FIU19E LEDs in 1+1 mode

IDU1 LED IDU2 LED Situation(Active) (Passive)RED RED Data is not transferred. Both protected

paths are faulty.IDU1 RED LED indicates that data is nottransferred.IDU2 RED LED indicates that one oremore unit(s) including far-end unit(s),have critical alarm(s) active.

RED YELLOW Impossible.RED GREEN Impossible.YELLOW RED Data is transferred, but protection is lost.

IDU1 YELLOW LED indicates that data istransferred normally, but protection is lost.IDU2 RED LED indicates that one oremore unit(s) including far-end unit(s),have critical alarm(s) active.

YELLOW YELLOW Impossible.YELLOW GREEN Impossible.GREEN RED Impossible.GREEN YELLOW Data is transferred.

IDU1 GREEN LED indicates that data istransferred normally and protection isenabled.IDU2 YELLOW LED indicates that one oremore unit(s) including far-end unit(s),have major or minor alarm(s) active.

GREEN GREEN All units in this NE are OK.

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LED SituationNo light No power feed or Tx signal (but an IDU-IDU c

onnection may be active).Blinking GREEN DC power feed to the outdoor unit active, Tx

signal not active.Continuous GREEN DC power feed to the outdoor unit and Tx signal

active.

4.3.2 Flexbus LEDA green LED is located beside each Flexbus interface. The LED indicatesthe following:

Table IV-5 Flexbus LED

4.3.3 Ethernet Plug-in Unit LEDsThere are two green LEDs on the EPIU front panel. These LEDs indicatetraffic activity and Ethernet link status for both Ethernet interfaces. Also, ifFIU19E is in reset status, then the Ethernet plug-in unit is initialised andLEDs will blink once to indicate that initialisation is done. The initialisationof EPIU will take about 20 seconds.

Table IV-6 Ethernet plug-in unit LEDs

LED SituationNo light Ethernet link status is down, Ethernet cable may

be broken or the Ethernet interface is disabled.Blinking GREEN Ethernet link has been established and the

interface is ready to receive traffic. This is notindicating that the radio link is establishedcorrectly.

Continuous GREEN Indicates that the interface is receiving ortransmitting Ethernet packets, but it is notguaranteed that packets go through the radiolink.

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4.3.4 Viewing LEDs with the FlexLink ManagerFlexLink Manager can also display LED indicators in the Equipment Viewwindow, if required. This option is activated from the Equipment View. Youcan also set the refresh time for LED and other status monitoring. Byselecting the Polling option for each far-end in the Equipment View windowit is also possible to view the service LEDs for several of the far-end units.

Do not set the refresh rate for these items to a very small value if connect-ing via the Q1 bus. Polling for these is very resource consuming on the Q1bus and may cause other applications to slow down or fail. If the connec-tion speed is very low, turn off the status polling. Also turn off the pollingduring a software download as this also causes delays for the download.

NOTE!The LED indicators in the Equipment View window show the status of eachfunctional entity of the node. They are not the same as the front panelLEDs.

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5.0 Maintaining FlexLinkThis chapter describes how to maintain FlexLink microwave radios andhow to replace faulty units. The chapter contains information on:

• preventive maintenance• performance monitoring• using troubleshooting tools• replacing or removing equipment.

5.1 Preventive MaintenanceMaintenance of the radio includes measurements which do not interferewith the communication. Measurements which do interfere with the com-munication can also be conducted when the radio is in operation, providedthat the measurements are performed at a time when there is no traffic or thetraffic can be rerouted. With the Nera Network Management System,service measurements can be performed centrally for the entire networkwithout having to move physically from station to station. However, anymeasurements performed with external measuring instruments must beconducted locally.

Record the measurements so that they can be compared with earlier resultsand used to detect significant changes in the results. Store the measure-ment records at the location where the measurements are conducted, thatis, the records of centralised measurements in the central monitoring room,and the records of external measurements at the equipment station.

The internal signals of the equipment can be directed to the measurementconnector (MP) on the indoor unit for measurement with appropriateexternal instruments. The location and use of the connector is explained inChapter 5.3.4.

The outdoor unit has a measurement interface for the AGC voltage. TheAGC measurement is used when aligning the antenna (see Outdoor UnitInstallation).

In addition, there are a few other measurements, which are typically con-ducted continuously in maintenance with the NMS Network ManagementSystem but which may also be performed with FlexLink Manager:

• bit error ratio• Rx input level

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5.2 Performance MonitoringThe FlexLink network element records information regarding its own per-formance. This information is accessible from the Performance menu ofFlexLink Manager.

The performance information is divided into three areas:• measurements• error counters• signal quality statistics.

Each of these is available from the Maintenance → Performance menu inFlexLink Manager or, in some cases, from the toolbar.

The measurement and error counter windows both display informationabout the performance of the network element and its current operatingcondition. The statistics are collected for the signal.

5.2.1 MeasurementsThe Measurements window, which is opened from Maintenance → Per-formance → Measurements, displays selected information about the net-work element. This information is in the form of, for example, variousvoltage or power levels recorded from particular units which make up thenetwork element.

Figure IV-44 Measurements window

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Click the menu command to open the Select measurement dialog box inwhich you can first select the measurements and values that you areinterested in. Selecting the unit reads all measurements supported by thatunit. Otherwise, select the specific measurements contained under eachunit.

Monitoring measurementsThese values can be refreshed automatically if the Maintenance → Per-formance → Monitor Measurements menu command is checked or Moni-toring on is selected in the toolbar. The refresh period is set in the windowtoolbar. The values can also be manually refreshed by clicking Refresh inthe toolbar.

To stop the monitoring, uncheck Monitor on in the toolbar. Althoughmonitoring stops, you can update the values at any time with Refresh.

If you wish to change the measurements displayed click Reselect... . Thisopens the Select Measurements dialog box again so that you can choosenew measurements.

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5.2.2 Error CountersError counters in the network element record the number of times that anerror has occurred in a particular unit or functional entity. These are eventssuch as Frame sync lost.

Click Maintenance → Performance → Error Counter to open the ErrorCounters window.

Figure IV-45 Error counters window

There is no built-in monitoring for this information, but it can be manuallyrefreshed at any time with Manage → Refresh menu command or theRefresh button in the window.

All error counters in the network element can be reset to zero by clickingMaintenance → Performance → Reset Counters on the menu or using thebutton in the window.

5.2.3 Reading StatisticsThe statistics the network element records for signal quality are kept toITU-T recommendation G.826. The values are available as either infinite, or15-minute and 24-hour histories (last 16 measurements).

The following statistics are recorded:

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ID text Unit DescriptionG.826 TT seconds Total Time as specified in G.826G.826 AT seconds Available Time as specified in G.826G.826 ES seconds Errored Seconds as specified in G.826G.826 SES seconds Severely Errored Seconds as specified in

G.8261)

G.826 BBE counter Background Block Errors as specified in G.826G.826 EB counter Errored Blocks as specified in G.8261) G.826 gives two definitions for SES. In Q1, the definition of SES as“≥30% errored blocks in one-second period» is adopted.

Table IV-7 Statistics

To open the Statistics window, click Maintenance → Performance →View Statistics on the menu. This opens the Select Target dialog box fromwhich you can choose the targets for which the statistics are displayed.

The Statistics window is not monitored, but the information can be manu-ally refreshed. It is also possible to reset all the signal quality statistics byclicking Maintenance → Performance → Reset Counters on the menu orusing the button in the window.

Figure IV-46 Statistics window

Although several units can be selected from the Select Target dialog boxonly one set of statistics can be displayed at a time. Display statistics forthe different targets you initially selected by using the list in the toolbar. Tochoose new targets, click Maintenance → Performance → Reselect... onthe menu or the toolbar.

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5.2.4 Ethernet Plug-in Unit Statistical CountersEthernet plug-in unit provides possibility for Ethernet performance moni-toring via FlexLink Manager. Available counter sets can be viewed fromFlexLink Manager pull down menu: Maintenance → Performance →Counters. A list of supported counter sets is shown in Figure IV-47.

Figure IV-47 Available performance counter sets for EPIU ports

The following figure shows available statistics for Ethernet 1 interface. Inthe counter window there are a few push buttons: Reset Counters, Rese-lect, Refresh and Close. Reset counters-button allows resetting the coun-ter sets that are shown in this window. Reselect-button allows the user toselect a new counter set for viewing.

Figure IV-48 Existing statistical counters for Ethernet 1 interface

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5.3 Using Troubleshooting ToolsEach functional entity in a network element contains several controls forpinpointing faults or problems.

