My grammar

revision guide!

Name: ______________

Class: ______________

Term Definition Type of question

Grammatical termsNoun A noun is a ‘naming’ word: a word

used for naming an animal, a person, a place or a thing.

There are different types of nouns: proper, common, collective and

uncountable.

Underline all of the nouns in the sentence. On Saturday, we often play in the park or our garden.

Add a noun to the sentence below.How many ______ have you got?

Proper Noun This is a noun used to name particular people and places: Bob, Doris, London… and some ‘times’: Monday, Easter, April… It always

begins with a capital letter.

Explain why some of the words in this sentence start with a capital letter.Last August, when Emilie went on holiday to Spain, she read The Chronicles of Narnia.

Verbs Verbs are actions or states happening now, in the past or in the

future.Actions can be things you can see

happening (e.g. run, jump, build) or they can be invisible actions (e.g.

think, imagine, hear, love)Frequently used verbs are be – am, is, are, was; have – have, has, had.

Circle the two verbs in the sentence below.

Leaves fall from the trees in the autumn but they grow again in the

spring.

Tick one box to show the verb.Jo, the oldest girl in my class, often

wears a funny hat.

Modal verbs A modal verb is a word that tells you how possible, or necessary, an action

is (e.g. might, may, can, will)A modal verb is used together with another verb (e.g. He can run. She

might win.).

Circle one modal verb in the sentence.If it rains, you must bring an umbrella

and wear your wellies.

Tick the sentence which is least likely to happen.

Alex can go to the cinema on Friday.Sam will bring her sister to the party.Jo may be singing in the show tonight.Jay could arrive at any time.

Present and past progressive continuous

Progressive tenses refer to an action that is continuous. (E.g. I am reading this book at the

moment).Progressive tenses are made of two parts: the verb ‘to be’ + a verb

ending in – ing.Present progressive = I am running;

you are skipping; he/she or it is jumping; we/they are hopping.

Past progressive = I was reading; you were writing; he/she or it was

watching; we/they were looking.

Sentence Present progressive

Archie is cooking tea for us.Lucy wants to make a drink.The children are waiting for their teacher.We will arrive home tomorrow.

Tick the sentences which are written using the present progressive tense.

Fill in the gaps using the past progressive form of the verbs.

While I _________ hard on my homework,

my sister ________ on the sofa.

Present perfect forms of verbs

Perfect forms have two parts. The present perfect tense refers to an activity that begins in the past and continues in the present (e.g. We

Underline the verb in the sentence below in the present perfect tense.We moved to the country three

years ago and we have lived here

to work

to relax

have lived here for five years).

The past perfect tense shows that one action has happened before

another when both are in the past (e.g. I had seen you before you

saw me).

since then.

Fill in the gaps in the sentence, using the present perfect form of the verbs.

Leo________ his lines for the school

play and his dad ________ him make

his costume.

Adjectives Adjectives describe nouns. They may be in front of the noun (e.g. a

hungry dog) or after a noun (e.g. the dog is hungry).

Interrogative adjectives – e.g. what, which. They are used to ask

questions about a noun. (E.g. Which hat do you prefer?).

Comparatives and superlatives are special types of adjectives that are

used to compare two or more things. (e.g. bigger, biggest, smaller,

smallest).

Complete the sentence using the word danger as an adjective.

When the river floods, __________

Tick one box in each row to show whether the underlined words are adjectives or verbs.

Sentence Adjective

Verb

The running water overflowed the top of

the bath.The dog buried a bone beneath the

tree.You must radio for

help as soon as you can.

Never trust a smiling crocodile.

Conjunctions Conjunctions join clauses.The different types of conjunctions

are:Coordinating conjunctions: for, and,

nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)Subordinating conjunctions:

because, as, so, if, although, despite, unless, when, after, before, while, since, during, once,

where.

In the past we may have called some of these words connectives.

Add the most suitable conjunction from the box to the sentence.

Tom was playing by the pond ________ Alex was digging in the sand pit.

