Date post: | 11-Mar-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | forced-migration-review |
View: | 234 times |
Download: | 4 times |
Rdhkp : kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;gpypUe;J fw;wy;
tpNrl ntspaPLMtdp 2005
Forced Migration Review: mfjpfs; kw;Wk; cs;sf
,lg;ngaHTg; gpur;ridfis mwpa cyfpy; kpfTk;
gue;jstpy; thrpf;fg;gLk; rQ;rpif.
review
Forced Migration Review “gyte;jg; Gyk;ngaHT kPs;Nehf;F” rQ;rpifahdJ>
Ma;thsHfs;> mfjpfs;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhu; NkYk;
,tHfSld; gzpGupNthH vd gyjug;gl;Nlhupd;
toikahd eilKiw mDgtk;> jfty;fs; kw;Wk;
fUj;Jf;fs;> vd;gdtw;wpw;fpilapyhd gupkhw;wj;jpd; nghJ
kd;wnkhd;iw Vw;gLj;jpj; jUfpwJ.
,r;rQ;rpifia Mq;fpyk;> ];ghdp];> mugpf;> gpuQ;R
Mfpa nkhopfspy;> mfjpfs; fw;if epiyak;/xf;];Nghl;
gy;fiyf;fofk;> NehHNt[pad; mfjpfs; NguitAld;
,ize;J ntspapLfpwJ. ];ghdpa gjpg;ghd uptp];uh
b ikfpwrpad;]; NghH]hl];> nfsj;jkhyhtpy; I.b.<.[.
,dhy; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.
MrpupaHfs;Marion Couldrey & Dr Tim Morris ;
re;jhf;fs; cjTdHSharon Ellis
Forced Migration ReviewRefugee Studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House,
21 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LA, UKEmail: [email protected]
Tel: +44 (0)1865 280700 • Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721
,izajsk; www.fmreview.org
jkpohf;fk;
,t;tpN~l ntspaPl;bw;fhd epjp
toq;FdHfs;
AUSTCARE
Concern
Brookings-Bern Project on
Internal Displacement
Christian Aid
Consortium of Humanitarian
Agencies, Sri Lanka
Department for International Development (UK)
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
World Vision Australia
World Vision Canada
World Vision USA
UNICEF
UNHCR Sri Lanka
Designed by Colophon Media.Printed by Lazergraphic (pvt) Ltd
Sri Lanka
ISSN 1460-9819 gjpg;GupikAk; kWg;Gk;
vg;. vk;. MH. ,d; fUj;Jf;fs; gjpg;ghrpupaH my;yJ mfjp fw;iffs; epiyaj;jpd; ghHitia
gpupjpgypf;ftpy;iy. ,t;ntspaPl;bypUe;J ve;jnthU gFjpiaAk; %yj;ijg;gw;wpa Fwpg;GiuAld;
,ytrkhf kPs;gjpg;G nra;a KbAk;. cs;slf;fk; kw;Wk; tbtikg;G gw;wpa fUj;Jf; Fwpg;Gf;fisAk;
jfty; fUtpahf vt;thW ,jid mgptpUj;jp nra;ayhk; vd;w MNyhridfisAk; tuNtw;fp;Nwhk;.
gjpg;ghrpupaHfsplkpUe;J
Cor
inne
Ow
en
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;ijr;Nru;e;j ,yq;iff; Foe;ijahy; jPl;lg;gl;lJ (gpd;gf;fj;ijg; ghu;f;fTk;)
Rajan Arulappu Iruthaynathan
khHfop 26> 2005 ,y; ,e;J rKj;jpuj;Jf;F
FWf;Nf mbj;Jr; nrd;w Rdhkp>
,izaw;w kdpj Nea gjpypWg;Gf;F
mbnaLj;Jf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. 300>000
f;Fk; mjpfnkd fzpf;fg;gl;l
kuzq;fspd; ,Wjp vz;zpf;if jLkhwr;
nra;Ak; mstpw;fpUe;j NghjpYk; mJ
nfhq;Nfh [ddhaf FbauR> Uthz;lh>
my;yJ #lhdpy; mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy;
,we;Js;stHfspd; vz;dpf;ifapy; xU
jrk gpd;dNkahFk;. Rdhkp cyf
ftdj;ij <Hj;Js;sJld; gpukpf;fj;jf;f
tifapy; cyf xUikg;ghL> ,uf;fj;ij nghopa Tk; itj;Js;sJ. mNj Ntis mjpfk;
fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;glhj ,lk; ngaH kf;fspd; Njitfs; mJTk; VuhskhNdhupd; ghupa
Njitfs; g+Hj;jpahf;fg;glhkNy ,Ue;J tUfpwd.
Aj;jk; J}z;ba ,lg;ngaHit Vw;nfdNt vjpHT nfhz;l ehLfis Rdhkp Kjypy;
mopj;jJ vd;w cz;ikAk; kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fk; vg;NghJk; fle;j fhyq;fspy; fw;w
gbg;gpidfspy; ftdk; nrYj;jhky; eltbf;iff;Fs; ,wq;fptpLk; NtjidkpF ajhHj;jKk;
epthuz eltbf;ifapd; kpfr; rupahd msTNfhyhfp vkJ rQ;rpifapd; ,e;jg; gpuj;jpNaf
ntapaPl;il gpuRupf;Fk; vkJ jPHkhdj;ij Cf;Ftpj;jJ.
Rdhkp jhf;fpa ehLfspy; cs;s mur rhHgw;w> cs;@H epWtdq;fspd; ghHitfi-
sAk; Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd epthuz kPl;rp eltbf;iffSf;F gpujhd jiyikNaw;Nghupd;
gpujpgypg;Gf;fisAk; xd;whfj;jpul;b xU mw;Gjkhd fl;Liufspd; njhFg;gpid
NjHe;njLj;jjpy; ehk; kfpo;T nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.
,t;ntspaPl;il rhj;jpag;gl itj;j fPo;fhZk; epjptoq;FdHfSf;Fk; vkJ rf
gzpahsu;fshd Mrpupa MNyhrid toq;fpa <th nyhw;wh n`l;kd; kw;Wk; nfhOk;gpy;
ntspaPl;il mr;rpl;L tpdpNahfpg;gij xUq;fpizf;Fk; irkd; `hup]; MfpNahUf;Fk;
ehk; ed;wpf;fld; gl;Ls;Nshk;.
gyte;jg; Gyk;ngaHT kPs;Nehf;F (vg;.vk;.MH) ,yq;ifapypUe;Nj mr;rplg;gl;L
tpepNahfpf;fg;gLtJld; mJ Mq;fpy> jkpo;> rpq;fsj;jpYk; ,k;Kiw ,e;NjhNdrpa ghfrp>
nkhopapYk; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Kjy; jilitahf ,r;rQ;rpifia thrpg;NghH vkJ toikahd Mq;fpyk;> mugpf;> ];gh-
dpa> gpud;rpa nkhopfspy; ntsptUk; mNjNtis ,dp tuTs;s ntspaPLfis ngw rpy-
Ntis MHtk; nfhs;syhk;. ,t; vg;.vk;.MH. rQ;rpif xf;Nghl; gy;fiyf;fof mfjpfs;
fw;iffSf;fhd epiyaj;jhy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;L ehLfspy; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;L tUtJld;
mfjpfs; kw;Wk; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhupd; gpur;ridfis jhq;fp tUk; cyfpy; mjp-
fkhNdhH thrpf;Fk; rQ;rpifahfTk; cs;sJ.
mLj;JtUk; vg;.vk;.MH. ntspaPl;bd; fUg;nghUs; “#lhdpy; rkhjhdj;Jf;fhd
vjpHghHg;Gf;fs;” vd;gjhFk;. cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu ghJfhf;f cjTk; rHt-
Njr r%fj;jpd; nfhs;jFjpwid ftdpf;fTs;s kdpj Nea mYtyfH;fSf;fhd I.eh.
tpd; mYtyfj;jpdJ> epWtdq;fSf;fpilapyhd cs;sf ,lk;ngaHTf;fhd gpuptpd;
$l;biztpdhy; ntspaplg;gLk; ,izg;gpjioAk; jhq;fp> ,g;Gjpa vg;.vk;.MH. ntspaPL
Ig;grp khjj;jpy; tpepNahfj;Jf;F tuTs;sJ.
,t;ntspaPNlh Rdhkpapdhy; nrhy;nyhzhj; Jauj;Jf;Fl;gl;L vjpHfhyj;Jf;fhf
vjpu;ghu;j;J fhj;jpUg;NghUf;F rkHg;gzk;. ,jpYs;s fl;Liufs; cq;fs; gzpf;F
nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Ug;gij ePq;fs; czHtPHfs; vd;gJld; NgudH;j;jk; Vw;gLj;jpa
,lk;ngaH;Tf;F ,d;Dkjpfkhd tpidj;jpwDld; kdpjNea gzpr; r%fk; gjpypWf;f
,jpYs;s gupe;Jiufs; cjTk; vdTk; ehk; vjpHghHf;fpd;Nwhk;. ehd;F nkhopfspYk;
cs;s KO fl;LiufSk; gpd;tUk; ,izaj;jsj;jpy; fpilf;Fk;. www.fmreview.org.tsu-nami.htm vkJ mQ;ry; gl;baypy; cq;fs; ngaH ,lk;ngwr; nra;a Nkyjpf jfty;fSf;F
vk;Kld; njhlHG nfhs;syhk; (vjpHgf;fj;jpy; tpguk; fhz;f).
ey;tho;j;Jf;fSld;
Nkupad; nfsy;l;;wP - upk; nkhwp];
cs;slf;fk;
Rdhkp gjpypWg;G gzpapd; murpay;
<th nyhw;wh n`l;kd;.....................................................................04
Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig Ieh fzpg;gpLfpwJ
khpad; nfsy;l;wp> hpk; nkhwp];........................................................06
,aw;if NguopTfSk; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH
cupikfSk;
Nthy;lH fypd;....................................................................................10
Rdhkpf;F nghJ Rfhjhu gjpypWg;G. ehk; vd;d
fw;Ws;Nshk;?
kDty; fhHgy;Nyh> gpwad; `Py;....................................................12
kpfg; ngupa epyj;jpUl;L
];nfhl; ypAfp......................................................................................15
Vida neUf;fbfSf;fhd epjpaspj;jiy Rdhkp
ghjpj;Js;sjh?
Nuhgp yhd;]u;......................................................................................17
[f;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; ru;tNjr mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpizf;fsk; Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig kPsha;T
nra;fpwJ Nltpl; n`hNuhgpd;.............................................................................18
,e;NjhNdrpah
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;sf ,lk;
ngaHe;Njhupid fzpg;gply;
Fnsbah `l;];ngj;..........................................................................19
Mr;Nrapy; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhu; KfhKf;Fs;
Klf;fk;Y}f;kd; V[;.........................................................................................22
Fiwe;jgl;r epakq;fis ,dtpUj;jp MNuhf;fpag;
guhkupg;gpy; cWjpg;gLj;jy;
rhd;wh fpwt;rp......................................................................................24
,e;NjhNdrpahtpy; kdpj Nea xUq;fpizg;G: xU
vd; [P X ghHit
fhH];upd; t+y;]..................................................................................26
Mr;Nrapy;; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ghJfhg;GrhH ftiyfs;FMR MrpupaHfs;.................................................................................28
tYtw;w ghjpg;Gw;Nwhh; my;yJ gyKs;s
capHgpioj;Njhu; ,d;q;ity;l; nrhy;thq;.....................................................................29
,yq;if
,d Kuz;ghL> ,yq;if muR kw;Wk; Rdhkp
[aNjt caq;nfhl...........................................................................30
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd csr;r%f Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd;
kPjhd gpujpgypg;Gf;fs;
Mde;j fygjp.....................................................................................32
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,yq;ifapy; [PtNdhghak;irkd; `hup];....................................................................................34
MW khjq;fs; fle;Jk; gaj;Jf;F Kfk; nfhLj;jy; ypd;ld; [_gPy;];..................................................................................36
Nritfs; - tpepNahf xOq;FgLj;jypy; rthy;fs;];uPt; kj;jpa+];....................................................................................38
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd neUf;Fthuj;jpy; kpjpAz;l
rpd;d kPd;fs;
[upd; gpNw]H......................................................................................39
jha;yhe;J
gHkpa Gyk; ngaH njhopyhsu;fs; kl;by; kdpj
Neag; gjpypWg;G
igah xgNuha....................................................................................40
,e;jpah
,e;jpa fUj;juq;F Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig kPsha;T
nra;fpwJ
Nghyh gdH[_> rg;ahrhr;rp ghR uha; rTj;hp.................................42
jkpo;ehl;by; gytPdkhd> FOf;fSf;fhd xU Fuy; nkf;]; khHl;bd;..................................................................................44
gjpypWg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;kpF tpisTj; jhf;fk; :
ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; vz;zq;fs;mdp];ah Njhk];> tpkyh ,uhkypq;fk; ......................................46
khiyjPT
njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk;: khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp
N`a;b gpwTd......................................................................................48
Mgpupf;fh
Rdhkp gw;wpa Xh; Mgphpf;f fUj;J epiy
gfhkp nuhk; ead;Lfh.......................................................................50
Nrhkhypahtpd; jw;Nghija gpur;rpidfis Rdhkp
NkYk; Nkhrkilar; nra;fpd;wJ.
kdpj Nea mYty;fis xd;wpizf;Fk; I. eh. mYtyfk;> Nrhkhypah............51
Rdhkp gjpypWg;Gg; gzpapd; murpay;<th - nyhw;lh n`l;kd;
FMR Rdhkp�
2004 khHfop 26 ,y; mbj;j
Mrpa Rdhkp> xl;Lnkhj;j ,e;J
rKj;jpu fiuNahu r%fq;fisAk;>
mtw;wpd; tho;f;ifiaAk; mopj;jJ.
,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; tl Rkhj;uh
fiuia xU rpy epkplj;jpw;Fs;
jhf;fpa 9.0 hpr;lH msitf; nfhz;l
G+kpajpHr;rp> Kjyhtjhf ghhpa Rd-
hkpia cUthf;fp> gz;lh Mr;Nrf;Fk;
kpA+yNgh Mr;Nrf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s
fiuia jhf;fp ghupa NguopTj;
jhf;fj;ij cz;L gz;zpaJ. fly;
gLifapy; ,lk;ngw;w Nky; Nehf;fpa
ghhpa efHthdJ NkYk; Rdhkpfis
cUthf;fp> Mgphpf;f fiuia mil
Ak; Kd;dH> Nkw;F jha;yhe;J> gh;kh>
kNyrpah> ,yq;if> fpof;F ,e;jpah>
khiyjPT Nghd;w ehLfspd; gFjpf-
spy; tho;e;j fiuNahu r%fq;fisAk;
jhf;fpaJ. capUf;Fk; cilikf;Fk;
Nrjj;ij cz;Lgz;zpaJ. ,e;j ghhpa
,aw;if NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd
fhyj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l 12 ehLfspYk;
fpl;lj;jl;l 290>000f;FkjpfkhdtHfs;
,we;jdH my;yJ fhzhkw; Nghap-
dH. xU kpy;ypaDf;FkjpfkhdtHfs;
,lk;ngaHe;jdH.
,aw;ifg; NgudHj;jk; gw;wpa nra;jp
gutpa ifAld;> mJ toikf;F
khwhf> ghjpf;fg;gl;l ehLfSf;Fs;Sk;
ntspap Yk;> nghJkf;fshYk;
mikg;Gf;fshYk; epWtdq;fshYk;
muRfshYk; kdpj Nea epthuz
cjtpfSf;fhd ts mzpjpul;lYf;Fupa
nghwpiag; gw;witj;jJ. xU
rpf;fy;kpf;f kdpjNea mtrfhy epi-
yikfspd; epkpj;jk;> epthuz
kw;Wk; cjtpfspd; xUq;fpizg;G
tpdpNahfj;Jf;fhd> gue;Jgl;l rHt-
Njr epGzj;Jt ,ae;jpuk; ghjpg;Gw;w
gpuNjrq;fspy; capHg;gpf;fg;gl;L
gzpf;fkHj;jg;gl;lJ. ghjpg;Gw;w
kf;fSf;F mbg;gil kdpjNea epthuz
tpdpNahfk; nra;tjw;F> Nritfs; tpdp
Nahfq;fis xOq;fikg;gjpy; fbd
khd gpur;ridfis gue;j mstpyhd
gaq;fug; NguopT Vw;gLj;jpaJ. gy
re;jHg;gq;fspYk;> Njrpa ntspehl;L
,uhZt gilfs; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fis
nrd;wiltjw;fhd toptiffis
Vw;gLj;jj; Njitg;gl;ld. ghjpg;Gw;w
gpuNjrq;fisr; NrHe;j capHgpioj;NjhH>
khwpkhwp nghJ my;yJ r%fg;
nghJikaq;fs;> nghWg;Ngw;Fk;
FLk;gq;fs;> $lhu Kfhk;fs;
Vida jw;fypf FbapUg;Gf;fs;
vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapy; efHe;J
nfhz;bUe;jNj Mr;Nrapd; tpNrl
#o;epiyahf ,Ue;jJ.
#o;epiyia tiughf;fk; nra;tJk;
capHgpioj;Njhiu kPs;FbakHj;JtJk;
mt;tsT ,yFthdjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
Njrpa muRfs;> rHtNjr epjp
toq;FdHfs;> kdpj Nea epWtdq;fs;
vd;gd ,ize;J Rdhkpahy; mope;j
,y;yq;fs;> [PtNdhghak;> [Pthjhuk;>
fhy;eil> nrhj;J ,og;G> epy
cWjp Vida Mtzq;fs;> nghJ
cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fspd; ghjpg;G
vd;gtw;wpy; jkJ rf;jpia ,l;L>
kPsf;fl;bnaOg;g Kay;fpd;wd. epjp
toq;FdHfspdJk; Njrpa muRfspdJk;
GdHtho;T kPs;fl;Lkhdj; jpl;lq;fis
tbtikg;gjw;nfd> ty;YdHfspd;
mwpit ngw;Wr; nra;ag;gl;l Nrjf;
fzpg;gPLfs;> tpguj;jpul;ly;> tiuGfs;
vd;gd ey;y topfhl;ly;fis toq;fpd.
rpf;fy; tha;e;j mtrufhy epyikf
spy;> xUq;fpizg;G-epGzj;Jtk;
rhHe;j gpur;ridfSf;fg;ghy;>
ghjpg;Gw;w ,lq;fspYs;s Njrpa kw;Wk;
cs;SH murpayhy; thHf;fg;gl;Ls;s
rpf;fy;kpF mjpfhuj; njhlHGfSf;Fs;
gjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; kPs;fl;Lkhd
Kaw;rpfs;> epthuzk;> ,aw;jd;ik>
,af;fk; Nghd;wtw;wpd;kPJ kPs; ftdf;
Ftpg;ig nra;tJ mtrpakhfpwJ.
Kw;wpYk; Ntwhd jkJ r%f murp
ay; nghUshjhu cs;tpirfSld;
fhzg;gl;l 12 tpj;jpahrkhd ehLf-
spYk; ,lk;ngw;w ,e;jg; ghhpa
xw;iw Nguoptpd; Neub jhf;fj;Jf;F
nfhLf;fg;gl;l gue;;J tpupe;j
gjpypWg;Gf;fs;> rhjhuzkhdNjh
md;wp ed;F njhopy;rhH jifik
nghUe;jpaNjh vj;jifanjd;whYk;>
md;whl murpaypd; kpff; fLikahd
jhf;fq;fs; kdpjNea nray;ghl;L
Kaw;rpfs; kPjpUg;gij mbf; Nfhbl;Lf;
fhl;Lfpd;wd. Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w
gpuNjrq;fs; KOtJk; ,lk;ngWk; kdpj
Nea epthuzk; kw;Wk; kPs;fl;Lkhdr;
nraw;ghLfisg; ghjpf;Fk;> murp
ay; cs;tpirfspdJk; toikahd
Nfhyq;fspdJk; milahsq;fisNah
my;yJ ghj;jpuj;ijNah Ma;e;jwptjw;F>
,d;W tiuapYk; xOq;FKiwahd
Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.
,aw;ifg; Nguoptpw;Fk; Vw;fdNt
cs;s rpf;fy; tha;e;j kdpjNea
mtrufhy epiyfSf;Fk; ,ilapy;
my;yJ eLtpYs;s> Vuhskhd Rdhkp
apy; capH gpioj;jtHfs;> njhluhd
jilfs; gw;wpa Ngr;RthHj;ijapy; <Lgl
Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. ,lk;ngw;w Nghuhl;lk;>
td;Kiw> gphptpidthjpfSf;nfjpuhd
ghhpa fyf vjph;g;G eltbf;iffs;
vd;gd Mr;Nriag; nghWj;jkl;by;> 1999
,y; ,Ue;J> 300>000 Ngiu ,lk;ngau
itj;Js;sJld;> Rdhkpapy; jg;gpg;
gpioj;Njhhpd; Ibgp vDk; milahsk;
murpay; hPjpapy; czHjFjp epiyf;Fk;
thjg;gpujpthjj;Jf;Fk; cl;gl itj;Jk;
cs;sJ.
Ibgp vd;Dk; nrhw;gjk;>
tiutpyf;fzj;jpd;kl;by;> ,aw;if
mdHj;jq;fshy; jkJ tPL thry;fis
tpl;L ntspNaw fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;N
lhiuAk; cs;slf;FfpwJ. ,Ue;Jk;>
,e;NjhNdrpa mur mjpfhhpfs;> rHt-
Njr kdpjNea epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wd
rpy Ntisfspy; ,j;jifNahiu
“tPlw;wtHfs;” vd;Nw tpopf;fpd;wdH. ghjpg;Gw;Nwhhpd; ghJfhg;G> cjtp
Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd flg;ghLfisAk;
ghj;jpuj;ijAk; ,dk; fhz;gjpy;>
,j;jifa nrhw;gjq;fspd;
tpj;jpahrq;fs; gy;NtW rpf;fy; tha;e;j
gpd;tpisTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
mj;Jld;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHTkl;by;
Iehtpd; topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs;
$Wk;> cs;SH Njrpa Ml;rpahsHfspd;
flg;ghLfs; ghj;jpuk; vd;gdtw;wpy;
$l rpf;fy;fis nfhz;L tUfpd;wd.
may; ehlhd gHkhitr; NrHe;j
mfjpfs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs;
kPjhd jz;bf;Fk; mZFKiwiaf;
nfhz;Ls;s jha;yhe;jpy;> Rdhkpahy;
ghjpg;Gw;w njd; khfhzq;fspy; thOk;
gu;kpa Rdhkp jhf;fj;jpw;Fs;shdtHfs;
kPJ> cs;SH jha; mur mjpfh
hpfSk; Fbkf;fSk; ,isf;Fk;
xUjiyg;gl;rkhd ghugl;rq;fs; gw;wpa
gy Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd. 2005 khrp
6k; jpfjp NjHjYf;fhd gpur;rhuj;Jf;F
xU tha;g;ghf;f KaYk; gpujkH
jf]pd; rpdtw;whtpdJk; mtuJ
“jha; Nerpf;Fk; jha;” fl;rpapdJk; Kaw;rpahf Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd
mtrufhy epthuz xUq;fpizg;G
kw;Wk; toq;fypYk; jd;dpNyNa
jq;fpapUf;Fk; epiyg;ghl;il jha;yhe;J
muR gpuflzg;gLj;jpAs;sjhy;>
gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH
fs; cjtpf;Fk; MjuTf;Fkhd
khw;W topfis fhz;gjpy; ,Ue;J
jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdH. mtHfsJ
,uhZt muR$l mtHfis xJf;fp
itj;Js;sJ. jha;yhe;J murpd; cs;SH
mjpfhhpfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; cjtp
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;l mKyhf;fq;fspYk;
mtrufhy epthuz tpdpNahfj;jpYk;
gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyhspfs;
tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH. mj;Jld;> rl;l
tpNuhj Gyk;ngaHe;Njhiu xLf;Fk;
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd cs;SH nghyp
rhhpd; eltbf;if> mtHfis ifJ
nra;a ,yf;F itj;Js;sJld;> <w;wpy;
gHkhTf;F kPz;Lk; ehL flj;Jtjw;Fk;
,l;Lr; nrd;Ws;sJ.
xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l rHtNjr kdpjNea
mtrufhyg; gjpypWg;Gf;fhd cjtp
toq;fiy muR rhpT fhzr; nra;j
,e;jpahtpd; tpilaj;jpYk;> Rdhkp
ghjpj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; jPz;lj;jfhNjhH
my;yJ jypj;JfSf;nfjpuhf cs;SH
mjpfhhpfshy; ghugl;r eilKiwfs;
iff;nfhs;sg;gLtjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;
cs;sd. rhjp ika Nkyhz;ikj;
jiyikj;Jtk; rhHe;j r%ff;
fl;likg;Gf;Fs; mfg;gl;Ls;s> fiuNahu
kPd;gpb r%fq;fisr; NrHe;j Ibgpf;fs;>
mtu;fs; jq;fpAs;s Kfhk;fspYk;
jw;fhypf eyd;Ghp epiyaq;fspYk;
jw;fhypf jq;Fkplq;fspYk; kpfTk;
jaf;fj;Jld; tpUg;gkw;w epiyapy;
,lk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Lk; gpd; Juj;jp
mbf;fg;gl;Lk; cs;sdH. jypj;
kf;fSf;F mtrufhy epthuzq;fis
mur mjpfhhpfSk; epWtdg; gzpah-
HfSk; rptpy; r%ff; FOf;fSk;
tpdpNahfpg;gij Vida I.b.gpf;fs;
jLj;J tUtjhfTk; Mjhuq;fs;
cs;sd.
Rdhkp mtrufhyg; gjpypWg;gpd;
rpf;fyhd ,d;DnkhU ghpkhzk;>
Mr;NrapYk;> ,yq;ifapd; tlfpof;F
khdpyq;fspYk;> ,e;jpahtpd; epf;NfhghH
jPTfspYk; kpf Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fs; mNdfkhdtw;wpy;> ,uhZt
je;jpNuhgha Njitg;ghLfspd; Kjd;ik
kPJ fhY}z;wp ,Ug;gNjahFk;. 2003 Nk
Rdhkp gjpypWg;Gg; gzpapd; murpay;
khjj;jpy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l mtru
fhy epiyikapy; gpd;dpUe;J> 40>000
gilapdhpd; gpurd;dj;jhy; Mr;Nr kpff;
fLikahf ,uhZtkag;gl;Ls;sJ.
mz;ikf; fhy fyf vjpHg;G
eltbf;ifapd; xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l xU
mq;fkhf ,lk;ngWk; Kfhk;fSf;Fs;
fl;lhakhf kPs;FbakHj;JjYld;>
,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtj;jpd;
ghj;jpukhdJ Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd
mtrufhy epthuz tpdpNahfj;jpYk;
giltPLfs; Nghd;w nfhl;liff;Fs;
cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu
kPs;FbakHj;Jk; xUq;fpizg;gpYk;>
gy re;jHg;gq;fspYk; kdpjNea
cjtpfSf;fhd Nfhl;ghLfSld; kpf
Nkhrkhd rkhspg;ghfNt khwpAs;sJ.
,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiuapy;> Gypf-
spd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l mjhtJ
,uhZtf; fl;Lg;ghlw;w gpuNjrq;fs;
vd miof;fg;gLk; fiuNahuj;Jld;
vNjw;irahf xj;jpire;JNghFk;
jd;iknghUe;jpa Rdhkpapd; mopTg;
ghijahdJ ke;jkhd epthuz gzp
Kd;ndLg;Gf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;Ws;sJ.
mNjNtis jdJ kj;jpa murpd;
mjpfhuj;ijf; flg;gjw;fhd ve;j xU
fl;likg;igAk; nfhOk;gpy; cs;s
muR kpf cWjpahf vjpHj;jJ.
kj;jpa murpd; gjpypWg;gpd;ikapd;
jd;ik Nrhkhypa rk;gtj;jpYk;
ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,Wjpahf>
,e;jpa je;jpNuhgha flw;gilj;
jskhff; FUjg;gLk; epf;NfhghH
jPTfspy;> Rdhkp epthuz kw;Wk;
GdHtho;T Kaw;rpfs; ,uhZtj;jhy;
Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ldntd;Wk; mtHfs;
ghjpg;Gw;w Mjpthrpr; r%fq;fisAk;
cs;SH rptpypa epHthfj;ijAk;
xuk;fl;bdu; vd;W $Wk; Mjhuq;fSk;
cs;sd.
Rdhkp epthuz kPs;fl;Lkhdg;
gzpfspy; <Lgl;Ls;s gy kdpj
Near; nray;ghl;lhsHfs;> jkJ
gjpypWg;Gf;fis kPsha;T nra;aj;
njhlq;fpAs;sjhy;> ,uz;L my;yJ
mjw;F Nkw;gl;l ghjpf;fg;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fspy; nraw;gl;Lk;
mjD}lhf ntt;Ntwhd murpay;
rthy;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;Jk; tUk;
epWtdq;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;
NtWgl;l gjpypWg;Gf;fspd; kl;by;
jkJ fzpg;gPl;bDhlhd gFj;jwp
xg;gPl;L ghHitf; Nfhzq;fis toq;f
KbAk; vd ek;Gfpd;wdu;. Rdhkpf;F
Kd;dH ,yq;ifapy; Iehtpd;
mikg;Gf;fspdJk; A+.vd;.vr;.rP.MupdJk;
ePz;lfhy gpurd;dk; Mr;NrAldhd
vjphpil tpj;jpahrj;ij> ntspr;rk;
Nghl;Lf; $Wfpd;wd.
NgudHj;jk; js;sptpl;l cs;sf
,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd
chpikfisg; ngWtjpYs;s Fiw
ghLfs; rhu;ghf vOe;Js;s ftiy
fs;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhhpilNa
cl;gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s mjpfhuk; murpa
Yldhd njhlHGfspYk; ftdj;ij
<Hj;Js;sd. vg;vk;MH tpNrl
ntspaPl;bd; MrphpaHfs;> cjtp-
fis miljy;> fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;l
kPs;FbakHj;jy;> ghy; epiy> ghyp
ay; rhHe;j td;Kiw> ghJfhg;ghd
jd;dhHt kPs;tUif> Mtzq;fspd;
,og;G> nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhd el;l<L
Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpa> Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhdfhy ghJfhg;Gg;gw;wp ftiy
fspd; xU ePz;l njhliuNa
Nkw;Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;b cs;sdH. r%f>
nghUshjhu> fyhrhu chpikfspd;
ghJfhg;G> fhyk; nry;yr;nry;y mUfp
tUtjdhy;> ,j;jifa mk;rq;fs;
Muk;g epiyapNyNa ifahsg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. njhlHG+lfq;fs; NtW
nra;jpfshy; jkJ ftdj;ij xd;W
Ftpg;gjdhy;> Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
kf;fspy; ngUk; gFjpapdu; ,d;Dk;
Aj;jr; #o;epiyapNyNa njhlHe;Jk;
,Ue;J tUfpd;wdH. fUj;jhly;fSk;>
ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G cs;tpirfSk;>
md;whl murpaYk; ,j;jifa rpf;fy;
tha;e;j kdpjNea mtrufhy epi-
yiaAk;> Ibgp ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;
cjtpfs; kl;byhd rpf;fy;fisAk;
vt;thW MSiff;Fl;gLj;jp cs;sd
vd;gijg;gw;wp mwpa> mtw;wpd;kPJ
xU xOq;F Kiwahd xg;gPl;L
Ma;nthd;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jtjw;F
,Jjhd; chpa> rhpahd Neuk; MFk;.
<th-nyhw;lh n`l;kd;> xf;];Nghl; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; mfjpfs; fw;if epiyaj;jpd; rpNu];l Ma;thsUk;> njd;fpof;F Mrpahtpd; Kuz;ghL> td;Kiw> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHT Nghd;w mk;rq;fspd; kl;by; tpNrlj;Jtk; nfhz;LtUk; Mthh;. kpd;dQ;ry; - [email protected].
