A FLOOR is the walking surface of an object space. Floors typically consist of a SUBFLOOR for support and a floor covering / FLOORING. Subfloor often has electrical wiring,
plumbing, under floor heating and other installations built in.
Flooring is the general term for a usually permanent covering of a floor The choice of material for floor covering is affected by factors such as cost, endurance, noise insulation, comfort and cleaning
Special floor structures are used for a number of purposes:
- Floating floor, normally for noise or vibration reduction
- Glass floor, as in glass bottomed elevators
- Nightingale floor makes a noise when an intruder walks on it
- Raised floor, utilities underneath can be accessed easily
- Sprung floor, improves the performance and safety of athletes and dancers
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
The subfloor may be finished in a way that makes it usable without any extra work:
- Earthen floor adobe or clay floors
- Solid ground floor cement screed or granolithic
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
FLO
OR
ING
FIN
ISH
ES
SOFT carpet, rugs
WOOD and LAMINATE hardwood plank and parquet; laminate;
bamboo, cork
RESILIENT linoleum, vinyl, cork, rubber
HARD ceramic tile, stone, glass, concrete /
cement tiles
SEAMLESS CHEMICAL FLOORING latex, polyester, urethane or epoxy
SUSTAINABLE FLOORING cork, bamboo, natural carpets, stone,
hardwood, linoleum, ceramic tile
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
A carpet is a textile floor covering consisting of an upper layer of "pile" attached to
a backing. The pile is made from fibers.
Fibers natural (wool), synthetics (Nylon, Olefin, Polyester (P.E.T.), and Triexta) or a mixed.
Backings & Latex
Most backings are a web of plastic, rubber, urethane or jute.
Density Pile
The more fibers per inch, the better the carpet should
perform. Test with a finger.
Pile height
The taller the fibers stand, the less the carpet will perform over time.
Twist Level
Twist level is measured in turns per inch (or cm).
Stain Resistant Treatments
wear off in 5 to 7 years
Dye
pre-dyed yarns or post dyed yarns
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Pile height
Wool Carpet Fiber
The best and the most expensive; natural, durable,
luxurious, soft, flame resistant, water repellant and environmentally friendly; doesnt conduct static electricity, most stain resistant.
Nylon Carpet Fiber
petroleum-based synthetic fabric s; durable, resist abrasive wear damage and offers almost a lifetime resistance to stains.
Olefin (Polypropylene)
colorfast, prevents moisture damage, stain resistant, low in static, soft and lightweight, wont fade and stands up to strong chemical cleaning agents even bleach. It is less resilient than nylon and it has a low heat resistance.
Polyester (P.E.T.)
environmentally friendly, has built-in moisture and stain resistance, is colorfast and feels incredibly soft; affordable Triexta
new polyester fibers; durability, resilience, softness, ability to stretch with recovery water-based stain resistance
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
WOWEN
NEEDLES FELT
KNOTTED
TUFTING
The most common way of producing carpets
FLAT WEAVE
HOOKED RUG
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
LOOP PILE
Uncut, commercial carpet; smooth, consistent surface or high and low loops (textured appearance); olefin or nylon fibers; for high traffic usage
CUT PILE
Cut to the same height and
allowed to slightly tuft - a dense, soft appearance; residential market
Saxony (or plush)
grain texture, thick and soft and shows footprints; low foot traffic rooms
Textured Saxony
twisted differently than Saxony and steamed to create a permanent cur - trackless (no foot prints)
Frieze
The yarn actually curls over, creating a very durable and elegant product that hides footprints and vacuum lines.
Cable
Constructed of thicker. longer yarns; beautiful, comfortable and very luxurious; high traffic home areas
CUT & LOOP
sculptured , cut and uncut
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
RESIDENTIAL
- ECO label GUT,
- Certificate UPEC.A
- U
- P
- E
- C
- A
Classification T
Scotchgard
Carpets could be in rolls (eg. 2 or 4 meters with or like tiles usually 50x50 cm.
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
OFFICES
- Carpet tiles 50x50 cm
- For commercial usage
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
HOSPITALITY
- For commercial usage, has to be durable, fire resistant
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
INSTITUTIONS
Melbourne Convention Centre
- corridor
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
ROOM
CARPET (in roll) INSTALLATION
small room - up to 20 m2)
- 1 piece carpet (in roll)
1. STICKING WITH 2 SIDES STICKY TAPE only for needles felt carpets and those with foam paddings
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
ROOM
CARPET (in roll) INSTALLATION
2. GLUING for 2-layered carpets and those with sponge foam paddings
- app. 300 g/m2 of glue
- app. 120 g/m2 of fixer
3. FIXATION WITH VELCRO TAPE carpets with textile backing and for needles felt carpets
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
ROOM
CARPET (tiles) INSTALLATION
ORGOGONAL AND DIAGONAL INSTALATION
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
SOLID HARDWOOD FLOORS
-made of planks milled from a single piece of timber with tongue and groove sides.