Add two subordinating conjunctions to the sentence below.

________ you are my best friend, sometimes I like to play with Sajad.

________ he likes to climb trees and you don’t.

Pronouns Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns in a sentence. They help to avoid repeating the same

words. There are different types of pronouns:

Personal pronouns: I, you, she, it, we, they, me, you, him, her it, us,

the.Possessive pronouns: mine, yours,

his, hers, its, ours, theirs.Relative pronouns: who, which,

when, where, that.You can decide if a word is a pronoun by testing whether you can replace it

with a noun.Remember: I and me are pronouns!

Circle all of the pronouns in the sentence.While you were watching television, I

made you supper.

Which pairs of pronouns complete the sentence below?

The car wouldn’t start so ______ had to ask someone to help _______.I my we is you my they us

Explain why the underlined pronoun is used in the passage below.Alexandra was ready for the match. She was looking forward to it.

Tick the correct box to indicate the type of pronoun.

Sentence Possessive

Relative

My friend is having a swimming party.I have a baby brother who is more annoying than you.

Possessive pronouns

Relative pronouns

Adverbs An adverb tells you more about the verb (it ‘adds’ to the verb). It nearly always answers the questions: How?

When? Where? or Why?Most adverbs in English end in –ly

and come from adjectives:E.g. soft – softly; slow – slowly.

Some words can be either adverbs or

Tick two boxes to show the sentences below that contain adverbial phrases.

They love watching funny cartoons.Later that day we all shared pizza.We ran as fast as we could.Our television was broken.

Rewrite the sentence below, moving the adverbial to the end.More slowly than a snail, Josh put on his

Adverbial phrases

unless if while where

adjectives depending on what they do in a sentence, e.g. fast, hard, late.If they answer the questions: How? When? Where? or Why? – they are

adverbs.If they answer the question: “What is it like?” - they are adjectives, and will be telling you more about a specific

noun.

coat._____________________________________

Add a suitable adverbial to complete the sentence.The museum opens a new exhibition ___________________________________________ .Tick one box to show which part of the sentence is an adverbial.Everyone in our class, has brought a

picnic to eat in the new nature garden.

Prepositions A preposition is a word that often gives information about time or

place.The different types of prepositions

are:

Prepositions of time: after, at before, by, for, to, until.

Prepositions of place: at, above, by, between, beside, from, into, next,

onto, through.

Prepositions are followed by a noun or noun phrase (e.g. on the table,

behind a damaged tree).

Circle all the prepositions in the passage below.

Felix was sitting beside the teacher. He could see the park in the distance

through the open window and imagined he was there, playing on the swings.

Tick one box in each row to show whether the word until is used as a preposition or

conjunction.Sentence until

preposition

untilconjunctio

nWe can’t leave for the airport until I find the passports.You can stay up until midnight on New Year’s eve.Sam is visiting his grandma until the weekend.

Determiners A determiner is a word that shows whether you are referring to a noun in general or in particular. It usually comes at the beginning of a noun

phrase.

There are lots of different determiners but the ones you need

to know are:a words: a, an, any

th words: the, that, this, these, those

quantity words: all, some, any, much, more, many

Numbers: three, fifty, one thousandRemember – that an is used in front of a word beginning with vowel a e i

o u or a silent h.

Add the correct determiners to the sentence below.

Please can I have ______ apple, ______ bananas or ________ orange for my lunch.

Re-write the sentence below, changing the determiner.

I really like those shoes.____________________________________

Circle all of the determiners in the passage below.

The detectives couldn’t find any evidence of a burglary so they returned

to their police station.

Sentence typesStatements A statement gives information. It

always ends in a full-stop.These are sentences which state

facts.e.g.: It is hot.

The butter is in the fridge.

Write a question with this answer.___________________________ Yes, please.

Write this question as a command.Can you open the window?_______________________________

Add a question mark ? or exclamation mark ! to the sentences below.

How awful _____How do you do _____What do you think _____What a day _____Are these sentences statements or commands?