,e;NjhNdrpah>
gz;lh
Mr;Nrapy;
flw;fiuf;F
Kd;dhd tPl;bd;
rpijntr;rk;
Mik
e D
ubos
e/U
MN
S/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
FMR Rdhkp �
Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig I eh fzpg;gpLfpwJkhpad; Nfhy;l;wp> hpk; nkhwp];
I.eh.tpd; nghUshjhu r%f fTd;rpYf;fhd (<Nfhn]hf;)
mwpf;ifahdJ kdpjNea gjpypWg;Gf;fspypUe;J fw;w
ghlq;fis ,dk;fhz;fpwJ. NguopT gjpypWg;G> kPl;rp>
Kd;Ndw;wkhd xUq;fpizg;G> xopTkiwtw;w tsg;gad;ghL>
rptpy; r%fj;jpd; gq;Fgw;wy;> mghaj;ij Fiwj;jypy;
mOj;jk; vd;gdtw;wpy; Njrpa kl;l chpik nfhs;Sk;
epiyf;Fk; jiyikj;Jtj;Jf;Fkhd Njitia ,g;ghpe;jiufs;
typAWj;Jfpd;wd.
FMR Rdhkp�
Rdhkp jhf;fpa 12 ehLf spy;> mz;zsthf 240>000
kf;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldH. 50>000 NgH fhzkw;NghAs;sJld; ,we;J NghapUf;fyhk; vdTk; mQ;rg;gl;lJ. xU kpy;ypaDf;FkjpfkhNdhH; ,lk;ngaHe;jdH;. fiuNahuk; tho; mg;ghtpr; r%fq;fs; ghuJ}ukhfj; jhf;fg;gl;ld. Vuhskhd ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpNujq;fspy;> Mz;fistpl %d;W klq;Ff;Fk; mjpfkhd ngz;fs; ,we;jdu;. %d;wpnyhU gFjp ghjpg;Gw;Nwhiu rpWtu;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj;jpdH;. ,yq;if> ,e;NjhNdrpah> Nrhkhypahtp;y;> kdpjNea cjtpfspd; tpdpNahfk; xOq;fikg;gpy;; ghhpa rpf;fy;fis Vw;gLj;jpapUe;j> rpf;fy;tha;e;jJk; ePbj;Jr; nry;tJkhd MAj Kuz;ghLfspd; gpd;dzpapNyNa ,g;NguopT ,lk;ngw;wJ.
ghjpg;Gw;w ehLfspd; cjtpf;fhd tpz;zg;gj;Jf;F gjpypWg;gjpy;> Iehtpd; NguopT fzpg;gPL kw;Wk; xUq;fpizg;Gf;fhd 18 ehLfisr; NrHe;j Mszpiaf; nfhz;l FOf;fs; Rdhkp ghjpj;j 5 ehLfspy; kpf tpiuthf Nritapy; <LgLj;jg;gl;ldH;. cjtpNjitg;gl;ljhf fzpf;fg;gl;l 5 kpy;ypad; kf;fSf;F> 16 Ieh mikg;Gf;fs; 18 rHtNjr nrQ;rpYit/nrk;gpiw rq;fq;fspd; gjpypWg;G mzpfs;> 16 f;Fkjpfkhd rH;tNjr epWtdq;fs;> vz;zpf;ifaw;;w jdp ahH; fk;gdpfs;> cs;SH rptpy; r%ff; FOf;fs;> mikg;Gf;fs; vd;gd mtrufhy czT> ePH; kUj;Jt Nritfis toq;fpd. 35 ehLfisr; rhHe;j ,uhZt gilfs;> epthuz gzpfSf;F cjtpd. Iehtpd; Nritfs; toq;fy;fSf;fhd xOq;fikg;G ,iz ikaj;jhy;> ,yq;if ,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; Nritfs; toq;fy;fSf;fhd xOq;fikg;Grhu; cjtpia toq;fTk; xUq;fpizg;Gf;F cjtTk;> ,uhZtj;jpdhpd; cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;jTk; xUq;fpizg;G ikaq;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
Neuj;Jf;fikthd gjpypWg;gpd; NgW Ngwhf vt;tpj Neha;fNsh> njhw; Wf;fNsh guttpy;iy. fpl;lj;jl;l 2 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; mtrufhy kUj;Jt> czT cjtpfisAk;ngw;wdH;. NguopTf;F gpd;dhd 6 khj fhyj;jpy;> cldb Njitfs; G+Hj;jpahf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. rHtNjr kl;lj;jpy; fzpf;fg;gl;l Fiwe;jgl;r epakq;fSf;F fPNo Kfhk;fspy; kyry$l trjpfs; fhzg;gl;l NghjpYk; mNdfkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l midtUk;> NghJkhd msT ePH; tpdpNahfj;ij ngwf;$batH;fshf cs;sdH;. ,yq;ifapy; 30>000 ms tpy; ,ilj;jq;;fy; ciwtplq;fs;
fl;bKbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;NjhNdrpahtpy; GtpajpH;r;rpf;Fj; jhf;Fg;gpbf;Fk; 11>000 tPLfs; fl;lg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;. kPl;rpf;fhy Kd;Ndw;wk; Vw;gLfpd;w mNjNtis ngz;fs;> rpWtH;> rpWghd;ikapdH;> Gyk;ngaH; njhopyhsHfs;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH MfpNahhpilNa Fwpg;ghf fhzg;gLk; kdpjNea Njitfs; ,d;Dk; gy khjq;fSf;F ,Uf;fNt nra;Ak;. cjhuzkhf fpl;lj;jl;l 9>000 kjpfkhd ,yq;if FLk;gq;fs; ,d;Dk; $lhuq;fspy; tho;tijf; $wyhk;.
Nrhkhypah jtpH;e;j Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w Vida ehLfs;> jkJ gykhd Njrpa muRfspD}lhfTk; ed;F mgptpUj;jp fz;l Njrpa epWtdq;fSf;$lhfTk; rl;lG+Htkhd Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;$lhfTk; ,aq;fptUfpd;wd. ,J epthuz Kaw;rpfspd; ntw;wpf;F ngUkstpy; gq;fspj;Js;sJ. mNdf gpuNjrq;fspy; kdpjNea eltbf;iffs;> mH;g;gzpg;G kpf;f kj;jpa murpd; mikr;Rf;fs;> MAjg;gilfs;> cs;SH; mur fl;likg;Gf;fs; cs;s ,lq;fspy; mtw;wpd; gq;fspg;G vd;gdtw;Wf;$lhf gyd; ngw;Ws;sd. rHtNjr kw;Wk; cs;SH mur mur rhH;gw;w epth uz nraw;ghl;lhsH;fs;> epthuz toq;fiy nra;Jk; kdpjNea kw;Wk;> Kd;$l;ba kPl;rpr; nraw;ghLfis mur jpizf;fsq;fSf;F ifaspg;gij ,yFgLj;jpAk; cs;sdu;.
xUq;fpizg;G
vf;fhyj;jpYk; Kfk; nfhLj;jpuhj ghhpa rthy;fspy; xd;iw Ieh RdhkpapD}lhf Kfk; nfhLj;jJ. rk;gtj;jpd; fhyg;gFjpAk; msTk;> caHkl;l epthuz gzpfspdJk; nray;ghl;lhsH;fspdJk;> nghJ> jdpahH; kw;Wk; mur cjtpfspdJk; vz;zpf;ifia gyklq;fhf ngUf;fp cs;sd. cjtpfis jq;Fjilapd;wp mspg;gJ rH;tNjr r%fj;jpd; jhuhskdJf;F xU Nrhjid. mNj Ntis> vt;tsT J}uk; mtw;iw rpwg;ghf nfhz;L elj;JthH;fs; kw;Wk; vt;thW jhk; nryT nra;Ak; epjpfSf;F fzf;F itg;ghHfs; vd;gJ rhHe;j fdp rkhd vjpHghH;g;Gf;fis gy kl;lq;fspy; fpsg;gp; cs;sjdhy; kdpjNea nraw;ghl;lhsH;fis xU ftdj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;LtUjy; mtrpakhfpwJ.
nghJtpy;> xd;wpizg;G ed;whf mike;jJ. mYtyfu;fs;> cgfuzq;fs; Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; Vida cjtp-fis toq;Ftjw;nfd epjptoq;FdH;fs; jdpahH;JiwapdHfSld; Kd;dNk nra;jpUe;j Rdhkpf;F Kd;dhd Kd;Ndw;ghl;L Maj;jq;fs; fdpr khd msT fhyj;jpd; Njitawpe;j
gjpypWg;Gf;F cjtpaJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;. xUq;fpizg;G rpy rpf;fy;fis nfhz;bUe;jJ. rpy r%fq;fs;> epth uz nghUl;fshYk;> mtH;fSf;F cjtf;$ba mtrpakhd ,aYikia nfhz;buhj nraw;ghl;lhsH;fshYk; epuk;gptope;jd. cjtpfs; vy;yhr; re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;; NjitfSld; nghUe;jtpy;iy. gyjlit> ‘kdpj Nea Nghf;Ftuj;J neUf;fb’ahdJ njhlH;ghlypd;ik> ,q;Fkq;Fkhd jpl;lkply;> jhkjkhd cjtp> nra;jij kPz;Lk; jpUk;gnra;jy; Nghd;w mk;rq;fSf;Fk; ,l;Lr;nrd;wJ.
Muk;g kdpjNea gzpahsH;fs; kw;Wk; epthuzg; nghUs; kpf tpiuthf te;J Nru> rl;lG+H;t eilKiwfSf;fhd Njitg;ghLfis jsH;j;Jtjw;F muRfspd; kd tpUg;gk; mDkjpj;jJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> mNdf re;jH;g;gq;fspy; cl;gpuNtr eilKiw fs; <w;wpy; rpf;fy; tha;e;jjhf khwp aJ. fzzpfs;> njhiyj;njhlH;G rhjdq;fs;> thfdq;fs;> Nghd;w eltbf;iffSf;F cjTk; mtrpa khd nghUl;fspd; gad;ghl;il ,J jhkjpf;fr; nra;jjJ. rpy muRfs; rw;wiyl; xOq;fikg;G gad;ghl;bd; kl;by; fl;Lg;ghLfis nfhz;Lte;jd. ,j;jifa epH;thf neUf;Fthuq;fs; epthuz eltbf;iffisAk; mt rpa khfj; Njitg;gl;l cjtpfis tpdpNahfpg;gijAk; jhkjpf;fr; nra;jd.
gpur;rpidapd; Ms mfyk; ghhpanjd;gjhy; jq;Fkplk;> ePH kyry$lk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ghhpa FiwghLfs; ,Ue;jJld; gjpypWg;Gg; gzpAk; rpf;fy;fis vjpH;Nehf;f Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. ,it khj;jpuky;y> NghJkhdmsT jpwd;kpf;f mDgtKs;s gzpahsH;fis tpiuthf fsj;Jf;fDg;gp guhkhpg;gjpy; kdpj Neag; gzp r%fj;jpd; ,ayhikAk; ,jw;F fhuzkhapUe;jd. jfty; Kfhikj;Jtk;> njhlH;ghly;> ,uhZt rptpy; ,izg;ghf;fk; Nghd;w Jiw fspy; tpNrlj;Jtk; kpf;f Iehtpd; kdpj Nea mYty;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; mYtyfj;jpypUe;Jk;;> kdpjNea jfty; ikaq;fspypUe;Jk;> rptpy;> ,uhZt xUq;fpizg;G mYtyfH;fs; Kiw rhH xOq;fikg;Gf;fSf;$lhf jhkj khf fsj;Jf;F mDg;gg;l;ldH;. ,jdhy; njhiyj;njhlH;Gfs; xOq;fikg;Gf;fspd; gad;ghL rpf;fyhf ,Ue;jJ. juT Nrfhpg;G> gFg;gha;T> jfty; gug;Giu Nghd;w mk;rq;fs;> cld;ghL fz;l gpukhzq;fspd; Nghjhik fhuzkhf gpd;dilit re;jpj;jd. vjpH;fhyj;jpy; vof;$ba neUf;fbfSf;fhd jahH;gLj;jypy;> njhopy;rhH; gzpahsH;fis - epH;thfj;ij mjpfhpj;J gyg;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk;> epWtd ,aYik - cs;*upy; fpilf;ff;$ba epGzj;Jtk; vd;gtw;iw ngwf;$ba je;jpNuhgha gq;FjhuH; jd;ikf;F cjTtjd; %yKk;;> ‘jahH epiy kdpjNea gjpypWg;G ,aYik’,y; KjyPL nra;tjw;F mjpfk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,g;NghJ njspT. Muk;g gjpypWg;Gg; gzpia Muk;gpf;fTk; fpilf;ff;$ba cs;SH;> gpuhe;jpa nfhs;jFjpwd;fis fl;bnaOg;gTk; $ba Neub mjp fhuj;Jld;> Ieh.tpd; mDruizapd; fPo; epthuz nghUs;fspdJk; mzp fspdJk; mDg;GjYf;F xU jahH; epiy G+Nfhs gjpypWg;G fl;likg;G
FMR Rdhkp �
,l;Lr;nry;yf;$Lk;. fpilf;ff;$ba tpkhd CHjpfs;> flw; fyq;fs;> thfdq;fs;. Mszp> Vida ,uhZt nghUl;fs; vd;gdtw;wpd; gad;ghl;Lf;Fk; mjw;fhd NjitfSf;Fk; ,il apy; xU rpwe;j nghUj;jg;ghl;bid cwjp nra;a> Kd;Ndw;wfukhd rptpy; - ,uhZt ,izg;G mtrpakh fpaJ. tpiuthdJk; jhuhskdk; nfhz;lJkhd ,uhZt gjpypWg;Gf;fs;> ,yFthf nrd;wilaKbahj kf;fSf;F nrd;wilak; trjp tha;g;Gf;fis toq;fpd. Mdhy; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;. rptpypa kw;Wk; ,uhZt nraw;ghl;lhsH;fspd; eltbf;iffs; xd;iwnahd;W ghjpj;jd. epthuzg;nghUl;fs; mtrpakhf Njitg;gl;l ,lq;fspYk; rkhe;ju epthuz toq;fy; ghij Vw;gl;Lj;jg;gl;l ,lq;fspYk; epthu zg; nghUl;fs; chpa tbtj;jpy;> mstpy; gfpHe;jspf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,e;jg; gpur;ridfs;> ,uhZt jiyikf; fl;likg;gpd; Ng-hjhj Ghpe;JzH;tpdhYk; kdpjNea mikg;Gf;fSf;Fk; ,uhZtj;Jf;F kpilapyhd kpf Fiwthd jfty; gfpH;tpdhYk; ngUg;gpf;fg;gl;ld. RdhkpNah Kd;Djhuznkhd;iw je;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; vjpH;fhy kdpj Nea eltbf;iffspy; ,uhZt gilfs; gue;j mstpy; njhlH;GgLk; vd;gJ ,g;NghJ kpfj;njspthfTk; cs;sJ. vdNt rpwe;j njhlH;ghly; Kiw fisAk;> xUq;fpizg;G eilKiw fisAk; ,uhZtj;Jf;Fk; kdpjNea gq;fhspfSf;Fkpilapy; cUthf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,g;NghJ fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mNdf rk;gtq;fspy;. Iehtpd; tjptplg;gpujpepjpNah my;yJ kdpjNea xUq;fpizg;ghsNuh> Njitahd jiyikj;Jtj;ij toq;Ftjw;Fupa
Mszp tsq;fis FiwthfNt nfhz;bUe;jhH;. Ieh gpujpepjpf;Nfh kdpjNea xUq;fpiz;ghsUf;Nfh rpf;fy;fspy;yhj xUq;fpizg;G njhopw;ghLfisAk; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj kPl;rp nraw;ghLfis njhlq;Ftjw;fhd nfhs;jFjpwidAk; juty;y mYtyfH;fisAk; ,aYikiaAk; nfhLj;J cldbahf cjTtnjd;gJ rpf;fyhdJ.
Ngudu;j;j kPl;rpr; nraw;ghLfis ahH; xUq;fpizg;gnjd;gij rH;tNjr r%fNk njspthf;fNtz;b cs;sJ. Ngudu;j;j gjpypWg;G ,g;NghJ njspthd> rH;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;G gpukhzq;fshYk; El;gKiwfshYk; tbtikjjYf;Fl;gl;Ls;sJ. mNj Ntis gue;j nraw;ghl;lhsH;fSld; njhlH;Ggl;l Ngudu;j;j kPl;rp> vt;tpj KiwrhH; xUq;fpizg;G fl;Lkhdq;fisAk; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy. xU ehL vd;w kl;by; Fwpg;ghf rHtNjr xUq;fpizg;gpd; kl;by; ,J cz;ikNa. mj;Jld; tjptpl xUq;fpizg;ghsH;fs; Nkyjpfkhd cjtpfis nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy vd;gJ ,e;epiyia kpfTk; Nkhrkhf;FfpwJ.
,lg;ngaHTk; ghJfhj;jy; rthy;fSk;
Rdhkp ,lk;ngw;w ifNahL nra;ag;gl;l fzf;nfLg;gpy; xU kpy;ypad; kf;fs; ,lk;ngaHe;jdH; vd fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; Kjy; XUrpy thuq;fspy; jw;fhypfkhfg; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd ,lk;ngaHe;jpUe;Njhhpd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ> jkJ FbapUg;Gg; gpuNjrq;fSf;F kf;fs; jpUk;gj; njhlq;fpajdhYk; #o;epiy ];jpukile;jjhYk; Fiwaj;njhlq;fpaJ. ,lk;ngaH;e;j kf;fs; efH;e;j efH;TNtfk;> (Fwpg;ghf Mr;Nrapy;) nghWg;Ngw;wtu;fspd;
kPjhd mjpfhpj;JtUk; mOj;jk; kw;Wk; [Pthjhuq;fspd; mopT vd;gd> Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w gy;tifg;gl;l kf;fspd; tpj;jpahrkhd NjitfSf;F gjpypWg;Gf;fisr; nra;tjpy; Njrpa kl;l mjpfhuj; jug;ghUf;Fk; rHtNjr r%fj;Jf;Fk;; ,Ue;j jpwik kPJ rthy; tpLj;jd. ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhiu jw;fhypfkhf FbakH;j;Jk; Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs;> ,yq;if ,e;NjhNdrpa murpay; #o;epiyfshYk; khiyjPtpd; Kd;ida kPs; FbakH;j;jy; Kd;ndLg;Gf;fshYk; ,d;Dkjpfkhfr; rpf;fYf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;ld.
,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; Fwpj;j rpy Njit-fs; tpiuthf jPhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJ Kf;fpak;. ,ad;wsT mjpfkhd kf;fspd; capH;fhg;Gj; Njitfisg; G+Hj;jpahf;Fk;;; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtij Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; kdpjNeaf; Nfhl;ghLfs;> ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; tpNrl ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; cjtp rhHe;j NjitfspYk; ftdk; nrYj;jg;glNtz;Lnkd;gij typAWj;JfpwJ. cjtp epahakhf gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLtijAk; VyNt cs;s mrkj;Jtj;ij kPsTk; nfhz;L tuhkypUg;gijAk; cWjp nra;a cjTk; Kfkhf ,j;jifa Nfhl;ghLfs; Muk;gk; Kjy; epthuz jpl;lkplYld; njhlH;Ggl;ljhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH;> kw;Wk; mtH;fisg; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; FLk;gq;fspd; ghJfhg;G cjtp vd;gdtw;wpw;fhd tpNrl eltbf;iffisAk; Kd;Dhpikg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.1 cs;sf ,lk;ngaH;T rhH;e;j Iehtpd; topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs; ,aw;ifg; NgudH;j;jq;fSf;Fk; gutyhf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
epjp toq;FdH;fspd; jhuskdg;Nghf;F epjpaspj;jy; rthy;fis <d;Ws;sJ
nghJ kw;Wk; jdpahupd; jia ,uf;fk; kw;Wk; tsq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd;
Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig I eh fzpg;gpLfpwJ
,yq;if>
mk;ghe;
Njhl;ilapy;>
Rdhkpahy;
tPl;bd; $iu
kPJ Jhf;fp
vwpag;gl;l
kPd; gpbg;
glFk;>
mope;j
tPLk;>
toq;fg;gl;l
epthuz
nghUl;fis
Rke;Jnfhz;L
mjidf;
flf;Fk;
XUtUk;.
IRIN
/Edw
ard
Pars
ons
mG+H;tkhd nghoptpid Ngudu;j;jk; gpwg;gpj;Js;sJ. Rdhkpf;F 6.8 gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f lhyH;fs; thf;fspf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhf I eh fzpg;gpLfpwJ. ,tw;wpy; 5.8 gpy;ypad; mur %yq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; xU gpy;ypad; $l;LwT kw;Wk; jdpahH; thf;FWjpfspypUe;Jk; tUfpd;wd. NgudH;j;jk; ,lk;ngw;w 15 ehl;fSf;Fs;> Iehtpd; mtru tpz;zg;gj;jpy; Nfhug;gl;l kdpjNea kw;Wk; kPl;rp cjtpahd 977 kpy;ypad; lhyH;fspy; 60% khdJ cWjpaspf;fg;gl;ld my;yJ fpilf;ff;$badthf;fg;gl;ld. X.rP.vk;.V ,d; epjp topg;gLj;jy; Nrit (vg;.hp.v];) ahdJ 880 mnkhpf;f lhyH; cjtp Mdpkhjj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;lnjd;Wk; Nkyjpfkhd 162 kpy;ypad; cWjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;snjd;Wk; fzpg;gpLfpwJ. mNdf Rdhkp epjp> I.vg;.MH.rP Nghd;w rH;tNjr epWtdq;fs; (2.2 gpy;ypad; ngw;wjhf fUjg;gLk;) kw;Wk; ghhpa mur rhH;gw;w epWtdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf I.ehtpd; topfs; my;yhjdtw;Wf;$lhfNt toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ghhpa mNjNtis clNd fpilf;ff;$ba tsq;fs;> kdpjNeag; gzpr; r%fj;ij epjpjpul;lypy; ftdk; Ftpf;fhky; nray;gl mDkjpj;J. mNjNtis ,j;jifa jhus kdg;ghq;fpdhy; cUthd cau; mOj;jk; nghUe;jpa epjpr;#oy; kpftp iuthf epjpfis nrytpl kdpjNea epWtdq;fs; kPJ ghhpa mOj;jj;ijAk; gpuNahfpf;fpwJ. ngUksT epjp xJf;fj;jhYk; kpftpiuthd ngWNgW fisg; ngw mOj;jk;; nfhLf;Fk; epjp toq;FdH;fshYk; J}z;lg;gl;L> mNdf epWtdq;fs; xNuNeuj;jpy; gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;J jkJ ngUksT vz;zpf;ifapyhd mYtyfu;fis fioj;J NrhHe;J Nghfr; nra;Js;sd. mjptpiuthd eltbf;iff;fhf tpiue;jjpy; Vuhs khd rH;tNjr nraw;ghl;lhsH;fs; jkJ Njrpa kw;Wk; cs;SH; gq;Fjhu epWtdq;fis ftdj;jpnyLf;ftpy;iy vd fzpf;fg;gl;lJ. rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;;> gjpypWg;Gg; gzpf;fhyj;jpy; jhk; nryTnra;af;$bajhd msitf; fle;j gzj;ij epWtdq;fs; ngw;Ws;sd. mwpf;if rkH;gpf;fTk; toq;fg;gl;l epjpg;gad;ghLgw;wpa njhlH;ghliy Nkw;nfhs;sTk;> jkJ
Rajpl;lkply; eilKiwfisAk; tpgu khf kPs;ghprPyid nra;aNtz;b ,Ue;jJld; jkJ je;jpNuhghaq;fis tpiuthf mgptpUj;jp nra;aTk; Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. nghJkf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifia epiy epWj;jpf;nfhs;s> kpFjpg;gzj;ij vt;thW ifahs kdpj Nea epWtdq;fs; njhpT-fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd vd;gjw;F mg;ghy;> njspthfj; jkJ tpUg;gk; epjptoq;FdH;fSf;F ghpkhw;wk; nra;ag;gLfpwjh vd;gij cWjpnra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Rdhkp gjpypWg;Gg; gzpfSf;F cjtpAs;s Gjpa epjptoq;FdH;fs; vjpHfhyj;jpy; vof;$ba mtru fhy epiyikfSf;Fk; cjTtijj; njhlH;thH;fs; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;j njspthd mwpf;if jahhpj;J toq;fYk; ntspj;njhpaf;$ba tif$wy; gz;Gk; kpfTk; mtrpakhAs;sd. tif$wy; fl;likg;ig kdpjNeag; gzpr;r%fk; kpfj;jpwkhf cUthf;fp cs;sJ. MdhYk; Rdhkpf;F> Fwpg;ghf jdpahH; Jiwahy; toq;fg;gl;l my;yJ cWjpaspf;fg;gl;l epjpf spd; gUkd;> me;epjpfs; vt;thW nryT nra;ag;gLfpd;wd vd;gjd; kl;by; XH Mskhd cw;WNehf;fiy mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. Rdhkp mtru tpz;zg;gj;jpd; fPo; ngwg;gl;l gq;fspg;gpd; cldb epjpf;fzpg;G kw;Wk; epjp jlk; Ngzy; Nghd;w tpilaq;fspy; IehTf;F cjTtjw;Fk; mtrufhy tpz;zg;gq;fSf;F jw;NghJs;s Ieh.tpd; epjp jlk;Ngzy; xOq;fikg;Gf;fis tp];jhpg;gjw;Fk; gpiw]; Nthl;lH; fT]; $g;gH; vd;w rH;tNjr epjp fzf;fhsH; epWtdk; ,ytr cjtpiaf; nfhLj;Js;sJ.
1998y; kpdpr; #whtsp kw;Wk; <uh-dpy; ,lk;ngw;w 2003 khH;fop khj G+fk;gk;> ,it ,uz;bdJk; fle;jfhy mDgtq;fshdJ> NgudH;j;jk; epfo;e;J njhlu;G+lf jiyg;Gf;fis cs;thq;Fk;NghJ ,yFthf tUk; epjp> ftd <u;g;G kiwe;Jnfhz;L nry;y mitAk; Nja;tile;J nry;fpd;wd vd;gij fhl;baJ.
NgudH;j;j epjp Nrfhpg;Gf;fhd re;jH;g;gq;fspd; re;jg;gk; xLf;fkhdJk; Mal;fhyk; Fiwe;jJk; vd;gij ftdj;jpy; vLj;Nj> Rdkp mtruf-
hy tpz;zg;gj;jpd; tPr;R kPl;rpf; fhyj;Jf;F ePl;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j tirTj;jd;ikahdJ> ciwAs;> [PtNdhgha mgpptUj;jp> rpW cs;sf fl;Lkhdk;> Rw;whly;; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F Njitahd tbtq;fisr; NrH;f;fTk; kPl;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;> Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpd; tpiuthd Muk;gj;ij mDkjpg;gjw;Fk; rhj;jpag;glitj;Js;sJ. kPl;rpj; Njitfis cs;thq;Ftjw;fhd mtru tpz;zg;gj;jpy; ,j;jifa tphpthf;fk; vy;yh mdH;j;jq;fSf;F epak eilKiwahf khwNtz;Lk;. cj;jpNahfGu;t epjpcjtp> murrhH;gw;w epWtd epjptoq;fy;> jdpahH;Jiw gq;fspg;G vd;gdtw;iw xU tprhykhd xOq;fikg;gpy; cs;slf;fpa nghJ epjpj; jl jfty; ikaj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpahdJ kPl;rpjpl;lkply; kw;Wk; mKyhf;fiy ,yFgLj;JfpwJ.
epthuzj;Jf;Fk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fkpilap yhd ,ilntspia ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;
kPl;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;;lq;fspd; tiuG kw;Wk; mKyhf;fy; Fwpj;j fhyj;Jf;F Kd;dhd Njrpa chpj;JilikAk; gq;Nfw;Gk; mj;jpahtrpakhdit. cs;SH; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; Njit-fisAk; ,aYik hPjpAk; kPl;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l kplypy; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F NgudH;j;j Kfhikj;Jt tpw;gd;dH;fs;> njhopy;El;g tpayhsHfsplkpUe;J tUk; gq;Nfw;G ,d;wpaikahjJ.
mtrufhy epthuzf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; kPl;rpf;fhd Kd;$l;ba ftd <H;g;ghdJ> cs;SH kf;fs; jkJ nrhe;jf;fhypy; epw;gjw;F cjtpaJ. ,e;NjhNdrpahtpy;> “Ntiyf;F gzk;” vd;w jpl;lj;jpD}lhf ,bghLfspd; mfw;wy; mKyhf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpy; gq;Nfw;w 11>000 kf;fspd; cs uPjpahd cw;rhfj;Jf;F ,J cjtpa mNjNtis cs;Su; nghUshjhuj;Jf;Fk; gzj;ij cl;nrYj;jpaJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> gy ,lq;fspy; Kd;$l;ba Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; kPs;fl;Lkhdg; nghUl;fspd; toq;fypy; tPjpfspd; Nrjk; rpf;fiy Vw;gLj;jpajhy; Kd;$l;ba kPl;rp vd;gJ rhj;jpakhapUf;ftpy;iy. ,j;jifa kPl;rprhH;e;j gpur;ridfis ntw;wpnfhs;tjpy; Kd;$l;ba Nrit-
fs; - tpdpNahf xOq;fikg;G> tpkhd Nghf;Ftuj;J Nrit Nghd;wtw;iw jk;kfj;Nj nfhz;l jdpahH xg;ge;jf;fhuH;fs; kw;Wk; jahH; epiy gq;fhspfs; vd;gtH;fis cs;slf;fpa Kd; Maj;jq;fs; cjt yhk;.
I.eh.thdJ> mghaf;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffis NgudHj;j kPl;rp Kaw;rpfSld; xdwpizg;gjw;F> xOq;fikg;G hPjpahd fl;likg;gpd; kl;by; Fiwthd epiyapNyNa cs;sJ. Kd;$l;ba kPl;rpj; Njit-fis fz;Lgpbf;fg; nghUj;jkhd fzpg;G Kiwikfis ,dk; fhz;gjw;Fk;> kPl;rp epfo;r;rpj;
Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig I eh fzpg;gpLfpwJ FMR Rdhkp�
UN
ICEF
/HQ
0�01
29/J
im H
olm
es
gz;lh
Mr;Nrapd;
kj;jpapy;
cs;s
tPjpnahd;W
(flw;fiu
apypUe;J
4 fp.kP
mg;ghy;)
Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig I eh fzpg;gpLfpwJ
jpl;lkply;fSf;F cjTk; njhopy;El;g tpw;gd;dH;fis mDg;Gk; eilKiwfis tsu;g;gjw;Fk;> kPl;rp kw;Wk; ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk; epiyikia Fiwg;gjw;Fkhd NeH; jiyaPLfSf;F epjp fpilg;gij cWjpg;gLj;JtJ xU gpujhd Njit.
rptpy; r%fKk; cs;SH kl;lj;jpy;
njhlHGgl;L nrayhw;wYk;
rptpy; r%fk; epthuz kw;Wk; kPl;rp
Kaw;rpfSf;F kpfg;ghhpa gq;fspg;ig
nra;Js;sJ. jha;yhe;J cs;SH;
mikg;Gf;fs;> cs;Su; muRlDk; Njrpa
mjpfhugPlj;JlDk; xUq;fpize;J
kPl;rp eltbf;iffis xOq;FgLj;j
mj;jpahtrpakhapUe;jd. gH;kpa
Gyk;ngau; njhopyhspfs;> ghuk;ghpa
,Ug;ig Kd;ndLf;Fk; filrpf;
fly; goq;FbapdHfspdpilNa ,dr;
rpWghd;ikahff; fhzg;gLk; ‘Nghf;fpd;’ Nghd;Nwhiu fz;Lk; fhzhkYk;
tpl;bUf;ff; $batH;fspd; ftdj;ij
,e;j cs;Su; jha;yhe;J mikg;Gf;fs;
<Hj;jd. ,e;NjhNdrpahtpy;> murpd;
kPs;fl;Lkhd rpwg;Gjpl;lj;ij mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjpy;> muRf;Fk; Ieh kw;Wk;
rHtNjr epjp epWtdq;fSf;Fk;
Mr;Nr kPl;rp nghJkd;wk; cjtpapid
Ak; MNyhridiaAk; toq;fpaJ.
Mr;Nrapy; rptpy; r%fj;Jldhd tpupe;j
gue;j fye;jhNyhridfs; jpl;lkply;
gbKiwfspy; ek;gfj;jd;ikia ,d;Dk;
mjpfhpf;fr; nra;jJ.
ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fsJ> Njitfs;
nfhs;jFjpwd;fspd; rpwg;ghd gq;Nfw;G
fzpg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapyNyNa kPl;rp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkply; ,Uf;fNtz;Lnkd;gJ
gue;j mstpy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s
mNjNtis> ,J vg;NghJk; eilKiw
apy; elf;Fk; tplaKky;y gy ehLf
spy;> kPl;rp jpl;lkplypy;> jkJ njhlHG
Fiwtha; cs;sijg;gw;wpa kdf;ftiy
ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fshy; vOg;gg;gl;lJ.
gjpypWg;gpd; njhlf;fj;jpypUe;J> rHtNjr
nraw;ghl;lhsHfs; cs;SH mur mjp
fhhpfSld; njhlH;Ggl;L nraw;gl;ldH;.
epthuzg; gzpf; fhyq;fspy;
ghjpg;Gw;w muRfs; mjpfhuj;ij
xd;WFtpf;f Kaytpy;iy. Mdhy;>
kWjiyahf gjpypWg;Gg; gzpfis
,yFgLj;j cg Njrpa kl;lq;fspy;
xUq;fpizg;Gf;fisAk; njhlH;Ggl;l
nray;gLj;jiyAk; tuNtw;wdH;.
,Ue;jNghjpYk;> xUq;fpizT
eltbf;iffis nra;tjw;fhd
NghJkhd msT tsq;fis
cs;SH; mur fl;likg;Gf;fs;
vg;NghJk; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy
vd;gij Rdhkp ntspg;gLj;jpaJ.
ntsp mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; cs;SH;
epWtdq;fs; mdH;j;jj;Jf;F Kd;dhd
jpl;lq;fis Maj;jk; nra;aTk;
cs;SH; epWtdq;fspd; gjpypWg;G
nfhs;jFjpwid fl;bvOg;gTk; xd;whf
,ize;J nraw;glNtz;b cs;sJ.
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gl;l r%fq;fis>
NgudH;j;jq;fspd; jhf;fj;jpypUe;J
jk;ikAk; jkJ nrhj;Jf;fisAk;
ghJfhf;Fk; tz;zk; tYT+l;Lk;
Njitia Rdhkp Nfhbl;Lf;
fhl;bAs;sJ. nts;s mghaj;Jf;Fl;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fSf;F czitAk; kUe;Jg;
nghUl;fisAk; Nrkpj;Jitg;gjpypUe;J>
Mrphpa gapw;rp> ghlrhiy ghltp
jhdk; vd;gtw;wpy; mgha Maj;j
epiy fy;tp cs;thq;fg;gly;>
Nghd;w r%fika NgudHj;j Maj;j
epiyf;fhd jpl;lq;fis mgptpUj;jp
nra;tJ Nghd;wd NgudH;j;j
Nrjj;ij fzprkhd msT Fiwf;f
cjTk;. Kd;$l;ba cs;SH mgha
vr;rhpf;if xOq;fikg;Gf;fs;>
G+kpajpHr;rpiaj; jhq;Fk; fl;llq;fis
fl;Ljy;> jg;gpj;jy; khHf;fq;fis
,dk;fhzy;> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
jfty;fs; njhlH;Gfspd;
je;jpNuhghaq;fs; vd;gd vr;rhpf;if
nfhLf;fg;gLk; NghJ nghUj;jkhd
eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd
vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtje;F
mj;jpahtrpakhdit.
Ngz;jF epiy nfhz;l nghUshjhu
mgptpUj;jpf;fhd ePz;lfhy cjtp>
gykhd rptpy; r%fq;fspd; ngWNg-
whf rpwe;j cs;sff; fl;Lkhdq;fs;
vd;gd ,aw;if NguspTfspd;
mjpHr;rpf;F Njrk; jahH; epiyapy;
,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij cWjp;gLj;Jtjw;F
cjTk;. rHtNjr r%fk; kf;fs;
ika Kd;$l;ba vr;rhpf;if
xOq;fikg;Gf;fspy; KjyPL nra;a
Ntz;Lk;. mtH;fs; mgha fzpg;gPLfs;>
tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;jy;> jahH;epiy
eltbf;iffs; vd;gdtw;iwAk;
cs;thq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;
mgha vr;rhpf;if nfhLj;jJk; vd;d
nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gij r%fq;fs;
mwpe;jpUf;Fk;. gjpypWg;Gk; kPl;rpfis
jpl;lkplYk; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; Njit-
fs; ,aYikfs; kPjhd ek;gfkhd
gq;Nfw;G fzpg;gPl;bd; mbg;gilapy;
,lk;ngwNtz;Lk;. ,jdhy; cs;SH
Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs;> tsq;fs;>
,aYikfs; vd;gd KOikahf
Ghpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;L gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
fye;jhNyhrid fl;likg;Gf;fs;>
Kd;DhpikgLj;Jk; nray;ghLfs;
vd;gd kPl;rp Kd;Dhpikfs;> ghj;jpuk;>
nghWg;Gf;fs;> tsq;fs; vd;gd kl;by;
,zf;fg;ghLfis fl;b vOg;g gq;fspg;G
nra;fpd;wd. mLj;j NgudH;j;jk;
jhf;FKd;dH;> gjpy; $W r%fk; Rdh-
kpahy; fw;wghlq;fis Mtzg;gLj;Jk;
kw;Wk; ntspNa gug;Giu nra;Ak;>
tha;gpid ,of;ff;$lhJ.
,e;jf;fl;Liu vg;.vk;.MH MrphpaHf-
shy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ieh
tpd; nghUshjhu r%f fTd;rpypy;
fye;Jiuahlg;gl;l tpilaq;fspy;
,Ue;J njhpTnra;ag; gl;lit. ‘mtru
fhy epthuzg; gzpia gyg;gLj;Jjy;;>
GdHtho;T> kPs;fl;Lkhdk;> ,e;J
r%j;jpu Rdhkp Nguoptpd; gpd;duhd
fhy kPl;rpAk; ghJfhg;Gk;’- Ieh.tpd; nrayhsH ehafj;jpd;
mwpf;if A+iy. 2005 www.un.org/docs/ecosoc ,izaj;jsj;jpy; ,jid
ghHf;fyhk;. mwpf;ifapd; mk;rq;fSf;F
nfhLf;fg;gl;l tpahf;fpahdKk;
mOj;jKk; vg;.vk;.MH MrphpaHfspd-
JilaNj md;wp IehtpDilajy;y.
1.www.book.edu/fp/projects/idp/gp_page.htm
,yq;ifapy;
jw;fhypf
trpg;gplq;fs;
Fritz
Inst
itute
FMR Rdhkp 9
FMR Rdhkp10
ghJfhg;G tptfhuk; vd;gJ cjtp
fis milAk; topfs;> cjtp
nghUl;fspy; ghugl;rk;> gyhj;fhu
kPs;Fbakh;j;jy;> ghypay; kw;Wk;
ghy;epiy td;Kiw> Nghuhl;lj;Jf;F
my;yJ Aj;jj;Jf;F rpWth;fis
mkh;j;jy;> Mtzq;fs; ,og;G>
ghJfhg;ghd Ra kPs; tUif>
my;yJ kPs;FbNaw;wk;> clik
el;l<l;L gpur;rpidfs; Nghd;wdtw;iw
cs;slf;fpaJ. ve;jstpw;F
epthuzj;jpypUe;J Gdh;tho;Tf;F
Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;gile;j ehLfs;
efh;fpwNjh me;jstpw;F kdpj chpikg;
gpur;rpidfl;F Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; Njit
apd; msTk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
,lk;ngah;e;Njhh; jkJ
,Ug;gplq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;g Kbahj
NtisapYk; xU rpy thuq;fs;
my;yJ khjq;fspy; xU Gjpa ,lj;ij
fz;Lgpbf;f ,ayhj NghJk; fLikahd
kdpj chpik kPwYf;fhd mghaq;fs;
mjpfupf;fpd;wd vd;gij Vida
,aw;if Ngudh;j;jq;fspdhy; ngw;w
mDgtq;fs; vkf;F fw;gpf;fpd;wd.
,aw;if Ngudh;j;jr; #o;epiyapy;
vt;tsT J}uk; ,lk;ngah;T
ePbf;fpwNjh mt;tsTf;F r%f>
nghUshjhu gz;ghl;L chpikf-
spd; kPwy;fSk; ghuhgl;rq;fSk;
Mokhf Mf;fpukpf;fpd;wd. mNdf
re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,j;jifa td;Kiwfs;
kdjhuj; jpl;lkpl;L J}z;lg;gLgit
my;y. khwhf nghUj;jkw;w nfhs;if
eilKiwfspd; tpisthf vOgit.
Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj nghUj;jkhd kdpj
chpikfs; ghJfhg;G eilKiwfs;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLkhfpy; mit
,yFthf jtph;f;fg;glf;$bait.
cs;sf ,lg;ngah;Trhu; topfhl;ly;
nfhs;iffs;>1 ,lg;ngah;git
Jhz;ba Ngudh;j;j #o;epiyfspy;>
kdpj chpikfs; rhh;e;j rthy;fis
Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; xU Ntiyj;jpl;l
tiuig jUfpd;wd. jkJ
,Ug;gplq;fis tpl;L gyte;jkhf
ntspNaw;wg;gl;lth;fsJ ,lg;ngah;Tf;F
gpd;dhy; cs;s fhuzq;fis
ftdj;jpnyLf;fhJ midtUk;
nghJ tpy; gy;NtWgl;l ,yF
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiyia jk;kfj;Nj
nfhz;Ls;sdh; vd;gij ftdj;jpy;
vLj;J> topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghlhdJ
Aj;jk;> rptpy; fytuk; vd;gtw;Wf;fg;ghy;
,aw;if Ngudh;j;jq;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpa fhuzq;fspd; epkpj;jk;
jkJ ,y;yq;fisNah my;yJ
toikahd tho;tplq;fisNah
tpl;L ntspNaw my;yJ jg;gpNahl
fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gLk; my;yJ js;sp
tplg;gLk; Ml;fSf;F ‘cs;sf
,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;’ vd;w xU gue;j tiutpyf;fzj;ij gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
,aw;if mdh;j;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd kdpj chpik rthy;fs;
cjtpfisg; ngw nrd;wiljy;: Njrpa
mjpfhu jug;ghhplkpUe;J ghJfhg;Gk;
cjtp NfhuTk; ngWtjw;Fkhd chpik
apid cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;
nfhz;Ls;shh;fs;;. Rdhkpahy;
ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fSf;F Njitahd
kdpj Nea cjtpfis toq;Ftjpy;
kpf tpiuthf gjpypWg;gjw;F
tpUg;gj;JlDk; ntspehl;L cjtpia
ehLk; NjitAlDk; ,Ue;J tUk;
ehLfs;;> rh;tNjr r%fj;Jldhd $l;L
Ntiyapy; <Lgl;Lk; my;yJ nra;Jk;
tUfpd;wd. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; jk;khy;
NghJkhd cjtpfis toq;f Kbahj
#o;epiyapy; cs;s muRfs; Njit-
fSld; f];lg;gLgtu;fSf;F cjtp
fs; nrd;wilAk; topfis jLf;fTk;
$lhJ. ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fis nrd;wilaj;
Njitahd mDkjpia ngWtjpy;
Nkyjpf jhkjj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;w
cjtp tpdpNahf fl;Lg;ghLfis
jtph;f;fTk; Ntz;Lk;.
ghuhgl;rkpd;ik : ,aw;if
Ngudh;j;jq;fspd; gpd;dh;> kdpj
Nea kw;Wk; xd;Wjpul;ba cjtp
gfph;e;jspj;jy;> kPs; Fbakh;j;jy;>
kPs; FbNaw;wk; Nghd;w KbTfsp
Yk; ghuhgl;rk; voyhk;. topfhl;ly;
nfhs;iffspy; typAWj;jg;gl;lJ
Nghd;W> gf;fr; rhh;gpd;ik eLT
epiyik Nghd;w ePz;l – epiy
epWj;jg;gl;l Nfhl;ghLfSf;fikthf
Aj;jj;jhy; ,lk;ngah;e;Njhiutpl
,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fshy; ePh;%ykhf;
fg;gl;lth;fSf;F khj;jpuk; rYif
toq;fhky; ,d> kj> nkhop> rhjp>
gpuNjr hPjpahd ghuhgl;rq;fspdpd;wp
cjtpfs; chpa Kiwapy; toq;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. cjtp toq;fypd; mePjpfs;
kdpj Nea Nfhl;ghLfis khj;jpuk;
kPWtjpy;iy khwhf cs;sf
,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd; ghJfhg;ig
gaKWj;jTk;;; nra;J mtu;fsJ
xd;wpizit rpf;fyhf;fp Njrpa kl;l
cwTr; rPuhf;fy; Nehf;fpa efh;tpy;
tpuf;jpia gjpj;J mjDhlhf gjl;lj;ij
Vw;gLj;jTk; nra;fpwJ
ngz;fs; rpWth;fspd; ghJfhg;G :
topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs; ngz;fs;>
rpWth;fspd; Njitfspd; kl;by;
tpNrl ftd <h;g;Gf;F miog;G
tpLf;fpwJ. mjpf mstpyhd
tPl;L td;Kiwf;F jk;ik gzak;
itf;Fk; Kfhk;fspNyNa ,th;fs;
Fwpg;ghf ghypay; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy
td;Kiwf;F ,yFthf cl;gLk;
mgha epiyia vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdh;.
ngz;fsJ iffspy; Neub
ahf czT tof;fg;glhjNghJk;
Kfhk; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; mth;fs;
cs;thq;fg;glhjNghJk;> epthuzk; kPs;
xUq;fpizg;G jpl;lq;fis mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjpy; xJf;fg;gLk;NghJk;> ghypay;
Ruz;lYf;Fk;> J];gpuNahfj;Jf;Fk;
ngz;fs; ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL
epiyahdJ kpf Nkhrkhf
mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu
Nritfis ngWk; tpilaj;jpYk;
ngz;fs; tpNrl Njitfis
nfhz;Ls;sdu;. FLk;gj;ijAk;
,y;yj;ijAk; ,oe;j rpWth;fs;$l
Fwpg;ghf ,uhZt Ml;Nrh;g;Gf;Fl;gLk;
mghaj;jpy; cs;sdh;.
Ml;flj;jy; : FLk;gq;fs;
,lk;ngaUk;NghJk; gphpe;J tpLk; NghJk;
rpWth;fs; mdhijahf;fg;gLk; NghJk;
[PtNdhghak; mopf;fg;gLk; NghJk;
,d;DnkhU ghhpa mghakhf ,J
tYtilfpwJ.
fy;tp ngWtjw;fhd topKiw : xU
,aw;if mdh;j;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dh;>
,lk; ngah;e;j gps;isfspd; csr;
r%f eyj;Jf;F kpfTk; mtrpakh-
dJk; chpj;JilaJkhd fy;tpapy;
Vw;gLk; ,ilA+iw Fiwg;gjpy;
ghlrhiyf;F rpWth;fs; cldbahf
jpUk;Gjy; vd;gJ mtrpakhdJ.
ghlrhiyf;Fr; r%fkspj;jy; vd;gJ
Ml;flj;jy; ,uhZt Ml;Nrh;g;G
Nghd;w mghaq;fSf;F rpWth;fs;
cl;gL epiyia Fiwf;fty;yJ. ghl-
rhiy fl;llq;fspy; ,lk; ngah;e;Njhh;
jQ;rkile;Js;s Ntisfsp;Yk;>
,lk;ngauh kw;Wk; ,lk;ngah;e;j
rpWth;fs; fy;tp ngWtjpy; jil-
fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. kpfg;nghUj;jkhd
jw;fhypf jq;Fkplq;fspy; ,lk;
ngah;e;j kf;fs; kPs;Fbakh;j;jg;gLjy;
vd;gJ ,lk;ngah;e;j kf;fspy;
gps;isfSf;F khj;jpuky;y Vida
gue;j r%fj;jpd; gps;isfSf;Fk; fy;tp
trjp fpilg;gjw;fhd tha;g;ig jpwe;J
tpLfpd;wJ.
Mtzq;fis njhiyj;jy; :
Mtzq;fs; ,y;yhik vd;gJ Rfh
jhu> fy;tp Vida mj;jpahtrpa
nghJ Nritfs; kWf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;>
clikfSf;fhd el;l<l;il toq;Fk;
fl;likg;Gf;fs; mjid toq;f
kWg;gjw;Fk; ,l;Lr; nry;yyhk;. gjpy;
Mtzq;fis ngWjy; vd;gJ $l
f];lkhdJk; Neuj;ij vLg;gJkhFk;.
,Ue;jNghjpYk; gjpy; Mtzk; ngWk;
cupik cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;NjhUf;F
cs;sJ.
cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;
gq;Nfw;G : cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;
KbntLj;jypy; jhk; Gwf;fzpf;
fg;gLtjhf czu tha;g;Gz;L.
cjhuzkhf Kfhk;fs;> FbNaw;wk;
Nghd;wtw;wpd; ,lk; tbtikg;G> cjtp
gfph;e;jspf;fg;gLk; tpjk;> toq;fg;gLk;
czT kw;Wk; nghUl;fspd; tiffs;>
md;whl tho;tpy; ikakhfTs;s
Vida tpilaq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw
Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,it kdpj Nea cjtp
fspd; tpisTj;jhf;fj;ij Fiwj;J
kjpg;gpLtjw;Fk;> ,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;
Fwpg;ghf ngz;zpd; cly; ghJfhg;ig
mghaj;Jf;Fs;shf;Ftjw;Fk; ,aw;if
Ngudh;j;jj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
Mjutw;w epiyia mjpfupf;fr;
nra;tjw;Fk; ,l;Lr;nry;yyhk;.
,aw;ifg; NguopTfSk; cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh; chpikfSk;Nthy;lh; fhypd;
Rdhkpahy; caph; jg;gpNahUf;F cjtp toq;Ftjw;nfd
Ghpe;Jnfhs;sf;$ba tpjj;jpy; tpiue;jjpy;> Ngudh;j;jj;jhy;
gyte;jkhf ,lk; ngah;e;Njhhpd; kdpj chpikfis
ghJfhf;f NghJ khd msT ftdk; nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy.
Ra kPs; jpUk;gYk; kPs; FbNaw;wKk;:
Ngudh;j;jj;jpd; mtrufhy epiy
kiwe;jjpw;Fg; gpd;dh; ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;
jkJ tho;it kPsf; fl;bnaOg;g
toikahfNt mth;fSf;F cjtp
Njitg;gLk;. ,jid ,yFgLj;JtJ
Njrpa mjpfhupfspdJ Kjy; flikAk;
nghWg;GkhFk;. trjptha;g;Gf;fis
cUthf;Ftjd; %yKk; mNjN-
tis mjw;fhd top tiffis
toq;Ftjd; %yKk;> ghJfhg;ghfTk;
nfsutkhfTk; jkJ nrhe;j
,lq;fSf;F kPs; jpUg;Gtjw;Nfh
my;yJ ehl;bd; ,d;DnkhU gFjpapy;
FbNaWtjw;Nfh cjTtjd;%yKk;
kPs; ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Nji-
tahd epge;jidfis cUthf;Ftjd;
%yKk; nra;ayhk;. tPLfis
kPsf;fl;Ltjw;Fk; Vida cs;sf
fl;Lkhdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk;
Nkyjpfkhf> Kd;ida [Pthjhuj;ij
fl;b vOg;gtjd; %yKk;> (rpije;j
tptrha epyq;fis> tpahghu
nrhj;Jf;fis> kPd;gpb glFfs;
vd;gtw;wpid GdUj;jhuzk;
nra;jy;) tUkhdj;Jf;fhd Gjpa
%yq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fkhd
gapw;rp cjtp toq;Ftjd;
%yKk;> ,lk; ngah;e;Njhiu
,aYkhdth;fshf;Ftjw;F cjTtij
,J fUJfpwJ.
xU Ngudh;j;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd; kPs;
fl;Lkhdj;Jf;F jil nra;ag;gl;l
‘jil tiyaq;fs;’ my;yJ
‘tpyf;fg;gl;l tiyaq;fs;’ Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fis murhq;fq;fs;
gpufldg;gLj;j tpUk;gyhk;. ,j;jifa
jPh;khdq;fs;> ,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;
elkhLk; Rje;jpuj;ijAk; rpy
,lq;fspy; nrhj;JhpikiaAk;
tho;f;ifia nfhz;L elj;Jtjw;fhd
jpwikapd; kl;bYk; gy rpf;fy;fis
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. vq;F mjpfhu
gPlk; tpyf;fg;gl;l tiyayq;fs;
rl;lG+h;tkhf mKy;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;
vd;W jPh;khdkhf ,Uf;fpwNjh>
mq;F mj;jifa jPHkhdq;fs; ,lk;
ngah;e;NjhUldhd neUf;fkhd
fye;jhNyhridfSf;$lhfNt
vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;
clikfSf;F el;l<L ngWt
Jld; cjtp> epyk; Nghd;w tr
jpis ,d;DnkhU ,lj;jpy; jkJ
[PtNdhghaj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk;>
kPs; Fbakh;j;jYf;fhd ,Ug;gplj;ijAk;
ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa
jPh;khdq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l ,d> rka
kw;Wk; Vida FOf;fSf;nfjpuhd
ghugl;rj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$lhnjd;gJ
mj;jpahtrpak;. mj;Jld; MAj
Kuz;ghL> ,df;fytuk; fhuzkhf
Vw;fdNt ,lk;ngah;e;j kf;fs; thOk;
,lq;fis ,aw;if mdh;j;jk; jhf;fpaJ
Nghd;w tpj;jpahrkhd #o;epiyapy;>
,lk; ngah;e;jth;fs; kPJk; ghugl;rk;
fhl;lf;$lhJ.
kWgf;fj;jpy;> cs;sf ,lg;ngah;e;Njhh;
jkJ ,lg;ngah;T fhyk;
jho;j;jg;gl;ljhNyh my;yJ ,d;DnkhU
,lj;jpy; jkJ tho;it kPsf;
fl;b vOg;gj; njhlq;fp ,Ue;jjd;
epkpj;jNkh> jkJ nrhe;j ,lq;fSf;Fj;
jpUk;Gtjpy;iy vd;w njhpit
Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. Ngudh;j;jj;jhy;
cUthd myq;Nfhy epiyf;Fg; gpd;dh;>
toikf;Fj; jpUk;gptpl;lJ vd rpy
milahsq;fis fhl;b kPs; jpUk;Gjiy
kpf tpiuthf;Ftjw;F rpyNtis
mjpfhuj; jug;ghh; kpf mq;fyha;ghf
,Uf;fyhk;. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> jkJ
nrhe;j ,lq;fSf;F jpUk;Gtjh
my;yJ Ntnwq;fhfpYk; kPs; Fb-
NaWtjh vd;w njhpit Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd; chpikf;F mjpf-
hhpfs; kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;
ve;jtifahd kPs; xz;wpizg;Gf;fhd
mth;fsJ njhpTf;Fk; cjTjy;
Ntz;Lk;.
clik gpur;rpidfs; : vy;iyfSf;Fg;
gad;gLj;jpa milahsq;fq;fis
mbj;Jr; nrd;w ,lq;fspYk;
epyk; jkf;Fhpanjd;gij
ep&gpf;Fk; Mtzq;fis ,oe;j
FbapUg;ghsh;fisf; nfhz;l
,lq;fspYk; ghJfhf;J itf;fg;gl;l
Mtzq;fs; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;l
,lq;fspYk; ,aw;if Ngudh;j;jk;
nrhj;Jlikrhu;e;j tpNrl gpur;ridfis
Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sd. gjpT nra;jy;>
re;jjptop nrhj;Jlik Nghd;wtw;wpd;
xOq;F tpjpfs; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhf
ghugl;rj;ij fhl;Ltjdhy;
mth;fs; nrhj;Jf;fis
kPsg;ngWtjw;F (mj-
pYk; Fwpg;ghf mth;fsJ
fztd;khh; nfhy;yg;gl;bUg;gpd;)
kpff;f];lq;is vjpu;Nehf;f
Ntz;bAk; cs;sJ.
nrhj;Jf;Nfhuy;fis if-
ahs kj;jpa];jk; toq;Fj;njhLif
tirTj;jd;ik nghUe;jpa
jPh;TNkw;nfhs;sy; Nghd;wdtw;Wf;fhd
mjpfhuj;ij nfhz;l xU mw;gzpg;G
kpf;f eph;thf fl;likg;ig cUthf;Fjy;
vd;gJ nghpa mstpyhd nrhj;Jr;
rpf;fiy ifahs;tjw;fhd tpidj;jpwd;
kpf;fnjhU topKiw vd;gij
fle;jfhy mDgtk; fhl;LfpwJ.
,lg;ngah;tpd; tpisthf vOe;j
nrhj;Jr; rpf;fy; gpur;ridia jPh;j;jy;
vd;gJ> ePz;Lnfhz;L nry;Yk;
mrkj;Jtj;ij my;yJ gjpT
nra;tjpy; cs;s tpidj;jpwdpd;ikia
ifahs;tjw;Fk;> Njr toik
chpikfs; kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpak;
my;yhj chpj;Jlik Mjhuk; vd;gd
ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; rl;lq;fisAk;
nfhs;iffisAk; khw;wp mikg;gjw;Fk;
xU tha;g;ghff;$l ,J mikayhk;.
epiwT
muRfSk; rh;tNjr epWtdq;fSk;
mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fSk; cs;sf
,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;fSf;fhd kPs;
fl;Lkhdk;> kPs; xd;wpizg;G Nghd;w
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis mgptpUj;jp
nra;J mKyhf;Fk;NghJ> jhk;
gpuNahfpf;ff;$ba kdpj chpikfs;
Njitg;ghl;Lf;fikthd ghugl;rkw;w
jPh;Tfis NjlNtz;Lk;. ‘ghJfhg;G fz;zhbfs;’ Clhf ,lk;ngah;
#o;epiyia mZfp Muha;e;J nray;gl
Aj;jk; fhuzkhf ,lk;ngau;e;Njhu;
,aw;if Ngudh;j;jj;jpdhy;
,lk;ngah;e;Njhiutpl ve;jtifapYk;
Fiwthd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. Rdhkp ghjpj;j
ehLfSf;F ehd; Nkw;nfhz;l
Ntiy gazq;fspd;NghJ> ,aw;if
Ngudh;j;jq;fSf;F xU gjpypWg;ig
mgptpUj;jp nra;J mKyhf;Ftjpy; kdpj
chpikfs; ika mZFKiwf;fhd
Njitg;ghl;bd; kl;by; xU rhjfkhd
gjpiyNa fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.
Kf;fpakhdit :
muRfs;> Njrpa kPs; fl;Lkhdk;>
kPs; ,izg;ghf;fk; rhh;e;j
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis tFf;ifapy;
topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. mit> MAjg; Nghh;
#o;epiyapy; khj;jpuky;y ,aw;if
Ngudh;j;jr; #o;epiyapYk; rkkhf
gpuNahfpf;ff;$ba topfhl;liy
toq;Ffpd;wd.
,d> kj> r%f> ghy;epiy Nghd;w
gpd;dzpnfhz;l tpj;jpahrkhd
FOf;fSf;fpilapyhd
Kd;ida Kuz;ghLfs; fhuz-
khf ,lk;ngah;;e;jth;fl;F
vjpuhd ghugl;rk; fhl;lhj
toptiffSf;$lhf
epjptoq;Fdh;fs; epjp
toq;Ftjw;fhd jkJ
nghWg;gpd;kl;by; ,d;Dkjpfkhd
tpopg;Gzh;it ngw Ntz;Lk;.
kPs Fbakh;j;jiy eph;tfpj;jy;>
kdpj Nea cjtpfis
gfph;e;jspj;jy; ,lk;ngah;Tfis
jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$ba jPh;Tfis
fhzy; Nghd;wtw;Wld; njhlu;Ggl;l
ve;jj; jPh;tpYk; ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;
Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs; cs;thq;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
Njrpa kdpj chpikfs;
Mizf;FO> cs;sf
,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd; #o;epiyfis
fz;fhzpf;fTk; mt;thW
nra;tjw;fhd nghWg;Gs;s Kiwik
xd;W cUthf;fg;gL tjw;Fkhd
Cf;fKk;; cjtpAk; nfhLf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
Ieh kdpj chpikfSf;fhd
cah;];jhdpfUk; kdpj Nea
mYty;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk;
Iehtpd; mytyfKk;
,ize;J fsj;jpYs;s
epWtdq;fSf;fpilapyhd epue;ju
rigf;F eilKiw eltbf;if
topfhl;b xd;iw toq;Fk; tz;zk;
,aw;if mdh;j;j #o;epiyf;fhd
kdpj chpikfspd; kl;by; xU
topfhl;ly; ifNal;il mgptpUj;jp
nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Nthy;lh; fhypd; cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd; kdpj chpikfSf;fhd I.eh nrayhsh; ehafj;jpd; gpujpepjpAk;. G&f;fpy;]; - Ngh;s; cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;j epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,iz ,af;FdUk;> Rtpw;yryhe;J Ngh;s; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ahg;G kw;Wk; rh;tNjr rl;lq;fSf;fhd NguhrphpaUkhthh;. kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected];r; 2005 ,y; ,th; Mrpahtpw;fhd gzpg;gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. gpd;tUk; ,iza jsj;jpy; mt; mwpf;if fpilf;Fk;. www.brookings.edu/dybdocroot/fp/ projects/idp/200�022�_tsu-nami.pdf. epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; gw;wpa Nkyjpf jfty;fSf;F www.brook.edu/fp/projects/idp/idp.htmkpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected]
1. www.unhcr.ch/html/menu2/�/b/principles_lang.htm
,aw;ifg; NguopTfSk; cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh; chpikfSk;FMR Rdhkp 11
Rdhkp jhf;fpa gpuhe;jpaq;fspy;> kPs; fl;Lkhd kPl;rp Kaw;rpfs; kdpj cupik ika mZFKiwf;$lhf cWjpg;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk
VidatHfistpl rpyH kpf ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL
epiyapy; vg;NghJk; cs;sdH vd;gij czHj;Jk; Jauk;kpf;f epidt+l;lbahf Rdhkp ,Ue;Js;sJ. jkJ capHfisg; gwpnfhLj;jjpy; ngUk;ghd;ikahdtHfs; tWikapy; tho;e;J te;jtHfSk; fiuNahuk; neLfpYk; Nghjpa tPl;L trjp ,y;yhky; tho;tjw;F js;sg;gl;ltHfSk; MFk;. Rdhkpf;F MW ehl;fSf;F Kd;dH> Iehtpd; mgptpUj;jp Fiwe;j ehLfs; tupirapypUe;J ePf;fg;gl;bUe;j khiy jPTtpy;> Nguopthy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspy; ngUk;ghd;ikapdH tq;fpf; fzf;fpd;ikahy; tPl;by; gzj;ij itj;jpUe;J midj;ijAk; ,oe;j twpatHfNsahFk;. jPTf;F Vw;gl;l ghjpg;gpd; jhf;fk; 62% vd [P.b.gp fzpg;gpl;lJld; ehl;bd; nghUsh-jhu tsHr;rp tPjj;jpy; Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH vjpHT $wg;gl;l 7.5% ,y; ,J 1% khj;jpuNk FiwAk; vdTk; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;lJ.
ghjpg;Gw;w vy;yh ehLfsp Yk; nghJr; Rfhjhuj;Jf;F ,we;j cly;fs; Ftpjy; vd;gJ xU ghupa gaKWj;jiy jUk; vd;w gaj;ij itj;Jf;nfhz;Nl> Rdhkpf;fhd Muk;g gjpypWg;Gf;fs; thHf;fg;gl;ld. kdpj cly;fs; cz;ikapy; czHr;rp mOj;jq;fSf;fhd %yq;fshfTk;> mtw;wpd; NrHf;if csr; r%fg; ghHit apy; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhfTk; cs;sd. cly;fs; cldb Rfhjhu gaKWj;jiy gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jt jpy;iy vd kf;fSf;F tpsq;f itf;Fk; Kaw;rp miu kdJr; nraw;ghlhf ,Ue;jJ. cly;fisg; Gijf;Fk; ng-hJthd tpiuT ghuk;gupa rlq;fhrhu nraw;ghLfis xU gf;fk; xJf;fp itj;Js;sJld; csey cjtpf;$lhf ifahsg;gl Ntz;banjhU Nji-tiaf; nfhz;l Fw;w czHTf;Fk; toptFj;Js;sJ.