These controls are divided into four areas:• loopbacks• forced controls• measurement interface• internal tests

All of these features are affected by the Control timeout setting containedin the network element (see Chapter 3.6.2). The network element is reset tonormal functioning after the timeout has been reached. You can also resetthe network element to its normal state manually by clicking Maintenance→ Tests → To Normal State on the menu or using the toolbar in eachwindow.

NOTE!When a control has been set, no other settings take effect until theequipment is returned to normal state.

5.3.1 Built-in Test FeaturesFor testing and diagnostics, there are six integrated loopbacks and internalPRBS generator and detector available. The Table Loopbacks and theFigure Loopbacks describe the looping possibilities in the FlexLink micro-wave radio.

The operation of the various units of the radio hop can be checked withloopbacks and with an internal or external PRBS generator and detector.PRBS (pseudorandom binary sequence) is a two-level signal that has arepetitive sequence, but a random pattern within the sequence. It is used totest the radio link, since it has the basic characteristics of a noise, but interms of parameters that are easily controlled. One generator in the indoorunit sends a PRBS ignal, and the other end of the radio link detects thissignal.

The Forced Controls window is used to switch on the PRBS generator,and to specify the used channels (the 2M channels, which are cross-connected in the ASIC to the test generator/detector) for the receiving ortransmitting of test signals.

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The Internal Tests window is used to switch on the PRBS test detector tostart analysing received test patterns (see Using internal tests).

There are two kinds of binary sequences that can be used here:• PRBS2: pseudo-random binary sequence for 2 Mbit/s• PRBSF: pseudo-random binary sequence for Flexbus

Loop type Description2M loop to Near-end loop. Loops back the signal in the 2Mbit/sinterface (1) interfaces in the 2M cross-connection block.BFI*2Mloopto Far-end loop. Loops back the signal in 2Mbit/sinterface (2) interfaces in the cross-connection section. These

channels are also connected to a Flexbus.Flexbusloopto Far-end loop. Loops back the selected Flexbus signal ininterface (3) Flexbus framer and cross-connection block.Flexbusloopto Near-end loop. Loops back the selected Flexbus signalequipment just prior to the Flexbus interface into the IDU-ODU cable.(FB 1-4) (4–5)Outdoor unit Far-end loop. Loops the signal back to the radiointerface (6) interface in the loop to outdoor unit. Can be set for a

near-end or a far-end outdoor unit.Outdoor unit Near-end loop. Loops the signal back to the IDU-ODUequipment (7) cable in the loop tonear-end outdoor unit.Ethernet 1&2 Loops back the signal to the Ethernet interfacenear end loop(8)Ethernet 1&2 Loops the Ethernet signal back to radio interfacefar end loop(9)Crossed near Loops the signal between Eth-1 and Eth-2end loop (10)Crossed far Loops back the signal between Eth-1 and Eth-2 towardsend loop (11) the radio interface*) BFI = buffer frame interface in FIU19E

Table IV-8 Loopbacks

The operation of the various loops can be verified with the help of externalBER analyser equipment. Some of the loops can also be verified with anintegral PRBS generator/detector.

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FB3 FB4 FB1 FB2

1) 2M interfaces: loop to interface2) BFI 2M channels: loop to interface3) Flexbuses: loop to interface4) FB1 and FB2: loop to equipment5) FB3 and FB4: loop to equipment6) Outdoor unit: loop to interface7) Outdoor unit: loop to equipment

6

7

...1

2

45

3

1 - 16

BFI1

BFI2

BFI3......

...1 - 16

1 - 16

1 - 16

FIU19E

Figure IV-49 Loopbacks in FlexLink

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2M loop to interfaceThis loopback is used for testing the 4x2M plug-in units or 16x2M expansionunit. This loops back the signal in 2Mbit/s interfaces in a 2M cross-connec-tion block. This loop has to be tested with external BER analyser equipment.Figure IV-49 shows the signal flow on FIU19E block diagram level.

BFI 2M loop to interfaceThis loopback is used for testing both the near-end and far-end equipment.This loops back the signal in the far-end equipment 2M cross-connectionblock. This loop includes the far-end Flexbus cable interface and a Flexbusframer/crossconnection. Figure IV-49 shows the signal flow on indoor unitblock diagram level.

Flexbus loop to interfaceThis loopback is used for testing the near-end and far-end outdoor unitand the Flexbus cable. This loops back the selected Flexbus signal in theFlexbus framer and cross-connection block. This loop includes the far-endFlexbus cable interface. Figure IV-49 shows the signal flow on indoor unitblock diagram level.

Flexbus loop to equipment (FB1–4)This loopback is used for testing the whole indoor unit from the 2M interfaceinput back to the 2M interface output. This loops back the selected Flexbussignal just prior to the Flexbus interface into the IDU-ODU cable. Everytributary can be tested separately. A complete loopback test of the indoorunit together with the 4x2M or 16x2M plug-in units is possible with the aidof external BER analyser equipment. This is also the preferred method introubleshooting. Note that when a “Flexbus Loop to Equipment” is activatedin a selected Flexbus, the connection to the outdoor unit behind that Flexbusis cut. Also, the Flexbus BER measurement, which measures the receivedsignal BER in the Flexbus interface, is stopped. Figure IV-50 shows the signalflow on indoor unit block diagram level.

Outdoor unit loop to interfaceThis loopback is used for testing the operation of the radio equipment upto the far-end outdoor unit. This loop loops the signal back to the radiointerface in the outdoor unit. The loop includes a near-end indoor unit, anoutdoor unit, and a farend outdoor unit. The loop can be set for a near-end ora far-end outdoor unit. Figures IV-49 and -50 show the location of the loop.

Outdoor unit loop to equipmentThis loopback is used for testing the indoor unit and IDU-ODU cable. Thisloop loops the signal back to the IDU-ODU cable in a near-end outdoorunit. Figures IV-49 and -50 show the location of the loop.

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2M Cross Connection

FlexbusFramersand CrossConnection

FlexbusCableInterface

1

2

2M IF 1

4x2MPlug-in

4 1 4 1 4

116

16

2MCC

1

312

11

BFI3

BFI2

PRBS

2

Framer 37M16x2M ...

Flexbus

2

PRBS

F

BFI1

1

16

Flexbus Loop to interface

Flexbus Loop to equipment

BFI Loop to interface

2M Loop to interface

Figure IV-50 IDU loopback block diagram

All loopbacks are accessed through FlexLink Manager by clicking Mainte-nance → Tests → Loopbacks... on the menu.

The loopback status can change without the user changing it, for example,if the timeout has been reached. Because of this, the Loopback window hasits own private status bar which shows the last time the status of theloopbacks was checked and how long till the next refresh. You can set therefresh value in the Loopback window or from Tools → Options → Manag-er Options and then the Auto Refresh tab.

CAUTION!Setting a Flexbus loop cuts the connection to the outdoor unit until theloop is cancelled or expires. This includes all data and management infor-mation. Setting an outdoor unit loop cuts the connection to the outdoorunit until the loop expires.

Use of internal test signals PRBS2 and PRBSF to verify the loop operationInternal pseudo random bit sequence test signal generators/detectorsPRBS2 and PRBSF are provided as an additional tool to verify the loopoperations. PRBS2 can also be used for testing the operation over the hop.The locations of the insertion or measurement points of these test signalsare shown in Figure IV-55. The loops and the test signals are separatefunctions and they must be activated or deactivated separately.

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The PRBS2 test can be used, for example, to test one 2Mbit/s channels at atime when the “Flexbus Loop to Equipment” is activated. In that case, thePRBS test measures the loop operation similarly to an external BER analys-er test, but the 2M interface circuits (4x2M and 16x2M plug-in units in anFIU unit’s case) are left outside the test.

PRBSF can be used to test the whole Flexbus frame when the “FlexbusLoop to Equipment’ is activated. Due to the insertion or measurement pointof this test signal, only the framer, cross-connection, and the Flexbus cableinterface circuits are included in this test.

For more information on the PRBS signals, see Chapter 5.3.3 on forcedcontrols.

Using loopbacks in 1IDU+2ODU and 2IDU+2ODU protected modesNOTE!Connect always loops to both paths of the protected radio hop. This way,the complete protected radio path is tested (not only one of four possibleradio paths).

1. Connect the first loop to a path that the radio is not transmitting (loopto an active transmitter path causes transmitter changeover).

2. Use indoor unit Flexbus loops, for example loops 3, 4 or 5, rather thanoutdoor unit loops.This ensures that the AIS is connected to correct untested interfaces.Indoor unit loops can always be removed manually before the controltimeout expires.

