Florida and Reclaimed Water
December 8, 2016
Kristine Papin Morris, Environmental Administrator,
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
Florida
• In addition, Florida enjoys more than 100 million visitors annually.
• Florida is also home to 9.5 million acres of agriculture.
• “[I]t is the policy of the Legislature that the waters in the state be managed on a state and regional basis.”
2
• Florida has a population of nearly 20 million.
Where do we get our water now?
3
From the USGS, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center, 2012
Florida 2012 Fresh
Groundwater Fresh Surface
Water Total
Freshwater
Public Supply 2,026.03 255.09 2,281.12
Domestic self-supplied
211.35 0.00 211.35
Commercial-industrial-mining,
self-supplied 296.27 84.10 380.37
Agricultural, self-supplied
1,400.36 1,104.94 2,505.30
Recreational-landscape irrigation
196.18 197.62 393.80
Power Generation 36.59 573.95 610.54
Totals 4,166.78 2,215.7 6,382.48
Where do we get our water now?
4
From the USGS, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center, 2012
Florida 2012 Fresh
Groundwater Fresh Surface
Water Total
Freshwater
Public Supply 2,026.03 255.09 2,281.12
Domestic self-supplied
211.35 0.00 211.35
Commercial-industrial-mining,
self-supplied 296.27 84.10 380.37
Agricultural, self-supplied
1,400.36 1,104.94 2,505.30
Recreational-landscape irrigation
196.18 197.62 393.80
Power Generation 36.59 573.95 610.54
Totals 4,166.78 2,215.7 6,382.48
Population & Demand Projections
5
6.44 6.79
7.09 7.43
20 21
23 24
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
2015 2020 2025 2030
Wa
ter
Dem
an
d (
bg
d)
Water Use (mgd) Population
Projected Water Demand by Sector
6
0
1
2
3
4
2015 2020 2025 2030
Wa
ter
Dem
an
d (
bg
d)
Year
Public Water
Supply
Domestic and Small
Public Supply
Agricultural
Irrigation
Recreational
Irrigation
Commercial/Industr
ial/Institutional
Power Generation
Per Capita
12/1/2016 7
174.5 173.7
133.5
123
106
84.4
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Ga
llo
ns
pe
r d
ay
Public Supply Gross and Domestic (Residential) Per Capita Water Use in Florida
Gross Per Capita
Domestic Per Capita
20-Year Demand Projections
8
Over the next 20 years…
Net Demand Change
Future Demand Not Met
Future Demand Not Met after Conservation
Potential Water from AWS
Projects
Statewide 1,394 mgd 538 mgd 277-331 mgd 1,981 mgd
Alternative Water Supply Projects Funded Between 2005 and 2015
9
283
82
29 23 18
8 1 0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
Reclaimed
Water
Brackish
Groundwater
Surface Water Aquifer Storage
and Recovery
Other Stormwater Sea Water
Nu
mb
er o
f P
roje
cts
NWFWMD
SRWMD
SJRWMD
SWFWMD
SFWMD
Florida’s Reuse Growth
10
2015 Reclaimed Water Utilization by Flow
11
Includes 362,737 residences, 537 golf courses, 1,022 parks, and 369 schools
Map of Per Capita Reuse Flow by County
12
How do we incentivize reclaimed water?
13
Reverse Osmosis system
Stakeholder Recommendations
• Recommendation to look towards developing means to pursue direct potable reuse. • With that came a need to define what direct potable
reuse means?
• What process can Florida follow that is transparent and protective of human health?
• Recommendation to look to use excess surface water and stormwater to supplement reclaimed water systems in way that is protective of human health, but not have unduly burdensome requirements.
12/1/2016 14
• Recommendation to consistently address when reclaimed water is “environmentally, economically, and technically feasible.”
• Recommendation to require reuse in reclaimed water service areas for lawn and landscape.
• Recommendation to find new ways to incentivize expanding reuse service area.
12/1/2016 15
Stakeholder Recommendations
Questions?
16
Questions?
Reuse Policy Recent & Future Developments
David Childs
December 2016
Reuse Policy
• Major Recent Developments
– 2009-2012 Reuse Workgroup Legislation
– Numeric Nutrient Criteria
• Coming Developments
– 2016 Reuse Workgroup
– FWEA Utility Council Policy Recommendations
Recent Reuse Legislation
• SB 550 (2010) – Granted reclaimed water utilities the right to participate in the regional water supply
planning process
– Required water management districts to coordinate with reuse utilities when issuing consumptive use permits to potential reuse costumers
• HB 639 (2012) – Granted local government utilities control over their reclaimed water programs
– Established impact offset and substitution credit incentives for reuse utilities
• These bills focused on reclaimed water as an alternative water supply.