Rdhkp ghjpj;j Vuhskhd kf;fspd; tpilaj;jpy;> Fiwthd czitg; ngWjYld; Vw;nfdNt tWik njhlHGgl;Ls;snjd;gJ NghjpasT ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. ,e;jpah> ,yq;if> khiyjPT Nghd;w ehLfspd; rpy gFjpfspy; Nghrhf;fpd;ik gw;wpa mwpf;iffSk; cs;sd. czT cjtp> czHjF jpwdw;w epiyapy; nghJthf toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. jha;yhe;J> ,e;jpah Nghd;w ehLfspy; NrhW cz;Zk; r%fq;fSf;F NfhJik khit ,ytrkhf toq;fpaJk;> mtru fhy czTg; nghjpapd; XH mq;fkhf toq;fg;gl;l Nghrhf;F gp];fl;fis tNahjpgH nky;y Kbahky; ,Ue;jJ gw;wpa mwpf;iffSk;> jha;g;ghy; nfhLj;jiyf; Fiwj;j ghy;kh tpdp-Nahfk; gw;wpa jha;yhe;J mwpf;ifAk;> Kd;ida NgudHj;jq;fspy; ,Ue;J
fw;w ghlq;fs; kpftpiuthf vt;thW kwf;fg;glyhk; vd;gij fhl;Lfpd;wd.
Rfhjhu xOq;fikg;Gf;fNs fLikah-fj; jhf;fg;gl;ld. Mr;Nrapd; ghjpg;Gw;w gpuNjrq;fspy; 30% khd kUj;Jtpr;rpaH ,we;J NghapdH vd;gJld; xt;nthU MW kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fspy; xd;whtJ mope;Js;sJ. khfhzk; KOtJkhf kUj;Jt cgfuzq;fSk; nghUl;fSk; ,of;fg;gl;lJld;> mNdf khf kwf;fg;gLk; Rfhjhug; guhkupg;Gg; gzpahsHfs; Vida rhjhuz kf;fisg; Nghd;W gaj;Jf;Fk; kd mOj;jj;Jf;Fk; Mshfp cs;sJld;> kpf Nkhrkhfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s trjp-fis Jg;guT nra;aTk; jpUj;jTk; ngUksT cly;fisj; Njhz;b vLj;Jg; Gijf;fTk; Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ.
,yq;ifapYk; tl Mr;NrapYKs;s r%fq;fspilNa Mz;fistplg; ngz;fspd; ,wg;G tPjk; 4 klq;F mjpfkhfTk; ,e;jpahtpy; %d;W klq;F ngupjhfTk; cs;sJ. ngz;fspd; r%f> Rfhjhu epiy apy; ,yF mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL jd;ikia> mtrufhy epiyia vjpHnfhs;tjw;fhd Maj;jg;gLj;Jk; jpl;lk; ed;F Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd miog;ig tpLf;fpd;wjhf> ,e;j rkkw;w jhf;fk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Rdhkpf;fhd gjpypWg;G> xU mtrufh yr; #o;epiyapy; ,dtpUj;jpr; Rfhjhuj;jpw;Fk; fh;gKw;w ngz;fspd; NjitfSf;Fk; ghuk;gupakhff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; Fiwthd Kd;Dupikf;F XH vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. fh;gpzpj; jha;khH tpNrl Njitg;ghLfisf; nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;gJld; neUf;fbf; fhyq;fspy; ,it mjpfupf;fpd;wd vd;w cz;ik fhzg;gl;lNghjpYk;> Vuhskhd epthuz eltbf;iffs; ,jidf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sj; jtwp tpLfpd;wd. ,aw;if my;yJ kdpjd; cUthf;fpa NgudHj;jq;fspd;NghJ fUj;jilr; rhjdq;fspd; tpdp Nahfk; gy epWtdq;fSf;F Kd;Dupikg;gLj;jf;$ba tplakhf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. Vndd;why;> mtHf-splk; Neubahff; Nfl;Lg; ngw kf;fs; jaf;fk; fhl;LtNjahFk;. ,yFth-fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba ,dtpUj;jpr; Rfh jhu kw;Wk; Vida mtrufhy epiyr; Rfhjhu cgfuzq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vq;FNk fhzg;gl;lJ. mit ,y;iynad;why; mNdf mtru fhy epiyr; Rfhjhuj; NjitfSf;F> chpajhd gy;tifg; gjpypWg;Gf;fSf;Fr; rhj;jpag;glhkNy NghapUe;jpUf;Fk;. ,j;jifa cgfuzj; njhFjpfspd;> gue;j mstpyhd Kd; Vw;ghl;L epiy> mj;jpahtrpakhdnjd;gJld; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jj; Nji-tahd ed;F xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l Njrpa mzpfSf;fhd gapw;rpAlDk;
,ize;Jk; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. Rdhk-papd; gpd;dhd fhyj;jpy; jahH epi-yapy; ,Ue;j jha; - Nra; cgfuzg; nghjpfs;> Njitg;gLk; kf;fSf;F tpdpNahfpj;jJ $l kpfg;nghpa gpu-Nahrdkhf ,Ue;jJ. cs;Shpy; thq;ff;$ba %yg;nghUl;fis itj; Jj; jahhpf;fg;gl;ldthf ,g; nghjpfs; ,Ue;jJld;> xU nfsutkhd tho;it nfhz;L elhj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd Njitg;ghLfSf;nfd ngz;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Lk; ,Ue;jd.
mNdf re;jHg;gq;fspy; kf;fspd; jz;zPUf;fhd cldbj;Njit> Ngz;jFepiyaw;w NeH jiyaPLfSf;$lhfg; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. epWtdq;fshy; mwp Kfk; nra;ag;gl;l ctH ePHr;Rj;jpfhpg;G rhjdq;fs; gOjile;J tUfpd;wd. jpwe;j epyf;fpzWfspd; caH ctH epiy msT ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba xU nghpa ePz;lfhyg; gpur;ridahFk;. ,yq;ifapy; khj;jpuk; 12>000 fpzW fs; ctH ePHj;jd;ikf;F khwptpl;ld. mj;Jld; Vuhskhd fpzWfspd; cs; ePHCw;W ctH ePhpd; cs;tUifahy; epue;jukhfNt ghjpg;gile;Js;sJ. ed;dPH> fly; ePHr;rkepiyahdJ kPz;Lk; rkepiyf;Ftu ePz;lfhyk; gpbf;Fk;. ,g;gbahd Kiwf;F Vuhs-khd kio tPo;r;rpf; fhyq;fs; $lj; Njitg;glyhk;. ctH ePiu ed;dPuhf;Fk; caHnjhopy; El;gg; gbKiwia rpy ntsp epWtdq;fs; mwpKfk; nra;Js;sNghjpYk; mit eilKiwr; rhj;jpaj;Jf;Fg; nghUe;jhjitahFk;. mjhtJ nryT <Lnra;tJ vd;gJ fbdnkd;whYk; cs;SH r%fq;fs; ,j;jifa njhopy;El;gf; fUtp-fisg; guhkhpf;Fk; nghWg;Ngw;f ,ayhj epiyapdhYk; ,k;Kaw;rp eilKiwf;Ffe;jjy;y.
rl;lG+Htr; gpur;rpidfspd; rpf;fy; tha;e;j jd;ik NghJkhd msT Ghpe;J nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. Rdhkp ghjpj;j ehLfspy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l kuzq;fSf;Fk; fhzkw;NghNdhH vdg;gtHfSf;Fkpilapyhd rl;lG+Ht NtWghlhdJ> Fwpg;ghf fztd; fhzkw;Nghdjhy; tpjitahf;fg;gl;ltHfs; kPJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rpf;fy;fisf; nfhz;Ltuyhk;. mNdf ehL fspy;> NguopTj; jhf;fkhdJ> tPl;L mj;jpthuj;ijj; jhDk; ,dk; fhz-Kbahj msTf;Fr; nra;Js;sJld; mtHfsJ ,Ug;Gf;fhd Mtzq;fis ,oe;J NghfTk; nra;Js;sJ. khiy jPtpy;> fy;tpr; rhd;wpjo;fspy; ,og;ghdJ ,sk; gps;isfspd; kd mOj;jj;Jf;fhd gpujhd %yfhuzpahf cs;sJ.
jk;Kld; Vw;Wr; NrHj;Jf;nfhz;l FLk;gq;fis kwf;fNtz;lhk;.
Rdhkpiaj; njhlHe;J epthuz kPs;fl;Lkhd Kaw;rpfs;> ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; Rfhjhu> r%fj; NjitfSf;F chpaKiwapy; Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;jd. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,lk;;ngahe;NjhUf;Fg; Gfyplk; nfhLj;JtUk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd> Mapuf;fzf;fhd FLk;gq;fspd;
Rdhkpf;Fg; nghJr; Rfhjhu gjpypWg;G -ehk; vd;d fw;Ws;Nshk;? kDty; fhHgy;Nyh> gpwad; `Py;
Gyk;ngaHTf;Fk; Rfhjhuj;Jf;Fkhd rHtNjr epiy
ak; xOq;F nra;j khiyjPTf; $l;lj;jpy;> kdpjNeag;
gjpypWg;gpypUe;J fw;Wf; nfhz;l ghlq;fis> Rdhkp ghjpj;j
ehLfisr; NrHe;j nghJr; Rfhjhu epGzHfs; fzpg;gpl;ldH.
FMR Rdhkp12
Njitfs; kl;by; NghJkhd msT ftdf;fzpg;G ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Fwpg;ghf khiyjPT> ,yq;if> Mr;Nr kf;fs; jkJ tPLfSf;Fs; ,lk; ngaHe;NjhUf;F Gfyp lKk; tpUe;Njhk;gYk; nfhLj;jjpy; ngUik nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,t; cjtp nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iynad; why;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; f];lq;fs; fzp rkhd msT kpfNkhrkhd epiy-ia mile;jpUf;Fk;. nghWg;Ngw;w FLk;gq;fs; gLk; f];lq;fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT Rikahf ,Ue;jNghJk; mtu;fs; nghWik fhg;gJ ek;gKbahj msT caH thAs;sJ. mtHfs; jkJ FLk;gk; gad;gLj;Jk; miw> czT> Vida tsq;fisg; gfpHe;Jnfhs;tJld; jkJ me;juq;fq;fisAk; ,oe;J> jkJ nrhe;j tho;f;if FWf;fPl;Lf;F MshtijAk; fhz;fpd;wdH. ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfsJ kPs;FbakHT vt;tsT J}uk; jhkjkhf;fg;gLfpd;wNjh> vt;tsT J}uk; Vw;Wr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fs; njhlHe;Jk; mtHfSf;F cjtNtz;b ,Uf;fpd;wNjh> mt;tsT J}uk; Vw;Wr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fspd; Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;tjpd;kl;by; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Vndd;why; kPl;rp vd;gJ mtHfSf;Fk; [PthjhukhdJ.
Vw;Wr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;l tPLfsp Yk; jw;fhypf ciwtplq;fspYk; fhzg;gLk; msTf;fjpfkhd Ms; neUf;fkhdJ> gy;tifr; Rf-hjhu> r%fg;gpur;ridfSf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yyhk;. ,d;Wtiu> ,t;thwhdit jLf;fg;gl;LtUkhw;Nghy Njhd;WfpwJ. Mdhy; vt;tsTJ}uk; ,r;#o;epiy ePl;lg;gl;Lf;nfhz;L NghfpwNjh mt;tsT J}uj;Jf;F mg;gpur;ridfs; vo tha;g;Gk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. kpjkpQ;rpa Ms; neUf;fbg; gpur;ridiaj; jw;fhypf tPLfisg; ghhpastpy; tpiuthf
mikg;gjd; %yk; jPHf;fKw;gLk;NghJ> ePH> kyry$l Njitfspd; kl;by; $ba ftdf; Ftpg;G mtrpkhAs;sJ.
,aw;if NgudHj;jj;jpd; xU gpujhd mk;rk;> jkJ cly; cs eyj;jpd; kPjhd cldbahfj; njd;glhjJk; miltjpy; rpf;fy; cs;sJkhd csr; r%fj;jhf;fkhFk;. Rdhkp ahy; NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kf;fspd; FW-fpa kw;Wk; ePz;lfhyj; Njitfisg; Ghpe;J nfhs;sYk; gjpypWj;jYk; mj;jpahtrpakhdJ. mj;Jld; r%f kPs;fl;Lkhdj;jpy; mtHfsJ gq;Nfw;Gf;fhd nfhs;jFjpwidj; jPHkhdpf;fTk; cjTk;. nghJr; Rfhjhuj;Jf;F ghuk;ghpakhf nfhLj;J tug;gl;LtUk; jho;kl;lf; ftdKk;> ,j;Jiwapy; kpff;Fiwe;jstpyhdtHfs; gapw;wg;gl;lJkhd #o;epiyapy;> Muk;gr; Rfhjhu ghuk;ghpg;Gg; gzpahsHfisAk;> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd r%f cstpay; gpur;ridfisf; fz;LzHe;J gjpypWf;f VidNahiuAk; Maj;jk; nra;a xU ghhpa ce;Jjiyf; nfhLf;f Ntz;b cs;sJ.
rka ek;gpf;if vd;gJ Rdhkp apy; capHgpioj;Njhuhy; fhl;lg;gl;l kPSk; jd;ikapd; KOikahd xU mq;fkhf cs;sJ. rkaj; jiytHfs; kdr;rkhjhdj;ij khj;jpuky;y> eilKiwj; jfty;fs; r%f xUq;fpizTf;fhd ftdf; Fwpg;G Nghd;wtw;iwAk; toq;fp cs;sdH. cjtp toq;FdHfs;> jkJ ghj;jpuj;ij kpfg; gue;j mstpy; kjpf;Fk; Njit cs;sJ. kWgf;fj;jpy;> epthuz cjtp epWtdq;fs; jkJ nrhe;jr; rkaj;ijg; gug;GtJ gw;wpAk; gy mwpf;iffs; cs;sd. ,J gy ehLf-spy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT gy;NtW Fog;gq;fisAk; gjfspg;igAk; cUthf;fp cs;sd. kdpjNeag; gzp
apy;> ,j;jifa rkaf; epWtdq;fs; ,j;jifa gq;fpid tFf;f mDkjpf;fg;glNtz;Lkh vd;w tpdhTk; njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ghpe;Jiufs;
fUj;juq;Fg; gq;Fgw;WdHfshy;> mOj;jpf; $wg;gl;l gpujhd NgudHj;jj; jpl;lkply; gpur;ridfs; tUkhW:
ntspehl;L epWtdq;fs; cs;SH nfhs;jFjpwidAk;> kPSk; jpwi-dAk; nry;yhjjhf;fhky; gyg;gLj;j Kaw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
mur mjpfhhpfSk; cs;SH r%fq;fSk;> ngz;fis Fwpf;fg;gl;l mghaj;Jf;Fl; gLj;Jk; fhuzpfs; kl;by; tpopg;GzHT nfhz;ltu;fshf khwNtz;Lk;.
fsj;Jf;F mDg;gg;gLk; mtru fhy epGzu;fs;> chpa jpwd;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gijAk; (,g;gb xUNgh Jk; elg;gjpy;iy) Njrpa mjpfhu gPlj;jplkpUe;J mwpTWj;jy;fis vLf;f Maj;jkhf ,Ug;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;j> epjp toq;FdHfs; Kay Ntz;Lk;.
Kd;dH Kuz;ghl;bdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Rdhkp ghjpj;j gpuhe;jpaq;fspy;> gadhspf-shy; ek;gg;glNtz;ba ,uhZ-tg; gilfspd; nfhs;jFjpwd; tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtHfsJ Nkyhz;ikg; ghj;jpuk;> jq;fp thOk; jd;ikia cUthf;FtJld; jkJ RajPHTfis itj;Jf;nfhz;L r%fq;fs; ,aq;FtijAk; jLf;fty;yJ.
Iehtpd; epjpf;fhd mtru tpz;zg;gk;> cldb Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;F khj;jpuk; xJf;fg;glTk; nrytplg;glTk;
Rdhkpf;Fg; nghJr; Rfhjhu gjpypWg;G - ehk; vd;d fw;Ws;Nshk;?FMR Rdhkp 13
gz;lh Mr;Nrapy;> XH cs;sf ,lk;ngau; Kfhkpy; rpd;dk;ikj; jLg;g+rp Vw;wg;gLk; 15 taJ gw;wpah
$lhJ. nghJr;Nritfis kPs; capHg;G+l;Ltjw;fhd ePz;lfhy mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fr; nrytplg;gLk; tz;zk; ,yFgLj;jp Gjpa eilKiwfs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
,dk; fhzg;gl;l NjitfSf;F kUj;Jtg; nghUl;fs; nghUj;jkhdit vd;gijAk;> mit vq;Nf Nghfpd;wd vDk; jlj;ijAk;> mj;jifa tpguq;fisAk;; epjp toq;FdHfs; gadhsp ehLfSf;F toq;fg;gLtij mtu;fshfNt cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
epjp toq;FdHfs; Maj;jkw;w epiyf;Fs; mfg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghd;W Njhd;WtJld;> cjtpfs; kpf tpidj;jpwDld; tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl;bUf;ff;$ba rpy gy;Njrpa xOq;fikg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.
gadhsp ehLfSf;F epjptoq;Fk; eilKi-wfs; gw;wp epjp toq;FdHfs; tpsf;fk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. epjpfs; cWjpaspf;fg;gl;lJk; mit jhkjkpd;wp cldbahf te;JtpLk; vd gy murhq;fq;fs; vz;Zfpd;wd.
kuk; eLif> mlHj;jpahd fhLfs;> rJg;Gepyj; jhtuq;fspd; ghJfhg;G vd;gd vjpHfhy RdhkpfSf;nfjpuhd jil-fisf; nfhLf;Fk; tz;zk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
];gpaH gpukhzq;fs; Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;fpd;w NghjpYk;> rjhuz
cs;SH r%fq;fSf;F mtw;iw mwpKfk; nra;tjpD}lhf> cs;SH-Njrpa nfhs;jFjpwd;fSf;fg;ghy;> ahjhHj;jj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd vjpHghHg;Gf;fis mtu;fspilNa cUthf;fyhk; vd;gij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; Njit cs;sJ.
kfg;Ngw;Wg; guhkhpg;G> jha;g;ghY}l;ly;> FLk;gj;jpl;lkply;> ,sitg; gUt ghypay; Rfhjhuk; rhHe;j jfty;fs;> ,dtpUj;jpr; Rfhjhu cgfuzg; nghjpfspd; Kd; Vw;ghL> Kd;epiy vLj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw ghJfhj;jypYk; Kd;Ndw;WtjpYk; $ba ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
xU ghJfhg;G ikakhfTk;> trjpfslq;fpa epiyakhfTk;> gy;Nehf;F nghJf;fl;lq;fis xJf;Fjy; mtrpak;.
RdhkpahdJ> vt;thW rHtNjr r%fk; Kd;ida NgudHj;jq;fspy; ,Ue;J fw;Wf; nfhz;litfis kwe;JtplKbAk; vd;gij khj;jpuky;y> vt;thW ehLfs; NgudHj;jq;fisf; if-ahsr; r%fq;fis m+aj;jk; nra;tjpy;; ftdk; nrj;jtpy;iy vd;gijAk; $l vkf;F epidT+l;b ,Ue;jJ. jpl;lq;fs; jPl;lg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;$l> NgudHj;jk; jhf;Fk;NghJ mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jf; $ba epiyapy; ,Ue;jtHfSld;> mit gfpug;gltpy;iy. vjpHfhyj;jpy;> NgudHj;j Maj;jj;ij xOq;fikg;gjpy; NkYk; mjpfkhd ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;b cs;sJ. mj;Jld; cs;SH Rfhjhuk;> r%f xOq;fikg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; KOik epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;> jLg;G Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs;
vd;gtw;Wld; mtw;iw Kd;ndLf;Fk; nghWg;Gtha;e;jtHfs; xt;nthUtUk; mtw;iwg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sr; nra;tjpYk; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Rdhkp kwf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;> ghpkhw;wg;glf;$ba Neha;fspd; fl;Lg;ghL> ,dtpUj;jpr; Rfhjhuk;> csr;r%f MjuT> tpdpNahfk; - Nritfs; xOq;fikg;G> fz;fhzpg;G Nghd;w Jiwfspy; fw;w ghlq;fis kPsha;T nra;jy; Kf;fpakhdJ. nghJr; Rfhjhuk;> Nguopitf; Fiwf;Fk; jpl;lk; vd;gdtw;wpd; gad;ghL> mtw;iw mwpe;J mtw;wpd; Maj;jj;jpy; gq;Fnfhs;Sk; kf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiag; nghWj;Nj cs;sd. kj;jpa murhq;fq;fspy; ,Ue;J cs;@H r%fq;fs; tiu> vy;yhj; jug;ghUk; njhlHr;rpahf jpl;lq;fis kPsha;T nra;tjpYk; gjpypWg;Gf;fis xj;jpifnra;J ghHg;gjpYk; njhlHg;GgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
kDty; fhHgy;Nyh> ,lk;ngaHT kw;Wk; Rfhjhuj;Jf;fhd rHtNjr epiyaj;jpd; ,af;FduhthH (11 Route du Nant d’Avril, CH – 121�, Geneva, Switzerland) gpwad; `Py; me;epiyaj;jpd; jfty; mjpfhhpahthH
kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected]; [email protected] khiyjPT $l;lj;ijg;gw;wpa mwpf;ifia
(jha;thd; rHtNjr Rfhjhu eltbf;if
epiyaj;jhy; epjp cjtp mspf;fg;gl;lJ)
ICMH ,d; gpd;tUk; ,izaj;jsj;jpy;
fhzyhk; www.icmh.ch
Rdhkpf;Fg; nghJr; Rfhjhu gjpypWg;G - ehk; vd;d fw;Ws;Nshk;? FMR Rdhkp1�
Emily
Will
/MC
C/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
,e;NjhNdrpah
tpy;> Nehahsp
fSld;>
YAKKUM mtrufhyg;
gpuptpd; itj;jpaH
rhup Kl;bah
jpKH
FMR Rdhkp 1�
kPz;LnkhU Kiw> Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd cjtpfs; nfhl;ba
Ntis> “,k;Kiw NtWtpjkhfj;jhd;
,Uf;fg;NghfpwJ> ,k;Kiw ghjpf;fg;
gl;ltHfisj; jtw tplkhl;Nlhk;” vDk; gioa fijfisf; Nfl;
Nlhk;. MW khjkhfptpl;lJ> Vida
NgudHj;jq;fspy; ,Ue;J ghhpa kPl;rpAk;
kPs;fl;LkhdKk; ve;jtifapy; NtWgl;L
,Uf;fpd;wd vdf; Nfl;Fk; NeukpJ.
vJ Njitahf ,Ue;jNjh mij
NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhd
Kaw;rpfs; mile;Js;sdth?
tPlw;wtHfSf;F tPLfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L
tho;itj; njhlHe;J nfhz;L
nry;fpd;wduh? F[uhj;> ghk;> Nfhg;
Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; G+fk;gk;> kj;jpa
mnkhpf;fh my;yJ fhpgpadpy; mbj;j
`hpf;Nfd; #whtsp> Mfpatw;wpy;
capH jg;gpatHfistpl Mr;Nr>
khiyjPT> ,yq;if> ,e;jpah Nghd;w
,lq;fspy; capH jg;gpatHfs; rpwg;ghf
,d;Ws;sduh? capH jg;gpatHfs;>
jkJ chpikfSf;fikthf
elj;jg;gLfpd;wduh? NtWtifapy; jkJ
,yf;Ffis milaKbahj murpay;
Kd;ndLg;ghsHfs;> mjid mila
NgudHj;jj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy;>
ghjpg;Gw;NwhH ,d;Dk; ghjpg;Gw;Nwhuhf
khw> mtHfsJ kdpj chpikfs; Xuk;
fl;lg;gl;Ls;sdth?
epyk; ,oe;J ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ
xt;nthU NgudHj;jj;jpYNk> capHfSk;
[PtNdhghaKk; mopf;fg;gLfpd;wd>
nghUshjhuf; f];lq;fs; <&lfj;jd;ik
nghUe;jpaitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd>
rhjhuz tho;tpy; fLikahd ,ila+W
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; vy;yhg;
NgudHj;jq;fSf;$lhfTk; ,io-
NahLk; nghJg; gaKWj;jy; ,Uf;fNt
nra;fpwJ. ntw;wpfukhd kPs;fl;Lkhdk;>
kPs; epthuzk;> kPs; GdUj;jhuzk;>
rPHgLj;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; ntw;wpf;F
mtrpakhdnjhd;iw jd;dfj;Nj
nfhz;bUg;gJ epyk;> tPL> nrhj;JrhHe;j
(vr;.vy;.gP) chpikfshFk;.
khDlr; Nrjj;ijtpl> rl;lg;gb
ntspNaw;Wkhg;Nghd;w rhf;F>
epyg;gwpg;G> epahag;gLj;j Kbahjh epyr;
RtPfhpg;Gj; jpl;lk;> tPlw;wtHfs; jkJ
nrhe;j fhzpfSf;Fk; tPLfSf;Fk;
kPz;Lk; jpUk;gpr; nry;tijj;
jLg;gjw;fhd tbtikf;fg;gl;l
eltbf;iffs; Nghd;wtw;iw Rdhkp
toq;fpaJ. jha;yhe;Jk; ,e;jpahTk;
Vida ehLfSk; kPs; jpUk;GjYf;fhd
chpikia fl;Lg;gLj;jp cs;sd.
Mdhy; ,yq;ifNah kPs; epHkhzg;
gbKiwfSf;$lhf jdJ FbapUg;G
epyj; Njhw;wj;ij kPs; Njhw;wk;
nfhLg;gjw;F KaYk; Rdhkp jhf;fpa
ehlhf> mJ ntspNa epw;fpwJ.
mur nfhs;ifahdJ flw;fiuapy;
,Ue;J 100 kPw;wUf;Fs; (rpy ,lq;fspy;
200 kPw;wH) Gjpa fl;Lkhdq;fs;
mikf;fg;gLtij jil nra;fpd;wJ.
Rdhkp jhf;fpaNghJ> fpl;lj;jl;l
500>000 kf;fs; mjhtJ jw;NghJ
,lk;ngaHe;Js;stHfs; 100 kPw;wH
jil tyaj;Jf;Fs;NsNa Kd;dH
tho;e;jdH. fl;Lkhd xOq;F tpjp
ahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,tHfSf;F>
Gjpa tPLfs; epHkhzpj;Jf; nfhLj;Jf;
FbakHj;j muR thf;FWjp
mspj;Js;sJ. 100 kPw;wUf;Fs; ,Ue;j
jdpahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd epyq;fs;
njhlHe;Jk; cz;ikahd chpikah-
sHfspd; nrhj;Jf;fshf ,Uf;Fk;
mNjNtis (mj;jifa epyq;fis
muR$l nrhe;jk; nfhz;lhlkhl;lhJ
vd $WfpwJ) 100 kPw;wH rl;lkhdJ
Mapuf;fzf;fhd kPdtr; r%jhaj;ij
NrHe;jtHfisAk; flw;fiuapy;
my;yJ mUfpy; tho;e;Jk;
njhopy; Ghpe;Jk; te;j VidatHfi-
sAk; jkJ nrhe;jf; fhzpfSf;F
jpUg;gpr; nry;tij epue;jukhfj;
jLf;fpwJ. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;
,Jkl;by; mjpUg;jpAw;Ws;sdH vd;gJ
Ghpe;Jnfhs;sf; $baNj.
flw;fiuNahuq;fisAk; vjpHfhyj;jpy;
Vw;glty;y Rdhkpapy; ,Ue;J Kd;dH
trpj;jtHfisAk; ghJfhf;Fk; Nguhty;>
Kw;WKOjhf epahakhdjhfTk;> kdpj
chpikfs; epakq;fSld; ,zq;fpr;
nry;tjhfTk; njd;glyhk;. ,Ue;j
NghjpYk; ,j;jifa ,yq;iff; fiu
Nahu Fbrdj;njhifia khw;wty;y
jpl;lq;fs;> gy jpirfspypUe;Jk;
tUk; tpkHrdq;fSf;Fl;gl;Ls;sJ.
Kjyhtjhf> kf;fs; jhNk
,t;thW efHtjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy
vd;gJld; jkJ Kd;ida
tPLfSf;F kPsj;jpUk;gNt
Vq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH.
,uz;lhtJ> ,yq;ifapy; 100
kPw;wH rl;lk; gw;wp tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f
fye;jhNyhrid ,y;iy. %d;whtJ>
n`hl;ly;fSf;Fk;> gzf;fhu nrhj;J
mgptpUj;jpahsHfSf;Fk; Vida
tpNrl rYif ngw;w FOf;fSf;Fk;
100 kPw;wH rl;lk; mDkjp mspg;gJld;
Gweilg;ghq;iff; nfhz;bUg;gJ rY-
iffs; gw;wpa fLikahd fhpridfis
vOg;gpAs;sJ.
tPlikg;G epr;rakpd;ik
Mr;Nrapy; mjpfhhpfs;> epue;ju nt-
spaplf; FbakHj;jYf;F Kfk;
nfhLg;gijf; fhl;bYk; jd;dhHt
kPs; jpUk;Gjy; mbg;gilapy;> nrhe;j
tPLfSf;F kf;fs; nry;tij
mDkjpf;Fk; tz;zk;> jkJ
nfhs;iffis Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
msT khw;wpAs;sdH. ,jdhy;
Mr;NrapdH Gjpa gpur;ridfSf;F
Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. kpfNkhrkhfg;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; ,d;Wk; Gjpa
tPLfs; mNdfkhf fl;Lg;gltpy;iy
my;yJ kPs; fl;Lkhdg; gbKiw
Ntjid nfhs;epiyapy; kpf nkJthf
,Ue;J tUfpwJ. epWtdq;fshy;
Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; r%f tiughf;fj;jpd;
Kf;fpa gbKiw Mr;Nrapy;
,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. Mdhy; mjpfhhp fs;
,e;j mbkl;lj;jpypUe;J Nky; Nehf;fpa
Kd;ndLg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj; jaf;fk;
fhl;Lfpd;wdH. ,J rpyNtis cyf
tq;fpahy; cjtpaspf;fg;gLk; “tpiuthd
cWjp gjpTnra;Ak; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;” MSifj; jhf;fkhf ,Uf;fyhk;>
Mr;Nrapy; ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lkhdJ>
epjpkl;by; kpfj; jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$bajhf
,Ue;jNghjpYk;> kpf nkJthd
Jk; gue;j kPs; fl;Lkhdg; gb
Kiwia Jhpjg;gLj;Jtjpy; cjTtjw;F
rhj;jpakhd Kuz;ghLfis
J}gkpLtjhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
,yq;ifapy;> Rdhkp mbj;J 6
khjq;fspd; gpd;Dk;> Mapuf;fzf;fhd
ghjpg;Gw;wtHfs; jw;fhypf
nfhl;by;fspYk; $lhuq;fspYk;
tho;fpd;wdH. ghuk;ghpa fiuNahuf;
fpuhkq;fspy; ,Ue;J ehd;F my;yJ
Ie;J rpy rkaq;fspy; 14 fpNyh
kPw;wUf;fg;ghy; Gjpa tPLfis mikf;f
muR jpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd
mwpf;iffs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. fli-
yNa [Pthjhukhff; nfhz;l kPdtf;
FLk;gq;fspd; [PtNdhghaj;jpy; ghhpa
jhf;fj;ij ,J nfhz;L tug;NghfpwJ.
,yq;ifapy; jw;fhypf kPsf;FbakHTg;
gpuNjrj;Jf;F tUif jUk; xUtUf;F>
Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jkf;Fj;
Njitahd epue;ju tPLfisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s gy tUlq;fSf;Ff;
fhj;jpUf;fg; NghfpwhHfs; vd;w
czHitg; ngWtJ mt;tsT
fbdkhdjy;y.
kPsf; fl;Lk; Kaw;rpapy; ,e;jr;
r%fq;fSld; neUf;fkhfj; njhlH
gLtjpy; cs;s Njhy;tpahdJ
Nky jpfkhd tpuf;jpiaj; jUfpwJ.