3. Before connecting new loops, remove old loops and wait at least oneminute.This gives the system time to be stabilised after the test loops so that itcan start a new test from a clean point.

To set a loopback point1. Select the loopback position by clicking one of the tabs.2. Activate the loopback by double clicking on the loopback title.3. Send the changes to the node with the command Manage → Send.

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Figure IV-51 Loopbacks window

5.3.2 Ethernet Plug-in Unit Test LoopsFigure IV-52 shows EPIU test loop settings window. It can be accessed viaMaintenance → Tests → Loopbacks.

Following loops are available for near end EPIU: interface loops for Eth1and Eth2 (packets are echoed back to interface), crossed interface loopbetween Eth1 and Eth2. Loops to equipment: Eth1, Eth2 and crossed loopto equipment. At far end EPIU, it is possible to set equipment loops(crossed or non-crossed loops).

Test loop setting disappears after a timeout. Previously set configurationis taken into use after loop timeout. Time out value can be changed for nearend equipment.

NOTE!It is on users responsibility to set test loops correctly. Use of test loops willcut the normal payload Ethernet traffic through EPIU. It is recommended touse one test loop at a time.

NOTE!Crossed interface test loops can be checked via PING application softwareon a typical PC. Use of non-crossed test loops can be checked by specialapplication software or for example Smartbits Ethernet test equipment.

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5.3.3 Forced ControlsUnits can contain forced controls which alter the operational state of thenetwork element for a user-definable period of time. These controls affectvarious parameters, such as power to outdoor units. They are normallyused for testing purposes.

To open the Forced Controls window click Maintenance → Tests →Forced Controls.... The controls are divided into pages depending on thefunctional entity they apply to, or a general page which applies to thenetwork element.

PRBS (pseudo-random binary sequence) is a two-level signal that has arepetitive sequence, but a random pattern within the sequence. It is used totest the radio link, since it has the basic characteristics of a noise, but interms of parameters that are easily controlled. One generator in the indoorunit sends a PRBS signal, and the other end of the radio link detects thissignal.

The forced controls window is used to switch on the PRBS generator, andto specify the used channels (the 2M channels, which are cross-connectedin the ASIC to the test generator/detector) for the receiving or transmittingof test signals.

Figure IV-53 Test loop settings for Ethernet plug-in unit

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The internal tests window is used to switch on the PRBS test detector tostart analysing received test patterns (see Chapter 5.3.4).

There are two kinds of binary sequences that can be used here:PRBS2 pseudo-random binary sequence for 2Mbit/sPRBSF pseudo-random binary sequence for Flexbus

Figure IV-54 Forced controls window

To test with PRBS:Before starting you have to reset the counters from Maintenance →Performance → Error counters, and then select Reset counters. (Formore information about the error counters refer to Chapter 5.2.2.)

1. Set Detector Input and Generator Output.• Select Unit: For PRBS2 select 2M interface (way to the 2Mbit plugin

units) or Flexbus 2M channel (direction to the plug-in units). ForPRBSF select the used Flexbus.

• Select Channel:- If you have selected the 2M interface, then select one 2Mbit inter-

face from one of the 2Mbit plug-in units.- If you have selected the Flexbus 2M channel, then select one of the

16 channels of one Flexbus.2. Select Polynomial (used PRBS bit pattern).3. Perform PRBS test in Maintenance → Tests → Internal tests window

(see Chapter 5.3.4).

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4. View PRBS test results in the Measurements window (For more infor-mation about monitoring the measurements see Chapter 5.2.1).If the BER value in the Measurements window is worse than 1E-3, thealarm is activated. The alarm is cleared after one complete measurementwith BER value better than 1E-3, or by resetting the error counters. Formore information about monitoring the alarms, see Chapter 4.

The controls settings can change without the user changing them, forexample, if the time-out has been reached. Because of this, the ForcedControls window has its own private status bar which shows the last timethe status of the controls was checked and how long till the next refresh.You can set the refresh value in the Forced Controls window or from Tools→ Options → Manager Options and then the Auto Refresh tab.

To set the forced controls in the network element, adjust the required itemsin the window and click Manage → Send. This sends all modified values tothe network element. To force a refresh of the information in the window,click Manage → Refresh or use the toolbar in the window.

In addition to forced controls it is possible to test for example loopbacksfrom Maintenance → Tests → Loopbacks (see Chapter 5.3.1).

5.3.4 Measurement InterfaceThe indoor unit can send one of a variety of signals to its measurementpoint interface (MP) for analysis. The FIU19E measurement point is locatedon the front panel.

FIU 19EMP Q1-1 FB1 +DCLMP - + Q1-2 FB2 +DCPWR

10BaseT

Figure IV-55 FIU19E measurement points

The available signals are:• 2M Tx data• BFI 2M Rx data (signals in the cross-connection section)• 2M PRBS (pseudo-random binary sequence)• 2M AIS (alarm indication signal)• Flexbus Tx clock• Flexbus 2M Rx clock.• 2M Tx clock• BFI 2M Rx clock

In FIU19E, the measurement point output is 75 Ω G.703.

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You can select the signal to be sent from the Measurement Interfacewindow. To open this window, click Maintenance → Tests → Measure-ment Interface.... The 2 Mbit/s data and clock signals require you tochoose a channel also.

To set the measurement point in the indoor unit, adjust the required itemsin the window and click Manage → Send or use the toolbar in the window.This sends all modified values to the network element. To force a refresh ofthe information in the window, click Refresh.

5.3.5 Internal TestsThere are several unit-specific tests that you can perform on the equip-ment. These tests include such things as LED function. Some of these testsshould only be performed by experienced personnel. To access thesetests, click Maintenance → Tests → Internal Tests... on the menu.

This opens the Internal Tests window where you can choose the unit-specific test to perform.

When performing the PRBS tests you can select additional timed test,where you have to give the test time in seconds, or infinite test, which runsuntil you stop it.

Timed test Measurement result and alarm state is displayed only aftercomplete measurement time is passed.

Infinite test Measurement result and alarm state are updated every second.

To set the internal tests in the network element, adjust the required items inthe window and click Manage → Send or use the toolbar in the window.This sends all modified values to the network element. To force a refresh ofthe information in the window, click Refresh.

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5.4 Replacing or Removing EquipmentDetailed instructions on removing and installing equipment can be foundin the Indoor Unit Installation, and Outdoor Unit Installation parts of thismanual. The general work order for the replacement or removal of unitsfollows.

To replace or remove units:1. Switch the power off.

When an outdoor unit is being removed, set the ODU Tx power off (seeChapter 3.6.4). This ensures that the radio will not transmit accidentallyin case it is reinstalled. Switch the Flexbus ODU power supply off withFlexLinkManager (see Chapter 3.6.5).When an FIU19E indoor unit is being removed, switch the power off atthe FIU19E power switch.

2. Disconnect the cabling and remove the unit(s). Follow the instructionsfound in the installation part of this manual.

3. Install new unit(s) and connect the cabling (if applicable). Follow theinstructions found in the installation part of this manual.

NOTE!Removal or replacement of equipment (excluding FIU19E plug-in units)cuts traffic.

The following chapters detail any special considerations that may apply.

5.4.1 FIU19E Plug-in UnitsFIU19E plug-in units can be removed or replaced freely. Refer to IndoorUnit Installation for instructions. It is advisable to turn the power off at theFIU19E power switch before removing and replacing plug-in units.

5.4.2 Removing EquipmentWhen equipment is removed from the network element, some settings mustusually be modified. Normally removing equipment causes a Subrack ismissing units alarm. Click Configure → Send Install All to read the newequipment structure. Settings of the units can be modified by clickingConfigure → Settings... and selecting the appropriate unit. Cross-connec-tion settings can be modified normally by clicking Cross-connections →View with FIU19E.

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5.4.3 Replacing the FIU19E indoor unitBefore replacing the indoor unit, make sure that there is a backup of itsconfiguration, preferably using configuration backup. With the backup,the configuration can be quickly loaded to the new indoor unit. SeeChapter 3.6.3 for more information on configuration backup.

CAUTION!Switch the power off at the FIU19E power switch and disconnect the IDUpower supply before replacing a faulty FIU19E indoor unit.

Replacing an FIU19E unit in 1+1 protected modeWhen FIU19E is used in 1+1 (2IDU+2ODU) protected mode and an FIU19Emain unit has become faulty, replace the unit in the following order:1. Switch the power of the faulty unit off.2. Remove the faulty unit.3. Check that the power of the new FIU19E main unit is off. Install the

new unit and connect the cabling.4. Switch the power of the new unit on. Wait approximately 60 seconds

and use the Refresh function in FlexLink Manager until the new unitappears into the Equipment View.