FDEP NNC Rules • FDEP Rule Hierarchical approach: TMDLs, Level II WQBELS…
• Lakes & springs stand alone criteria ≈ EPA numbers
– Springs: 0.35 mg/L-Nitrate
– Lakes: Variable based on color, alkalinity
• EPA stream numbers + “Biological Confirmation”
– Streams are more narrowly defined
• Estuaries
– Existing conditions, TMDLs, & reference sites
• Coastal Waters
– Chlorophyll-a
• Wetlands
– Narrative still applies
20
Irrigation Systems & NNC
• When a utility applies to FDEP for a permit
to construct or modify a facility that provides reclaimed water for irrigation purposes, the utility must provide FDEP with reasonable assurances that the project will not “cause or contribute to violations of water quality standards in surface waters.” Rules 62-610.850(1)(a); 610.800(1), F.A.C.
• “If water quality standards cannot be met, additional treatment or disinfection shall be provided or other operational control measures shall be implemented.” Id. at (1)(d).
Nutrient TMDLS
• Florida already has over 100 nutrient TMDLs
• More coming!
• Allocations among WWTPs, MS4s, Industries, Ag… § 403.067(6)(b), (7)(b)
• Significant nutrient reductions for storm water
– Bayou Chico: 30% TN & TP reductions
– North Escambia Bay: 35% TP reduction
– Hillsborough River (channelized segment): 50% TN & 60% TP reductions
– Lake Dora: 67% reduction in TP
22
2016 Reuse Workgroup
• Reduce Reclaimed Water Discharges
• Increase Reclaimed Water Use
• …but how?
FWEA Utility Council Rec’s
• Optimize Reclaimed Water Infrastructure
• Address Peak Demand Challenges
• Expand Reuse Incentive Policies
• Develop Direct Potable Reuse Program
• Clarify Reuse Feasibility Evaluations
FWEA Utility Council Rec’s
• Improve Reclaimed Water Supply Planning – Require 20-year Regional Water Supply Plans to include
reclaimed water use component.
– Link reuse feasibility studies to the Plans.
– Require evaluation of project’s relationship to TMDL, BMAP, RAP, and MFL implementation; its cost-effectiveness; and its overall water resource benefits.
Need More Information?
David Childs [email protected]
Hopping Green & Sams 119 S. Monroe Street Suite 300 Tallahassee, FL 32301 (850) 222-7500
Call, email, or stop by my office
Save Our Indian River Lagoon
Project Plan
Virginia Barker, Director
Brevard County Natural Resources Management Department
December 8th, 2016
Florida Stormwater Association Winter Conference
External Pollution Sources
Versus Muck Flux in the IRL
1%
15%
21%
26%
37%
1% 2%
24%
28%
45% Total
PHOSPHORUS
Sources
Total
NITROGEN
Sources
Point Sources Atmospheric Deposition
Stormwater Runoff Groundwater Baseflow
Muck Flux
29
Project Selection
Projects were selected to:
– Maximize nutrient reductions
– Minimize cost
– Reduce risk
– Shorten lag time
– Optimize return on investment
30
Pollutant Sources Addressed in the Save Our Lagoon Project Plan
Fertilizer
Point sources –
reclaimed water
Septic systems
Stormwater
Muck flux
• Atmospheric
31
“Irrigating with reclaimed water containing 9 ppm TN resulted in
turfgrass growth rates similar to those achieved using the
standard UF/IFAS fertilization” (2013 IFAS document #SL389).
