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FMD OUTBREAK: A Practical Example of Adressing Gaps in Control Strategy
Dr Gaolathe ThobokweBotswana Vaccine Institute
HISTORY OF FMD IN BOTSWANA(1963 to 2011)
Year(s) 63 64 65 66 67 68 69-76 77 78 79 80
SAT virus type 3 3 3 3 Nil 1 Nil 1,2 1,2 1,2 2
3
Laboratory Module
4
Strategies for disease control
• Vaccination
• Public education
• Movement control/restriction (fences)
• Separation between the reservoir animal and livestock
• Eradication/stamping out
Botswana Veterinary Disease Control zones (Draft 03/07)
The Vete rina r y E pide m iology a nd E co nom ics Se c tionDe pa rt m ent of Anim al H ea lth a nd Pr oductionPriva te B ag 00 3 2Ga bor oneBots w a na
Te lep hone : + 2 67 39 506 3 5Fa x: + 2 67 31 8 138 3E-m a il: DA HP@ gov .bwBots w ana Foot and Mo uth Dis e as e C ontrol Zo ne s .ap r
Africa nat ional administrat ive boundaries
Veterinary d isease control zones
Stockf ree (fmd f ree zone)
Fmd buffa lo area
Fmd vaccination zone
Fmd free zone
FMD Buffa lo area(Live-stock area)
Legend
Delta
Disease contro l fences
(a) Buf falo areas (b) BMC abbato irs(c) FMD vaccination zones(d) FMD free zones
(e Stockfree zones
Key to D isease C ontro l Zones
1 (part ), 3a, 1614, 15, 181, 2 (a, b, c) 3b,4a,73c,4b,5,6,8,9,10, 11, 12, 134a (part), 11 (part), 12(part), 13 (part ) & 17
%
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%%
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% %
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%
%
12
13
11
1
4a
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
3cNam
ibia
ZambiaAngola
Republic ofSouth Africa
Republic ofSouth Africa
2a
2b
2c
Ghants i
Hukunts i
Maun
Shakawe
Molepolole
Mahalapye
Kasane
Kanye
Serowe
Jwaneng
Palapye
Mochudi
Gaborone
Lobatse
Selebi-Phikwe
Tsabong
MAUN NAT A
TUTUME
FRANCISTOW N
ORAPA TONO TA
GHANZI
SELEBI-PH IKWEBOBONONG
SERO WE
PALAPYE
MAHALAPYE
KANG
MOLEPO LOLE
MO CHUDI
JWANENG GABORO NE
RAMO TSWA
KANYE
LO BAT SE
TSHABO NG
15(BMC MAUN)
18(BMC FRANCISTOWN)
14(BMC LO BATSE)
Makalamabedi
Orapa
Makoba
Daokoma
Dibete
Makoro
Dukwi
Sefhophe
Kuke
Maitengwe
Phuduhudu
Mmatshumo
Odiakwe
Sese
Mmaphoko
Kgomokgwana
N
EW
S
100 0 100 200 Kilometers
Quarantine camps
20
20
22
22
24
24
26
26
28
28
-26 -26
-24 -24
-22 -22
-20 -20
-18 -18
H:\S_ Phikwe F MDo ut br eak sGr ap hics \Vet er rin ary Dise ase Co nt rol Zo ne s Re vise d
Stockfree(fmd vaccinat ion zone)
HISTORY OF FMD IN BOTSWANA(1963 to 2011)
Year(s) 63 64 65 66 67 68 69-76 77 78 79 80 02 03 05 06 07-2011
SAT virus type
3 3 3 3 Nil 1 Nil 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 2 1 2 1,2
2
Botswana Veterinary Disease Control zones (Draft 03/07)
The Vete rina r y E pide m iology a nd E co nom ics Se c tionDe pa rt m ent of Anim al H ea lth a nd Pr oductionPriva te B ag 00 3 2Ga bor oneBots w a na
Te lep hone : + 2 67 39 506 3 5Fa x: + 2 67 31 8 138 3E-m a il: DA HP@ gov .bwBots w ana Foot and Mo uth Dis e as e C ontrol Zo ne s .ap r