5. Use configuration backup to restore the settings. See Chapter 3.6.3 formore information on configuration backup.

5.4.4 Replacing the Outdoor Unit or the AntennaCAUTION!Switch the TX power off and then the Flexbus ODU power supply offbefore replacing faulty outdoor units or antennas (see Chapter 3.6.5).

Before replacing the outdoor unit, make sure that the spare ODU is of thecorrect frequency subband.

If the replacement of the outdoor unit is done carefully, the antennaalignment is not affected.

Replacement of the antenna should not affect its alignment, but we recom-mend that you check the alignment after replacing the antenna.

Before replacing the outdoor unit, make sure there is a backup of itsconfiguration, preferably using configuration backup. See Chapter 3.6.3 formore information on configuration backup.

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6.0 UpgradingThis chapter describes how to upgrade or alter a FlexLink configuration.The chapter contains information on:

• software upgrading• changing capacity• adding equipment.

6.1 Software UpgradingThe software configuration of a network element is managed through theSoftware window of FlexLink Manager. The window shows the details ofthe software packages installed in the network element.

To access the Software window, click Maintenance → Software → View.

Figure IV-56 Software window

To support the software upgrade process, each functional entity (hard-ware unit) in the network element contains two or more software slots. Eachslot can contain a software package, but only one of these slots may beactive at a time. Software which is in the active state is the currentlyrunning software in the unit. In the most common situation, one slotcontains the active software while others are either empty or inactive.

New software can only be downloaded into one of the non-active slots.Once the download is completed it must be activated so it can be used.This causes a reset of the functional entity which interrupts traffic.

Software upgrade via TFTPWith FIU19E as the indoor unit, software download is also possible usingtrivial file transfer protocol (TFTP). FIU19E acts as the TFTP server thatcan receive software binary files sent by a TFTP client.

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TFTP timeout recommendations:Retransmit timeout 60 secondsGeneral timeout 120 seconds

TFTP transfer is always performed into the inactive software bank. Specifyone of the following destinations in the node: IDUA, IDUB, ODU 1A, ODU2A, etc.

NOTE!The Enable TFTP Server Flag box has to be checked to use the TFTPfunctionality (Configure → Network Settings → TFTP Server).

FlexLink Manager can perform several actions on each software unit in thenetwork element. These are:

• Show properties of the software.• Change the software user label.• Erase the software.• Activate the software.• Erase the pending state of the software.• Download a software file to a unit.• Validate the software file on the unit.• Print the software configuration.

NOTE!If you activate the software, the traffic is cut.

Further information is given in the Status and Activity fields. The Activityfield shows whether the software is currently active, inactive or waiting tobecome active. The Status shows whether the software is present and if itis valid.

To install a new software package in a functional entity:1. Select the software unit from the list in the Software window.2. Download the new software.3. Check that the downloaded software is now in a Valid state.4. If not, manually validate it with Maintenance → Software → Validate

Unit command on the menu or use the toolbar in the window. If it is stillnot successful, go back to step 1.

5. Activate the software package by clicking Maintenance → Software →Activate Unit on the menu or use the toolbar in the window.

When the software is activated, the functional entity resets automaticallyand the new software begins running.

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The download process can take some time depending on the speed of theconnection to the unit. You can select the connection speed in NetworkElement Settings dialog box (see Chapter 3.6.2) according to the type ofequipment you are using. Typically, the download process takes up to 20minutes using the fastest baud rate (115 kbit/s) and approximately twohours using the rate 9600 bit/s.

When the download is complete the functional entity attempts to validatethe new software. If this process does not succeed, it is possible to retrythe validation of the software manually from the menu of the Softwarewindow. The validation process checks the new software for errors whichmay have occurred during the download.

Software download does not cause a traffic interruption, but it slows downthe management connection to the node. Traffic is cut briefly when newsoftware is activated and the respective functional entity is reset.

Upgrading Ethernet plug-in unit softwareEthernet plug-in unit (EPIU) is a separate functional entity and has its ownsoftware package. It can be downloaded and activated in similar manner asother node SW modules. This module also has two SWslots, one for activeand one for inactive/empty SW module. EPIU will not work without a validSW package.

6.2 Changing Capacity6.2.1 Transmission Capacity

Transmission capacity of the outdoor unit can be changed using FlexLinkManager. No hardware changes are necessary. Any capacity from 2 x2Mbit/s to 16 x 2 Mbit/s can be selected. See Chapter 3.6.5.

CAUTION!The capacity must be set according to the licence given by the localauthorities.

6.2.2 Add/Drop CapacityAdd/drop capacity of the FIU19E indoor unit can be changed by adding orremoving plug-in units or expansion unit. See Chapter 6.3.

When Ethernet plug-in unit is installed it is possible to select, with 2 Mbits/sgranularity, how much of the radio links capacity is used for Ethernettraffic. Rest of the radio links capacity can be used for E1 traffic. For details

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about reserving capacity for Ethernet traffic see Chapter 3.6.6 Ethernetplug-in unit settings.

6.3 Adding EquipmentDetailed instructions on installing new equipment can be found in theinstallation documents contained in this manual.

When new equipment is added to the network element, some settings mustusually be modified. Normally adding equipment causes a Subrack hasexcessive units alarm. Click Configure → Send Install All to read the newequipment structure. Settings of the new units can be modified by clickingConfigure → Settings... and selecting the appropriate unit. Cross-connec-tion settings can be modified normally by clicking Cross-connections →View.

6.3.1 FIU19E Plug-in UnitsFlexbus, Ethernet and 4 x 2Minterface plug-in units can be purchasedseparately and installed to free plug-in unit slots. Refer to Indoor UnitInstallation for instructions on how to install new plug-in units.

6.3.2 FIU19E Expansion UnitThe FIU19E 16 x 2Mexpansion unit (EXU) can be purchased separately asan upgrade. The upgrade kit includes mounting brackets, 1+0 backplane,and an EXU.

Make sure there is enough rack space to install the EXU. The main unit andEXU (1+0) assembly requires 2 U of space (unit height of 1.5 U + air gap of0.5 U).

NOTE!This upgrade cuts traffic for the duration of the upgrade work.

To upgrade FIU19E to 16 x 2M capacity:1. Switch the power off at the FIU19E power switch.2. Disconnect the cabling and remove the main unit from the rack.3. Remove all 4 x 2M plug-in units from the main unit.4. Remove old mounting brackets.5. Follow instructions on installing FIU19E with expansion unit in the

Indoor Unit Installation part of this manual.6. Connect the cabling.7. Use FlexLink Manager to make the new settings.

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6.3.3 Upgrading to 1IDU+2ODU Protected Mode (FIU19E)A single use terminal can be upgraded to 1IDU+2ODU protected mode byadding another outdoor unit.

Install the protecting ODU as described in the Outdoor Unit Installationpart of this manual. Use FlexLink Manager to set the unit to 1IDU+2ODUmode and the required protection mode. Other setting changes are mostlikely required as well.

If you are upgrading to 1-antenna HSB protection, remove first the existingoutdoor unit. Then do as follows:

• With the 7-15 GHz radios, install the coupler and connect the waveguideto the antenna on the existing alignment unit.

• With the 18 - 38 GHz radios, install the coupler on the existingalignment unit.

See Outdoor Unit Installation for more information.

NOTE!Upgrade to 1-antenna HSB cuts traffic for the duration of the upgradework. Upgrade to other 1IDU+2ODU protection modes causes a shortbreak as the new settings are made and the indoor unit is reset (see Chapter3.6.2).

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6.3.4 Upgrading to 2IDU+2ODU protected mode (FIU19E)Upgrade kits are available to upgrade FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity orFIU19E with 16 x 2Mcapacity (with EXU) to 2IDU+2ODU (1+1) protectedmode. These kits contain mounting brackets, 1+1 backplane, and theappropriate FIU19E units.

Make sure there is enough rack space to install the 1+1 protected modeunits. The assembly requires 2 U of space and potentially also an air gap of1 U (as described in the Indoor Unit Installation part of this manual).

NOTE!This upgrade cuts traffic for the duration of the upgrade work.

NOTE!If the node has access to an IP-based DCN via 10baseT Ethernet, then theEthernet interfaces of both indoor units have to be connected to the LAN.It is recommended to use a Hub for setting up these cable connections.

