Foot / Ankle

Charles Gordon Tennis

Foot Anatomy - Bones

Foot Anatomy - Muscles

Inspection: Toe Postures

• Claw Toes

• Hammer Toes

• Morton’s Toes

• Hallux Abducto Valgus

Inspection: Arches

• Pes Planus: “Flat Feet”

• Pes Cavus: High arches

Ankle Anatomy - BonesA. Lateral Malleolus

B. Distal Tibiofibular Joint

C. Fibula

D. Interosseous Membrane

E. Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

F. Head of Fibula

G. Lateral Condyle

H. Intercondylar Eminence

I. Medial Condyle

J. Tibial Tuberosity

K. Anterior Crest

L. Tibia

M. Medial Malleolus

Ankle Anatomy - Ligaments

• Ligament: Connects bones to other bones.

Ankle Anatomy – Muscles

• Tendon: Connects muscle to bone.

Anatomical Terminology• Dorsal• Plantar

• Dorsiflexion• Plantarflexion• Inversion• Eversion• Internal Rotation• External Rotation

∙ Anterior

∙ Posterior

∙ Superior

∙ Inferior

∙ Medial

∙ Lateral

Injury Overview• Sprain: Stretching or tearing of ligamentous or capsular tissue.

• Strain: Stretching or tearing of muscle fibers.

• Tendinitis: Inflammation of the muscle tendon.

• Fracture: A break in bone or cartilage.

• Dislocation: Disassociation of the joint’s articulating surfaces caused by forces that rupture many of the joint’s soft tissue restraints.

• Stress Fracture: A fracture caused by repetitive stress, as may occur in sports, strenuous exercise, or heavy physical labor.

Foot Injuries

• Plantar Fasciitis– Inflammation of the plantar fascia– MOI:

• Acute: Forced dorsiflexion with toe extension• Chronic: Increased activity, additional running

distance, changing surface, and/or using new/different shoes

Foot Injuries

• First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprain (“Turf Toe”)– Sprain of the 1st MTP joint.– MOI:

• Hyperextension of the 1st MTP joint.

Ankle Injuries

• Inversion Ankle Sprain– MOI: Inversion, plantarflexion, or

talor rotation in any combination

• Eversion Ankle Sprain– MOI: Eversion and/or rotation

• Syndesmosis Sprains (“High Ankle Sprains”)– MOI: External rotation of the

talus and/or dorsiflexion

Ankle Injuries

• Achilles Tendon Rupture– Rupture of the Achilles tendon– MOI: Forceful plantarflexion with eccentric

loading (usually the result of eccentric loading or plyometric contraction of the calf musculature)

• Achilles Tendinitis– Inflammation of the Achilles tendon– MOI: Overuse or secondary to acute trauma

(example: a blow to the tendon), improperly fitting shoes rubbing on the tendon may also activate the inflammatory response

Rehabilitation

• Tennis Balls/Frozen Bottles

• Baps Board

• Therabands

• Stable vs. Unstable Surfaces

Foot/Ankle Taping

• Arch Taping

• Turf Toe

• Achilles Tendon Taping

• Closed Basketweave

Questions/Comments?