Africa nat ional administrat ive boundaries
Veterinary d isease control zones
Stockf ree (fmd f ree zone)
Fmd buffa lo area
Fmd vaccination zone
Fmd free zone
FMD Buffa lo area(Live-stock area)
Legend
Delta
Disease contro l fences
(a) Buf falo areas (b) BMC abbato irs(c) FMD vaccination zones(d) FMD free zones
(e Stockfree zones
Key to D isease C ontro l Zones
1 (part ), 3a, 1614, 15, 181, 2 (a, b, c) 3b,4a,73c,4b,5,6,8,9,10, 11, 12, 134a (part), 11 (part), 12(part), 13 (part ) & 17
%
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%%
%
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%
%
%
%
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% %
%%
%
%
12
13
11
1
4a
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
3cNam
ibia
ZambiaAngola
Republic ofSouth Africa
Republic ofSouth Africa
2a
2b
2c
Ghants i
Hukunts i
Maun
Shakawe
Molepolole
Mahalapye
Kasane
Kanye
Serowe
Jwaneng
Palapye
Mochudi
Gaborone
Lobatse
Selebi-Phikwe
Tsabong
MAUN NAT A
TUTUME
FRANCISTOW N
ORAPA TONO TA
GHANZI
SELEBI-PH IKWEBOBONONG
SERO WE
PALAPYE
MAHALAPYE
KANG
MOLEPO LOLE
MO CHUDI
JWANENG GABORO NE
RAMO TSWA
KANYE
LO BAT SE
TSHABO NG
15(BMC MAUN)
18(BMC FRANCISTOWN)
14(BMC LO BATSE)
Makalamabedi
Orapa
Makoba
Daokoma
Dibete
Makoro
Dukwi
Sefhophe
Kuke
Maitengwe
Phuduhudu
Mmatshumo
Odiakwe
Sese
Mmaphoko
Kgomokgwana
N
EW
S
100 0 100 200 Kilometers
Quarantine camps
20
20
22
22
24
24
26
26
28
28
-26 -26
-24 -24
-22 -22
-20 -20
-18 -18
H:\S_ Phikwe F MDo ut br eak sGr ap hics \Vet er rin ary Dise ase Co nt rol Zo ne s Re vise d
Stockfree(fmd vaccinat ion zone)
SAT 2, 2006, 2011
SAT 2, 2002, 2011
SAT 2, 2005, 2008, 2010, SAT 1, 2006SAT 2, 2008
SAT 2 2007-2011
SAT 2, 2008
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!C
!C
2d
2c
KARENG
QANGWA
SEMBOYO
SEPOPA
TOTENG
TSAU
NXAUNXAU
NOKANENG
HAINA WEST
KOMANA
MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
Sehitwa
Sepopa
Tsau
Qangwa
Gumare
Nokaneng
Makalamabedi
Konde
Moporota
Kgomokgwana
Thamachaa
Habu
Nxauxau
Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
Kareng
Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
Chiegi-KarunganaChelete
Khubuga
Xadimoxao
Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
Kakanaga
Nxame
Khubu-KhubugaZenibe
KamoteTselojamotswanaMoselewapula
Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
Masamo
Senaxomo
PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana I
Bogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetata
Mapute IMokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
BothatogoPhatane IIRoinyana
Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
Mmakgokong
Sedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20
.924
788
-20
.924
788
-20
.390
952
-20
.390
952
-19
.857
116
-19
.857
116
-19
.323
280
-19
.323
280
-18
.789
444
-18
.789
444
.
Department of Animal Health and Production
Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Section
Private bag 0032
Gaborone
Botswana.