To upgrade FlexLink with FIU19E to 2IDU+2ODU protected mode:1. Switch the power off at the FIU19E power switch.2. Disconnect the cabling and remove the previous configuration.3. If upgrading from FIU19E with 4 - 12 x 2M capacity, remove any 4 x 2M

plug-in units.4. Remove old FIU19E mounting brackets.5. Follow instructions on installing FIU19E in 1+1 protected mode in the

Indoor Unit Installation part of this manual.6. If upgrading from single use, install the protecting ODU as described in

the Outdoor Unit Installation part of this manual.7. Connect the cabling.8. Follow instructions in Chapter 3.2.2 to make the new settings.

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Appendix A. Alarm ListThis appendix lists all the possible alarms (with their fault codes) that aFlexLink network element can give. The alarms are classified by functionalentity (FE), and further by the supervision block (SB) giving the alarm.

The alarm tables give the following information:• The alarm name is shown on the first row of the table.• Severity shows the severity class of the alarm as it appears in the

node manager.• SB type shows the supervision block giving the alarm.• Fault code shows the fault code (in decimal).• Consequence and Meaning give information related to the alarm.• Instructions guides you in how to find the actual reason for the alarm

and how to correct it.• Cancelling gives information on how to cancel the alarm.

A.1 FIU19E Alarms

A.1.1 Functional Entity: FIU19E

Fault in power supplySeverity: Critical SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)

SB 2: Power supplyFault code: 0 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Flexbus ODU power supply fault. Possible reasons:1. Failure in power supply2. Short circuit in the Flexbus cableMeaning 2: Power supply voltage is below or above the limit. Seemeasurements.Instructions: N/ACancelling : N/A

Loop to interfaceSeverity: Major SB 1: BFI (1-3) channel (1-16)

SB 2: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 21 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: 2M signal looped back to FlexbusMeaning 2: Flexbus interface loop is active (Rx signal is looped back toTx direction)Instructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when the loop is removed

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Loss of incoming signalSeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 48 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Flexbus Rx clock is missing2. Flexbus Rx clock oscillator faultyInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Alarm signal is receivedSeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 64 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Flexbus Rx signal contains a pseudo frame, generated in theODU (ODU not locked to Rx signal).Typically ODU Rx signal is missing or faulty.Instructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Loop to equipmentSeverity: Major SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 22 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Flexbus equipment loop is active. (Tx signal is looped backto Rx direction.)Instructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when the loop is removed

Test Mode ActiveSeverity: Major SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)

SB 2: LEDSB 3: Clock monitor

Fault code: 23 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Flexbus LED state is forced.Meaning 2: Alarm LED state is forced.Meaning 3: Tx oscillator calibration active.Instructions: N/ACancelling 1 -2: Cancelled when forced control is removedCancelling 3: Cancelled after Tx calibration finished.

Test generator onSeverity: Major SB 1: PRBS2

SB 2: PRBSFFault code: 25 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Internal 2 Mbit/s test generator onMeaning 2: Internal test generator for Flexbuses and aux channels is onInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when forced control removed

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Loss of frame alignmentSeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 81 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Flexbus received signal faulty or errored2. Fault in the Flexbus cable interfaceInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Error rate > 1 E–3Severity: Critical SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)

SB 2: PRBS2SB 3: PRBSF

Fault code: 99 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Received signal BER over limit. Possible reasons:1. Signal from the radio path is attenuated2. Hardware fault in the Flexbus cable or interfaceMeaning 2 -3: Internal test receives BER over alarm limitInstructions: N/ACancelling 1: Cancelled when BER under limitCancelling 2: Cancelled when PRBS2 error counter is resetCancelling 3: Cancelled when PRBSF error counter is reset

Buffer overflow (or underflow)Severity: Critical SB: BFI (1-3) channel (1-16)Fault code: 113 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Bit rate of received 2M signal is not within the limitsInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Error rate > 1 E–4, Error rate > 1 E–5, Error rate > 1 E–6Severity: Major SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)

SB 2: PRBS2SB 3: PRBSF

Fault code: 100, 101, 102 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Received signal BER over limit. Possible reasons:1. Signal from the radio path is attenuated2. Hardware fault in the Flexbus cable or interfaceMeaning 2: Internal test receives BER over alarm limitMeaning 3: Internal test receives BER over alarm limitInstructions: N/ACancelling 1: Cancelled when BER under limitCancelling 2: Cancelled when PRBS2 error counter is resetCancelling 3: Cancelled when PRBSF error counter is reset

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Fault in installation of equipmentSeverity: Critical SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)

SB 2: HW setupFault code: 142 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Flexbus not set in use, but ODU (or IDU) is connected to itMeaning 2: Incompatible unitInstructions 1: When Flexbus and radio are commissioned set In useto ON.Instructions 2: Check FlexLink Manager troubleshooting instructionswhich unit• if HW module, replace module• if SW incompatibility, download new softwareCancelling 1: Cancelled when In use is ONCancelling 2: Cancelled after the situation is corrected and the indoorunit restarted

Fault in equipmentSeverity: Major SB: SW setupFault code: 128 Consequence: N/AMeaning: File system errorInstructions: Replace the unitCancelling: N/A

Fault in oscillatorSeverity: Critical SB: Clock monitorFault code: 137 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Internal oscillator faultyInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Forced control onSeverity: Critical SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)

SB 2: Measurement pointFault code: 141 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: ODU power supply forced on or off with the control menu,while the setting value may be different.Meaning 2: Signal connected to measurement pointInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when forced control is removed

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Operating errorSeverity: Critical SB: SW setupFault code: 144 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. File system error2. Internal SW errorInstructions: Replace the unitCancelling: N/A

Equipment resetSeverity: Warning SB: HW setupFault code: 148 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Unit is starting up after power-on or resetInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

Database fullSeverity: Warning SB: Event historyFault code: 162 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Overflow in event historyInstructions:Alarm history is flushed by NMS alarm pollingWhen SNMP or (new) Q1 alarm polling is used, the alarm poller isflushing used port’s alarm history.FIU19E software flushes LMP port’s alarm history to avoid Databasefull when history is read through LMP port.When (old) Q1 alarm polling is used, the network master neverflushes the alarm history. When FIU19E receives an alarm polling (GetFault Condition) command, it flushes alarm history for all ports(usually one or more Q1Ps and one LMP).If Old Q1 Support mode (Use old style fault handler setting) is enabled,FIU19E software regularly flushes alarm histories of all ports.Cancelling: Warning resets automatically

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Connection or settings have changedSeverity: Warning SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)

SB 2: FM setupSB 3: Identifications

Fault code: 185 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: G.826 settings have changedMeaning 2: Fault management settings have changedMeaning 3: Identifications changedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

Real time lost faultSeverity: Major SB type: Real time clockFault code: 165 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Real Time Clock (RTC) not set after resetInstructions:1. Set RTC with FlexLink Manager2. RTC is set by NMSCancelling: Cancelled when RTC is set

Far-end alarmSeverity: Major SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 179 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Traffic broken in one direction. Possible reasons:1. Far-end IDU is not receiving data transmitted from this end, but thisend is receiving data transmitted from far-end2. Far-end is not transmitting useful data because it has loop toequipment activeInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when data transmission functions in bothdirections

Real time updatedSeverity: Warning SB: Real time clockFault code: 184 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Updated RTC difference more than 5 sInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

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Configuration errorSeverity: Minor SB 1: Identifications

SB 2: SW setupFault code: 186 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: One or more of the following identifications missing:1. FE type string2. FE product code string3. FE product version string4. FE serial number string5. FE user’s manual product code string6. FE user’s manual product version string7. Tx-clock calibration missing or illegalMeaning 2:1. No backup available.2. Backup available for this unit, needs activation.Instructions:1. Contact manufacturer2. N/ACancelling: N/A

15 min G826 ES threshold crossedSeverity: Minor SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 256 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 15 min G826 ES threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the signal has been goodenough for 15 minutes. (ES less than the reset threshold.)

15 min G826 SES threshold crossedSeverity: Major SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 257 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 15 min G826 SES threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the signal has been goodenough for 15 minutes. (SES less than the reset threshold.)

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15 min G826 BBE threshold crossedSeverity: Minor SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 258 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 15 min G826 BBE threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the signal has been goodenough for 15 minutes. (BBE less than the reset threshold.)

