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Flight Instructors Guide
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Available from 0800 GET RULES (0800 438 785)
Revised June 2003
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The Theory 1Introduction 1
Information Processing 1Definition of Learning 2Characteristics of Learning 2
Chapter 1Learning theory 5Learning components 5How adults learn 6Perception 6Insights 8Motivation 8Levels of learning 9Learning a skill 10Transfer of learning 13Forgetting and retention theories of forgetting 13
Chapter 2Human behaviour 15Human needs 15Defence mechanisms 17The instructors role in human relations 17
Chapter 3Effective communication 19Basic elements of the communication process 19The source 19Symbols 20Receiver 20Barriers to effective communication 20Lack of a common core of experience 21Confusion between the symbol and the thing symbolised 21Use of abstractions 21
Chapter 4The teaching process 23Preparation 23Presentation 25Application 25Review and evaluation 25
Chapter 5Teaching methods 27Organising material 27Lecture method 29Guided discussion method 32Demonstration-performance method 36Programmed instruction 37
Chapter 6Evaluation 39Observations 39Oral Questioning 40Written Tests 42Effective Question Writing 48Principles of Effective Question Writing 48Performance Tests 48
Chapter 7Instructional aids 51Reasons for using them 51Guidelines for their use 51Types 52Computer-based instruction 54Future developments 54
Chapter 8Role modelling 55Professionalism 55Sincerity 55Personal appearance and habits 55Safety and accident prevention 56Self improvement 56
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The Lessons 59Pre-Flight Briefings 61
Taxiing 69
Effects of Primary Controls 75
Effects of Ancillary Controls 83
Straight-and-Level 89
Climbing 97
Descending 109
Climbing and Descending 115
Medium Turns 123
Basic Stalling 131
Advanced Stalling 141
Circuit Introduction 149
Circuit Considerations 161
Engine Failure After Takeoff 169
Flapless Circuit 179
Crosswind Circuit 185
The Standard Overhead Join 193
Vacating and Joining the Circuit 199
Radio Failure 203
Forced Landing Without Power The Pattern 209
Forced Landing Without Power Considerations 221
Glide Approach 231
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Steep Turns 237
Maximum Rate Turns 245
Wing-Drop Stalling 253
Compass Turns 259
Short-Field Takeoff 269
Short-Field Landing 277
Low Flying Introduction 285
Low Flying Consolidation 293
Precautionary Landing 301
Instrument Flying Introduction 307
Instrument Flying Limited Panel 315
Instrument Flying Unusual Attitudes 321
Map-Reading 327
Acknowledgments 335
References 337
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Acknowledgements
This Flight Instructors Guide has been prepared for the Civil Aviation Authority of New
Zealand by John Parker (Flight Testing Officer), with the assistance of CAA staff members
Michael Tucker and Murray Fowler.
Input on behalf of the Royal New Zealand Aero Club Inc was provided by Robin Porter
(Auckland Aero Club), Wayne Harrison (New Plymouth Aero Club), John Penno (Otago Aero
Club), and Andrew Buttle (North Shore Aero Club).
On behalf of the Aviation Industry Association of New Zealand Inc Flight Training Division,
input was provided by Gordon Vette and Mark Carter (Flightline Aeronautical College), Russell
enkins (Associated Flying School), and Andy Smith (Nelson Aviation College).
Input from Aviation Services Limited was provided by Paul Collard-Scruby and Alan Daley
(Auckland Examiners), Graham Leach (Wellington Examiner), and Peter Dixon (Christchurch
Examiner).
Comments were received from Bruce Farquhar (author of a New Zealand student flight training
manual, Airborne the Complete Pilot, 1995), and Harold Bennett (friend and consultant to the
CAA of New Zealand).
Preparation of the draft copies was carried out by Ted Fletcher, and the pre-flight briefings were primarily drawn from the Ardmore Flying School, with the invaluable computer skills of Michael
Berghan.
The total presentation has been overseen by Dr Lynn Hunt (Massey University, School of
Aviation).
Where no other reference is cited, this document draws heavily on the information provided in
the Australian Civil Aviation and US Federal Aviation Administration Flight Instructor
Handbooks, and their permission to reproduce that information is gratefully acknowledged.
This guide is to be used, not in isolation, but in conjunction with the recommended texts and an
appropriate course of flight instructor training.
Footnote, June 2003 edition: The above acknowledgements were omitted from the 1999 edition.
They appear here substantially as drafted in 1999; persons places of employment will have since
changed in many instances.
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The Theory
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Chapter 1Learning theory
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Learning a skill
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Knowledge of results
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Transfer of learning
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Chapter 2Human behaviour
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P H Y S I C A L
S A F E T YS O C I A L
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Defence mechanisms
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The instructors role in human relations
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Chapter 3Effective communication
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Symbols
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Lack of a common core of experience
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Chapter 4The teaching process
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Presentation
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Chapter 5Teaching methods
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Advantages of the lecture,QDOHFWXUH\RXFDQSUHVHQWPDQ\LGHDVLQDUHODWLYHO\VKRUWWLPH)DFWVDQGLGHDVWKDWKDYHEHHQORJLFDOO\RUJDQLVHGFDQEHFRQFLVHO\SUHVHQWHGLQUDSLGVHTXHQFH/HFWXULQJLVWKHPRVWHFRQRPLFDOWHDFKLQJPHWKRGLQWHUPVRIWKHWLPHUHTXLUHGWRSUHVHQWDJLYHQDPRXQWRIPDWHULDO,WLVDOVRDFRQYHQLHQWPHWKRGIRUODUJHJURXSV
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Chapter 6Evaluation
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Aircraft Performance and Operating Requirements
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Oral Questioning
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Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
Kit (Bullseye ) Carson(reliable and valid shooting)
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Examp les:
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Chapter 7Instructional aids
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Chapter 8Role modelling
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Personal appearance and habits
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