Telephone: (+267) 3950635
Fax: (+267) 3903744
E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Sha ka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
Delta
Buffers in KM
BUFFERDIS
10
20
30
Maun District
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!C
!C
2d
2c
KARENG
QANGWA
SEMBOYO
SEPOPA
TOTENG
TSAU
NXAUNXAU
NOKANENG
HAINA WEST
KOMANA
MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
Sehitwa
Sepopa
Tsau
Qangwa
Gumare
Nokaneng
Makalamabedi
Konde
Moporota
Kgomokgwana
Thamachaa
Habu
Nxauxau
Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
Kareng
Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
Chiegi-KarunganaChelete
Khubuga
Xadimoxao
Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
Kakanaga
Nxame
Khubu-KhubugaZenibe
KamoteTselojamotswanaMoselewapula
Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
Masamo
Senaxomo
PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana I
Bogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetata
Mapute IMokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
BothatogoPhatane IIRoinyana
Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
Mmakgokong
Sedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20
.924
788
-20
.924
788
-20
.390
952
-20
.390
952
-19
.857
116
-19
.857
116
-19
.323
280
-19
.323
280
-18
.789
444
-18
.789
444
.
Department of Animal Health and Production
Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Section
Private bag 0032
Gaborone
Botswana.
Telephone: (+267) 3950635
Fax: (+267) 3903744
E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Sha ka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
Delta
Buffers in KM
BUFFERDIS
10
20
30
Maun District
#
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!C
!C
2d
2c
KARENG
QANGWA
SEMBOYO
SEPOPA
TOTENG
TSAU
NXAUNXAU
NOKANENG
HAINA WEST
KOMANA
MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
Sehitwa
Sepopa
Tsau
Qangwa
Gumare
Nokaneng
Makalamabedi
Konde
Moporota
Kgomokgwana
Thamachaa
Habu
Nxauxau
Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
Kareng
Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
Chiegi-KarunganaChelete
Khubuga
Xadimoxao
Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
Kakanaga
Nxame
Khubu-KhubugaZenibe
KamoteTselojamotswanaMoselewapula
Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
Masamo
Senaxomo
PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana I
Bogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetata
Mapute IMokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
BothatogoPhatane IIRoinyana
Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
Mmakgokong
Sedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20
.924
788
-20
.924
788
-20
.390
952
-20
.390
952
-19
.857
116
-19
.857
116
-19
.323
280
-19
.323
280
-18
.789
444
-18
.789
444
.
Department of Animal Health and Production
Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Section
Private bag 0032
Gaborone
Botswana.
Telephone: (+267) 3950635
Fax: (+267) 3903744
E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Sha ka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
Delta
Buffers in KM
BUFFERDIS
10
20
30
Maun District
INFECTED ZONE
3,849 CASES
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!C
!C
2d
2c
KARENG
QANGWA
SEMBOYO
SEPOPA
TOTENG
TSAU
NXAUNXAU
NOKANENG
HAINA WEST
KOMANA
MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
Sehitwa
Sepopa
Tsau
Qangwa
Gumare
Nokaneng
Makalamabedi
Konde
Moporota
Kgomokgwana
Thamachaa
Habu
Nxauxau
Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
Kareng
Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
Chiegi-KarunganaChelete
Khubuga
Xadimoxao
Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
Kakanaga
Nxame
Khubu-KhubugaZenibe
KamoteTselojamotswanaMoselewapula
Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
Masamo
Senaxomo
PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana I
Bogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetata
Mapute IMokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
BothatogoPhatane IIRoinyana
Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
Mmakgokong
Sedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20
.924
788
-20
.924
788
-20
.390
952
-20
.390
952
-19
.857
116
-19
.857
116
-19
.323
280
-19
.323
280
-18
.789
444
-18
.789
444
.
Department of Animal Health and Production
Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Section
Private bag 0032
Gaborone
Botswana.