24 h G826 ES threshold crossedSeverity: Warning SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 259 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 24 h G826 ES threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

24 h G826 SES threshold crossedSeverity: Warning SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 260 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 24 h G826 SES threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

24 h G826 BBE threshold crossedSeverity: Warning SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 261 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 24 h G826 BBE threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

UnavailabilitySeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 262 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Amount of errored blocks has been more than 30% for atleast 10 consecutive seconds.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when the amount of errored blocks has beenless than 30% for 10 consecutive seconds

Statistics resetSeverity: Warning SB: Flexbus (1-2)Fault code: 263 Consequence: N/AMeaning: G.826 error counters (current measurement) are resetInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

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103 Error rate > 1 E-7Severity: Minor SB 1: Flexbus (1-2)

SB 2: PRBS2SB3: PRBSF

Fault code: 103 Consequence: N/AMeaning:Alarm explanation 1: Received signal BER over limit. Possible reasons:1. Signal from the radio path is attenuated2. Hardware fault in the Flexbus cable or interfaceAlarm explanation 2: Internal test receives BER over limit.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when BER is under limit.

A.1.2 Functional Entity: 4 x 2M Plug-in Unit, 16 x 2MExpansion Unit

Loop to interfaceSeverity: Major SB: 2M interface (1-4, 1-16)Fault code: 21 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 2M signal looped back to interfaceInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when the loop is removed.

Loss of incoming signalSeverity: Critical SB: 2M interface (1-4, 1-16)Fault code: 48 Consequence: N/AMeaning: No incoming signal in 2M interfaceInstructions: If two 2 M outputs are connected together, alarms areusually produced for all other interfaces of the same plug-in card.Read alarm history with FlexLink Manager to see which interface is notgenerating alarms and thus is not properly connected.Cancelling: N/A

AIS 2MSeverity: Major SB: 2M interface (1-4, 1-16)Fault code: 66 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Alarm signal incoming in 2M interfaceInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

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Buffer overflow (or underflow)Severity: Critical SB: 2M interface (1-4, 1-6)Fault code: 113 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Incoming signal in 2M interface is corrupted or its bit rate isout of limitInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Fault in unitSeverity: Critical SB: DriverFault code: 150 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Fault in 2M line driverInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Connection or settings have changedSeverity: Warning SB 1: FM setup

SB 2: IdentificationsFault code: 185 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Fault management settings have changedMeaning 2: Identifications changedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

Configuration errorSeverity: Minor SB: IdentificationsFault code: 186 Consequence: N/AMeaning: One or more of the following identifications missing:1. FE type string2. FE product code string3. FE product version string4. FE serial number string5. FE user’s manual product code string6. FE user’s manual product version stringInstructions: Contact manufacturerCancelling: N/A

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Database fullSeverity: Warning SB: Event historyFault code: 162 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Overflow in event historyInstructions:Alarm history is flushed by NMS alarm pollingWhen SNMP or (new) Q1 alarm polling is used, the alarm poller isflushing used port’s alarm history.FIU19E software flushes LMP port’s alarm history to avoid Databasefull when history is read through LMP port.When (old) Q1 alarm polling is used, the network master neverflushes the alarm history. When FIU19E receives an alarm polling (GetFault Condition) command, it flushes alarm history for all ports(usually one or more Q1Ps and one LMP).If Old Q1 Support mode (Use old style fault handler setting) is enabled,FIU19E software regularly flushes alarm histories of all ports.Cancelling: Warning resets automatically

A.1.3 Functional Entity: Flexbus Plug-in Unit

Fault in power supplySeverity: Critical SB 1: Flexbus (3-4)

SB 2: Power supplyFault code: 0 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Flexbus ODU power supply fault. Possible reasons:1. Failure in power supply2. Short circuit in the Flexbus cableMeaning 2: Power supply voltage is below or above the limit. Seemeasurements.Instructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Loop to interfaceSeverity: Major SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 21 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Flexbus interface loop is active (Rx signal is looped back toTx direction).Instructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when loop is removed

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Loop to equipmentSeverity: Major SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 22 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Flexbus equipment loop is active. (Tx signal is looped backto Rx direction.)Instructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when loop is removed

Test mode activeSeverity: Major SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 23 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Flexbus LED state is forcedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when forced control removed

Loss of incoming signalSeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 48 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Flexbus Rx clock is missing2. Flexbus Rx clock oscillator faultyInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Alarm signal is receivedSeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 64 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Flexbus received signal contains a pseudo frame, generatedin the ODU (ODU not locked to Rx signal). Typically ODU receivedsignal is missing or faulty.Instructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Loss of frame alignmentSeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 81 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Flexbus received signal faulty or errored2. Fault in the Flexbus cable interfaceInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

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Error rate > 1 E-3Severity: Critical SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 99 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Received signal BER over limit. Possible reasons:1. Signal from the radio path is attenuated2. Hardware fault in the Flexbus cable or interfaceInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when BER under limit

Error rate > 1 E-4, Error rate > 1 E-5, Error rate > 1 E-6Severity: Major SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault codes: 100, 101, 102 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Received signal BER over limit. Possible reasons:1. Signal from the radio path is attenuated2. Hardware fault in the Flexbus cable or interfaceInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when BER under limit

Forced control onSeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 141 Consequence: N/AMeaning: ODU power supply forced on or off with control menu, while

the setting value may be differentInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when forced control removed

Fault in installation of equipmentSeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 142 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Flexbus is not set in use, but ODU (or IDU) is connected to itInstructions: When Flexbus and radio are commissioned, set In use toONCancelling: Cancelled when In use is ON

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Database fullSeverity: Warning SB: Event historyFault code: 162 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Overflow in event historyInstructions:Alarm history is flushed by NMS alarm pollingWhen SNMP or (new) Q1 alarm polling is used, the alarm poller isflushing used port’s alarm history.FIU19E software flushes LMP port’s alarm history to avoid Databasefull when history is read through LMP port.When (old) Q1 alarm polling is used, the network master neverflushes the alarm history. When FIU19Ereceives an alarm polling (Get Fault Condition) command, it flushesalarm history for all ports (usually one or more Q1Ps and one LMP).If Old Q1 Support mode (Use old style fault handler setting) is enabled,FIU19E software regularly flushes alarm histories of all ports.Cancelling: Warning resets automatically.

Far-end alarmSeverity: Major SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 179 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Traffic broken in one direction. Possible reasons:1. Far-end IDU is not receiving data transmitted from this end, but thisend is receiving data transmitted from far-end2. Far-end is not transmitting useful data because it has loop toequipment activeInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

Connection or settings have changedSeverity: Warning SB1: Flexbus (3-4)

SB 2: FM setupSB 3: Identifications

Fault code: 185 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: G.826 settings have changedMeaning 2: Fault management settings have changedMeaning 3: Identifications changedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

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15 min G826 ES threshold crossedSeverity: Minor SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 256 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 15 min G826 ES threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the signal has been goodenough for 15 minutes. (ES less than the reset threshold.)

15 min G826 SES threshold crossedSeverity: Major SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 257 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 15 min G826 SES threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the signal has been goodenough for 15 minutes. (SES less than the reset threshold.)

15 min G826 BBE threshold crossedSeverity: Minor SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 258 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 15 min G826 BBE threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the signal has been goodenough for 15 minutes. (BBE less than the reset threshold.)

24 h G826 ES threshold crossedSeverity: Warning SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 259 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 24 h G826 ES threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

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24 h G826 SES threshold crossedSeverity: Warning SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 260 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 24 h G826 SES threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

24 h G826 BBE threshold crossedSeverity: Warning SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 261 Consequence: N/AMeaning: 24 h G826 BBE threshold crossedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

UnavailabilitySeverity: Critical SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 262 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Amount of errored blocks has been more than 30% for atleast 10 consecutive seconds.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when the amount of errored blocks has beenless than 30% for 10 consecutive seconds

Statistics resetSeverity: Warning SB: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 263 Consequence: N/AMeaning: G.826 error counters (current measurement) are resetInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

103 Error rate > 1 E-7Severity: Minor SB 1: Flexbus (3-4)Fault code: 103 Consequence: N/AMeaning:Alarm explanation 1: Received signal BER over limit. Possible reasons:1. Signal from the radio path is attenuated2. Hardware fault in the Flexbus cable or interfaceInstructions: N/ACancelling: Cancelled when BER is under limit.