Reduce – Reclaimed Water
Nutrients
Reduce – Nutrients in
Reclaimed Water
• 6-9 ppm TN supports sod with minimal leaching
• Higher concentrations leach more nutrients
• Upgrading WWTF effluent treatment to 6-9 ppm TN
may cost-effectively reduce groundwater pollution
33
Facility Cost to
Upgrade
TN Removed
after
Attenuation
(lbs/yr)
Cost/lb/yr
of TN
Removed
City of Palm Bay WRF $1,400,000 17,790 $79
City of Titusville Osprey WWTF $8,000,000 22,988 $348
City of West Melbourne Ray Bullard WRF $6,000,000 5,368 $1,118
Barefoot Bay WRF $6,000,000 3,507 $1,711
North Regional WWTF $6,000,000 1,739 $3,451
Port St. John WWTF $6,000,000 2,037 $2,946
City of Melbourne Grant Street WWTF $6,000,000 1,498 $4,004
Project Plan Summary
34 Project
Category Project Type
Estimated Total
Project Cost
Nitrogen
Reductions
(lbs/yr)
Average
Cost/lb/yr
of TN
Reduce
Fertilizer Management/Public Education $625,000 6,123 $102
WWTF Upgrades for Reclaimed Water $9,400,000 40,778 $214
Septic System Removal $41,764,000 56,509 $852
Septic System Upgrades $22,192,000 27,659 $802
Stormwater Denitrification Projects $10,800,000 118,440 $88
Remove Muck Removal $198,100,000 491,300 $408
Restore Oyster Reef Living Shorelines $10,000,000 21,120 $473
Respond Projects Monitoring $10,000,000 N/A N/A
Total Total $302,881,000 761,929 $398
Integrated Water
Resources
Ed Torres, M.S., P.E., LEED AP
Director of Public Works & Utilities
Overview – A Sustained
Progression
Regional Water Reclamation Facility
• Entire City retrofitted with
reclaimed water lines
• Effluent Disposal Measure –
cutting edge at the time… 30 years
ago!
• Over 100 miles of reclaimed water
mains
• High Service Pumps and Ground
Storage Tanks
• Groundwater and Surface Water
Augmentation
• Wet Weather Discharge…the
Florida Apricot Act of 1994
Reductions in Potable Water Use
• Ent
ire
Cit
y
ret
rofi
tte
d
wit
h
rec
lai
me
d
wa
ter
lin
es
• Effl
ue
nt
Dis
po
sal
Me
as
ure
–
cut
tin
g
ed
ge
at
the
tim
e…
30
ye
ars
ag
o!
• Ov
er
10
0
mil
es
of
rec
lai
me
d
wa
ter
ma
ins
• Hig
h
Se
rvi
ce
Pu
mp
s
an
d
Gr
ou
nd
Sto
rag
e
Ta
nk
s
• Gr
ou
nd
wa
ter
an
d
Su
rfa
ce
Wa
ter
Au
gm
ent
ati
on
• We
t
We
ath
er
Dis
ch
arg
e…
the
Flo
rid
a
Ap
ric
ot
Act
of
19
94
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
An
nu
al A
ve
rag
e P
ota
ble
wate
r P
rod
uc
tio
n (
mg
d)
Year
Prior to Urban Use After Urban Use
Reuse Augmentation
Facility
• Insert Map Here
• Integration of Stormwater and
Reclaimed Water
• Virtually eliminates stormwater and
RWRF discharges to the Little
Wekiva River
• Alternative Water Supply: 4.5 MGD
• Estimated nutrient load reduction:
28,043 lbs/yr TP and 62,659 lbs/yr
TN
• BMAP, TMDL, MFLs, Springs and
cost benefits
• Insert Map Here
Source Water
Treatment
Potable Reuse Pilot Project Now and into the future, the City's goal is to maintain a high quality
sustainable water supply for our community. Water supply is not as
abundant as it once was in central Florida.
Altamonte Springs’ service area is within two (2) primary areas
susceptible to groundwater withdrawals as identified by the CFWI
(Central Florida Water Initiative) process.
Increasing regulations further protecting water resources; springs,
streams, lakes, and groundwater aquifer (Minimum Flows and
Levels) can eventually limit additional groundwater pumping. In
fact, it is now known that pumping permits have been issued for an
amount of water greater than what is available in the aquifer
(CFWI) to support the environmental and human water supply
needs.
Increasing population densities in our service area over time will
require more water, more efficient use of water, and an expanded
portfolio of alternative water supplies (groundwater, stormwater,
reclaimed, and, yes, a small portion of potable reuse).
Although Florida has seemingly abundant yearly rainfall totals,
Floridians tend to forget that most of the rainfall water is lost to the
ocean through past "ditch and drain" practices that allowed for the
development of the State. Also forgotten is the fact that Florida has
prolonged droughts (i.e., 1984,1998, 2006, etc.), which combined
with higher demands due to population growth, will require
development of additional water sources.
Potable Reuse Pilot Project
• 20 GPM purified water stream
• Explores treatment trains that could 1) reduce or
eliminate concentrate from RO and 2) reduce
operating costs
• Educational component via Altamonte Springs
Science Incubator (AS2I) reaching 3,300 students
per year
• Water Quality data can be shared with FDEP for
future modification of regulatory framework to allow
direct connection to water distribution syst.
• Provides foundation for larger scalable project
Initial Process
Configuration
Thanks
QUESTIONS?