Sentence Statement

Command

Questions A question asks someone for more information, or to do something. It

ends with a question mark and often includes a question word (e.g. what,

when, where, who, why, how).

e.g.: Are you hot?Where is the butter?

Commands A command orders someone to do something. It begins with a verb.

e.g.: Play the movie.Give me a dinosaur for my birthday.

You all need to understand so listen carefully to the instructions.My tyre was punctured straightaway by some broken glass.Before you leave, pick up the rubbish.We must make a bonfire to burn all the fallen leaves.

Exclamations An exclamation expresses an emotion, such as surprise or joy. It

begins with How or What and ends with an exclamation mark.e.g. What a lovely present!

Words, phrases and clausesClause A clause is a part of a sentence with

a verb in it.

A main clause makes sense on its own.

Two main clauses are joined together by the coordinating conjunctions.

A Subordinate clause is not a complete sentence. It includes a

subordinating conjunction.

The subordinate clause can appear before, inside or after a main clause.

Underline the subordinate clause in each sentence below.

While you were playing outside, I finished my book.

We will go for a picnic unless it rains.

Add the correct word to complete the subordinate clause.

The museum has a variety of exciting exhibitions ________ the most popular is the Roman village __________ it is located on the ground floor. School groups are invited to

dress up in Roman clothing _________ would like to do so.

Sentence Mainclaus

e

Subordinate clause

The summer weather is usually warm although sometimes we get rain.

If you scatter breadcrumbs on the grass, the ducks will

come.We don’t need to bring wellies unless it rains.Picking up litter is a

school rule.

Main clause/ subordinate clause

Relative clause A relative clause adds extra information about a noun or noun

phrase. The sentence makes sense without it.

A relative clause on its own is not a complete sentence.

It often begins with who, which, when, where, that.

A relative clause is a type of subordinate clause.

Circle the relative clause in the sentence below.

Mickey won a trophy, which was a large silver cup, at his athletics competition.

Add the correct relative pronoun.The photograph __________ is hanging in the school hall reminds us of the day

_________ the Queen came to visit.Sentence that as

a relative clause

that as a determine

r

The judge preferred that picture to this one.

Games of chess that last for hours are hard work.

I would like to watch that film at the weekend.

The door that leads to the fire escape should not be locked.

Noun phrase A phrase is a group of words which does not make complete sense on its own and does not contain a verb; it is not a complete sentence: e.g.: up the

mountain.

A noun phrase includes the noun and any adjectives to describe it.

A noun phrase gives detail to a noun. The determiner is part of the

noun phrase.

Information about the noun can appear in front of or after the noun,

or in both places.

Add your own words to the sentence below to expand the noun phrase.Dino has a _________ __________ game.

Underline the longest possible noun phrase in the sentence below.The shed at the end of the garden is quite creepy.

Which of these sentences contain noun phrases.

Large dogs are not allowed in the playground.Please give it to me.Finlay took his brother’s new computer game.You are taller and stronger than me.

Standard EnglishSubject-verb agreement

In the present tense, regular verbs change according to how many

people are doing them (e.g. I am eating dinner. We are eating

dinner).

To be correct you must know the difference between singular (just one) and plural (more than one)

subjects.

Circle the correct words to complete the sentences below.

Miss Bennett is/are talking in class.Our team is/are trying hard to win the

competition.New flowers is/are appearing each day.

Match each subject with two correct verbs.eat

it believethey grows does

Subject and object All sentences contain a subject. This tells you who or what does the

action.

Some sentences contain an object. The object is who or what the action

is done to.

There can be more than one subject and more than one object in a

sentence.

Write S (subject) or O (object) in the two boxes for the sentence below.

Bethan trains her dog every day.

Rewrite the sentence below, changing the object.

The rabbits escaped from the hutch.

Circle all the subjects in the passage below.While he was waiting for his mum, Oscar listened to the radio in the car. Alysha, his favourite singer, was talking to the

presenter about her music.Formal/Informal

Active and passive Most sentences are written in the active voice (e.g. George broke

the window).They follow a subject + verb + object

order.Sometimes, a different word order is used: object + verb + subject. (e.g.