Rdhkp ghjpj;j ehLfs; KOtJk;>
ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fspd; jPHkhdnkLj;jy;
cs;slq;fyhf> kPs;fl;Lkhd Kaw;rpfs;
nghJthfNt> cr;rpapypUe;J mbkl;lk;
Nehf;fpa Kd;ndLg;Gf;fshfNt ,Ue;J
tUfpd;wd. ghjpg;Gw;w jdp kdpjHfs;>
FLk;gq;fs;> r%fq;fs; kpf tpiuthfg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;
$ba tPl;Lf;fhd jPHTfisf;
fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Kfhkhf xd;wpize;J
nraw;gl> ghjpg;Gw;w gpuhe;jpaq;fs;
KOtjpYKs;s> muRfs;> r%fq;fs;>
epWtdq;fs; tpNrl Kaw;rpfis
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 2001,y; Vw;gl;l
G+fk;gj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyg;gFjpapy;
kpfg; ghhpa epyj;jpUl;L];nfhl; ypAfp
RdhkpahdJ> NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdq;fspy;
xU chpikfs; - ika mZFKiwf;fhd Njitia
epidT+l;bAs;sJ. kpfr; rpf;fyhdJ my;yJ nryT$bahjd
xU gf;fj;jpy; J}f;fp tPRtijf;fhl;bYk;> tPlikg;G> epyk;>
nrhj;Jhpik vd;gd NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd jpl;lj;jpd;
,jaj;jpy; nrUfg;gLkhfpy;> mJ ntw;wp ngWk; vd;gjw;fhd
re;jHg;gq;fs; mjpfk;. ,e;j chpikfs; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;glhkNyh
my;yJ tpyf;fg;gl;L xU xOq;fikg;G hPjpahf kPwg;gl;lhNyh>
chpikfs; khj;jpuk; J];gpuNahfk; nra;ag;gltpy;;iy khwhf kPs;
fl;LkhdKk; Njhy;tpailfpwJ.
kpfg; ghhpa epyj;jpUl;L FMR Rdhkp1�
F[uhj; khdpy muR nraw;gl;l tpjj;ij
muRfSk; ntspehl;L epWtdq;fSk;
khjphpahff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
cs;SH r%fq;fisAk; cs;SH
epWtdq;fisAk; kPs;fl;Lkhdg; gb
Kiwia Kd;ndLf;f mDkjpj;jijAk;>
khdpy muNrh my;yJ jdpahH
JiwNah kPs;tPlikg;G Kaw;rpia
nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;jhy; ele;jpUf;ff;$ba
Ntfj;ijf; fhl;bYk; Nkw;Fwpj;jtHfspd;
Kaw;rpahy; vt;tsT tpiuthf kPs
tPl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;g KbANkh mt;tsT
tpiuthf ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jpUg;gpaijAk;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
chpikfs; ika kPs;fl;Lkhdk;
,e;j ,aw;ifg; NgudHj;jj;jpy;
cl;gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s khD
lg; ngUe;JauhdJ> capH
gpioj;NjhH jkJ ,y;yq;fisAk;
[PtNdhghaj;ijAk; r%fq;fisAk;
kPsf;fl;bnaOg;g KidAk; Ntis>
mtHfsJ kdpj chpikfis kPWt
jd; %yk; mjpfhpf;fg;glf;$lhJ.
vr;vy;gP chpikfs;> NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg;
gpd;dhd xOq;fikg;gpy; kpfg; gpu-
jhd khd fhuzpahFk;. mj;Jld;
vjpHfhy kPl;rp Kaw;rpfspd; KOikahd
mq;fkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. epthuz
kPs; fl;Lkhd Kaw;rpfspy;> vr;vy;gP
chpikfs;rhH Ntiyj;jpl;lkhdJ>
Rdhkpf;fhd gjpypWg;gpd;kl;by;
vjpHfhy NgudHj;jq;fspy; $l
mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yk; fbdkhd
nfhs;iffspy; gytw;iw jtpHg;gjw;F
vNjh xUtifapy; ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;.
1. Rakhf kPs; jpUg;GjYf;fhd
chpik: NgudHj;jq;fspd; vy;yh
capH gpioj;NjhUk; jhk; Kd;dH
trpj;j fhzpfSf;F vt;tpj
ghugl;rKk; ,d;wp Rakhfj;
jd;dhHtj;Jld; jpUk;gptUtjw;fhd
chpikia nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mtHfsJ
tPLfs; thoNth jpUj;jj;Jf;Fl;gl;L
gpd; gad;gLj;jNth
$badntd;why; ,e;j tPLfisj;
jpUj;jTk;> kPsg;ngwTk;> kPsTk;
cupiknfhz;lhlTk;> kPsTk;
thoTkhd chpik kjpf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. kPs; jpUk;Gjypy;
VjhtJ epahag;gLj;jg;gl Kbahj
fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,Ug;gpd;> mit rHt-
Njr rl;lj;jpd; fPo;> rl;lj;Jf;Fg;
Gwk;ghdjhff; fhzg;gLk; fl;lha
ntspNaw;wj;Jf;F <lhFk;.
2. NghJkhd msT ,Ug;gpl
,y;yj;Jf;Fk; ghJfhg;ghd
kPs; jpUk;GjYf;Fkhd chpik:
midj;J mdu;j;jq;fisAk;
njhlu;e;J> midj;Jg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fSf;Fk;> jdpegu;fSf;Fk; ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfSf;fikthf NghJkhdjhdJk; ,aYkhdJkhd tPlnlhd;W toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. kPs; jpUk;Gjy;> kPs;FbNaw;wk; kl;by; ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; r%fq;fSf;Fk; xg;ge;jg; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;gl;L cupaKiwapy; mJ tPl;L> fhzpg;gjptpy; gjpag;gly; mtrpak;. kPs;epu;khzg; gbKiwapd; tpiothf ahUk; tPlw;wtu;fshf khwf;$lhJ.
3. gq;Nfw;G> fye;jhNyhrid> ghukl;rkpd;ikf;fhd cup ik: jpl;lkply;> kPs;tUif> Kfhikj;Jtk;> kPs; tPLfis Mf;Fjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mdHj;jdj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; KOikahd gq;Nfw;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F tpNrl Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. midj;Jg; ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fSk; ve;j xU tPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpYk; fye;jhNyhrpf;fg;glTk;> jkJ tpUg;Gf;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj;jTk; r%f – ika mikg;Gf;fis cUthf;fp Cf;fg;gLj;jg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;. tPL> kPs;epHkhdk; mjDld; njhlHGgl;l cs;sff; fl;Lkhdk; vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf Kd;dhs; FbapUg;ghsh;fs; mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf Vio tjptplj;jhH khj;jpuk; gad;ngWtij cWjpg;gLj;j Kw;WKOjhd gq;Nfw;G> xopTkiwtw;w> tif $Wk; xOq;FKiwfs; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. midj;J kPs; fl;Lkhd GdH tho;T Kaw;rpfSk;> xJf;fg;gl;l my;yJ Fwpg;ghf ,yF mghaepiyf;Fl;gl;ltHfsJ Njitfis ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.
4. jw;fhypf tPlikg;G Maj;jk;
nra;jypy; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd chpik: NgudHj;jj;ijj; njhlHe;J jw;fhypf tPlikg;G FbapUg;Gf;fisg; NghL tjpYk; elj;JtjpYk; rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; gpukhdq;fSf;F KOikahf ,zq;Ftjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kfhk; thrpnahUthpd; ciwAs;> ePH> czT> kUj;Jtg; guhkhpg;G> fy;tp vd;gtw;Wf;fhd chpikia epiwT nra;tjw;F Nkyjpfkhf> KfhkhdJ mjpy; trpf;Fk; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspDldhd
KOikahd fye;jhNyhrid> xj;Jiog;Gld; epHtfpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtrufhy epiyrhH cjtpg; nghUl;fNsh trjpfNsh ahiuAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mlf;Ftjw;Fkhd rhjdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ. jw;fhypf Kfhk;fs; midj;jpDs;Sk; cly; csg;ghJfhg;G> csr;Rfhjhuk; Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs; rpWtHfspd; ,j;jifa mk;rq;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLtJld;
ghuhkhpf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
5. [Pthjhuk;> r%fg; ghJfhg;G>
jz;zPH> Rfhjhuk; fy;tp
vd;gdtw;Wf;fhd chpik: NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd cjtp Kaw;rpfs; ntWkNd mtrufhy cjtpiaAk; jw;fhypf Kfhk;fs; mikg;igAk; Nehf;fpajhf rkkw;w tifapy; jpirg;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ. kPs; fl;Lkhdk;> GdHtho;Tf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd tsq;fs;> nghUj;jkhd tPLfisf; fl;lTk;> ,oe;j [PtNdhghaj;ij kPs capHg;gpf;fTk;> r%fg; ghJfhg;G> Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> r%f trjpfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd nghUl;fSf;Fk; nrytplg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
6. guk;giur; nrhj;Jf;fhd rk
chpik: ghugl;rkpf;fJk; ngz;fs; gps;isfSf;F rkkhd nrhj;J khw;wj;ij jLf;fty;yJkhd midj;Jg; guk;giur; nrhj;Jk; nrhj;Jhpikr; rl;lq;fSk; my;yJ eilKiwfSk; (Ki-wrhH my;yJ Kiwrhuh) JUtp Muhag;gl;L rkkhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. tpjitfSf;F rl;lG+Ht fhzp cWjpfs; toq;fg;gLtJld; jkJ nrhe;jg; ngaHfspy; khw;wg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;. jpUkzkhd ngz;fs; jkJ fztH gps;isfSld; nrhj;J Mtzq;fspy; rkkhf
,dk;fhl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
7. ngz;fs; chpikfs;: ngz;fs; nghJthfNt ghuk;ghpakhf capHgpioj;jiyAk; mtHf-sJ r%fj;jpd; eyd;fisAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; Kd;dpiyapy; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; Nky; typAWj;jg;gl;l ngz;fSf;fhd chpikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Nkyjp-fkhf epthuzk;> kPs; epHkhdk;> GdHtho;T Kaw;rpfspy; ngz;fSf;F cjTtJk; gq;Nfw;Gf;fhd mtHf-sJ chpikfis kjpg;gJk;
,d;wpaikahjJ.
,e;J rKj;jpur; RdhkpahdJ> mLj;j ghhpa ,aw;if my;yJ kdp jH cUthf;Fk; mdHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gjpypWf;Fk; nghWg;igg; ngw;Ws;s> nfhs;if tFg;ghsHfSf;F Vuhskhd gbg;gpidfisj; je;Js;sJ. mLj;j ,d;DnkhU NgudHj;jk; Vw;gLk;NghJ kPl;rpg;gbKiwapy; ,d;W ehk; fhZk; muRfspd; rhJ}hpakhd Ruz;ly;fs; kPz;Lk; Vw;glhJ vd ek;gyhk;.
];nfhl; ypAfp> tPl;Lhpikfs; kw;Wk; rl;lg;gb ntspNaw;wj;Jf;fhd epiyaj;jpd; ,af;FdUk; (COHRE www.cohre.org) Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd; ,yq;ifapYk; khiyjPtpYk; tPlikg;G> fhzp> nrhj;Jhpikfs; rhHe;j gpur;ridfspy; gzpGhpe;jtUk; MthH. kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected] MdJ> Rdhkp jhf;fpa ehLf-spy; kPs; epHkhz epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; kdpj chpikfs; J];gpuNahfq;fSf;fhd fz;fhzpg;G mYtyfj;ij mz;ikapy; nfhOk;gpy; mikj;Js;sJ. njhlHGfSf;F : [email protected]
Scot
t Lec
kie
,yq;ifapy;>
tPLfs;
epkpu;e;J epd;w
,lq;fs;
Vida mtrufhy epiyikfSf;fhd epjpia
Rdhkp jpir jpUg;gptpl;lJ vd mNdf cjtpg; gzpahsh;fs; jkJ ftiyia ntspapl;Ls;sdh;. ,Nj khjphpahd gak; vg;Nghnjy;yhk; ghhpa mtru fhy-epiy vOfpd;wNjh mg;Nghnjy;yhk; vOe;Js;sJ. Mdhy; mit epahag;gLj; jg;gLfpd;wdth?
,f;fl;Liuia tiuAk; [{d; 03 ,y;> gpujhd I.eh. epWtdq;fspdJk; mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fspdJk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;ba I.eh. tpd; mtru tpz;zg;gKk; jpul;ba tpz;zg;gq;fSk; 41% epjpia ngw;wd vd I.eh.tpd; epjpj; jpl;l Nrit1 mwptpj;J. ,e;J rKj;jpu epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; rkepiyg;ghq;fpypUe;J tpy-fpaNghJ> epjp toq;fy; mw;gkhf 25%f;F fPopwq;fpaJ. mNjNghy; fle;j tUlk; lhG+h; khdpyj;Jf;F cyf ftdk; jpUk;Gtjw;F Kd;dh;> mtru tpz;zg;gj;Jf;Fk; jpul;ba tpz;zg;gq;fSf;Fk; 23% f;F epjp cjtp mspf;fg;gl;ld. xNu ghh;itapy; Nehf;fpd;> nrd;w tUlj;ijtpl ,t;tUlk; epjpAjtp rpwpJ NtWgl;ljhf njd;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; N[h;kdp> [g;ghd;> Nehh;Nt> mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w gpujhd epjp toq;Fk; ehLfs; Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F epjp toq;Ftjpy; rpwpJ guthapy;iy vdyhk;. mNj Ntis xU tUlj;Jf;F Kd;du; ,Ue;jij tpl cah;thf ,Uf;fpd;wd. cz;ikapy; Vid gpur;ridfSf;F epjp toq;fy; xU ey;y nra;jpahf cs;sJ NghYs;sJ. my;yJ mt;thW njd;gLfpwNjh?
Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F epjpaspg;gij Rdhkp jpir jpUg;gtpy;iynad KbTf;F tUKd;dh;> 2004 Mz;Lld; xg;gpLk;NghJ ,t;tUlj;jpy; fpilf;ff;$ba kdpj Nea epjpapd; msit ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 2005 ,y; ,d;Wtiu Vuhs-khd gzk;> cjtp epWtdq;fSf;F fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jjw;F Rdhkpf;F ed;wp. mNjNtis Rd-hkp epjpia ftdj;jpy; vLf;fhj NghjpYk;$l> 2004 ,y; ,Nj fhyg;gFjpapy; fpilf;ff;$bajhapUe;j 697 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,t;tUlk; 847 kpy;ypad; lhyh; vd;gJ mjpfkhdNj. mjpfhpj;J tUk; ftdpg;ghuw;w gy;NtWgl;l mtrufhy epiyikfSf;F Mf 417 kpy;ypad; lhyh;fis khj;jpuk; tpl;Ltpl;L> ,t;tUlj;jpd; nkhj;jj;jpy; miuthrpg; gq;F #lhDf;FhpajhfpAs;sJ. fle;j tUl ,Nj fhyg; gFjpia tpl 2005 ,y; Kjy; 5 khj fhyg;gFjpapy;> kj;jpa Mgphpf;f FbauR> rhl;> nrr;dpah> vhpj;jphpah> fthdh> Nrhkhypah> Nkw;F Mgphpf;fh Nghd;w ehLfs; Fiwe;j gzj;ij ngw;Ws;sd. mq;Fs;s kf;fs; xU tUlj;Jf;F Kd; ,Ue;jijtpl kpf NkhrkhfNt ,d;Ws;sdu;. 2005f;fhd 21 tpz;zg;gq;fspy; ruhrhp epjp toq;fy; 25% khj;jpuNk ,Uf;f> nkhj;j tpz;zg;gq;fspy; 11> 20% f; Ff; Fiwthd epjpia ngw;wd. 1992 ,y; ,Ue;J> ,j;jifa tpz;zg;gq;fs; tUlj;ij G+h;j;jpnra;Ak;Ntis ruhrhp ahf 67% epjpia khj;jpuk; nfhz;bUf;f epjp toq;fy; Neuf;fzpg;G rhu;e;j
RdhkpAld; njhlh;Ggl;l kpf Nkhrkhd gpur;ridfSk; cs;sd.
ey;y nfhs;iffSf;Fk;> eilKiw gpd;gw;wy;fSf;Fk; xOFk; rpy Kf;fpa murhq;fq;fshy; Kd; vLf;fg;gl;l ‘ey;y kdpj Nea epjptoq;F jd;ik’apd;2 kl;by; ,t;tUlk; 2k; tUlkhf cs;sJ. ,tw;wpy; xd;W> tpz;zg;gq;fs; tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl;lJk; cldbahf gzk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij vkf;F $WfpwJ. Rdhkpf;fhd epjprhh; gjpYWg;G cz;ikapy; kpf tpiuthf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ Vida gpur;ridfSf;fhd epjp toq;fy; toikNghy nkJthfNt cs;sJ. epjp toq;Fgth;fs; Rdhkpapy; ftdk; Ftpj;jJld; Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F ftdj;ij nrYj;jj;jf;f NghjpasT mYtyf tsq;fis Fiwthf nfhz;bUe;jdh;. Rd-hkp my;yhj Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F Kd;nkhopT mbg;gilapy; epjpaspj;jy;> xg;ge;jq;fis nra;tjw;fhd nghWg;Ngw;G vd;gd mth;fs; Kd;dh; nra;jij fhl;bYk; jhkjkhfNt ,lk;ngWfpd;wd vd;gJ$l xu; gjpy; tpisNtahFk;.
rpy rk;gtq;fspy; GjpjhfTk;> Nkyjpf khfTk; thf;fspf;fg;gl;l Rdhkp fhR cz;ikapy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,y;iy. vdNt gy epjp toq;Fdh;fs;; Vida mtrufhy epiyikfSf;nfd;W Kd;dh; xJf;fg;gl;ltw;iw> Rdhkp gzkhf xJf;f gy FWf;F topfis ifahz;ldh;. mj;jifa rk;gtq;fspy; epjp mikr;rh;fs; epjpfis <L nra;a thf;FWjp mspj;jdh;. Mdhy; mjw;F mjpf fhyk; vLf;ff;$ba rl;l hPjpahd nraw;ghLfs; Njitg;glyhk;. me;j tifapy; Rdhkp rpy epjp tsq;fis jpir jpUg;gpaJld; Vida gpur;ridfs; cs;s gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; gzj;ij fhyjhkjg;gLj;jpaJ. gpd;yhe;J Nghd;w muRfs; ,t; Mz;Lf;nfd cUthf;fg;gl;l cjtp gl;[l;il Vw;fdNt nfhz;Ls;sJld; mJ mjpfhpf;fg;gl khl;lhJ vd mwptpj;Jk; cs;sdu; vd;gJ Rdhkpahy; te;j jhf;fj;ij ,d;Wk; mjpfhpf;fr; nra;Js;sJ. Rdhkpf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gzk; vd;gJ Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F gzk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,y;iy vd;gijNa fUJfpwJ.
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dh;> cjtp epWtdq;fs; tpiuthfTk;> jhuhskdJlDk; nray;gl nghJkf;fsplkpUe;Jk; cs;shh;e;j tpjj;jpYk; ngUk; mOj;jj;Jf;Fl;gl;ldh;. fpilf;ff;$ba gapw;wg;gl;l gzpahsh;fspd; vz;zpf;if tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;Ls;sJld;> gy I.eh. mikg;Gf;fSk; mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fSk; Kf;fpa fs eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;J jkJ toq;fis jiyikafq;;fSf;F> Rdhkpf;fhf gzpahw;w jpir jpUg;gp cs;sdh;. nrd;w tUlj;ij tpl ,e;j tUlj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; Kjy; neUf;fbahf jpfohj gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;fhd Kd;nkhopTfis gy epWtdq;fs; ifaspj;Js;sd vd;gJ ,jd; gpd; tpisTfspy; xd;whf jpfo;fpwJ. cz;ikapy; nrd;w tUlj;jpd; ,Nj fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy;
Mgphpf;fhtpd; rpy ehLfSf;fhd ngwg;gl;l Kd;nkhopTfspd; vz;zpf;if ,t;tUlj;jpy; Fiwthf cs;sJ vd xU gpujhd epjp toq;Fdh; $wpAs;shh;.
epiwT
Rdhkpf;F xj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l gzk; vd;gJ Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F ,y;iy vd;w epiyapy;> ,e;J rKj;jpu Ngudh;j;jk; Vida gpur;rpidfSf;fhd epjpaspj;jiy jpir jpUg;gpAs;sJ vd;gij $l;bf; fopj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; mjpy; xd;Wkpy;iy vd;w fUj;ijNa Kd;nkhopfpwJ. ,ij tpl ,e;jr; #o;epiyahdJ rpf;fy; tha;e;jJ. cjhuzkhf mNdf epjp toq;Fdh;fs; Rdhkp epjpaspj;jy; vd;gJ Nkyjp-fkhd gzk; vd;Wk; Vida gpur;rpidfspy; jhk; nryTnra;jJ fle;j tUlj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; cz;ikapy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ vd;Wk; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;fs;;.
xl;L nkhj;jkhf> ,e;J rKj;jpu Ngudh;j;jk; Mff;Fiwe;jsT jw;fhypfkhfNtDk;> epjp toq;Fdh;fspdJk; cjtp epWtdq;fspdJk; Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F gjpypWg;gij ghjpj;Js;sJ. ,r; #o;epiy jiy fPohf khwf; $banjd;gJld; cjtpg; gzp r%fj;jhy; xUKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l nray;ghl;il Ntz;bAk; epw;fpwJ. Kd;Fwpj;J fzpg;gplty;yJk; chpa Neuj;Jf;Ffe;jJk; Njit ika epjpaspj;jYf;Fkhd miog;G vg;NghJk; ngWkhdk; kpf;fJ. gpe;jpa epjpaspj;jy; Fiwthd epjp mspj;jy; Mfpadtw;wpd; gpd; tpisTfs; gw;wp cjtp toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; epjp toq;F epWtdq;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;f;f Ntz;Lk;. iftplg;gl;l my;;yJ jhkjkhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fshy; Vw;gLk; kdpj mtyq;fspd; gpd; tpisTfis tpghpf;Fk; juT-fs; jfty;fs; mtrpakhdit. jkJ Rdhkp gzk; NtwhdJ> Vida epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;ljy;y vd;nwy;yhk; $Wk; muRfs; mJ cz;ikjhdh vd epUgpf;FkhW Nfl;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rl;lkpaw;Wgth;fSk; epjp mikr;rh;fSk; kdpj Nea gzpf;fhd gl;[l;Lf;fis tpiuthf khw;wpaikf;f nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtrufhy epthuzj;jpy; fhyf;fzpg;G vd;gJ kpf Kf;fpak;. 2005 [{d; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; jdJ tpz;zg;gq;fspd; jw;Nghija epiy gw;wp fye;Jiuahl n[dpthtpy; I.eh xU $l;lj;ij $l;lTs;sJ. cyfpd; kpfTk; gpujp$yk; kpf;f gpuNjrq;fspy; Ngudh;j;jj;jhYk; Aj;jj;jhYk; jhf;fg;gl;Ls;s kf;fSf;F vd;d ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjpy; $ba mOj;jKk; ftdKk; nfhLf;fg;gl cs;sd. ghhpa kdpj Nea r%fj;jpd; cldb ftdk; ,jw;F Njitg;gLfpwJ.
nuhgp yhd;]h; Kd;id ehs; mfjpfs; Ma;T epiya tUifju cldpUg;ghsUk; n[dpth X. rp. vr;. V. ,y; jpul;ba tpz;zg;gg; gbKiw Kiwf;fhd jiytUk; Mthh;. Ra jw;Wzptpy; ,f;fl;Liu tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ. kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected]. www.reliefweb.int/fts2. www.reliefweb.int/ghd
Vida neUf;fbfSf;fhd epjpaspj;jiy Rdhkp ghjpj;Js;sjh?
nuhgp yhd;]h;
FMR Rdhkp 1�
If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; rHtNjr mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpizf;fsk;
(DFID) Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyj;jpy; cldbahf mz;zsthf xj;Jf;nfhz;l 68 kpy;ypad; gTz;fs; epthuz cjtpf;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij jw;NghJ jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. jdJ kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;G kPsha;T G+u;j;jpahf;fg; glhjNghjpYk; Kd;$l;ba ghlq;fs; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd.
njd;fpof;fhrpa gpuhe;jpaj;ij khH fop 26 ,y; cYf;fpa Rdhkpf;F gpupj;jhdpa murpd; gjpypWg;ig bgpl; (DFID) topelj;jp cs;sJ. Kuz;ghl;Lf;Fk; kdpjNea mYtyfj;Jf;Fkhd jpizf;fsj;jpd; (CHADOT) gzpf;FOtpd; gpujhd mq;fj;Jt mYtyfu;> ,yz;ldpy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L khHfop 26k; jpfjp khiyNa nfhOk;ig te;jile;jhH. bgpl; mjpfhhpfis gpupj;jhdpa caH ];jhdpfuhyaj;jpy; re;jpj;Jtpl;L> Ieh mjpfhhpfSld; fye;Jiuahba gpd;> kpf Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l fpof;F fiuNahukhd mk;ghiwf;F cld-bahf nrd;W> ,yq;if muRf;F cjTk; nghUl;L Ieh kw;Wk; gue;j kdpjNea r%fj;Jf;fhd fzpg;gPl;il nghWg;ngLg;gnjd KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ. NguopT Vw;gl;L xUrpy ehl;fspNyNa KjyhtJk; tpiuthdJk; tprhykhd-Jkhd tpisTj;jhf;fk; kw;Wk; Njitf; fzpg;gPl;il Ieh> A+v];vapl;> bgpl; Mfpad ,ize;J vLj;j vLg;gpNyNa nra;J Kbj;jd. mj;Jld;> vkJ mYtyHfs;> epthuz cjtp> A+. vd;. vr;. rP. MH. kw;Wk; Njrpa mjp-fhurig vd;gdtw;Wld; ,ize;J Muk;g ,ilj;jq;fy;; Kfhk;fis xOq;fikj;jy; Nghd;w tpilaq;fspy; <Lgl;bUe;j gphpj;jhdpa ,uhZtj;ij topelj;JtjpYk; ,ize;J gzpGhptjp Yk; <Lgl;ldu;. mj;Jld; FbapUg;G> ghJfhg;G> csr;r%f cjtp> fy;tp [Pthjhu nraw;ghLfis Muk;gpj;jy; Nghd;wdtw;iw Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; CHAD Kfhikj;Jtj;Jf;F> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd ghpe;JiufisAk; cUthf;fpdH.
KjyhtJ njhFjp epthuzk; tpkhd%lhf If;fpa ,uhl;rpaj;ijtpl;L Gwg;gLtjw;fhd xOq;Ffis bgpl; Nkw;nfhz;lJ. kdpjNea mDgtq;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; Iehtpd; mYtyfk; (xrpvr;V) My; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l ,e;J rKj;jpu mtru tpz;zg;gj;Jf;F bgpl; 10 kpy;ypad; gTz;fis mspj;jJ. IehTf;$lhf 40 kpy;ypad; gTz;fis epthuz kPl;rpg; gzpfSf;F jdJ cjtpahf bgPl; mspj;jpUe;jJ. ,J Iehtpd; epWtdq;fis kw;Wk; Neub cjtp ,uz;bidAk; ,izg;gjhf ,Ue;jJ.
Rkhj;jpuhtpd; mopTf;Fl;gl;l Nkw;F fiu KOtJkhd gpuNjrj;jpy; jdpikg;gl;Lg; NghapUe;j r%fq;fSf;fhd Iehtpd; kw;Wk; Vida epWtdq;fspd; cjtp fis toq;Ftjpy; Ie;J cyq;FthD}Hjpfis thliff;fkHj;jpf; nfhLj;jjd; %yk; jdJ fhj;jpukhd ghj;jpuj;ij bgpl; epiwNtw;wpapUe;jJ. gy gphpj;jhdpahitr; rhuhj epWtdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf 25 mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fSf;F jkJ Ntiyia Kd;ndLf;f cjTk; Kfkhf
epjp cjtpfis toq;fpAs;Nshk;. nrQ;rpYit> nrk;gpiw rq;fj;Jf;F 35 kpy;ypad; gTz; toq;fg;gl;lJ. gphpj;jhdpahtpd; 13 Kd;dzp epjp cjtp epWtdq;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; NguopTfs; mtrufhy epiyfSf;fhd nraw;FOthy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l 26 tpkhd njhFjp epthuz nghUl;fSf;fhd nrytpdq;fis nrYj;jpNdhk;.1
mtrufhy epiy fhzg;gl;l fhyg; gFjpapy;> bgpl; Vuhs-khd gpur;rpidfis ,dk; fz;lJ. Rkhj;jpuhtpd; Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfis tpNrlkhf ftdj;jpnyLj;jhy; mq;F juTfs; kpfTk; tiuaWj;Jf; fhzg;gl;ld. cs;SH mtrufhy Kfhikj;Jt fl;likg;Gf;fs; kpfTk; gytPdkhf ,Ue;jd. rpy Fwpg;gpl;l Jiwfspy; Kd;dzptfpj;j ntsp epWtdq;fs; gw;wp Fog;g epiy ,Ue;jJ. Iehtpd; mtru tpz;zg;gk; jhkjkhf jahhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJld; Kiwahd fl;likg;ig nfhz;buhjJ Nghd;Wk; njd;gl;lJ. jFjptha;e;j kw;Wk; mDgtkpf;f Mszp gw;whf;Fiwahy;; epWtdq;fs; mtjpAw;wd. bgpl; ,dhy; cjtpaspf;fg;gl;l gz;lh Mr;Nr kw;Wk; nfhOk;gpd; kdpjNea jfty; ikaq;fs; kpftpiuthf cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy.
Nguoptpw;Fg; gpd;duhd 6 khjq; fspy; bgpl; jhd; epjp toq;fpa epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis Mokhf cw;WNehf;FtJld; mtw;wpd; Nghf;ifAk; njhlHr;rpahf mtjhdpj;J tUfpd;wJ. ,e;NjhNdrpah> ,yq;if> ,e;jpah> khiyjPT Nghd;w ehLf-spy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij ghpNrhjpf;Fk; fz;fhzpg;Gg; gzpapd; ,ileLtpy; ehk; jw;NghJ cs;Nshk;. Kiwahd mbg;gil trjpfSlDk;> ePH kw;Wk; Vida Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp trjpAlDk;> tho;itAk; tho;thjhuj;ijAk; vjpHfhy Ngujph;rpapYk;$l jhf;Fg;gpbf;fty;y ,aYikia kPs fl;bnaOg;Gk; kPs; tskhf;fg;gl;l rhjdq;fSlDk;> epue;jukhf kf;fs; FbakHj;jg;gl ,d;Dk; epiwaNt nra;aNtz;b cs;snjd;gij ehk; mwpe;Nj cs;Nshk;.
fw;wiyAk; xUq;fpizg;igAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;aty;y rpwe;j kdpj
Nea epjp toq;F ghq;Fldhd Kd;tUjy; kl;by; jdJ flg;ghLfis bgpl; ed;whf czu;e;Js;sJ. vkJ Rdhkp eltbf;iffis> gue;j tprhykhd kdpjNeag; gjpypWg;G kPs;ghHitf;$lhd fzpg;gPl;il jw;NghJ ehk; nghWg;Ngw;WtUfpNwhk;. mtw;wpd; ngWNgWfs; Vida epjp toq;FdHfSlDk; gfpHe;J nfhs;sg;gl cs;sd. epjp eltbf;iffSf;fhd KfhikahsHfspd; $l;lnkhd;Wk; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
tphpthd tpje;Jiufs; ntsptu yhk;. Mdhy; vdJ Ra ghHitf; Nfhzj;jpypUe;J> gpd;tUtdtw;Wf;fhd Njitfis gw;wp Rdhkp fw;gpj;Js;sJ vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.
Iehtpd; xOq;fikg;gidj;ijAk; ClWj;j xU nghJthd nfhs;tdT> tpdpNahfk; kw;Wk; if-ahsy; Nrit xOq;fikg;G.
Iehtpd; mDgtk;kpf;f kdpj Nea xUq;fpizg;ghsHfs; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd tYT+l;liy nfhz;bUj;jy;.
Ieh kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; NguopTf;fhd gjpypWg;G mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gly;.
Iehtpd; ghupa xUq;fpizg;ig Kd;Ndw;Wk; tz;zk; INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; xU xUq;fikg;G fl;likg;ig cUthf;Fjy;.
,uhZt kw;Wk; rptpy; kdpj Nea gzpahsHfSf;fpilapy; xUq;fpizTf;fhd njspthd topfhl;ly;fs;.
kdpjNea mYtyfHfSf;fhd Kd;Ndw;wfukhd njhopy;rhH gpukhzq;fSk; jifikf; fl;Lkhdq;fSk;.
epjp toq;FdHfSf;fpilapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghJthd eltbf;ifrhH ,yf;Ffs;.
Nltpl; n`huhgpd; bgpl; ,d; Kuz;ghL kw;Wk; kdpjNea mYty;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; eltbf;iffs; mzp ,af;FduhthH. kpd;dQ;ry;:[email protected].,f;fl;Liu> bgpl;bd; my;yJ If;fpa ,uhr;rpa murpd; fUj;Jf;fis gpujpgypf;fhky; jw;Wzptpd; mbg;gilapy; tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ.