Telephone: (+267) 3950635
Fax: (+267) 3903744
E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Sha ka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
Delta
Buffers in KM
BUFFERDIS
10
20
30
Maun District
3 8 4 9 CASES
62% Unvaccinated38% vaccinated
1st Questions
• Coverage- How much of target population reached- Consistency of vaccination programmes
• Handling and storage- Cold chain maintanance transport and storage- Cold chain maintanance at field or during vaccinations
5th 7th 9th11th
13th15th
17th19th
21 st23rd
25th27th
29th31st
02st0
5
10
15
20
25
30
No VSL Adults
VSL Adults
No VSL Calves
VSL calves
Total Cases
Sept 07 April 08 Sept 08 March 09
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Based on HV Based on Exp
Ngamiland district vaccination coverages
Initial PVM Results
SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 30%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Positives>1.65 total> 2.0 total
PVM• WHY? To evaluate vaccination “Program” with the view to
learn and improve on the whole program- Did vaccination achieve objectives and make an impact in FMD control
• Program – run by people, using resources in a given context requiring quality vaccines handled and administered properly
- if properly done will take consideration of all of these factors
- review documents, interview people, observations, data on cold chains, coverage etc
and serum testing
• Is there any value in doing VM Post?? – probably better started during the actual vaccination campaign
• main gap in SADC is lack of independent vaccine quality assurance body
Initial PVM Results
SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 30%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Positives>1.65 total> 2.0 total
Follow up PVM Sat 2
BNVL BVI PB0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SAT 2% Positives D14SAT 2% Positives D28
%Protection over time
D0 D14 D28 D42 D58 D80 D92 D1200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sat 1Sat 2Sat 3
Antibody titres progression
D0 D14 D28 D42 D58 D80 D92 D1200.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Sat 1Sat 2Sat 3
Antibody titre progression in juveniles and calves
D0 D14 D28 D42 D58 D80 D92 D1200
20
40
60
80
100
120
Sat1Sat 2Sat3
OTHER PVM RESULTS
Malawi and Namibia
Antibody titers progression
0 14 28 42 560.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3
Days Post Vac
Ant
ibod
y ti
ter
Log
boos
ter
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Increase frequency of vaccination from every 6 months to every 4 months
• Increase PD50 3 to 6• And others
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!C
!C
2d
2c
KARENG
QANGWA
SEMBOYO
SEPOPA
TOTENG
TSAU
NXAUNXAU
NOKANENG
HAINA WEST
KOMANA
MATLAPANA
SEHITHWA
BODIBENG
SHOROBE
ETSHA
GUMARE
HABU
NOKANENG
TSAU
Sehitwa
Sepopa
Tsau
Qangwa
Gumare
Nokaneng
Makalamabedi
Konde
Moporota
Kgomokgwana
Thamachaa
Habu
Nxauxau
Bodibeng
Chanoga
Etsha
Kareng
Komana
Semboyo
Seronga
Shorobe
Toteng
Chiegi-KarunganaChelete
Khubuga
Xadimoxao
Xwee
Boajankwe I
Nxweree
Habu
Kakanaga
Nxame
Khubu-KhubugaZenibe
KamoteTselojamotswanaMoselewapula
Moruleng East
Matsiara
Kaure
Masamo
Senaxomo
PetekeMoporota
Kgomotshwana II
Kgomotshwana I
Bogare
Mapeno
Nakalatswee
SemboyoKatoo SegopoloMapute II
MmamotaungSetata
Mapute IMokolwane
MailaNaone IINaone I
MolatswanaKaberekela
Kaibara
Kangoa
Xunxa II
Xhabaxhwa XhatsitsoRekgonne
Mosu Xharaxhe SubXharaxhe Modisaemang (Phatane I)
Ndjavera
BoiteketsoGopolamodimo
Dzautsha
MaselanyaneMatseke
Semolo
Thapolathari Koronjisa
NgunikaoBobaathogo
Kgetsiyatsie
Sulabompe IISulabompe I
Shedongo
Manale
BothatogoPhatane IIRoinyana
Machaba II
BojosiMachaba IDimboSetsau
Thololamoro IThololamoro II
Legothwana ILegothwana II
Mogapelwa
TotengManganaSethebeMoumo
Mmakgokong
Sedibana
Makgwelekgwele EastMakgwelekgwele West
Sehitwa
Nokaneng
21.262888
21.262888
22.201462
22.201462
23.140036
23.140036
24.078610
24.078610
-20
.924
788
-20
.924
788
-20
.390
952
-20
.390
952
-19
.857
116
-19
.857
116
-19
.323
280
-19
.323
280
-18
.789
444
-18
.789
444
.