The window was broken by George).

This is called the passive voice.The passive voice is used when:

The writer wants to focus on the object.The writer doesn’t want to tell who did the action.The person is unknown.It doesn’t matter who did it.

Tick the sentence below that uses that passive voice.

Oscar drew a super picture.I love watching films.The cats played with a ball of string.Trees had been knocked over by the wind.

Rewrite the sentence in the passive voice.Hammed won the prize.

Rewrite the sentence in the active voice.The remains of the cake were eaten by the dog.

Subjunctive verb forms

The subjunctive verb form can be used when the speaker suggests or

recommends something and wants to sound formal.

The subjunctive can be used in sentences that suggest or

recommend (e.g. I suggest that...; He recommends that…; She

advises that…; We insist that…).

The subjunctive often uses the verb to be in an unusual way (e.g. If I

were you.. or I wish I were stronger…).

Circle the subjunctive form to complete the sentence below.

Olivia recommended that Sam sign/signs up for the school basketball team.

Tick one box to show the sentence written in the subjunctive form.

If you look in the cupboard, you will find your pencils.If I were you, I would save a little money each month.If I find your pencil case, I will tell you.

Rewrite the verb underlined in the sentence below.We suggest that he starts the test again.____________________________________

PunctuationCapital letters Every sentence begins with a capital

letter and ends with a full stop, exclamation mark or question

mark.

Add a tick in each row to show what kind of punctuation is needed.

? ! .What a lovely cake

What time does the race start

When you see Mark, please give him this letter.

Full-stopsQuestion marks

Exclamation marks

Commas in lists Used between a list of three or more words to replace the word and for all

but the last instance.Jenny’s favourite subjects are maths,

literacy and art.The giant had a large head, hairy

ears and two big, beady eyes.

Tick two boxes to show where the commas should go in the sentence below.

My favourite sports are football

basketball tennis and athletics.

Explain why a comma is used in the sentence below.My dog likes chasing a ball, learning new tricks and sleeping by the fire.____________________________________

Add commas to the passage below.Alfie uses a telescope to see the night sky the moon and the stars. Whenever the night is clear he looks at the stars.

Explain how a comma changes the meaning of the sentence below.

Will you help, Mark?Will you help Mark?

____________________________________

Add one comma to the sentence below.Running as fast as they could the children escaped from the dragon’s lair.

Commas to clarify meaning

To indicate contrast:The snake was brown, not green, and it was quite small.

Where the phrase (embedded clause) could be in brackets:The recipe, which we hadn't tried before, is very easy to follow.

Where the phrase adds relevant information:Mr Hardy, aged 68, ran his first marathon five years ago.

To mark a subordinate clause:If at first you don't succeed, try again.Though the snake was small, I still feared for my life.

Inverted commas Inverted commas are sometimes called speech marks. Inverted

commas are put around what the speaker says.

This is written as: Daisy said, “I love swimming.”Or, “I love swimming,” said Daisy.

A new speech sentence starts with a capital letter (even if it is in the middle of another sentence).

Separate what was said from the speaker with a comma unless there is a ? or !. “That was funny!” said Freddie.

If the speech is at the beginning of the sentence, put a comma after what is said. “That was funny,” said Freddie.

If the speech is at the end of the sentence put a comma after said.Gemma said, “I love a joke.”

Add one comma and one full stop to each of the sentences below.“ My sister is a champion dancer “ boasted ArchieLucia added “ My brother can dance well too “

Tick one box to show the sentence that is correctly punctuated.

“Let’s play one of your computer games,” suggested Amelie.“Look at the elephant directed Mr Archer.”“Shall we go out in the rain”? asked the children.I love playing in the rain,” said Emily”.

Rewrite the sentence below adding correct punctuation.We won the match shouted the team.

Why are inverted commas used in the sentence below?“Would you like to come for a walk?” asked Madeline.