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A.1.4 Functional Entity: EXU



SB 2: IdentificationsFault code: 185 Consequence : N/AMeaning 1: Fault management settings have changedMeaning 2: Identifications changedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically


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A.1.5 Functional Entity: Aux Data Plug-in Unit

Alarm signal receivedSeverity: Major SB: AUX fastFault code: 64 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Alarm indication signal received to the AUX interface.Instructions: N/ACancelling: N/A



SB 2: IdentificationsFault code: 185 Consequence : N/AMeaning 1: Fault management settings have changedMeaning 2: Identifications changedInstructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically


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Active alarm pointSeverity: Major SB: General I/O (3-6)Fault code: 240 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Alarm in inputInstructions: N/ACancelling: N/A

A.1.6 Functional Entity: Ethernet Plug-in Unit

Loop to interfaceSeverity: Major SB: Ethernet interface (1-2)Fault code: 21 Consequence: No Ethernet traffic will pass

through the radio link via this interface.Meaning:1. Loop to interface (for example packet from Eth-1 sent back to Eth-1)2. Chain loop to interface (bi-directional loop between Eth-1 and Eth-2interfaces)Instructions:1. Deactivate the interface loop manually via the node manager.2. Wait that the control timeout expires. The control timeout value canbe defined by the user (default value is 10 minutes).Cancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the loop is removed.

Loop to equipmentSeverity: Major SB: Ethernet interface (1-2)Fault code: 22 Consequence: Ethernet payload traffic cannot be

sent to radio via this interface.Meaning:1. Loop to equipment (Ethernet packets from Flexbus or protectedradio link are looped back to sameFlexbus or protected radio link)2. Chain loop to equipment (Ethernet packets from one Flexbus arelooped to other Flexbus)Instructions:1. Deactivate the interface loop manually via the node manager.2. Wait that the control timeout expires. The control timeout value canbe defined by the user (default value is 10 minutes).Cancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the loop is removed.

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Loss of incoming signalSeverity: Critical SB: Ethernet interface (1-2)Fault code: 48 Consequence: EPIU is not able to receive/transmit

packet traffic via this interface.Meaning: Ethernet cable unplugged or broken, or attached device isforcing the link to link down state.Instructions:1. Check the Ethernet cable2. Check that attached device is not forcing the link to link down state.Cancelling: Alarm is cancelled when the Ethernet cable is connectedproperly.

Loss of incoming signalSeverity: Critical SB: SIO interface (1-2)Fault code: 48 Consequence: Ethernet payload traffic over this

Flexbus is not possible.Meaning: Frame alignment is lost (EPIU is not able to receive validsignal from Flexbus interface).Instructions:1. Check Radio link and Flexbus alarms and status.2. Check that EPIU settings are configured accordingly at both ends ofthe radio link.Cancelling: Alarm is removed when the problem is corrected.

Error rate > 1E-3, Error rate > 1E-4, Error rate > 1E-5, Error rate > 1E-6, Error rate > 1E-7Severity: 1E-3 (Critical), 1E-4 SB: SIO interface (1-2) (Major),

1E-5 (Major), 1E-6 (Major),1E-7 (Minor)

Fault code: 99, 100, 101, Consequence: Ethernet traffic102, 103 throughput of the radio link will be

smaller because faulty Ethernetpackets are dropped.

Meaning:1. Signal from the radio path is attenuated.2. Hardware fault in the Flexbus cable or interface.Instructions:1. Check Radio link and Flexbus alarms and status.2. The alarm threshold can be defined by the user. The default valuefor the limit is BER= 10-3 .Cancelling: Alarm is removed when the problem is corrected.

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Fault in installation of equipmentSeverity: Major SB: HW SetupFault code: 142 Consequence: Ethernet payload traffic is not going

throughMeaning:1. EPIU SW version incompatible with HW.2. EPIU HW incompatible with FIU19E HW or SW.3. No EPIU SW in the FIU19E Flash memory.Instructions:1. Download new EPIU SW module.2. Upgrade FIU19E software.Cancelling: Alarm is cancelled when compatible SW versions areactivated.

Equipment resetSeverity: Warning SB: HW SetupFault code: 148 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. EPIU is starting up after FIU19E power-on.2. EPIU is restarted because user activated new EPIU SW module.3. EPIU is restarted because of fault in the plug-in unit.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically.

Fault in unitSeverity: Major SB: HW SetupFault code: 150 Consequence: Ethernet payload signal quality

may be degraded.Meaning:1. Initialization failed.2. RAM parity error.3. Ethernet switch ASIC communication failed.4. FPGA register access failed.5. FPGA status fault.6. Unable to recover from errors. EPIU has been reset several timesfor trying to recover from HW failure without success.Instructions: Replace EPIU plug-in unit.Cancelling: Alarm is cancelled after EPIU has been replaced andinitialized correctly.

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Connection or settings have changedSeverity: Warning SB: Ethernet Interface (1-2)Fault code: 185 Consequence: Ethernet payload throughput may

be lower than previously.Meaning: Ethernet interface speed has changed.Ethernet interface speed can change if attached device has been resetor attached device is malfunctioning.Instructions: Check external Ethernet equipment configuration.Cancelling: Warning resets automatically.

Connection or settings have changedSeverity: Warning SB: FM SetupFault code: 185 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Fault management settings have changed.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically.

Connection or settings have changedSeverity: Warning SB: CMFEFault code: 185 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Identifications changed.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically.

Configuration errorSeverity: Minor SB: SIO interface (1-2)Fault code: 186 Consequence: Ethernet payload signal is not

going through.Meaning:1. Conflict in Flexbus and SIO capacity settings. User is either trying toset payload Ethernet capacity to be bigger than available Flexbuscapacity is or user tries to set Flexbus capacity to be smaller than whatis reserved for Ethernet traffic.2. Conflict between 2M cross-connections and SIO capacity. Existing2M cross-connections and reserved Ethernet capacity are overlappingin active 2M cross-connection bank.Instructions:1. Check and correct Flexbus or protected radio link capacity settingand EPIU SIO capacity setting.2. Check and correct 2M cross-connections and EPIU SO capacitysettings.Cancelling: Alarm is cancelled after capacity settings and 2M cross-connections are corrected.

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Configuration errorSeverity: Minor SB: IdentificationsFault code: 186 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Missing product related identifications (for example productcode, serial number or HW version)Instructions: Contact manufacturer.Cancelling: N/A.

Configuration errorSeverity: Minor SB: HW setupFault code: 186 Consequence: N/AMeaning: FPGA Binary download ongoing during FIU19E startup orafter binary activation, that is, EPIU startup is ongoing.Instructions: Contact manufacturer.Cancelling: N/A.

A.2 FlexLink Outdoor Unit AlarmsA.2.1 Functional Entity: ODU

Fault in power supplySeverity: Critical SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 0 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. +3.3 V supply voltage is out of range2. +5.25 V supply voltage is out of range3. +27.5 V supply voltage is out of range4. +6.5 V supply voltage is out of range5. -5.0 V supply voltage is out of rangeInstructions: Check the outdoor unit power supply voltage at theFlexbus interface. If the ODU power supply voltage is in the specifiedrange and the outdoor unit still has activated the Fault in power supplyalarm, replace the outdoor unit and send it for repair.Cancelling: N/A

Loop to interfaceSeverity: Major SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 21 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Radio interface loopback is active (Rx signal is looped backto Tx direction.)Instructions: Wait for the control timeout to expire or restart the outdoorunit. Control timeout can be set by the user within certain limits.Cancelling: N/A

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Loop to equipmentSeverity: Major SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 22 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Radio interface equipment loop is active (Tx signal is loopedback to Flexbus.)Instructions: Cancel the loopback by pressing to-normal-state buttonor wait for the control timeout to expire.Cancelling: N/A

No outgoing radio signalSeverity: Critical SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 45 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Transmit power has been set off2. Transmit frequency setting is missing3. Transmitter framelock is lost4. MW phaselock is lostInstructions:1. Set the Tx power on2. Set the Tx frequency3. In the normal operation this alarm is activated during the changingof capacity and it is automatically cancelled when the capacity hasbeen successfully changed. If the alarm persists, the connection to theoutdoor unit has been lost (the outdoor unit is faulty). Replace thefaulty ODU and send it for repair.4. Set the Tx frequency. If this does not help, the outdoor unit is faulty.Replace the faulty ODU and send it for repair.Cancelling: N/A

Incoming signal level incorrectSeverity: Critical SB type: Radio interfaceFault code: 59 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Received signal level is low.Instructions: Minimum RX level measured during the last 15 minuteperiod is below the threshold (default values: alarm activation if RXmin<=-120dBm, alarm clearing if RXmin>=-118dBm). The alarm limitscan be defined by the user.1. Check if the received signal level is according to a plan.2. Check that the alarm thresholds are configured reasonably.3. Check that the far-end transmitter is turned on and the TX power isset according to a plan.4. Check that the TX frequency is set correctly in the far-end and near-end outdoor units.5. Check the line-of-sight to far-end and ensure that for example heavyrain has not caused fading.6. Realign the near- and far-end antenna.7. If 1.-6. do not help, replace the faulty ODU and send it for repair.Cancelling: N/A