Department of Animal Health and Production
Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Section
Private bag 0032
Gaborone
Botswana.
Telephone: (+267) 3950635
Fax: (+267) 3903744
E-mail: [email protected]
Foot and Mouth Disease Infected Zone06-2008
30 0 30 6015 Kilometers
Gh anz i
Ma un
Nat a
Tsa bo ng
Huk un tsi
Mo lep olo le
Sha ka we
Ma hal apy e
Let lha kan e
Kas an e
Kan ye
Ser ow e
Fra nci sto wn
Jwa ne ng
Pal apy e
Sel ebi -Ph ikw e
Mo chu di
Lob ats e
Ga bor one
VETERINARY DISTRICTS
Legend
!C Habu FMD Distruction Pits
k Foot and Mouth Clinical Cases
# Crushpens
% Villages
Disease control fences
Major roads
Delta
Buffers in KM
BUFFERDIS
10
20
30
Maun District
2nd Questions
• Vaccine relevance- Is the vaccine matching???
Field strain
Suitable vaccine
strain
By the Manufacturer based on r1 value vaccine potency
VACCINE/FIELD STRAINS
& TIMELY DELIVERY
Relationship between r1 value and PD50
Field virus:
A Iran 05
Vaccine strain: O
Vaccine A
Homologous (A Iran 05)=> r1 = 1
Endemic area: No need for more than 3 PD50. Protection!
Heterologous(Axy)=> r1 ?
Outbreak Vaccine strains
r1 > 0.3 => in endemic area, no need of more 3PD50. Protection!
r1 < 0.3 => unlikely protection
Emergency situation, 6PD50 + repeat dose => Protection/ADAPT
STOP: no protection at all
& TIMELY DELIVERYEpidemiologically Relevant Strains
SAT2/NMB/1/2008
SAT2/NMB/4/2008
SAT2/NMB/3/2008
SAT2/NMB/2/2008
SAT2/NMB/1/2007
SAT2/NMB/4/2007
SAT2/ZAM/2/2007
SAT2/ZAM/1/2007
SAT2/ZAM/3/2007
SAT2/ZAM/8/2008
SAT2/BOT/14/2008
SAT2/BOT/15/2008
SAT2/BOT/24/2006 (buffalo)
SAT2/ZAM/13/2009
SAT2/ZAM/14/2009
SAT2/ZAM/12/2009
SAT2/ZAM/16/2009
SAT2/BOT/3/2010
SAT2/BOT/4/2010
SAT2/BOT/2/2010
SAT2/BOT/5/2010
SAT2/BOT/1/2010
SAT2/BOT/6/2005
SAT2/BOT/8/2005
SAT2/BOT/3/2005
SAT2/BOT/1/2005
SAT2/BOT/2/2005
SAT2/BOT/4/2005
SAT2/BOT/5/2005
SAT2/BOT/7/2005
SAT2/BOT/P3/98 (buffalo 29) (AF367124)
SAT2/BOT/P3/98 (buffalo 31) (AF367125)
SAT2/ZIM/10/2002
SAT2/ZIM/11/2002
SAT2/BOT 01.11 (BVI)
SAT2/BOT 02.11 (BVI)
SAT2/BOT/2/2009
SAT2/BOT/3/2009
SAT2/BOT/4/2009
SAT2/BOT/6/2009
SAT2/BOT/8/2009
SAT2/BOT/7/2009
SAT2/BOT/5/2009
SAT2/BOT/3/2007
SAT2/BOT/5/2007
SAT2/BOT/2/2007
SAT2/BOT/6/2007
SAT2/BOT/7/2008
SAT2/BOT/11/2008
SAT2/BOT/16/2008
SAT2/BOT/18/2008
SAT2/BOT/9/2008
SAT2/BOT/10/2008
SAT2/BOT/6/2008
SAT2/BOT/8/2008
SAT2/RHO/1/48 (AJ251475)
SAT2/RHO/1/48 (AY593847)
SAT2/ZAM/9/93* (AF367116)(buffalo)
SAT2/ZAM/10/93* (AF367117)(buffalo)
SAT2/ZAM/P2/96 (MUL-7) (AF367120)(buffalo)
SAT2/ZAM/P2/96 (MUL-10) (AF367121)(buffalo)
Topotype III
Topotype IV
Topotype I
Topotype II
Topotype XI Topotype V
Topotype VI Topotype X
Topotype XII Topotype IX
Topotype VIII Topotype XIII
Topotype XIV Topotype VII