1. www.dec.org.uk
If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; rHtNjr mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpizf;fsk;(DFID) Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig kPsha;T nra;fpd;wJ Nltpl; n`hNuhgpd;
FMR Rdhkp1�
gz;lh Mr;Nrf;F epthuzg;
nghUl;fis glfpy;
nfhz;L nry;yy;
UN
ICEF
/Jos
h Es
tey
,lk;ngaHe;Njhupy; mNdfkh NdhH> xd;wpy; khfhzj;ijtpl;L
ntspNawpdH my;yJ nghWg;Ngw;Fk; FLk;gq;fshy; $l;br; nry;yg;gl;ldH. Mdhy; gs;spthapy;fs;> ghlrhiy fs;> tpisahl;L ikjhdq;fs; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;l Kfhk;fSf;Fs; kpfTk; mgha epiyf;F vg;NghJNk ,yFthf cl;gLk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd tpfpjj;jpdH tho;e;jdH. ,tHfsJ jw;fhypf tho;tplk; mopTf;Fl;gl;l fpuhkq;fspd; tpspk;gpNyh my;yJ ,e;NjhNdrpag; gilapdUf;Fk; [P.V.vk;. gpuptpidthjpfSf;Fk; Nghl;bf; fskhf tpsq;fpa Nkl;L epyq;fspNyh mike;jpUe;jJ. rHtNjr r%fk; kpf tpiuthfr; nraw;gl;L> jLf;ff;$ba kuzq;fis jtpHj;j mNjNtis Mr;Nria miltjw;F ngsjPf> jfty;> r%f uPjpahd %d;W gpujhd jilfSk; fhzg;gl;ld. Cldbahfr; nrd;wilaf; $batHfSf;F mtru fhy epthuzj;ij toq;fpf; nfhz;Nl> ,j;jifa jilfis nty;Yjy; vd;gJ nrhy;yNt f];lkhdJ vd;gJ ep&gzkhdJ.
nrd;wiltjw;fhd ngsjPfj; jilfs;
Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj> Vuhskhd cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu ngsjPf uPjpahf nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ gpur;rpidahd tplak; vd;gJ njspthdJ. kpf-Nkhrkhf ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd gz;lh Mr;Nrf;Fk; KNyhNghtpd; njd;gFjpapd; njhlf;fj;Jf;Fkpilapyhd 200 fp.kP fiuNahuj;ijr; nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ Kbahj fhupak;. Rdhkp E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd ghyq;fisAk; Vuhskhd tPjpfisAk; fOtpr; nrd;wpUe;jJ. nkhj;jkhf 26 km f;fhd njhlHGgLj;Jk; nfhs;jFjpwd; Njitg;gl;lJ. Gjpa kz; NkLfshYk;> ngupa flw; fyq;fs; jiuapwq;Ftijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; rpijTfshYk;> fiuNahuk;$l cUkhw;wj;Jf;F cs;shfp ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; Ng-whf> nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ cyq;F thD}Hjpfs; %yKk; rpwpa glFfs; %yKNk rhj;jpakhfpapUe;jJ. cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiur; nrd;wiltij cWjpg;gLj;Jtnjd;gJ> kpfr; rpwe;j fs mDgtq;fisAila epfo;r;rpj; jpl;l gzpahsHfshy; toq;fg;gl;l nryT kpf;f tpdpNahfk;-Nritfs; xOq;fikg;G cjtpAld; njhlHGgl;L ,Ue;jJ.
Mr;Nrapy; Rdhkp gjpypWg;ghdJ> vjpHghu;j;jpuhj msTf;F I.eh. epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; ,uhZtj;jpdupilNa fUj;Jj; njhlHghlYf;F top rikj;jJ. cyq;F thD}Hjpfs;> jw;fhypf ,wq;F Jiwfs;> JiwKfg; gad;ghL> jiuapwq;Fk; tpNrl flw;
fyq;fs; Nghd;w ,uhZt cjtpfs; kpfg;ngWkjpkpf;fjhf ,Ue;Js;sd. MapDk; ,e;j cjtpfs;> ,uhZtk;> kdpjNea gzpr; r%fk; Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fkpilapyhd Kd;Ndw;wk; nfhz;l xUq;fpizTf;$lhf Ms mfykhf;fg;gl;bUf;ff; $Lk;. mt;thNw 15 ehLfisr; NrHe;j gy;NtW ,uhZt mzpfs; ,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtk; Mfpadtw;wpd; xUq;fpizTf;$lhfTk; ,ijr; nra;jpUf;f KbAk;. Rdhkp jhf;fpa ehLfs; midj;Jf;Fkhd ,uhZt cjtpfis xUq;fpizg;gjw;nfd jha;yhe;jpy; xU xd;wpize;j gpuhe;jpa gzpg;gil cUthf;fg;gl;lNghjpYk;> cs;SH xd;wpize;j ,uhZt gzpg;gilahNyh my;yJ ,uhZt rptpy; njhlHG mzpapd; Kd; $l;ba epWTjypdhNyh ,t; xz;wpize;j gpuhe;jpa gzpg;gil NkYkjpfkhf Mjutspf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.
midj;J ,uhZt cgfuzq;fisAk; nghUl;fisAk; xUq;fpizj;j ,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtj;Jf;Fk;> jfty; gfpHjy; kw;Wk; tiughf;f mDru-idapd; kl;by; nraw;gl;l rHtNjr gzpr; r%fj;Jf;Fkpilapy;> mjpfupj;j njhlHgpaf;fj;Jf;fhd re;jHg;gq;$l ,Ue;jJ. Kjy; xUrpy thuq;fspy; kpfg; gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fSf;F jdpg;gl;l ed;nfhilg; nghUl;fis tpkhdk; %yk; Vw;wp ,wf;f ,uhZt cgfuzq;fs; kpfg;ngUkstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,J hP.vd;.I.My; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;lNghjpYk;> kdpj Nea gzpj;Jiw xUq;fpizg;Gf; FOf;fshy; nra;ag;gl;l je;jpNuhghaj; jfty;fs; kw;Wk; jpl;lkply; vd;gdtw;Wf;Fk;> cldb gjpYWg;Gf;Fkpilapy; njspthd njhlh;G ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jJ.
,itjtpu> thd;tsp tpdpNahfk;-Nrit-fs; xOq;fikg;Gf;fhd khw;W top fpilf;ff; $bajhfTk;> ,ytrkhd-jhfTk; ,Ue;jjdhy; NtW khh;f;fq;fs; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gltpy;iy. rhjhuz rpwpa cs;@h; glFfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa xU Kiwia cUthf;Fjy; vd;gJ> Rdhkpahy; mopf;fg;gl;l xU gpuj;jpNaf FOtpduhd cs;Sh; kPdth;fspd; [PtNdhghaj;Jf;F ngUkstpy; gq;fspj;jpUf;Fk;. fiuNahuq;fSf;F Ml;fisAk; nghUl;fisAk; Vw;wp ,wf;Fk; cs;Sh; glFr;Nrit> Rdhkpf;F Kd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;Jk;$l> rh;tNjr ,uhZtj;jpd; gpurd;dk; tpyf;fpf;nfhs;sg;gl;L rh;tNjr r%fk; Vida Nghf;Ftuj;J khw;W cghaq;fis fz;L gpbj;Jj; nfhs;Sk; tiu> ,g;Nghf;Ftuj;J cghak; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. cs;Sh; Nghf;Ftuj;J cghaj;ij kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gjy;> cs;Sh; nghUshjhuj;Jf;Fk; ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiyapYs;s
kf;fspd; [PtNdhghaj;Jf;Fk; gq;fspj;jpUe;jpUf;Fk;. mj;Jld; ghjpg;Gw;w r%q;fSf;F kpfj; Njitg;gl;l Nghf;Ftuj;ij toq;fp> cs;Sh; Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwia Nkk;gLj;jpapUf;Fk;. Aj;jg; gpuNjrq;fspy; kdpjNear; nraw;ghLfisf; nfhz;baf;f> ,uhZt flw; fyd;fisAk; tpkhdq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ vg;NghJk; xU ,Wjp toptifahf khj;jpuNk ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
cyq;F thD}h;jpfspd; gad;ghl;bD}lhff;$l cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhiur; nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ cWjpg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. Aj;j #dpag; gpuNjrk; vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Fwpg;gpl;l gpuNjrq;fSf;F khj;jpuk; cyq;F thD}h;jpfs; tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. ,g; gpuNjrq;fs; ghJfhg;gw;wit vdf; fzpf;fg;gl;l Nkl;L epyq;fSf;F gpd;thq;fpr; nrd;w cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd; gad;ghl;Lf;F tpyf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. NkYk; ghJfhg;G fl;Lg;ghLfspd; epkpj;jk; Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;Jf;F Nkyjpf khf cyq;F thD}Hjpfs; epWj;jp itf;fg;gl mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy; nghUl;fspd; rkkhd gfph;it cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; gpur;rpidf;Fhpajhf ,Ue;jJ. mNdfkhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtj;jpdNu> cyq;F thD}h;jpfspy; ,Ue;J nghUl;fis ,wf;fTk; epthuzg; nghUl;fis gfph;e;jspf;fTk; nghWg;G tha;e;jth;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. nghUj;jkhd gfph;e;jspf;Fk; Kiw ,d;ikahy;> ,wq;F jsj;jpypUe;J xU rpy E}W kPw;wh;fSf;fg;ghy; kPs;FbNawpapUe;j cs;sf ,lk; ngah;e;Njhh;fs; jkf;Fhpa ePjpahd gq;if ngWkhg;NghypUf;ftpy;iy. ghJfhg;Gf; fl;Lg;ghL vd;gJ xU rpy tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;l ,lq;fisj; jtph;e;j Vida Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; xU ,uT jd;Dk; jq;Ftjw;F [.eh. gzpahsh;fs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gijNa fhl;LfpwJ. ,t;thwhfNt kdpjNeag; gjpypWg;Gf;fis fz;fhzpf;Fk; mth;fsJ nfhs;jFjpwd; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Nkw;Ff; fiu mopTk; fpilf;ff;$bajhapUe;j ,uhZt Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpAk;> ahUk; nrd;wilaf;$ba Fwpg;ghf tlfpof;Ff; fiuapy; ,Ue;j ,lk;ngah;e;Njhupd; FOf;fspd;ghy; ,Ue;J ftdj;ij> NtWgf;fk; jpir jpUg;gptpl;ld. ,jdhy;> rkkw;w tp-fpjhrhu mbg;gilapy; ngUksT NeuKk; tsq;fSk; vz;zpf;ifapy; rpwpjhf ,Ue;j Nkw;F fiuNahu
,lk;ngah;e;Njhiu nrd;wile;jd.
nrd;wiltjw;F Kl;Lf;fl;il ahapUe;j jfty; jilfs;
Mr;Nrapy; mNdf cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh; vq;Fs;sdh;> vd;d vz;zpf;ifapy; cs;sdu; vd rhjhuzkhf fz;L gpbj;jy; fbdkhapUe;jJ. Kfhk;fs; kpA+yNgh> gz;lh Mr;Nr efuq;fspd; FWf;Nf J}tg;gl;lJ Nghd;W fhzg;gl;lJld; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd fpNyhkPw;wh; flw; fiuNahunkq;fpYk; ,q;Fkq;Fkhff;
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu miljy; FNshbah `l;];Ngj;
Rdhkpahy;> Mr;Nr khfhzj;jpy; kf;fs; njhifapy; 12% Mr;NrapdH mjhtJ miu kpy;ypad; kf;fs; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;NjhuhfpdH. kdpj Nea nraw;ghl;lhsHfSf;F> ,tHfis nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ ghupa rthyhf ,Ue;jJ. vjpHfhyj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba mtrufhy epiyikfspy; cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu nrd;wilAk; topfis Kd;Ndw;w> gy Kf;fpa ghlq;fis ,jpypUe;J ehk; fw;f KbAk;.
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah 19
UN
ICEF
/Jos
h Es
tey
fhLfspYk; fhzg;gl;ld. nkhj;jj;jpy; jw;fhypfkhf mikf;fg;gl;l FbapUg;Gf;fspYk; Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j rd r%ff; fl;llq;fspYk; xU rpy FLk;gq;fspy; njhlq;fp gyE}W FLk;gq;fs; vd;w mbg;gilapy; 500 f;F
kjpfkhd Kfhk;fs; ,Ue;jd.
Muk;g fhyg;gFjpapy; xU rpwpa gue;j tprhykhd kdpj Neaj; Njitf; fzpg;gPLjhDk; nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. ,lmikT> vz;zpf;if> nghJthd #o;epiy> Vida mbg;gilj; Jiwrhh; jfty;fs; cs;slq;fyhf xU rhjhuz mbg;gilj; jfty; gbtk; xd;W> mKyhf;fy; gq;Fjhu epWtdq;fs; ntspapy; nry;Yk;NghJ Nrh;j;njLf;Fk; tz;zk; Maj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;L xU Muk;g Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ke;jkhd juTr; Nrfhpg;G gy Mgj;Jf;fis nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,j;juT Nrfhpg;gpDhlhf> cz;ik epiy gw;wpa xl;L nkhj;j glj;ij> 3k; my;yJ 4k; Kd;Dhpikf;Fhpanjd epidf;Fk; gq;Fjhu epWtdq;fs; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. mNjNtis> ,th;fsJ cs;sPl;bNyNa juT Nrfhpg;G jq;fp ,Ue;jJ. nrd;wilaf;$ba ,lq;fspy; kpfj; jukhd juTfs; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jd. MapDk; ngUk; gz;lh Mr;Nrf;F ntspapy; Ntnwq;fhfpYk;
fpilf;ff; $bajhapUf;ftpy;iy.
Nkw;Ff; fiuNahur; #o;epiy gw;wpa jfty;fisr; Nrfhpf;fr; nra;ag;gl;l nghpa mstpyhd fzpg;gPL cs;slq;fyhf> gy Ji-wrhh; fzpg;gPLfs;> A+.v];.v];. ypq;fd; vDk; mnkhpf;f flw;gilf; fg;gypy; ,Ue;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. MapDk; gy;Jiw fzpg;gPLfshf mit ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jd. NkYk;> murpay; hPjpapy; czh;jF epiynfhz;ljhd Nkw;Ff; fiu gw;wpa jfty;fs; kl;by; xu; czh;jF epiy$lf; fhzg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld;> ,uhZtj;jhy; toq;fg;gl;l cyq;F thD}h;jpg; gzpapD}lhf> ngUkstpy; nrd;wila Kbahj Nkw;Ff; fi-ukPJ epthuzg; nghUl;fis Nghl;l tz;zk;> mjpy; <Lgl;l Vuhskhd kdpj Neag; gzpr; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;> Nrfhpf;Fk; jfty;fisg; ngWtJ gw;wpAk; czh;jF epiy gykhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
jfty;fs; mjpfk; ,y;yhjpUg;gJ gpur;ridahapUf;ftpy;iy Mdhy;> khfhzk; KOtijAk; cs;thq;fpa kdpjNeag; gzprhu; R+o;epiy gw;wpa gy;Jiwj; jfty;fspd; jpul;Nl ,y;yhjJNghd;wpUe;jJ. Vuhskhd gy;tifg;gl;l jfty;fspd; fzpg;gPL rpW rpW Jspahf XrPvr;V apd; kdpjNea jfty; ikaj;Jf;F frpe;jJ. ,e;jj; jfty;fis gad;gLj;jf;$ba tbtj;jpy; ,k;ikak; jd;dhy; ,ad;wstpw;F jpul;b ntspapl Kad;wJ. ,Ue;Jk;>1 Ibgpapdupd; ,lq;fs;> mtu;fsJ epiyik> Njitfs; Nghd;wd gw;wpa xU KOg;glj;ij epWtdq;fs; ngwj; njhlq;fpd vd;w epiy> mopT epfo;e;J gy thuq;fs; tiuf;Fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy;. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; KOikahd jfty;fs; ,y;yhj epiyapYk;$l rpd;dk;ik nfhyuh Nghd;w mtruf-hy capu;nfhy;ypfspd; jtpu;f;ff;$ba kuzj;ij jLf;fTk; cldbah-fg; gjpypWf;fTk; Aepnrg; kw;Wk; Vida epWtdq;fs; vitnay;yhk; fpilf;FNkh mtw;iwnay;yhk; gad;gLj;j Kide;jd.
nrd;wila Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf
cs;s r%fj; jilfs;
mNdf cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;> Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; FLk;gq;fsplj;jpy; Gfyplk; ngWtjhYk; mth;fsJ
Gyg;glhj;jd;ikahYk; mth;fisr; nrd;wiljy; xU rthyhf cs;sJ. ,e;jifa FOtp dh; Neub mtru fhy epiy cjtp apd; ngUk; Njitg;ghLfisf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJk;$l> mth;fSf;F> mth;fsJ gps;isfs; ghlrhiyf;F kPz;Lk; nry;tJ> csr;r%f MjuT> gphpe;JNghd gps;isfs; cwtpdh;fis fz;Lgpbj;J ,izAk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; Nghd;wdtw;Wf;F MjuT Njit ahf cs;sJ. mj;Jld; cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;> jw;NghJ nghWg;Ngw;w FLk;gq;fSf;F Nkyjpf RikahfTk;
khwpAs;sdh;.
,k; kf;fis rh;tNjr r%fk; miltjpy; gy Kd;Ndw;wq;fisf; fz;Ls;sNghjpYk;> ,e;NjhNdrpa muR> cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhiu Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;s FLk;gq;fSf;F gz cjtp mspg;gjpD}lhf xU jPHit toq;fp Kd;dzpg; ghj;jpuj;ij vLj;Js;sJ. gz cjtpf;F> xt;nthU cs;sf ,lk; ngah;e;NjhUk; cs;Sh; kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fr; rhtb apy; gjpAk; Njit cs;sJld;> gz cjtpahdJ xt;nthU egUf;Fk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;ls;sJ. ,e; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; xt;nthU ,lk;ngah;e;NjhiuAk; gjpAk;gb nra;Js;sJld; Vida epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisg; ngwTk; ,yFgLj;jp cs;sJ. ,J gpur;ridapd; msTf;Nfw;g jfty;fisg; ngwr; rhj;jpag;gl itj;Js;sJld; Mapuf;fzf;fhd jdp egh;fspdJk; FLk;gq;fspdJk; gpur;ridfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; r%f MjuitAk; Cf;fg;gLj;jp cs;sJ. ,Wjpahf> ,e; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; Neub cjtpf;fhd gpuNahrdkhd fl;likg;G> cs;Sh; nghUshjhuj;Jf;F [Pthjhukhd gzj;ij cl;nrYj;Jjy;
Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; je;Js;sJ.
A+dpnrg;ig nghWj;jkl;by;> iftplg;gl;l mdhijahf;fg;gl;l rpWth;fisr; nrd;wiltNj gpujhd gpur;rpidahFk;. Mr;Nrapy; A+dpnrg; ,d; ghhpa gzp fspy; xd;W> iftplg;gl;l mdh ijr; rpWth;fisg; gjptJlDk; mth;fsJ FLk;gq;fisj; Njbf; fz;Lgpbg;gJlDk;> rhj;jpag;gl;lhy; mth;fis cwtpdh;fSld; kPsr; Nrh;g;gJlDk; njhlh;Ggl;lJ. Vuhskhd mdhijr; rpWth;fs; jj;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjdhy;> nrd;wiltjw;F/fz;Lgpbg;gjw;F
f];lkhd FOthf ,J jpfo;fpwJ. Vida mtrufhy epiyfSf;F NtWgl;ltifapy; mdhijr; rpWth;fs; mq;F njd;gLtjpy;iy. Vida ,lq;fisNah my;yJ gpuNjrq;fisNah Nghyy;yhJ Rdhkp apy; Vuhskhd rpWth;fs; ,we;jjdhy; gps;isfis ,oe;j FLk;gq;fs; vQ;rpAs;s Vida rf gps;isfis jk;Kilath;fshf;fpf; nfhs;sj; Jbaha; Jbf;fpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; cwtpdh;fs;> mdhijahf;fg;gl;l cwTr; rpwhh;fis ,dk; fhl;lg; gag;gLfpd;wdh;. mt;thW nra;Ak; gl;rj;jpy; mr;rpWth;fs; vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;L tpLthh;fs; vd;W gag;gLfpd;wdh;. rpf;fy; tha;e;j MjuTf; fl;likg;ghf A+dpnrg; jj;njLg;gij Mjutspf;Fk; mNjNtis iftplg;gl;l vy;yhr; rpWth;fSk; gjpag;gLjy; vd;gJ kpf mtrpakhdJ vd;gijAk; typAWj;JfpwJ. mt;thW nra;Ak;NghJ cwtpdh;fSld; kPs ,izjy;> jk;ik jj;njLj;Js;s FLk;gq;fspd; nghU shjhur; Rikfis Fiwf;fty;y epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis miljy; Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fkhd re;jh;g;gq;fis mjpfhpg;gjw;F mg;gjpT nra;jy; mtrpakhf ,Uf;Fk;.
cs;Sh; epWtdq;fSld; tiyg;gpd;dy; fl;likg;ig epW Ttjd; Clhf A+dpnrg; ghpe;Jiu thjpliy Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJld; cs;Sh; r%fq;fSld; ,izTj; njhlh;igAk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ. r%fj;ijr; nrd;wilAk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fshd rpWth; - rpNdf ,lq;fs; mikj;jy;> gjpT epiyaq;fs; mikj;jy; Mfpatw;Wf;F cs;Sh; epWtdq;fSf;F A+dpnrg; cjtpAs;sJ. cs;Sh; epWtdq;fs;> r%fq;fshy; ek;gg;gLtJld; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sTk; gLfpd;wd. cs;Sh; mDgtj;ijAk; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; r%ff; fl;likg;Gf;fs; nrd;wiltijAk; xd;wpizg;gjw;F mtu;fs; jahuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. MapDk;> ,e;j ntw;wpapd; Ngwhf Kfhk;fSf;Fs; caph;g;Gld; cs;s fl;likg;Gf;fis Neubahf ,dq;fz;L mtw;Wld; Ntiy nra;tjd; ClhfTk;> cs;Sh; gs;sp thry;fs; cs;slq;fyhf rka tiyg; gpd;dy;fSldhd gq;Fjhuh; ghzp iaf; fl;b vOg;GtjDhlhfTk;> Muk;g fhyj;jpy; Vuhskhd rpWth;fis nrd;wilaf;$ba rhj;jpag;ghLfs;
mjpfkhapUe;jpUf;Fk;.
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu miljy; FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah20
kUj;Jt
rpfpr;irf;fhf
gz;Nl
Mr;Nrf;F
fhag;gl;l
ngz; xUtu;
vLj;Jr;
nry;yg;gly;
UN
ICEF
/HQ
0�01
�3/J
im H
olm
es
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu miljy;
fw;w ghlq;fs;
vjph;fhyj;jpy; epfoj;jf;f mtru fhy epiyfspy; nrd;wilaj; jilahapUg;gitfis nty;Yk; top-Kiwfs; Mr;Nr mDgtk; jUfpwJ.1. tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f gjpYWg;Gf;F>
,uhZtg; nghUl;fspd; gad;ghL mtrpakhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mNj Ntis> cs;Sh; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwfis gyg;gLj;jTk;> gad;gLj;jTk; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ghJfhg;Gf; nfLgpbfisf; fle;J [PtNdhghaq;fisf; fl;b vOg;g cs;Sh; mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Nritfs; tpdpNahf xOq;fikg;ig ,J Nkk;gLj;Jk;.
2. vq;nfy;yhk; rhj;jpaNkh> mq;nfy;yhk; Vw;fdNt cs;s r%f fl;Lkhdq;fisNah my;yJ nrQ;rpYit/ nrk;gpiw rq;fj;ij gad;gLj;jp vt;tsTf;F tpiuthf cs;Sh; gfph;e;jspg;G Kiwia cUthf;f KbANkh mt;tsT tpiuthfr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. NtW jpirjpUg;gq;fSf;fhd tha;g;Gf;fisf; Fiwf;Fk; mNj Ntis> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l kdpj Neaf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;fikthf epthuzg; nghUl;fspd; ePjpahd gfph;Tk; tpdpNahfKk; ,lk; ngW-tij cWjp nra;aTk; cjTk;.
3. cgha hPjpahd jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; kdpj Neaj; Njit apd; kl;bYk; vy;yh cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;NjhUf;Fk; rk fzpg;Gk; rk cjtpAk; nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. rpije;j cs;sff; fl;Lkhdq;fis kPsf;fl;Ljypy; ,aw;if tpirfSf;F Fiw thd mgha epiyiaf; fhl;Lk; gpuNjrq;fspy; mtrpakhd fl;likg;ig epWTjw;F Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
jfty; jilfspd; kl;by; ngw;w mDgtq;fs;$l Vuhskhd ghlq;fis
Kd; itf;fpd;wd xU mtrufhy epiyik
apy;> Mr;rhpag;glitf;Fk;
vz;zpf;ifahd rh;tNjr epWtdq;fSld; (A+dpnrg; 400 gq;fhsp epWtdq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ) I.ehtpd; kdpjNea jfty; epiyakhdJ> jfty;fspd; jpul;L> gFg;gha;T> gug;Gjy; Nghd;wdtw;wpy; Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. mtrufhy epiyapy;> Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; tpilaq;fspy; Kjyhtjhf vr;.I.rP.apd; cUthf;fk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
xU rpy rpf;fy; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> Jiwrhh; nrayzpf; FOf;fSldhd jfty; gfph;T nghJthf rpwg;ghf ,Ue;jJ.
X.rP.vr;.V.My; toq;fg;gl;l G+Nfhs epiynaLj;jy; Kiw ifNaL> tiughf;fk; nra;a ,d;wpikahjnjd;gJld; Gyg;glh njhiy J}uj;jpYs;s cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhiu nrd;wilag; gpd;dh; cjtTk; $baJ. ,dp tUk; mtru fhyr; #o;epiyfspy;> mf; ifE}y; fpilf;ff;$bathW ,Uj;jiy X.rP.vr;.V. cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Mr;Nrf;Fs; Ftpf;fg;gl;l Vuhskhd jd;dhh;tj; njhz;lh;fs;> jfty; jpul;lypy; Kf;fpakhd fz;fisAk; fhJfisAk; nfhLj;jdh;. ,j;jifa Fiwthd ghuk;ghpa jfty; Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gLtJld; ,ad;wsT Mjutspf;fg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;.
fzpg;gPl;by; Fwpj;j xU mk;rj;Jf;nfd khj;jpuk; cUthf;fg;gl;l mZFKiwfs; jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rhj;jpag;gLk; ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; jpul;ba gy; epWtd> gy;Jiw kdpj Neaf; fzpg;gPLfs; Kd;Dhpikg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gjpypWg;Gf;F mbg;gilia toq;Fk; tz;zk; mit Kjy; Xh; rpy ehl;fspNyNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;Gf;F ,uhZtg; nghUl;fs;> cgfuzq;fs; if-apy; gad;ghl;Lf;F ,Uf;Fk;NghNj> fzpg;gPl;L Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf ,uhZt tsq;fis gad;gLj;Jtij ,aYkhf;Fk; tz;zKk;> ngW
kjpahd ,uhZt jfty;fis kdpj Near; #o;epiyapy; gad;gLj;jf;$bajhapUf;fpwJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jTk;> rptpy; ,uhZt xUq;fpizg;G ikak; Kjy; Xh; rpy ehl;fSf;Fs; mikf;fg;gLtij
cWjpnra;jy; ,d;wpaikahjJ.
rpyNtis Kf;fpakhf> Mr;Nrapy; gjpypWg;ghdJ jw;NghjpUg;gij khw;wPL nra;aty;yJ xd;WNk ,y;iy vd;gij njspthf;fpaJ. gpd;jq;fpa J}u ,lq;fspy; fs mYtyfq;fs; mikg;gjdhYk; mDgtk; kpf;f fsg;gzpahsh;fisg; gzpf;fkh;j;JtjdhYk; gjpypWg;gpd; juj;jpy; vz;zpylq;fh tpj;jpahrj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhiu nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ> kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fj;Jf;F> Neuj;Jf;Ffe;j jukhd kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;ig> cWjp nra;a vLf;Fk; jdJ Kaw;rpfspd; kl;by;> xU ghhpa rthyhfj; njd;glyhk;. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> cs;sf ,lk; ngah;e;NjhUld; njhlh;Ggl;l mtru fhy epiyikg; gjpypWg;G vDk; Jiw> epGzj;Jtk; kpf;fjhf khwpAs;sJ. vkJ mDgtj; njhFg;G tsHfpwJ. ,t; mDgtq;fisr; Nrh;j;njLg;gjd; %yKk; fw;w ghlq;fis cs;thq;Ftjd; %yKk; vjph;fhyj;jpy; vsj;jf;f gpur;ridfSf;fhd vkJ gjpypWg;ig
ehk; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.
fpnsbah `l;];ngj; (mfjpfs; fw;if epiyag; gl;ljhhpAk; kUj;JtUk;) A+dpnrg; ,d; mtrufhy eltbf;iffSf;fhd gjpypWg;Gg;gzpapd; ,izg;ghsh; Mthh;. Nguoptpd; gpd; Kjy; %d;W khjq;fSf;fhd jdJ epWtdj;jpd; Mr;Nr cg mYtyfj;jpd; nghWg;ghsuhf nray;gl;lhh;. kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected],f;fl;Liu mtuJ jw;Wzptpy; tiuag;gl;Ls;sJld; A+dpnrg; ,d; fUj;Jf;fis gpujpgypf;ftpy;iy.
1. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah 21
gz;lh
Mr;Nrapy;
cs;sf
,lk;ngau;e;Njhu;
Kfhkpy; Adpnrg;
MjuT rpWtH
epiyak;
UN
ICEF
/HQ
0�01
�3/J
im H
olm
es
UN
ICEF
/HQ
0�03
20/J
osh
Este
y
NgudHj;jj;Jf;F Kd;dH> jdp ehL Nfl;L Nghuhba Rje;jpu
Mr;Nr mikg;G ([P V vk;) f;F vjpuhd ,e;NjNdhrpa ,uhZtj;jpd;; fyf vjph;g;G ,uhZt eltbf;if fhuzkhf mNef Mr;NrapdH kpff; f\;lkhd #o;epiyapy; tho;e;J te;jdH. murpd; mfjpfs; kPs; Fbaku;j;jy; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jhy;> R%f epiyf;F jpUk;Gtjw;Fk; Ngz;jF epiy nfhz;l [Pthjhuq;fis fl;bnaOg;Gk; re;jHg;gj;Jf;Fkhd ek;gpf;if jfHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Rd-hkpahy; ,lk; ngaHe;jtHfshy; Nfhug;gl;lJNghd;w GdHtho;T kw;Wk; epue;ju tPLfspd; fl;Lkhdj;jpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jtijf;fhl;bYk; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu mtrufhy Kfhk;fspy; ,Ue;J jw;fhypf nfhl;by;fSf;F efHj;Jk; NkypUe;J fPo;Nehf;fpa epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lkhfNt ,J cs;sJ.
rHtNjr epakq;fis cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; fl;lg;gl;lJ Nghd;W Njhd;Wk;> kpd;rhuk; ePHtpepNahfj;ijf; nfhz;l 30 kPw;wH ePskhd kuj;jhyhd tPLfs; xt;nthd;Wk;; 10 kPw;wH nfhz;l xU lrpd; FLk;g miwfisAk;> xU rika yiwia NkyjpfkhfTk;> ,uz;L FopayiwfisAk; xd;W$b gbf;f top-gl xU kz;lgj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 140>000 cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu mtrufhy Kfhk;fspy; ,Ue;J ,lkhw;wTk; xt;nthU ,lk; ngaHe;NjhUf;Fk; 90>000 &gpah (9 nlhyH) khj nfhilahf toq;fTk; muR jpl;lkpLfpwJ. gil tPLfspy; kf;fs; trpg;gnjd;gJ ciog;Gf;F xU toptifAkpd;wp Kw;WKOjhf murpy; jq;fp ,Ug;gJ Nghd;Ws;sJ. mj;Jld; Ntiyf;F czT vd;w jpl;lj;jpy; gq;nfLg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaj;ij jtpu Ntnwe;j NtiyAk; mw;w XU epiyA khFk;.