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No incoming radio signalSeverity: Critical SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 60 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Rx framelock is lost2. MW phaselock is lost3. IF phaselock is lostInstructions:1. If the signal level is sufficient, check that the capacity, TX frequency,interleaving and scrambler settings are correct.2. The outdoor unit is faulty. Replace the faulty ODU and send it forrepair.Cancelling: N/A

Excessive error rateSeverity: Critical SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 96 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Bit error rate is high.Instructions:• Check that the Rx signal level is sufficient• Check that the interleaving setting is the same as in the far-end radioThe alarm limit can be defined by the user. The default value for thelimit is BER = 10-3.Cancelling: N/A

Fault in equipmentSeverity: Major SB: SW setupFault code: 128 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. File System checksum error2. File System writing/erasing errorInstructions: The outdoor unit is faulty. Replace the faulty ODU andsend it for repair.Cancelling: N/A

Forced control onSeverity: Critical SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 141 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Fading margin measurement is ongoing2. Transmit power has been set off.Instructions:1. Wait until the fading margin measurement is finished.2. Set the Tx power on.Cancelling: N/A

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Fault in installation of equipmentSeverity: Critical SB type: HW setupFault code: 142 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Compatibility problem with fixed hardware module CIPSU2. Compatibility problem with fixed hardware module MODEM3. Compatibility problem with fixed hardware module IFU.Instructions:1. - 3. Software version is incorrect. Contact your local Nerarepresentative for getting the correct software version.Cancelling: N/A

Equipment resetSeverity: Warning SB: HW setupFault code: 148 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Equipment has been reset.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

Fault in unitSeverity: Critical SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 150 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Temperature is out of range2. MWU power amplifier voltage is out of range3. MWU medium power amplifier voltage is out of range4. IF-PLL database is missing5. Subband conflict between modem and MWU6. Intermediate frequency conflict between IFU and MWU7. Incorrect duplex frequency for subband8. Band database is missing9. Band database line is missing.Instructions:1. Verify that the outside temperature is within the range defined in thetechnical specifications.2. - 9. The outdoor unit is faulty. Replace the faulty ODU and send it forrepair.Cancelling: N/A

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Real time lost faultSeverity: Major SB: Real time clockFault code: 165 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Real time clock is not set.Instructions: Set the real time clock. The real time clock is lost whenthe power is switched off.Cancelling: N/A

Far-end alarmSeverity: Major SB: Radio interfaceFault code: 179 Consequence: N/AMeaning:1. Loop to equipment loopback is set in the far-end outdoor unit2. Loop to interface loopback is set in the far-end outdoor unitInstructions:1. Cancel the loopback at the far-end2. Wait for the control timeout to expire at the far-end or restart the far-end outdoor unit. Control timeout can be set by the user within certainlimits.Cancelling: N/A

Real time updatedSeverity: Warning SB: Real time clockFault code: 184 Consequence: N/AMeaning: Real time clock time difference has been over 5 s and it hasbeen automatically updated.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

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SB 2: IdentificationsFault code: 185 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: Unit alarm settings have been changed by the user.Meaning 2: Q1 identifications have been changed by the user.Instructions: N/ACancelling: Warning resets automatically

Configuration errorSeverity: Minor SB 1: Identifications

SB 2: SW setupFault code: 186 Consequence: N/AMeaning 1: One or more of the following identifications missing:1. FE type string2. FE product code string3. FE product version string4. FE serial number string5. FE user’s manual product code string6. FE user’s manual product version stringMeaning 2:1. No backup available for this unit.2. Backup is available and needs activation.Instructions 1: The outdoor unit is faulty. Replace the faulty ODU andsend it for repair.Instructions 2:1. Make the backup.2. Activate the backup, if desired.Cancelling: N/A

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Appendix B. Examples of CommissioningB.1 Commissioning an FIU19E Chaining Station

In this example a chaining station is being commissioned. The networkelement is composed of one FIU19E indoor unit with 4 x 2M interfaces andtwo FlexLink 38A outdoor units. Far-end stations have similar setups withFlexLink 38A' outdoor units. The setup is presented in Figure IV-57. Forclarity, only the other far-end (Far-end 1) is drawn.

Chaining station

4 x 2M interfaces

ODU 2Capacity 4 x 2M(2 x 2M payload)

ODU 1Capacity 4 x 2M(3 x 2M payload)

FlexiLink 38AFlexLink 38A

FIU19E2M cable to BTS

FlexiLink 38A'Far-end ODUCapacity 4 x 2M(2 x 2M payload)

Far-end 1

Figure IV-57 Station configuration example

Before commissioning, the radios have been installed in the mast and allthe cables have been connected. The indoor unit has been connected to apower source. Far-end units have similarly been installed, and the radio atFar-end 1 has been commissioned and is transmitting.

The following information, as determined by transmission planning, is athand when starting the commissioning:

• Tx frequencies for the radios: ODU1 = 37 194 500 kHz;ODU2 = 37 320 500 kHz

• Maximum Tx power for the radios: ODU1 = 10.0 dBm, ALCQ on;ODU2 = 11.0 dBm, ALCQ on

• Interleaving settings: ODU1 = four-depth interleaving; ODU2 =four-depth interleaving

• Station type and protection equipment: Chaining, Single• Flexbus capacities = ODU transmit capacities: FB1(ODU1) = 4 x 2

Mbit/s; FB2(ODU2) = 4 x 2 Mbit/s• Equipment address and baud rate of the Q1 and LMP ports: Q1 port:

group address 4051, NE address 316, baud rate 9600 bit/s. LMP: baudrate 15200 bit/s

• Routing of the Q1 bus: Q1-1, Q1-2 On; Processor; Flexbus; FB1;FB2

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• Cross-connection of channels: Two 2 Mbit/s signals are repeatedthrough this station. One 2 Mbit/s signal is added to the traffic goingout from ODU1.

• Calculated Rx-levels for both hops.

To commission this setup:1. Switch the power on (see Chapter 3.3).2. Connect the PC to the LMP of the indoor unit (see Chapter 2.2) and

start FlexLink Manager (see Chapter 2.3.1)3. Connect to the network element (see Chapter 2.5) and run

commissioning wizard (see Chapter 3.4). The manager reads theinstalled equipment configuration.

4. Fill in the basic settings in the wizard as they are presented to you(see Chapter 3.4).1. Give the site information.2. Set station type and protection mode.3. Set Flexbus (outdoor unit) capacities.4. Set Q1 and LMP port baud rates and addresses.5. Set Q1 branching bridges (Figure IV-58).

Figure IV-58 Example of the Q1 branching bridge settings

6. Set the transmit frequency and maximum transmit power. Thesettings are made for both outdoor units separately.

7. The manager now displays all made settings.

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8. Set installation info and the node clock.

NOTE!As the radio at Far-end 1 is already commissioned and transmitting, ODU2 can now be fine-aligned. Note also, that as ODU 1 is now transmitting inthe correct frequency, the commissioning of the next station in the chaincan be started. In the most desirable situation there is a crew working at theboth ends of a hop when it is being commissioned. Then problems withantenna alignment, for example, can be fixed more easily.

5. Fine-align the ODU 2 antenna (see Chapter 3.5). Verify that the Rx-input level determined by the transmission planning is met. Thiscan be done by clicking Maintenance → Performance →Measurements. Acceptable deviation is ± 3 dB.

6. Make the cross-connections with the manager (see Chapter 3.7).

Figure IV-59 Example of cross-connections

7. Measure the fading margin to Far-end 1 (see Chapter 3.8).8. Make any additional settings. In this case, set the interleaving to

four-depth mode in both radios (see Chapter 3.6.4) and set ALCQon. Make also any performance management and configurationbackup settings.

9. Reset the statistics and the error counters (see Chapter 3.9).10. Monitor the hop to Far-end 1 for half an hour. Record any alarms if

they occur.

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11. If the signal quality is OK (unavailability time = 0) and there are nounexpected alarms, the commissioning is finished. At this point:1. Save a copy of the node to a file.2. Export the alarm log to a file.3. Export the measurement log to a file.4. Export the statistics to a file.5. Close the connection to the node.If there is any unavailability time during the monitoring, repeat themonitoring.

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