99
99
97
99
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70
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75
79
0.05
Satau
Lesoma
Pandamatenga
Kareng Feb 2011
Vaccine matching
• R-values a bit strange – 0.06 to 0.37• New vaccine adopted – started being used Feb 2012• Took about 2 and half years• Challenges
- Initially low TCID50- Detection by uv peak- Transition from small bioreactors to Industrial production
More vaccine matching with other vaccine candidates
Botswana Veterinary Disease Control zones (Draft 03/07)
The Vete rina r y E pide m iology a nd E co nom ics Se c tionDe pa rt m ent of Anim al H ea lth a nd Pr oductionPriva te B ag 00 3 2Ga bor oneBots w a na
Te lep hone : + 2 67 39 506 3 5Fa x: + 2 67 31 8 138 3E-m a il: DA HP@ gov .bwBots w ana Foot and Mo uth Dis e as e C ontrol Zo ne s .ap r
Africa nat ional administrat ive boundaries
Veterinary d isease control zones
Stockf ree (fmd f ree zone)
Fmd buffa lo area
Fmd vaccination zone
Fmd free zone
FMD Buffa lo area(Live-stock area)
Legend
Delta
Disease contro l fences
(a) Buf falo areas (b) BMC abbato irs(c) FMD vaccination zones(d) FMD free zones
(e Stockfree zones
Key to D isease C ontro l Zones
1 (part ), 3a, 1614, 15, 181, 2 (a, b, c) 3b,4a,73c,4b,5,6,8,9,10, 11, 12, 134a (part), 11 (part), 12(part), 13 (part ) & 17
%
%
%
%
%%
%
% %
%
%
%
%
% %
% %
%%
%
%
12
13
11
1
4a
7
10
6
8
5
16
9
3b
3a
4b
3c
17
3cNam
ibia
ZambiaAngola
Republic ofSouth Africa
Republic ofSouth Africa
2a
2b
2c
Ghants i
Hukunts i
Maun
Shakawe
Molepolole
Mahalapye
Kasane
Kanye
Serowe
Jwaneng
Palapye
Mochudi
Gaborone
Lobatse
Selebi-Phikwe
Tsabong
MAUN NAT A
TUTUME
FRANCISTOW N
ORAPA TONO TA
GHANZI
SELEBI-PH IKWEBOBONONG
SERO WE
PALAPYE
MAHALAPYE
KANG
MOLEPO LOLE
MO CHUDI
JWANENG GABORO NE
RAMO TSWA
KANYE
LO BAT SE
TSHABO NG
15(BMC MAUN)
18(BMC FRANCISTOWN)
14(BMC LO BATSE)
Makalamabedi
Orapa
Makoba
Daokoma
Dibete
Makoro
Dukwi
Sefhophe
Kuke
Maitengwe
Phuduhudu
Mmatshumo
Odiakwe
Sese
Mmaphoko
Kgomokgwana
N
EW
S
100 0 100 200 Kilometers
Quarantine camps
20
20
22
22
24
24
26
26
28
28
-26 -26
-24 -24
-22 -22
-20 -20
-18 -18
H:\S_ Phikwe F MDo ut br eak sGr ap hics \Vet er rin ary Dise ase Co nt rol Zo ne s Re vise d
Stockfree(fmd vaccinat ion zone)
SADC FMD situation 2002 – 2011 (selected)
YEAR BOTSWANA MALAWI NAMIBIA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE
2002 SAT 2 SAT 2
2003 SAT 1 SAT 1
2004 SAT 1
2005
2006 SAT 2 and 1
2007 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2
2008 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2/1
2009 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 2
2010 SAT 2 SAT 2 SAT 1 O SAT 2
2011 SAT 2 SAT 2?