-unfinished or pre-finished 3/4 (19 mm or 21 mm)
-very sensitive to moisture - nailed down over a wood type sub-floor not recommended for use directly over a concrete slab or below ground level
-wood contractions caused by
temperature and moisture
ENGINEERED WOOD FLOORING
can be used in many areas where solid hardwood is not
recommended
-constructed of 3 or more thin sheets (plies) of wood, laminated together to form a single plank in a cross-ply construction - dimensionally stable, no influence of moisture and temperature variations
-versatility - can be installed anywhere; can be nailed down, stapled down, glued down even floated.
LONGSTRIP HARDWOOD FLOORING
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
PRE-FINISHED HARDWOOD FLOORS come ready to be installed (often means a harder and better-protected surface); more choices of wood and can save hours of labor and cleanup
-an extended factory finish warranty
-typically come with 6 to 10 coats of ultra-violet (UV) cured urethane applied to their surface
-finishes: UV-cured, Polyurethane, Acrylic-urethane
Hardwood, Aluminum Oxide, Acrylic Impregnated
UNFINISHED HARDWOOD FLOORS - gives ability to truly customize your floor and opportunity to level the surface of the entire floor after it has been installed
-finishes: Water Based Urethane, Solvent Based Urethane, Moisture Cured Urethane
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
- The numbers in parenthesis below the name represent the Janka hardness for each wood specie.
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
DRY RESIDENTAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACES,
FOR BASKETBALL PARQETE FLOOR
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
1. Nail Down: solid wood strips or planks are typically installed by using nailing cleats, a wood flooring nailer and a mallet to attach them to a subfloor. Solid strips and planks can only be nailed to wooden subfloors on or above grade.
2. Staple Down: staples are used to attach the wood
flooring to the subfloor. A pneumatic gun drives the staples into the hardwood and subfloor.
3. Glue Down: adhesive or a natural resin (called mastic) is spread with the proper trowel to adhere hardwood to the subfloor. This technique is typically used to install engineered and parquets since solid strip and plank floors can only be nailed or stapled down. 4. Floating: your hardwood floor is not mechanically fastened to any part of the subfloor - it floats. A thin pad is placed between the hardwood and the subfloor. Wood glue is applied in the tongue and groove of
each strip or plank to hold the pieces together.
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
1. Nail Down: solid wood strips or planks are typically installed by using nailing cleats, a wood flooring nailer and a mallet to attach them to a subfloor. Solid strips and planks can only be nailed to wooden subfloors on or above grade.
2. Staple Down: staples are used to attach the wood
flooring to the subfloor. A pneumatic gun drives the staples into the hardwood and subfloor.
3. Glue Down: adhesive or a natural resin (called mastic) is spread with the proper trowel to adhere hardwood to the subfloor. This technique is typically used to install engineered and parquets since solid strip and plank floors can only be nailed or stapled down. 4. Floating: your hardwood floor is not mechanically fastened to any part of the subfloor - it floats. A thin pad is placed between the hardwood and the subfloor. Wood glue is applied in the tongue and groove of
each strip or plank to hold the pieces together.
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
1. Nail Down: solid wood strips or planks are typically installed by using nailing cleats, a wood flooring nailer and a mallet to attach them to a subfloor. Solid strips and planks can only be nailed to wooden subfloors on or above grade.
2. Staple Down: staples are used to attach the wood
flooring to the subfloor. A pneumatic gun drives the staples into the hardwood and subfloor.
3. Glue Down: adhesive or a natural resin (called mastic) is spread with the proper trowel to adhere hardwood to the subfloor. This technique is typically used to install engineered and parquets since solid strip and plank floors can only be nailed or stapled down. 4. Floating: your hardwood floor is not mechanically fastened to any part of the subfloor - it floats. A thin pad is placed between the hardwood and the subfloor. Wood glue is applied in the tongue and groove of
each strip or plank to hold the pieces together.
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
1. Nail Down: solid wood strips or planks are typically installed by using nailing cleats, a wood flooring nailer and a mallet to attach them to a subfloor. Solid strips and planks can only be nailed to wooden subfloors on or above grade.
2. Staple Down: staples are used to attach the wood
flooring to the subfloor. A pneumatic gun drives the staples into the hardwood and subfloor.
3. Glue Down: adhesive or a natural resin (called mastic) is spread with the proper trowel to adhere hardwood to the subfloor. This technique is typically used to install engineered and parquets since solid strip and plank floors can only be nailed or stapled down. 4. Floating: your hardwood floor is not mechanically fastened to any part of the subfloor - it floats. A thin pad is placed between the hardwood and the subfloor. Wood glue is applied in the tongue and groove of
each strip or plank to hold the pieces together.
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan
MATERIALS:
Mosaic tile 30x30 mm
Ceramic tile 60x60 mm
Author: M.Arch Jelena Baturan