Punctuation for parenthesis

A parenthesis is an ‘extra’ part of the sentence. The sentence can

make sense without it. There are 3 forms of punctuating parenthesis: commas, dashes and brackets.

A parenthesis can be used to:

Which sentence below uses commas correctly?

James despite being the chattiest boy, in the class, still managed to complete his work.James despite being the chattiest boy in the class, still managed to complete his work.

* give examples: Goats will eat almost anything (grass, vegetables, bits of rubbish);* add information: Bats, a protected species, must not be killed.* add a comment: Edward – late as usual- finally arrived at school.

James, despite being the chattiest boy in the class, still managed to complete his work.James, despite being the chattiest boy in the class still managed to complete, his work.

Add brackets to the sentence below.Before we leave on holiday, my dad goes through his checklist passport, tickets, toothbrush as he starts the car.

Explain why parenthesis have been used in the sentence below.Many members of the family (grandparents, cousins, aunts, and uncles) are coming to the party.

Colons Colons, semi-colons and single dashes can all be used to mark the

boundary between independent clauses.

They make a link between two sentences with linked ideas.

Colons can be used to introduce a list.

Hyphens are used to link two words together to make a compound noun.

Add a single dash to the sentence below.At the weekend, we went to the beach

and looked for interesting stones beneath the cliff it was a lovely day.

Rewrite the information below, correctly using a colon.

For her birthday, we bought my grandma her favourite flowers (daffodils, tulips and roses).

Add a semi-colon to the passage below.The light on the street corner flickered it

would soon be completely dark.

Semi-colonsSingle dashes

Hyphens

LanguageSynonyms and

antonymsSynonyms are words that have the

same meaning.Antonyms are words that have the

opposite meaning.

Write an antonym for the words below.love ___________quiet __________comfortable __________modern ____________

Tick the word closest in meaning to concur.agree argue conquer cure

Which word is a synonym of antiquated?old-fashioned half-heartedopen-minded sharply dressed

Prefixes Prefixes are added at the beginning of a root word.

Prefixes usually change the meaning of a word. (e.g. agree – disagree).

Most prefixes are added without any change in spelling.

Some prefixes have negative meanings e.g. dis + appoint, mis +

behavePrefixes can be used for a range of

meanings:re = again or back sub = under

inter = between super = autoanti = against auto = self

Which prefix can be added to both words below?

____________septic____________social

Add a prefix from below to make each of the words correct.

aqua sub auto

_________graph_________aqua

_________marine

Suffixes Suffixes are added to the end of a word to make a new word.

Suffixes usually change a word’s form (e.g. an adjective to a noun:

clever – cleverness).Adding ‘ish’ to child – childishAdding ‘able’ to like – likeable

Adding ‘ion’ to act – action

Add suffixes to make these words nouns.

joyful ________direct ________build________

Add a suffix to make this word an adjective.

truth_______

Underline the suffixes in the words below.

rapidly slowness faster

Word families Root words are words that have a meaning of their own but can be

added to either with a prefix (before the root) or a suffix (after the root) to

change the meaning of the word. Root words can often be helpful in finding out what a word means or

where it is ‘derived’ from.

Many words are related in form and meaning; these are known as word

families.Words that belong to a family usually share the same root word or prefix.

For example:sign signature design

auto automatic autobiographyscience scientific

Add another word to this word familyPatience _____________

Write the root word for this word familyposter postage imposter

Underline the word that belongs to the same word family as cent, meaning one hundred.

ascent centurion century descent scented

Write a sentence using curve as a noun.

________________________________

Write a sentence using curve as a verb.

______________________________

Useful grammar revision websites

http://www.compare4kids.co.uk/literacy.php

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/english/spelling_grammar/

http://www.topmarks.co.uk/Interactive.aspx?cat=47

http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/interactive/literacy2.htm

http://www.crickweb.co.uk/ks2literacy.html

http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar

http://www.funbrain.com/grammar/Apps