Launched 04 Nov 11
Lab Officialy opened 2nd December 2010Product launch 4th November 2011
Project Drivers
• Technology update• Ergonomic design• Capacity increase• Antigen purification• Antigen bank• Quality improvements/HSE
Vaccine Production
Conventional
Purified
Emergency
Definitions
Conventional vaccines - Vaccines produced from semi-purified inactivated antigens, with a potency greater than 3 PD50
Purified vaccines - Vaccines produced from highly purified inactivated
antigens, with potency greater than 3 PD50
Emergency vaccines - Vaccines produced from highly purified, concentrated and
frozen antigens, with a potency greater than 6 PD50
NSPs AND “DIVA” VACCINE
• BVI Vaccines are compatible with a DIVA approach.
=> DIVA: - Previously: Differentiate Infected from
Vaccinated Animals. - Recently: Detection of Infection in Vaccinated
Animals• Several diagnostic tests to detect NSPs (2C, 3A,
3B,3AB, 3ABC, 3D)
Purified vaccine Perfomane• Vaccine blended in December 2010 with antigens produced second
semester 2010 in the new building– Payload adjusted to guaranty 3PD50 target– Trivalent (SAT 1 2 3) vaccine with current vaccine strains used in Botswana
• Vaccination at BVI ranch– Primo vaccination at D0 booster at D28 and D150– Blood sampling at D0, D21, 28, 42, 63, 120, 191– Safety monitored by rectal temperature and clinical signs (local and
generalreactions)
• Serological testing– Virus neutralization test (VNT)– Non Structural Protein (NSP) testing with Prionics kit
SAFETY MONITORING• Temperature monitoring:
- No significantdifference betweenvaccinated cattleand control
• Clinical signs:-No general and local reactions-No weight loss
Safety conform
Potency
Potency results conforms
What we want to achieve with vaccination
Vaccine Application• Vaccination of susceptible livestock
– Vaccines must be administered according to the manufacturer’s instructions
• ALSA vaccines should be administered to calves with maternal immunity at 4-6 months of age
• Calves without maternal antibodies can be vaccinated at 2 weeks
• The primary vaccination course consists of 2 vaccinations 2-4 weeks apart
• Thereafter the vaccine should be administered every 4-6 months
• Should be given subcutaneously in the neck area
HERD LEVEL IMMUNITY
• Vaccine take is expected after 7-10 days with expected protection level of 97% depending on PD50 ( 3 or 6)
• Cattle are normally considered protected from FMD where antibody titres exceed a certain cut off
• Thereafter antibody levels decline• Important that after vaccination at least 80% of
herd should have protective antibodies (D28 to 35)• Vaccination prevents disease expression but not
infection
THANK YOU