Rakhf thliff;Nfh my;yJ kPsf;fl;lNth Njitahd tsq;fis Fiwthf nfhz;Ls;stHfs; vd;gjhy; mNef ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH Ntwpl FbakHj;jiy Vw;Wf; nfhs;s fl;lhag; gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdH. Ntwpl FbakHj;jy; jpl;lj;Jf;F rHtNjr kdpj Nea epWtdq;fs; cjtp toq;Fkhg;Nghy; cs;sjhNyNa ,tHfSf;F cjtp mspf;fg;glhj epiy epyTfpwJ. ,e;NjhNdrpa muR> I.eh. kw;Wk; gy mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; ,j;jifa; Ntwpl FbakHj;jYf;fhd tpiu fzpg;gPl;by; ,ize;Js;sd. ,aw;if mdHj;j mfjpfs; epthuzj;Jf;fhd murpd; Njrpa xUq;fpizg;G epW tdKk; kdpj Nea mYty;fs; xUq;fpizg;Gf;fhd I.eh. tpd; mY-tyfKk; ,ize;J ,jid Ntw;wpl FbakHj;jy; ika ,izg;G gphpit xUq;fpizj;Js;sJ.1
Nk 2003 ,y; Mr;Nrapy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,uhZtr; rl;lj;ijj; njhlHe;J> fpuhkj;jtHfspd; fl;lha Ntw;wpl FbakHj;jy; kw;Wk; 1980 ,y; ,lk; ngw;w ,ilj; jq;fy; ,lk;ngaHT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; Nghd;wdtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; mNj tpjkhd gy jd;ikfis Mr;Nr Ntwpl FbakHj;jy; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd tpkHrfH fs; thjpLfpd;wdH. kdpj cupikfs; Nthr; mikg;ghdJ> elkhLtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; mbf;fb fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; ,lq;fspYk;> Nkhrkhd kdpj cupik kPwy;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Kfhk;fSf;fUfpYk; Aj;jj;jhy; ,lk;ngaHe;Js;s Mr;NraHfis mku;j;Jjy; gw;wpa ,e;NjNdrpa ,uhZtj;jpd; tuyhw;wpd; kPJ ftd <Hg;ig nra;Js;sdH.2 ,uhZt mDkjpf;Fg; gpd;dNu tPl;Lf;fhd ,lq;fs; njupT nra;ag;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gij r%f ey mikr;rH Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;shH. ,g;gil tPLfSf;F cs;Sk; GwKk; elkhLtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; vt;tsT J}uk; toq;fg;gLk; vd;gJ njupatpy;iy. mtHfs; ghJfhg;G fk;gpr; RUs;fshy; #og;gltpy;iy vd;whYk;> tpLjiyg; NghuhspfSldhd ([P V. vk;) njhlHG-fis jLf;f ,uhZt ghJfhg;G nfLgp bfs; ,Uf;fj;jhd; nra;Ak;.
giltPl;L my;yJ nfhl;lif thrpfSf;F epr;rakpy;yhvjpHfhyk;
,uz;L tUlj;Jf;F Nkyhd fhyj;Jf;F kf;fis nfhl;by;fSf;Fs; tho tw;GWj;JtJld; cs uPjpapthd ghjpg;Gf;fis fzpg;gpl vt;tpj cupa Kaw;rpfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. ngupa ikjhdq;fspy; xd;whf tho;jy; vd;gJ Mr;Nrapd; toik ahd xU tplaky;y. kf;fNsh rpW rpW FOf;fshf xd;wpize;J jkJ r%fj;jpd; ikaj;jpYs;s rpW gs;spthapy;fisr; Rw;wpNa thotpUk;Gfpd;wdH. fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; ,g;gs;sp thapy;fs;> njhOtjw;Fk; ez;gHfSld; $bf; FyhTtjw;Fk; cupa ,lkhfTk; jpfo;e;J r%f> r%f mq;fj;Jt czHit toq;Fk; gpujhd cUthf;F jskhf jpfo;fpd;wd. Mr;Nrapy; Vuhskhd fpuhkg;Gwq;fs; jkJ fpuhkg; ngaHf-spy; kpA+dh]; vd;w Kd;dpizg;ig> cjhuzkhf - kpa+dh]; n[apk;> kpa+dh]; &fh> kpa+dh]; gpshq; - vd rpW gs;spthapy;fspd; ngaH-fis jhq;fp mg; gs;spthry;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. xU Fwpg;gpl;l gs;spthapypd; - kpa+dh]; – mq;fj;JtkhdJ xUtH xUtH kPjhd mf;fiw> ntspgaKWj;jy;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;G Nghd;w tplaq;fspd; nghWg;gpid cWjp nra;fpwJ. fpuhk Mr;NrapdUf;F Kd;gpd;
mwpKfkpy;yhjtHfSld; nfhl;by;fspy; $btho;tJ xU ngupa rthyhf cs;sJ. nfhl;by;fspy;; me;juq;fk; NgZtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis nfhLg;gjpy;iy vd;gjhy; kd mOj;jj;jpy; tha;j;jHf;fk; mjpfupj;jy; ghypay; Jd;GWj;jypd; mghak; Nghd;w tpisTfisj; juyhk;.
Rdhkpapy; capHgpioj;NjhH> jkJ fpuhkq;fistpl;L njhiy tpy; Ntwplj;jpy; Fbaku;j;jg;gly;; vd;gJ jkJ epyj;ij ,og;gjw;;F toptFf;fyhk; vd ftiyg;gLfpd;wdH. mNefH rl;l uPjpahd Mtzq;fis ,oe;Js;sJld; mNef re;jHg;gq;fspy; Rdhkpahy; ,tHfsJ vy;iy milahsq;fSk; fOtp vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;Ls;sd. jhk; mbf;fb jkJ epyq;fSf;F nrd;Wtutpy;iy vd;why; md;dpaHfs; jkJ epyq;fspy; FbNawptpLtH vdTk; fpuhkj;jtH mQ;Rfpd;wdH.
,e;NjNdrpahtpy; Coy; kpf Mo khfNt cs;gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. czT Vida nghUs; cjtpfs; toq;fntd nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;FWjpfs; ePz;l fhyj;jpy; kjpf;fg;glhky; Ngha;tpLk; vd cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH gag;gLfpd;wdH. thf;fspf;fg;gl;l khjj;njhifahd 150>000 &g;ahit ngWtjw;F gjpyhf mjw;F rkkhd nghUl;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdu; vd gy mwpf;iffs; cs;sd. nfhl;lif mikf;Fk; xg;ge;jf;fhuHfs; gfpuq;f Nfs;tpg;gj;jpuk; Nfhuy; Kiwapd; %yk; njupT nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gJld; rpyH fl;lg;glhj nfhl;by;fSf;Fk; FWf;F topfspy; epjp ngw;Ws;sdH vd mwpf;iffs; cs;sd. gy fl;bKbf;fg;gl;l nfhl;liffs; Mff; Fiwe;j ];gpaH ngWkhdq;fSf;F mikthf ,y;yhjJld; jpl;lkpl;lijf; fhl;bYk; rpwpajhf fl;b Kbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd ‘Coy; mw;w Mr;Nrf;fhd rkhjhdk;’ vDk; CoYf;F vjpuhd mur rhHgw;w epWtdk; xd;W vjpHg;ig ntspf;fhl;b cs;sJ.
Rdhkpahy; capHjg;gpNahH vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf gypf;flhf;fs; vd;w kl;by; cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;j r%fq;fs;> njhlw;rpahf cjtpia vjpHghHf;f jiyg;gl;lhy; r%f kPl;rpg;gbKiwahd nfhl;liff;Fs; ,Ue;J Ntwpl FbakH-it Nkw;nfhs;tnjd;gij jhkjkhf;Fk;. NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd; Mr;Nria kPs mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; NeubahfTk; RWRWg;GlDk; njhlHGgl;L ,aq;f tpUk;Gk; Vuhskhd Mr;Nrapdupd; mgpyhirfSf;F ,J Kuzhf ,Ug;gJ XH Jujp];lNk. ,lk;ngaHTf;fhd rHtNjr epWtdk; ([.X.vk;) a+v];va;l; cld; ,ize;J> epthuzk; kw;Wk; kPs; fl;Lkhdg; gbKiwapd; kl;bYs;s csg;ghq;Ffis fzpg;gpl xU gpujhd mstPl;L fzpg;gPl;by; gzpahw;wpAs;sJ.3 Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w midtuJ Kd;DupikAk; tPL jpUk;Gjy;> njhopy; Jiwia Muk;gpj;jy;> jkJ r%fq;;fis kPsf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;gdthFk; vd;gJ mtHfsJ gpujhd fz;L gpbg;ghf cs;sJ. epy nrhj;J rhHe;j rr;ruTfSf;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;gw;wp njsp-thd tpopg;GzHit ntspg;gLj;Jifapy;> jkJ nrhe;j epyq;fSk; tPLfSk; jkf;Fupanjd;W rl;l uPjpahf
cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH Mr;Nr ,y; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; Klf;fk; Y}f;kd; V[;
Rdhkpapd; gpd;tpistpd; epkpj;jk; rHtNjr r%fj;Jf;F
Mr;Nr jpwe;Jtplg;gl;lJ Mr;NraHfSf;F ek;gpf;ifapd;
xspf;fPw;iwf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; GdHtho;T
kPs;fl;Lkhdj; jpl;lq;fs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; Nehf;Fld;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl> cs;SH Njitfspd; kl;by; czHjF
jpwdw;w murpdhy; rkhjhdj;Jf;Fk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fkhd
ek;gpf;if jfHf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah22
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLkhapd;; jhk; epue;ju Ntw;wpl FbakHj;jYf;F ,zf;fKbAk; vd xU cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;jtH $wp-dhH. ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupy; mNefH jkJ nrhe;j fpuhkq;fSf;F mUfpy; cs;s gpuNjrq;fspy; jw;fhypfkhfNth my;yJ epue;jukhfNth Ntwpl FbakHjYf;fhd jkJ gykhd Mjuit Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;sdH. nfhl;liffspy; tho;tjpy;iy vd;w ,Wf;fkhd mthit ntspg;gLj;jpAk; cs;sdH. Mr;NrapdH mtHfsJ jw;rhHG jd;dk;gpf;iff;F ngau;NghdtHfs;. gjpypWj;jtHfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd tpfpjj;jpdH kuk;> rPNke;J Nghd;w fl;lg;nghUl;fis ngwNt tpUk;Gfpd;wdH vd $wpdH. mtHfs; [Pthjhu cjtpfisNa mOj;jpf; Nfl;ldH. NeHKfk; fz;ltHfspy; 4%
khdtHfNs jkJ tho;it nfhz;L elj;Jtjw;fhd ciog;igAk;> kPsj; njhlq;Ftjw;FjTk; tifapy; VjhtJ cjtpia ngw;wpUe;jdH vd $wpdH.
kPd;gpbapy; ghuk;gupakhf jq;fp thOk; FLk;gq;fs; Ntw;wpl FbakHj;jy; jpl;lj;Jf;F kpff; frg;Gld; vjpHg;gJld; jkJ fpuhkq;fis tpl;L ntsp-NawTk; kWj;Js;sdH. nghJf; $l;lq;fspy; kPdtHfspd; gpujpepjpfs; vr; #o;epiyapYk; jkJ epyj;ij tpl;L ntspNaWtjw;fhd jkJ epuhfupg;ig gfpuq;fkhf gpufldg;gLj;Jtjpy; VidatHfSld; ,ize;Js;sdH.
cj;jpNahf g+Ht mwpTWj;jy;fis vf;fhyj;jpYk; rhJthf Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; xU r%jhaj;jpy; ,tHfsJ vjpHg;G xU mg+HtkhdjhFk;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; jkJ fpuhkq;fistpl;L ntspNaw kWg;gtHfSf;F cjtp toq;fhjpUf;f ,uhZtj;jpw;F nfhLj;j mjpfhuj;jpdhYk; murpDila cWjpg;ghl;bdhYk; vjpHg;ig njhlHtJ ,yFthdjhf ,Uf;Fg; Nghtjpy;iy.
murpd; nfhs;ifahdJ NkypUe;J fPo; Nehf;fpa jd;ikiaAk;> jkJ ,yf;fpdhy; ce;jg;gLtjhfTk;> gq;fspg;Gf;F vt;tpj ,lj;ijAk; mDkjpf;fhjjhfTk; cs;sJ. Ntw;wpl FbakHjy; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F nghWg;ghf cs;stHfs; fl;lhakhfgpd;tUtdtw;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;jNtz;Lk;.
nrhe;jf; fpuhkq;fSf;F vt;tsT mUfpy; nfhl;by;fis mikf;f KbANkh mt;tsT mUfhf mikg;gJld; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fs; fpilf;ff;$ba Rw;Wtl;liff;Fs; FbakHj;Jjy;.
nfhlby;fs; mikf;Fk;> epHtfpf;Fk; gbKiwf;Fs; rpwe;e xopT kiwtw;w jd;ikia mwpKfk; nra;jy;.
vt;tsT tpiuthf jkJ nrhe;j ,Ug;gplq;fSf;F jpUk;g KbANkh mt;tsT tpiuthf jpUk;Gk; mthit nfhz;bUg;gjw;fhd cupj;Jilikia mtHfs; nfhz;Ls;sdu; vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.
cs;sf ,lg; ngaHTrhH toppfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH mtHfsJ KOikahd ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l
cld;ghl;Lld; khj;jpuNk Ntw;wpl FbakHf;fYf;Fl;gl KbAk; vd;gij kjpj;jy;.
ed;F epiy epWj;jg;gl;l r%f $Wfspd; xUq;fpizg;igAk; ,ize;jpU jd;ikiaAk; cWjp nra;a mjpfk; njhopw;gly;.
mbg;gil NritfisAk; cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fisAk; GJg;gpf;fTk; kPs; jpUk;giy ,yF gLj;jTk; xU xOq;fikg;igf; filg;gpbj;jYk; gfpuq;fg;gLj;jYk;.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gf; fl;likg;gpy; khw;wq;fis ftdj;jpnyLj;J [PtNdhgha cjtp nraw;ghLfSf;F cjTjy;.
vjpHfhy ,aw;if NgudHj;jk; gw;wpa kf;fspd; fti-yfis vLj;jhsf;$ba nghJ jfty;fisAk; fy;tpiaAk; toq;Fjy;.
kPs; FbakHe;j r%fq;fs; NgudHj;j Maj;jk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;Jf;fhd tpNrlj;Jt jw;fhypf jpl;lq;fis cs;SH kl;lj;jpy; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy; njhlHGgl itj;jy;.
Y}f;kd; V[;> nrapd;]; kNyrpa ngdhq; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; rkhjhdj;Jf;fhd Ma;Tf;Fk; fz;fhzpg;gpw;Fkhd gpuptpd; Mr;Nr epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid xUq;fpizg;gtH. (www.seacsn.net/region-al) mj;Jld; gz;lh Mr;Nrapy; Mr;Nr Ma;T ikaj;jpd; xU Ma;thsUk;$l.www.acehinstitute.org kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra/assessments/doc/GoI_UN-joint_assessment_report_on_relocation_sites.doc2. http://hrw.org/english/docs/200�/02/0�/indone1013�.htm3. www.iom.int/tsunami/documents/indonesia_needs_as-sessment.pdf
Ntwplf; Fbaku;j;jiy FLk;gq;fs;
kpff; fLikahf vjpu;f;fpd;wd
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah 23
gz;lh Mr;Nr
Fritz
Inst
itute
cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH Mr;Nr ,y; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; Klf;fk;
ghypay; td;Kiw> vr;.I.tP / vapl;];> ghYwthy; njhw;wf;$ba
Vida Neha;fs;> Njitaw;w my;yJ mghakhd fHg;gk;> ghJfhg;gw;w fUr;rpijT vd;gd cs;slq;fyhf MNuhf;fpak; rhHe;j mjpcaH mghaq;fSf;F ,lk;ngaHe;j ngz;fSk; toHe;j ngz;gps;isfSk;> Kfk;nfhLj;Js;sdH. 150>000f;Fkjpfkhd fh;gKw;w ngz;fis Rdhkp ghjpj;Js;sjhf fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Vida r%fq;fspy; fhzg;gLtJ Nghd;W> ,tHfspy; 15% khdtHfs; Kd;dNu fz;lwpaKbahj fh;gk; rhh;e;j gpur;rpidfshYk; kfg;Ngw;W rpf;fy;fshYk; mtjpAWfpd;wdu;. Capu; jg;gpa Rfhjhug; gzpahsHfsplj;jpy; kpf mbg;gil kUj;Jtg; nghUl;fSk; cgfuzq;fSk; Fiwthf cs;sjdhy;> ,j;jifNahhpd; gad;ghl;Lf;F mtru fhy capHfhg;G kfg;Ngw;W guhkhpg;G Nrit xU Njitg;ghlhf cs;sJ.
xU jrhg;jj;Jf;F Kd;> Ieh tpd; mikg;Gf;fspdJk; rHt-Njr epWtdq;fspdJk; epWtdq;fSf;fpilapyhd gzpf;FOf;fspy; xd;W> Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g Nritfspd; jpul;L (MISP)1 mjhtJ ,dtpUj;jp MNuhf;fpa nray;ghLfspdJk; NritfspdJk; njhFg;G xd;iw cUthf;fpdH. ,j; njhFg;ghdJ ghypay; td;Kiwapd; gpd;tpisTfs;> vr;. I. tP. flj;jg;gLtij jLj;jy;> kpjkpQ;rpa kfg;Ngw;Wf;F Kd;dhd gpd;dhd RftPdq;fis jLj;jy;. fUTw;wy; kw;Wk; mtrufhy #o;epiy rw;W ];jpukilAk;NghJ gue;j tprhykhd ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu Nritfspd; eyd;fSf;fhd jpl;lk; vd;gtw;iw jLf;fTk; rkhspg;gjw;Fkhd xU jpl;lkhfTk; ,J ,Ue;jJ.2
Kd;Dhpikg;gLj;jg;gl;l ‘Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g NritfSf;fhd nghjp’apy; fhzg;gLk; nraw;ghLfshtd.
,j;jpl;lj;jpd; mKy;gLj;jiy xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhd Kd;dzp epWtdj;ijAk; jdpegHfisAk; ,dk;fhzy;.
mtrufhy cjtp kw;Wk; tpdp-Nahfk;> ePH> czT> vhpnghUs;> kUj;Jt guhkhpg;G vd;gdtw;iw ghJfhg;ghf ngwy;> nghUj;jkhd Kfhk; mikg;G Nghd;w mk;rq;fspy; mfjpg;ngz;fs;> ngz; gps;isfspd; gq;Nfw;ig cWjpnra;tjd; %yk; ghypay; td;Kiwia jLj;jy;;.
ghypay; td;Kiwf;Fl;gl;L caph;gpioj;NjhUf;fhd kUj;Jt guhkhpg;G.
ghJfhg;ghd FUjpNaw;wk;> MZi-wfs; fpilf;ff;$bajhapUj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;jpAk;> vr;.I.tP. njhw;W Vw;gLtij jLj;jy; gw;wpa mwpit toq;fpAk; vapl;]; Nehia jLj;jy;.
Rj;jkhd kfg;Ngw;W cgfuzq;fs; nghUl;fs; mlq;fpa nghjpfis jha;khH> kUj;Jtpr;rpfs;> gad;gLj;j toq;Fjy;> Rfhjhu epiyaq;fSf;F jhjpaH gad;gLj;Jk; nghUl;fs; cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy;> NgW fhy mtru epiyikfis rkhspf;fj;jf;f xU xOq;fikg;ig epWTjy; Nghd;w nray;ghLfspd; %yk; gpurtj;Jf;F Ke;jpa kw;Wk; gpurt Ntis ,wg;G tPjj;ij Fiwj;jy;.
,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhuk; rhHe;j mbg;gil juTfis Nrfhpj;jy;> Njit ahd nghUl;fSf;F Xlu; nfhLj;jy;> Nritia toq;Fk; ,lq;fis njhpTnra;jy;> gapw;rpj;jpl;lq;fis tbtikj;jy; mKy;gLj;jy;> Nghd;w nray;ghLfspD}lhf xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu Nritia mbg;gil Rfhjhu guhkhpg;G NritAld; ,izf;fj;jf;fthW jpl;lkply;. 2005 khrp khj ,Wjpg;gFjpapy;> Mr;Nr khfhzj;jpy; kfspUf;fhd Mizf;FO> ,dtpUj;jp MNuhf;fpa guhkhpg;G gw;wpa xU fzpg;gPl;il elhj;jpaJ. Rdhkp Vw;gl;l xU fpoikf;Fs;> Ieh tpd; rdj;njhif epjpak; mj;jpatrpakhd ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu cgfuzq;fs;> nghUl;fis ,dtpUj;jp MNuhf;fpa guhkupg;G rhu;e;j fUj;Jf;fspd; mbg;gilapy; toq;fpaJld; Ji-wrhH gzpahsHfis mzpjpul;b gzpf;fsj;Jf;F mDg;gpAk; ,Ue;jJ. khrp khj ,Wjpg; gFj-papy; Ieh rdj;njhif epjpaj;jpd; ,dtpUj;jp Rf-hjhu nrayzpf;FO thuhe;j $l;lq;fspy; rHtNjr> Njrpa cs;SH epWtdq;fsp;d; 35 gpuj-pepjpfs; fye;Jnfhz;L te;jdH.
mtrufhy epiyikf-spd; Muk;g ehl;fspy;> r%f cWg;gpdHfSf;Fk;> kUe;Jtpr;rpfs;> kUj;JtjhjpaH> Rfh jhu cj;jpNahfj;jHfs;> (Mz;> ngz;) r%fj; ji-ytHfs;> kdpjNea jd;dhu;tj; njhz;lHfs; MfpNahiu cs;slf;fpa FOf;fSf;fpilapy; ,lk;ngWk; fUj;J jfty; ghpkhw;wq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Ieh rdj;njhif epjpaKk; cyf Rfhjhu epWtd Kk; ,ize;J Vuhskhd fUTw;w jha;khH> khjhe;j kfg;NgW> Nra; ,wg;G> gpurtNtis ,wg;G> ,dtpUj;jp taJ Nghd;w mk;rq;fspy; mbg;gilahd juT Nrfhpg;ig Nkw;nfhz; bUe;jdH. kfspH mikg;Gf;fSldhd fye;jhNyhrid> ,lk;ngaHe;j ngz;fs; fUj;jil rhjdq;fis NfhhpapUe;jjhf Rl;bf; fhl;bdH. Njrpa FLk;gj;jpl;lkply; xd;wpak;
kw;Wk; Vida mikg;Gf;fSldhd xd;wpiztpy;> Iehtpd; rdj;njhif epjpak; kpf tpiuthf ,j;jifa rhjdq;fis toq;fp ,Ue;jJ.
,Ue;jNghjpYk;> Iehtpd; rdj;njhif epjpaj;jpd; Mr;Nr khfhz mKyhf;fy; gq;fhsp epWtdq;fs;> ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu Nritfis ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fSf;F toq;Ftjpy; MHt-khf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> Muk;g Nritf;fhd nghjpapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s Kd;Dhpik nray;ghLfisg;gw;wpAk; gpujhd ,yf;Ffisg;gw;wpAk; Mff;Fiwe;jsTf;NfDk; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. NeHKfk; fhzg;gl;l kdpjNea gzpahsHfspy; miuthrpg;NgH ,itgw;wp Nfs;tpAw;Ws;sdH. Mdhy; xUrpyH khj;jpuNk mjd; ,yf;FfisAk; Kd;Dhpikr; nraw;ghLfisAk; gw;wp vkf;F rhpahf tpghpj;jdH.
Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g Nritfspd; nghjpapy; (MISP) fhzg;gLk; cs; mk;rq;fspy; cs;s Fiw-ghLfs;.
ghypay; td;Kiw gw;wpa mwpf;iffs; xuq;fl;lg;gl;lJld;> gue;j gpur;ridfis mit Rl;bf;fhl;lhjNghJk;> kdpj Nea gzpahsHfSk; mur mYtyfH fSk; ,J gw;wp mwpahjJld;; my;yJ ghypay; td;Kiwf;Fl;gl;ltHfSf;F kUj;Jt guhkhpg;ig toq;Fk; tz;zk; trjpaw;wtu;fshfTk; ,Ue;jdH. mNdf khf midj;J rHtNjr epWtdq;fSk; elj;ijrhH xOf;ff; Nfhitia nfhz;Ls;s NtisapYk; xUtH $l kPwy;fis mwpf;ifapLk; eilKiwgw;wp mwpahJs;sJld;> Vida cs;SH gq;fhsp epWtdq;fSld; ,j;jifa elj;ijrhH xOf;f Nfhit gw;wp gfpHe;J
Fiwe;jgl;r epakq;fis ,dtpUj;jp MNuhf;fpag; guhkhpg;gpy; cWjpg;gLj;jy;
rd;uh fpwt;rp
mtrufhy epiyapd; Muk;g gbfspy; capHfhf;Fk; mtrpaj;ij ,dtpUj;jp MNuhf;fpa guhkhpg;G nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;W xU Mokhd tpopg;GzHT cs;sJ. Mr;Nr khdpy kPsha;T> rk-fhy FiwghLfisAk; ghhpa gapw;rp kw;Wk; tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;j Ntz;ba NjitiaAk; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sJ.
Emily
Will
/MC
C/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
,e;NjNdrpahtpy;> ngz; XH gLf;if
iaAk; jdJ 6 khj ngz;
Foe;ijf;fhd cLg;Gf;fisAk; ngWjy;
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah2�
Fiwe;jgl;r epakq;fis ,dtpUj;jp MNuhf;fpag; guhkhpg;gpy; cWjpg;gLj;jy;
nfhz;lJkpy;iy. ngz;fSk; tsHe;j ngz; gps;isfSk; jq;Fkplq;fisAk; kyry$lk;> FopayiwfisAk;> mwpKfkpy;yhjtHfSlDk; Fwpg;ghf Mz;fSlDk; gfpHe;Jnfhs;tJ gw;wp jkJ mnrsfhpa czHTfis ntspg;gLj;jpdH. ghypay; td;Kiwgw;wpa mwpf;iffs; ,y;iynad;whYk;> Rfhjhu mikr;rpd; CopaHfSk; kdpjNea gzpahsHfSk; ngUkstpy; ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fl;gl;ltHfs; gw;wpa rHtNjr> Njrpa kl;l rpfpr;ir nfhs;if jpul;L gw;wp mwpahJs;sJ xU mf;fiwf;Fhpa tpilakhf ,d;Wk; cs;sJ.
Mr;Nr khfhzj;jpy; 5>500 kUj;Jtpr;rpfspy; gj;J tpfpjkhd tHfs; Rdhkpapy; ,we;Jtpl;ldH. ,jd; tpisthf vOe;j ,ilntspf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f> 120 kUj;Jtpr;rpfs; [fhHj;jhtpy; ,Ue;J Mr;Nr kUj;Jt ikaq;fSf;F ,uz;L %d;W fpoik ,ilntspapy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;ldH. Rj;jkhd kf;fNgw;W cgfuzq;fs;> nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; kUj;Jt epiyaj;Jf;fhd kUj;Jtpr;rp cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;w MISP f;F cjTk; mNdf nghUl;fs; mtru fhy epiyikapy; rpy thuq;fSf;Fs; rHtNjr epWtdq;fSf;F fpilf;ff;$bajha; ,Ue;jd. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> ghuk;ghpa kfg;Ngw;W kUj;Jtpr;rpaH gad;gLj;Jk; nghUl;fs; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. rpy Ntisfspy; fpilj;jit$l fUTw;w ngz;fSf;Nfh my;yJ ghuk;ghpa kUj;Jtpr;rpaUf;Nfh cupa epWtdq;fshy; gfpHe;jspf;fg;gltpy;iy. Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH$l> kfg;Ngw;W ikaq;fSf;F fw;gpzpj;jha;khiu mDg;gp itg;gjw;F Kd;dhd mbg;gil mtru kfg;Ngw;W guhkhpg;ig toq;Fk; jkJ nfhs;jFjpwd; tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;L ,Ue;jnjd r%f ika kUj;Jtpr;rpfs; mwpf;ifapl;bUe;jdH.
xU epWtdk; MZiwfis foQ;rpag;gLj;jp itf;Fk; ,lj;ij Maj;jk; nra;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> ghh;itaplg;gl;l epiyaq;fspy; gadhspfSf;F ntspj; njhpAk; tifapy; fpilf;ff;$bajhapUf;f
tpy;iy. mNdf epWtdq;fs; MZ iwfis ,ytrkhfTk; ,yFthfTk; fpilf;fr; nra;tjpy;iy. Vnddpy;> ,];yhkpa gz;ghl;lhsu;fshYk; Njrpa Rfhjhu mjpfhhpfshYk; ,jid nghWj;Jf;nfhs;s KbahJ vd;W rhpahfNth my;yJ gpioahf-Nth mtHfs; fUj jiyg;gLfpd;wdH. rpy epwtdq;fNsh MZiwfspd; gyhgyd;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. VidatHfs; Kjy; gbahf jkJ gzpahsHfSf;F fpilf;fr; nra;tij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s rpj;jkhf cs;sJld; vj;jifa MNyhridfisAk; jpwe;j kdj;Jld; Nehf;Ffpd;wdH.
Rfhjhu mikr;R> cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; Mfpatw;wpd; gpujpepjpfs;> vr;.I.tp njhw;Wf;fs; guthky; jLf;f kUj;Jt cgruzq;fis njhw;WePf;Fjy;> njhw;W Vw;glhky; nra;jy;> J}a;ik Nghd;w mbg;gil Rfh jhu Kd;ndr;rhpf;if eltbf;iffis iff;nfhs;Sjy; Nghd;w mk;rq;fs; Rfhjhu gzpahsHfspilNa Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd Fiwghlhf ,Ue;jnjd mwptpj;jdH. ghJfhg;ghd FUjpr; nrYj;jy;> Njrpa rl;lj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> midj;J FUjpAk; ed;F ghpNrhjpf;fg; gl;lNjhntd;w re;Njff;ij mNdfH ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.
KbTiu
Kd;dzp epWtdj;jpdJk; nghWg;Gtha;e;j Rfhjhu ftdf; Ftpg;G ikaq;fspdJk; gpurd;dk;> xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l ,d tpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; nghUl;fspd; fpilf;ff;$ba jd;ik vd;gdtw;iw J}z;Lfpd;wd vd;gij ,e;j fz;LzHTfs; tpghpf;fpd;wd. Mr;Nr khdpy kdpjNea gzpahsHfs; Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g Nritfs; nghjpapd; Nfhl;ghLfs;> tpdpNahfpf;Fk; nghUl;fs; gw;wpa mjpfhpj;JtUk; tpopg;GzHit tou;j;Js;sdH. Mdhy; Gjpa mtrufhy xOq;fikg;gpy; kpjkpQ;rpa fUr;rpijT> rpR kuzk; vd;gtw;iw jLf;Fk; Nehf;Fila> gyjug;gl;l ,d tpUj;jp
Rfhjhu Nritfs; gw;wpa mwptpid> xUrpyuhtJ nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. ,e;j fz;LzHTfs; kdpjNea gzpahsHfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g Nritapd; nghjpgw;wpa Kd; mtruf-hy epiy gapw;rpia toq;Fk; Nji-tia mbf;Nfhbl;L fhl;Lfpd;wd. kfspH Mizf;FO “gad;gLj;JdH rpNdf njhiyf;fy;tpf; fiyf; $W” xd;iw cUthf;Fk; gzpia Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; cyf gpugy;a nkhopfspy; mjid nkhop ngaHf;Fk; gzpapYk; <Lgl;Ls;sJ. ,f;ifNaL 2005 Gul;lhjp Kjy; fpoik mstpy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk; (kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]) midj;J mtrufhy xoq;fikg;G fspYk; gadhspfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g Nritfs; nghjp fpilf;ff;$bajhapUg;gij cWnra;Ak; nghUl;L> kfspH Mizf;FO muRfSf;Fk;> nfhil ahsp epWtdj;jpdUf;Fk;> kdpjNea gzpahsHfSf;Fk; ce;Jjy; nfhLj;J tUfpwJ. ‘mtrufhy epiyapy; ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu Kd;Dhpikfs;: ,e;NjhNdrpahtpy; Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; Fiwe;j gl;r Muk;g Nritfs; nghjpgw;wpa fzpg;gPL’ vDk; mwpf;if kfspH Mizf;FOtpd; ,izaj;jsj;jpy; fpilf;Fk;.3
rd;uh fpwt;rp> mfjpg;ngz;fs; rpwtHfSf;fhd kfspH Mizf;FOtpd;> ,dtpUj;jp Rfhjhu epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,af;FdH. kpd;dQ;ry; : sandra@womens commission.org
1. www.womenscommission.org/projects/rh/misp%20index.shtml 2. www.sphereproject.org (Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g Nrit-
fspd; nghjp jw;NghJ sphere epfo;rpj;jpl;l> kdpjNea gpufldk; kw;Wk; NguopT gjpypWg;gpd; Fiwe;jgl;r
msTg;gpukhzq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw cs;thq;fp
cs;sJ.
3. www.womenscommission.org/pdf/id_misp_eng.pdf
Emily
Will
/MC
C/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah 2�Em
ily W
ill/M
CC
/AC
T In
tern
atio
nal
midj;Jr; nraw;ghLfisAk; xUq;fpizf;f Ieh Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lJ. Mdhy; ‘fsj;Jf;Fg; NghJkhd tsq;fs; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;lhy;> xUq;fpizg;G jhdh fNt epfOk;’ vd;w vLNfh-spd; mbg;gilapy; mike;jJ Nghd;W njd;gl;l mZFKiw kpf tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f xUq;fpizg;Gf;F cz;ikapy; ,l;Lr; nry;ytpy;iy. rpy kl;lq;fspy;> Njitf;fjpfkhd xUq;fpizg;G fhzg;gl;lJ. xU lrpDf;Fkjpfkhd Ieh mikg;Gf;fs; jkJ ,Ug;gpaYf;fhd Nghl;bapy; Fjpj;jJk; xt;nthU thuKk; 72 xUq;fpizg;Gf; $l;lq;fs; ,lk;ngw;wJk; gz;lh Mr;Nrapy; xUq;fpizg;ghdJ kpifg;gL epiyf;Fr; nry;yf;fhuzkhapd. 400 f;Fkjpfkhd rHtNjr epWtdq;fspd; gpurd;dk; ,Ue;J te;j #oypy;> 10 – 40 f;fpilapyhd epWtdq;fNs XH rpy $l;lq;fspyhtJ fye;J nfhz;ld vd;gJ mNdfkhd vd;[PX f;fs; ,j;jifa $l;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhd tsq;fis nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjw;F xU rhd;whFk;. mNdf xUq;fpizg;Gf; $l;lq;fs; njspthf tiuaWf;fg;gl;L newpg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,yf;Ffisf; nfhz;buhjJld; gq;Fgw;WdHfspd; gq;F> nghWg;G> flik> KbntLf;Fk; mjpfhuk; Nghd;wdtw;iw njspTgLj;jTk; jtwptpl;ld. mNdf re;jHg;gq;fspy;> ,j;jifa $l;lq;fspd; Nehf;fk;> jfty;fisg; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjh> my;yJ nghJ cld;ghLfis vl;Ltjh> my;yJ eil Kiw my;yJ nfhs;ifrhH KbTfs; vLg;gjh vd;w njsptw;w epiyap-NyNa fhzg;gl;lJ. rpNu];l gzpah-sHfs; mKy;gLj;Jtijf; fhl;bYk; xUq;fpizg;gpNyNa jkJ Neuj;ijr; nrytplyhapdH.
mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd $l;lq;fs;> mjpfupj;JtUk; kdpjNea tpNrlj;Jtj;ij Nehf;fpa Nghf;fpidAk; jkJ ika nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspy; ftdk; Ftpf;f Kbahj ,ayhikia Ak; gpujpgypj;jd. Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd $l;l Neuk;> kPs; fl;Lkhdk;> tUtha; $l;ly; nraw;ghLfspd;; kl;by; iff;nfhs;sj;jf;f nfhs;iffs; mZFKiwfs; gw;wp tpthjpf;fNt nrytplg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis> NgudHj;jk; ,lk;ngw;W ,U khjq;fspd; gpd;dUk; Mr;Nrapy;> mbg;gil kyry$l Rfh jhu trjpfis ngWtjpy;> Vuhskhd NgudHj;jk; ghjpj;j kPs; FbNaw;wq;fs; kpFe;j Fiwghl;Lld; fhzg;gl;ld. kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fNkh kpjkpQ;rpa cld;ghbd;ikfSf;Fs; mfg;gl;L gpupe;J epd;wJld; ePz;l fhyj;Jf;F ftdj;jpy; vLf;fhky; Vuhskhd rpf;fy;kpF gpur;ridfis mg;gbNa tpl;Ltpl;lJ.
kpjkpQ;rpa mLf;Ffspy; my;yJ kl;lq;fspy; xUq;fpizg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. xNu khjpupahd Ieh topelj;Jk; xUq;fpizg;Gf; FOf;fs;> jkf;Fs; njhlHghly;fisf;
nfhz;buhkNy [fhHj;jh> kPlhd;> gz;lh Mr;Nr> kpa+yNgh Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; xNutpjkhd gpur;ridfspd; kl;by; nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jd. ,jd; tpisthf gy;NtW tifahd topfhl;ly;fs;> gpukhzq;fs; vd;gd jdpj;jdpahf cUthf;fg;gl;ld. gy Ieh mikg;Gf;fs; xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; mKyhf;fy; ,uz;ilAk; nra;tjpy; <Lgl;ljd; tpisthf> mtHfs; mNdf re;jHg;gq;fspy;> kdpjNeag; gzpr; r%fq;fspd; xUq;fpize;J gfpug;gLk; MHtk; mf;fiwfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jhky;> ,e;NjhNdrpa murhq;fj;Jldhd $l;lq;fspy; jkJ Ra Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisr; Rl;Lk; tpilaq;fspNyNa ftdj;ij xd;W Ftpj;jdH. IehthdJ> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;Jld; njhlHGgl;l jPHkhdq;fis mwptpf;Fk; Kfkhf kdpjNea mikg;Gf;fis tYt+l;Lk; tifapy; jfty;fis Nrfupf;fTk; toq;fTk; mjp-fhuk; nfhz;l xU kdpj Nea jfty; ikaj;ij1 cUthf;fpaJ. ,k; ikak; gy thuq;fSf;F gpd;dNu nray;gL epiyapy; tYg;ngw;wJld;> f];lkpf;f xU rpy thuq;fspy; gpuNahrdkhd Mjuit toq;fpd. ,Ue;Jk;> midj;J Nritg;ghLfisAk; g+Hj;jp nra;aj;jf;f tsq;fis NghJkhd msT nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. ,Nj epiyjhd; “kdpjNea thd; Nritfs;” kw;Wk;> “,ize;j Nritfs; kw;Wk; toq;fy; xOq;fikg;G ikak;” Nghd;wtw;wpYk; fhzg;gl;ld.
,uhZtj;jpd; ghj;jpuk;
kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;Gf;fhd ,uhZtj;jpd; gq;fspg;ghdJ> rptpy; xUq;fpizg;gpw;Ff; fPo; tuNtz;Lk; vd;w Njitg;ghl;bid xU rpwe;j kdpj Neag; gzp eilKiwahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s ntspehLfs; toq;fpa ,uhZtj;jpdupd; ghupa nghUl;fs;> fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; gad;ghl;il ,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtNk xUq;fpizj;jnjd;gJ cz;ik. fzpg;gPl;L NtiyfSf;Fk; gjpypWg;G eltbf;iffis Muk;gpg;gjw;Fkhf ,j;jifa cgfuzq;fs; nghUl;fis vd; [P Xf;fs; gad;gLj;j Kbahjgb xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jdH. ,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; Vida gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J gz;Nl Mr;Nr> kpa+yNgh Nghd;w ,lq;fSf;F nghUl;fis nfhz;L tUk; thd;tsp nfhs;jFjpwid vd; [P Xf;fs; nfhz;bUe;jd. mj;Jld; nry;y Kbahj fbdkhd Rkhj;jpuhtpd; Nkw;F fiuapy; cs;s r%fq;fis nrd;wiltjw;F fg;gy;fisAk; cyq;F thD}HjpfisAk; gad;gLj;JtJk; kpfTk; fLikahff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. rpf;fy; tha;e;j Kjy; ,U thuq;fspYk; vd; [P X gzpahsHfisf; fhl;bYk; gj;jpupf;ifahsHfs; cyq;F thD}Hjpfspy; gazk; nra;tJ ,yFthf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;gpuNjrq;fspy; nraw;gl;l ,uhZtk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; gw;wpa juTfs;> jfty;fis xOq;F Kiwahf Nrfupf;ftpy;iy. Nrfupf;fg;gl;l rpwpa juTfs;$l vd;
[P Xf;fSf;F fpilf;f $bajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. njhlHr;rpahd Kiwg;ghLfNs ,j;jifa #o;epiyapy; rpwpJ khw;wj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jJ. Mr;Nrapy; gpur;ridf;Fl;gl;Ls;s xU jug;ghUf; $lhfTk;> mtHfsJ fl;Lg;ghLfSf;F $lhfTk;> kdpj Neag; gzpr; nraw;ghLfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; #o;epiyAk;> mjD}lhf kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fj;jpd; gf;fr; rhHG mw;w eLepiyik jd;ikapd; kl;by; gykhd rpf;fy;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; mgha #o;epiyiaANk khw;w Kbahj xd;whf mq;F ,Ue;jJ. kdpj Neag; gzpr; nraw;ghl;lhsHfspdJk; ,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtj;jpdupdJk; ghj;jpug; gq;Nfw;Gf;fpilapyhd njspthd tpj;jpahrj; jd;ikfis cWjpg;gLj;j caHkl;lj;jpy; Vuhsk; nra;jpUf;f KbAk;.
ghupa rHtNjr mur rhHgw;w epW tdq;fSf; fpilapy; cs;sf xUq;fpizg;G
epWtdq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; xj;jpize;J nray;gLk; juk;> fyg;Gj; jd;ik tha;e;jjhapUe;jJ. epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;fhd ,l mikTk; fl;Lg;ghLk; Muk;gj;jpy; cfe;jjy;yhjjhf ,Ue;jJld; FWfpa fhyj;jd;ikiaAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ. gy epWtdq;fs; jhk; guhkupf;fr; rhj;jpag;gLk; vd;gjw;fg;ghy;> Muk;gj;jpy; Vuhskhd ,lq;fis jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhzHe;J njhlu;e;Jk; gpbj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;s Kad;wdH. Vida epWtdq;fs; ,jdhy; jhk; xJf;fg;gl;ljhf czHe;jdH. ,j;jifa KWfy; epiyia jLf;fTk; xj;jpirTj; jd;ikia mjpfupf;fTk; mNdf ghupa epWtdq;fspd; jiyikfs; KiwrhH thuf; $l;lq;fis elhj;j jPHkhdpj;jdH. ,t; xOq;fikg;G cldb Kd;Ndw;wfu epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;wJ. xUKiw xU gpujhd nray;ghl;L ep-Wtdk; jhk; vd;d> vq;Nf> vg;gb nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w tpilaj;jpy; cld;ghL fz;Ltpl;lhy; Vida epWtdq;fs; jfty;fis mJ rhHghf gfpHtJld; nfhs;tdT Nritfs; xOq;fikg;G MjuitAk; toq;Ftjw;F Kd; tUtH.
Mr;Nrapy; nfahH epWtdg; gpujp epjpfs;> ,j;jifa Kiw rhuh xj;jpirTr; nray;ghLfs; NghJ khdjhf mikatpy;iy vd czHe;jJld; cj;jpNahf g+Ht ed;F tbtikf;fg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;likg;Gf;fhd MNyhridi-aAk; Kd; nkhope;jdH. nfahUk; NehHNt[pad; nug;a+[pf; fTd;rpYk; KiwrhH vd; [P X xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;likg;ig cUthf;Fk; Kfkhf> jd;dhHt epWtdq;fspd; rHtNjr fTd;rpiy2 ,yFgLj;j mioj;jdH. nfaH> NtHy;l; tp~d; ,d;lnerdy;> xf;];ghHk; [p.gp> fj;jypf; upypg; Nrtp]; Mfpad ,yq;ifapy;> ,e;jpahtpy;> ,e;NjhNdrpahtpy;> jha;yhe;jpy; vd Rdhkp ghjpj;j ehLfspy; cs;s fw;wy; nraw;ghLfis xd;W jpul;Lk; Kfkhf “nray;ghl;L kPsha;it” ,Uehs; nraykHtpD}lhfr; nra;jd.3
ngupa rHtNjr vd; [P Xf;fSk; rpwpadTk;
kdpjNea jfty; ikaj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;l njhlHG tpguj;jpul;lhdJ
,e;NjhNdrpahtpy; kdpj Nea xUq;fpizg;G: xU vd; [P X ghHit
fhH];upd; t+y;];
xUq;fpizg;gpd; ngWkhdj;ij kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fk; mwpe;J itj;Js;s NghjpYk;$l> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Kjy; XH rpy khjq;fspy; ,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; fs mDgtk; gy mD$ykhd gbg;gpidfisj; jUfpd;wd.
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah2�
203 gf;fq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ4 vd;gij itj;Jg; ghHf;Fk;NghJ Mr;Nrapy; kdpjNeag; gzpr; r%fj;jpd; msT kpfg; ghupanjd;gJ Gydh-Fk;. fpl;lj;jl;l 5>000 rHtNjr gz-pahsHfis gjpypWg;gpd; cr;rkhfg; gzpf;fkHj;jpAs;s gjpT nra;ag;gl;l rHtNjr vd; [P Xf;fSf;Fg; Gwk;Ng> gjpT nra;Ak; gbKiwia FWf;Ff; flitapy; fle;j Vuhs-khd rpwpa rHtNjr Kd;ndLg;Gf;fSk; cs;sd. ehl;bd; NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;J te;jpwq;fpa Vuhskhd rpwpa ,e;NjhNdrpa jd;dhHtf; FOf;fSk; Kd;dNk cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;j 120 Mr;Nrdpa vd; [P Xf;fSk; ,tw;wpy; mlq;Fk;.
rHtNjr r%fj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;likg;G> Fwpg;ghfj; njhiyJ}u ,lq;fspy; gzpGupe;j cs;SH epWtdq;fisg; ngupjhfr; nrd;wilatpy;iy. cs;SH nkhopapy; nkhop ngaHg;G toq;fg;glhkNy Mq;fpy nkhopapy; midj;Jf; $l;lq;fSk; ,lk; ngw;wd. mf;$l;lq;fspy; vd;d eilngWfpd;wd vd;gij mwpa Kbahj epiyapy; mf;$l;lq;fSf;F tUif jUk; cs;SH epWtdq;fs; ehsiltpy; mq;F nry;tij epWj;jpf; nfhz;ld. kdpjNea jfty; ikaj;jpd; gad;ghl;Lf;fhd I B gp ikaq;fs; gw;wpa juT njhFg;gpid jahupj;j nfahH Njrpa gzpahsHf-spd; mDgtj;jpd; $lhf Mq;fpyj;jpd; Nkyhz;ik epiy rpj;jupf;fg;gLfpwJ. cs;slf;fk; ,e;NjhNdrpa gfh]htpy; ,Ue;jjdhy; juTfis tifg;gLj;jpg; gad;gLj;j kdpjNea ikaj;Jf;F ,U thuk; vLj;jJ. Vida epWtdq;fs; Vw;nfdNt mwpe;J itj;Js;s jfty;fis cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu NeHKfk; fz;L jpul;Ltjw;F jkJ gzpahsHfis mDg;gp ,Ue;jjdhy; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; tsq;fs; tPzbf;fg;gl;ld.
,e;NjhNdrpah muR> gy [eh epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; xU rpy ghupa rHt-Njr epWtdq;fs; vd;gd> Vida rpW epWtdq;fSk; Kd;ndLg;Gf;fSk; jFjp Fiwe;jdthfTk; tsg;gw;whf;Fiwkpf; fdthfTk; njd;gl;ljdhy; mtHfsJ gpurd;dj;ij Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;jpd. kdpjNea jfty; ika njhlHGj; juTj; jpul;by; fhzg;gl;l kjkhw;wk; nra;Ak; rka mikg;Gf;fs; Nghd;w Nfs;tpf;Fl;gl;l gy nraw;ghl;lhsHfis ,e;j NgudHj;jj;jpd; msTg; ngW khdk; ftHtjdhy; mNdf rpwpa epWtdq;fs;> ghupa epWtdq;fshy; vLj;jhs Kbahjdtw;iw eptHj;jpg;gjpy; xl;Lnkhj;j gjpypWg;Gf;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd tifapy; gq;fspg;G nra;jd. tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;likg;Gf;Fs;
mtHfs; cs;thq;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mtHf-sJ gq;fspg;G ,d;Dk; ngWkhdk; kpf;f Mjuthf mike;jpUf;Fk;. cs;SH kl;lj;jpy; nfahUk; Vida vd; [P Xf;fSk; rpwpa nraw;ghl;lhsHfSld; gzpepiy cld;ghLfis Vw;gLj;j Kad;wdH. ,ul;bg;ig jtpHg;gjpYk; Nfs;tpf;Fl;gl;l epfo;r;rpj; jpl;l mZFKiwfis khw;wpr; rPuhf;FtjpYk;> mjpfhu mq;fPfhuk; mDkjpj;j ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; rpwg;ghf ,J nray;gl;lJ. Vida epWtdq;fis xUq;fpizf;f mjpfhu mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; cjhuzkhf nfhN]hNthtpy; fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,j;jifa rk;gtq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd. Mr;Nrapy;$l ,e;j ntw;wpfukhd mZFKiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f KbAk;.
xUq;fpizg;Gg; gpur;ridfis mOj;jkhff; $wy;
xUq;fpizg;G Kf;fpakhdJ vd mNdfH Vw;Wf; nfhs;tH Mdhy; xUq;fpizg;G vd;why; vd;d vd;gjw;F tpj;jpahrkhd ghHitf; Nfhzq;fs; cs;sd. mjd; Mff; Fiwe;j tbtj;jpy;> ,ul;bg;Gr; nraw;ghl;il jtpHf;Fk; jd;dhHt eltbf;iffis mJ cs;slf;fyhk; my;yJ gjpypWg;Gf;fis cfe;jjhf;Fk; gue;j Kaw;rpahff;$l ,Uf;fyhk;. xUq;fpizf;Fk; mikg;ghdJ eLepiyikaw;wJ vdf; fUjg;gLk; ,lq;fspYk;> cjhuzkhf kd tpUg;Gf;fspd; $l;L my;yJ [eh thf ,Uj;jy; vd;w epiyapYk;> gf;fr;rhHgw;W nraw;gLk; xU vd; [P Xtpd; Njitg;ghl;bid ,j;jifa cfe;jjhf;Fk; Kaw;rp jilg;gLj;jyhk; vd;w #o;epiyapYk;> nfahH Nghd;w vd; [P XTf;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd gpur;ridfis> gjpypWg;Gf;fis cfe;jjhf;Fk; gue;j Kaw;rp Kd; itf;ff;$Lk;. eltbf;iffisAk; xUq;fpizg;igAk; nra;Ak; ,iz nghWg;ig> xUq;fpizg;G mikg;G nfhz;Ls;s Ntis> Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd gpur;ridfs; fhzg;glyhk;. ,j;jifa #o;epiyfspy; xd;W Ftpf;fg;gl;l ,yf;F ,d;ikAk; jdpg;gl;l <LghLfSk;$l fhzg;glyhk;.xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;Lkhdq;fs; rpwg;ghditahfj; Njhd;wyhk;. Mdhy; eilKiwapy; xUq;fpizg;G mikg;ghdJ NghJkhd msTk; cupa KiwapYk; tskhf;fg;glTk;> gzpahsHfs; gzpf;fkHj;jg;glTk; ,y;iy vd;why; mf;fl;Lkhdq;fs; jl;Lj;jL khwyhk;. vq;F mj;jifa xUq;fpizj;jy; Gjpjhf te;jpwq;Ffpd;wNjh> my;yJ mDgtkw;wjhf cs;sNjh> vq;F jfty; gupkhw;wf; fl;likg;Gf;fs; g+uzkw;witNah mq;F gq;Nfw;Gf;Fk;
xj;Jiog;Gf;Fk; ,ire;J nray;gLj;jYf;Fkhd nghUj;jkhd #o;epiyia cUthf;FtJk; fbdkhFk;.
jpl;lj;ij Kd;dfHj;jy;
rHtNjr kdpjNear; r%fk;> jpl;lj;ij Kd;dfHj;Jtjpy; mjpfkhd nraw;gL epiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Njit cs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf gpd;tUk; Jiwfspy; mt;thwpUj;jy; mtrpak;.
jfty; Njitg;ghLfis tiuaiw nra;jy;.
gpukhzq;fisf; nfhz;l fzpg;gPl;L gbtq;fis njhlHghlYf;$lhf tpdpNahfpj;jy;.
NgudHj;jg; gjpypWg;gpy; Mff;Fiwe;jsT ];gpaH gpukhzq;fis cWjp nra;jy;.5
Njrpa> khfhz> cs;SH> JiwrhH gpupTfspd; kl;by; xUq;fpizg;G fl;Lkhdq;fSf;fpilapy; njspthd njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;Jjy;.
njhopy; kw;Wk; ts xJf;fPL kl;by; $l;lhfj; jpl;lkplypy; cs;s Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; jpwikfis kjpj;jy;.
Njrpa muRfs; ,uhZtk; vd;gdtw;wpd; rpf;fy;kpF ghj;jpuq;fis ,dq;fhz;gJk; mtHfsJ flikfs; nghWg;Gf;fis njspthf;fYk;.
xj;jpire;J nraw;gly;> gpujpepjpj;Jtk;> gupe;Jiuthjply; Nghd;wdtw;Wf;fhf ,irthd xOq;fikg;Gf;fSldhd Kd;dNk cUthf;fg;gl;l rHtNjr vd; [P X xUq;fpizTf; fl;Lkhdq;fs;.
cs;SH> Njrpa rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fis vl;Ljy;.
caH mghag; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; nfhs;jFjpwd; tiughf;fk;.
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gy;NtW tpkHrdq;fSf;Fk; mg;ghy;> xl;Lnkhj;j Rdhkp gjpypWg;G> tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf cs;sJld; epWtd uPjpahd fw;wiy ,J J}z;bAk; cs;sJ vd;gJk; xU Cf;fkhd tpilakhFk;. Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd rpwe;j Kd;Ndhf;fpa jpl;lkplYlDk; ghupa kdtpUg;GlDk;> gjpypWg;Gr; rhHe;j fw;wy;fisf; fw;gjw;fhd rHtNjr r%fk;> rpwe;j Maj;j epiyiaAk; jahH epiy-iaAk; tskhf;fy; epiyiaAk; mLj;j NgudHj;jk; ,lk;ngWk;NghJ tpidj;jpwDld; xUq;fpizf;Fk; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;.
fhH];upd; t+y;];> nfahH mtru fhy FOtpd; (CEG) mtrufhy eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; jahH epiyf;fhd xUq;fpizg;ghsuhthH. ,e;jf; fl;Liu Ra nfhs;jFjpwdpd; kl;by; tiuag;gl;Ls;sJld; nfahupdNjh my;yJ mjd; gq;fhsp epWtdq;fspdJ fUj;Jf;fis mit gpujpgypg;gjhf mikatpy;iy. kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
1. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra2. www.icva.ch3. www.humanitarianinfo.org/srilanka/infocentre/refer-ence/docs/care-evaluation.pdf ,e;j rHtNjr vd; [P Xf;fs;> Nrt; j rpy;ud;> rHtNjr kPl;Gr; rig> NkH]p
NfhHg;]; Mfpatw;Wld; mtru fhy nfhs;jFjpwd;
cUthf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,ize;J
nraw;gLfpd;wd. ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; ,yf;fhdJ
“jukhd gzp ahsHfis kPsg;gapw;rpaspj;jYk;
mgptpUj;jp nra;jYk; tpidj;jpwd; %yq;fis
Kd;Ndw;wYk;> tpisTg; gad; fzpg;gPl;il
Nkk;gLj;Jjy; vd;gdtw;Wld; mghaf; Fiwg;G>
mtrufhy jahHepiy Nghd;wdtw;Wf;fhd
nfhs;jFjpwid mjpfupj;jy;> Irpup nfhs;jFjpwid
mjpfupj;jy;.” Nghd;wdtw;iwAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
�. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra/products/contacts/index.asp�. www.sphereproject.org
gz;lh
Mr;Nrapy;
epthuzg;
nghUl;fSld;
,e;NjhNdrpa
,uhZTk;
Fritz
Inst
itute
,e;NjhNdrpahtpy; kdpj Nea xUq;fpizg;G: xU vd; [P X ghHitFMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah 2�
mz;ika Mz;Lfspy;> ghrh
,e;NjhNdrpah nkhopapy;
nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;l Nfhl;ghLfs;>
mur mjpfhupfspilNaAk;> Aj;jg;
ghjpf;Fl;gl;l r%fq;fspilNaAk;
gue;j mstpy; tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
NehHNt[pad; mfjpfs; fTd;rpypd;
rh;tNjr cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;> cs;sf
,lg;ngaHTf;fhd G&f;fpd;]; -
Ngu;d; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;> kdpjNea
mYty;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; Ieh
tpd; mYtyfk; vd;gd topfhl;ly;
Nfhl;ghLfis>1 ,e;NjhNdrpahtpd;
jPTf; fl;llk; KOtJkhd ,lq;fspy;
gug;Giu nra;tjw;F> ,e;NjhNdrpa mur
epWtdq;fSlDk; rptpy; r%fj;JlDk;
,ize;J nraw;gl;Ls;sd.
gz;lh Mr;Nrapy; Rdhkpf;
fhyg;gFjpapy; X.rp.vr;.V. My;
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;Gf;
$l;lq;fspy;> r%fe;jUk; gpujpepjpfs;>
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH vd;w
nrhw;gpuNahfj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;
gjpyhf “tPlw;wtHfs;” my;yJ “Rdh-kpapd; fhuzkhfj; jkJ tPLfis
,oe;jtHfs;” vd;W mbf;fb tpopj;jdH.
NehHNt[pad; mfjpfs; fTd;rpy;> kpfTk;
murpay; kag;gl;l #o;epiyapNyNa
Rdhkp ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ vd;gij
cldbahf ,dk; fz;L nfhz;lJ.
,e;NjhNdrpa muRf;Fk; [PVvk; gpuptp
idthj mikg;Gf;Fkpilapyhd
Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf> Mr;Nr
khfhzk; rHtNjr r%fj;Jf;F
%lg;gl;bUe;jJ. RdhkpAld;
njhlHGgl;l kdpjNeaj; NjitfSf;Fg;
gjpypWg;gjw;fhd mq;fPfhuj;jpD}lhf
khj;jpuNk> rHtNjr epWtdq;fspd;
tUif rhj;jpag;ghlhfpaJ. cs;sf
,lg;ngaHTrhH ,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; tu
yhW vd;gJ> kdpjNea eltbf;ifAld;
vt;tpj njhlHigAk; nfhz;bUg;gjhf
mNef rHtNjr r%fKk; cs;SH
mjpfhupfSk; ,dk;fhztpy;iy
vd;gijj;jtpu Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.
NehHNt[pad; nug;a+[p fTd;rpyhdJ
(vd;.MH.rp)> ,e;NjhNdrpahtpy;
mgptpUj;jpia Nehf;fpa cjtpf;Fk;
kPl;rpf;Fkhd ,izak; (fhHb)> nldp];
mfjpfs; fTd;rpy;> rHtNjr kPl;Gr; rig
kw;Wk; ];upr;upq; tYr;upypq; vd;gdtw;wpd;
XH mq;fNk. cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd;
me;j];ij kWjypj;jypd;
gpd;tpisTfs; gw;wpAk;> Rdhkpahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhupdJk; Aj;jj;jhy;
,lk; ngaHe;j Mr;NrapdupdJk;
NjitfSf;fpilapyhd ghugl;rj;jpd;
mghaj;ijg; gw;wpAk;> gue;j ft-
iyfis vd;.MH.rp. – fhh;b Mfpa ,uz;L mikg;Gf;fSNk
gfpHe;J nfhs;fpd;wd. cs;sf
,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd; rl;lg+Ht cup
ikfs;> mtw;iw mKyhf;Ftjw;fhd
gy;NtW jug;gpdupd; flg;ghLfs;> NkYk;
mit cs;slq;fyhf Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd;
ghJfhg;G vd;gdkl;by; ,d;Dkjpfkhd
mwptpidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Njit
cs;snjd;W> vd;.MH.rp. $WfpwJ.
,lg;ngaHT NtisapYk;> kPs;jpUk;Gjy;>
kPs;xd;wpizg;G> Ntwplf; FbakHj;jy;
my;yJ kPs;FbNaw;wk; vd;gtw;wpd;
kPJk;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd;
ghJfhg;Gld; njhlHGgl;l gpur;rpidfis
fye;JiuahLtjw;fhd xU fsk;>
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhUld; NrHj;J
kdpjNear; nraw;ghl;lhsHfSf;Fk;
Njitg;gLfpwJ.
topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfisg;gw;wp
nraykHTfis> gz;lh Mr;Nrapy;
xd;Wk;> Rkhj;jpuhtpd; Nkw;F fiuapy;
kpa+yhNghtpy; xd;Wkhf ,uz;bidj;
jpl;lkpl vd;.MH.rpAk; FNshgy;
Ibgp Ntiyj;jpl;lKk; Muk;gpj;jd.
fhyj;Jf;Fk; cupa Njitf;Fkhdnjd>
,e;jf; fUj;ij mNef Njrpa>
rHtNjr r%fq;fs; tuNtw;wd.
gq;Fdpapy; Mr;Nrapy; cj;jpNahfg+Ht
mtrufhy epiyikg; gpuflzk;
KbTf;F te;jjdhy;> khfhzj;jpd;
kPs;fl;Lkhdj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdtHfs;
,jpy; gq;F nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd vd;.
MH.rp. tpUk;gpaJ. gq;Fgw;WdHfis
,dq;fhzy;> mioj;jy;> ,iz
Kd;itg;ghsHfis fz;Lgpbj;jy;>
Mr;Nr #o;epiyf;Nfw;wthW gapw;rpf;
$Wfis Maj;jk; nra;jy; Nghd;w
mjpf Neuj;ij gpbf;fty;y gzpfs;
Muk;gkhfpd. Njrpa> khfhz mjp-
fhup fs;> Ieh> epjp toq;FdHfs;>
rHtNjr epWtdq;fs;> cs;SH
epWtdq;fs;> rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;>
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhpd; jiy
tHfs; Nghd;Nwhiu cs;thq;fpa
gq;Fgw;WdH gl;bay; Maj;jk;
nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;NjhNdrpa r%fey
mikr;R> nraykHtpd;kl;by; NeHjd;ik
nghUe;jpa MHtj;ijf; fhl;baJld;
Kd;itg;Gf;fisr; nra;aTk;
,zq;fpdH. X.rP.vr;.V ghy; epiy> taJ>
,l mikT Nghd;w NtWghlw;w juT
Nrfupg;gpy; cjtpl ,zq;fpaJ.
Jujp];ltrkhf> mur mikg;Gf;fSld;
,ize;J nraw;ghLfis xOq;F
nra;tjpypUe;J ntspehl;L kdpjNea
cjtp toq;FdHfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
Gjpa xOq;F tpjp fhuzkhf
nraykHit elhj;Jtjw;F jhk;
mDkjpaspf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gij vd;.
MH.rp. mwpe;Jnfhz;lJ. jw;Nghija
rl;lk; xOq;F tpjpfSf;fikthf>
nghUj;jkhd mur mikg;Gf;fSld;
,ize;J nraykHTfis gpd;dH
nfhz;L elhj;Jtjw;F tha;g;G cs;sJ.
,J Kf;fpakhd gpur;ridfisf;
fye;JiuahLtjw;fhd xU fskhf
,Uf;Fnkd ek;gyhk;. Mr;Nrapy;
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd; ghJfhg;G>
cjtp Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd ePbj;j jPHTf-
isf; fz;Lgpbf;f rHtNjr r%fkhdJ
cs;SH mjpfhupfSld; nraw;gLjy;
vd;gJ Kf;fpakhdJ.
vg;.vk;.MH MrpupaHfs;> gz;Nl
Mr;Nrapd; Kd;dhs; vd;.MH.rp.
ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;l Kfhikah-
suhd m];upl; Nrhgp MHd; mtHfspd;
cs;sPl;Lf;F ed;wpf; fld;gl;Ls;sdH.
kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
1. www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/IdpProjectDb/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/�B����2�C2�A1BBBC12��D10003��3C9
Mr;Nrapy; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ghJfhg;GrhH ftiyfs; kupad; nfsy;l;wp> upk; nkhwp];
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHTrhH topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs;> ,aw;ifg;
NgudHj;jq;fshy; gyhj;fhukhfg; Gfyplk; Njb Xlr;nra;ag;gLgtHfs;
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH vdf;fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdj; njsp-
thff; $WfpwJ. MapDk;> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;s
rpy epWtdq;fs; ,r;nrhw;gpuNahfj;ij gad;gLj;jTk; ghJfhg;Gg;
gpur;ridfs; kl;by; nray;glTk; jaq;fp tUfpd;wd.
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah2�
,e;NjhNdrpah>
gz;lh
Mr;Nrapy;>
cs;sf
,lk;ngau;
Kfhkpy; XH
jw;fhypf
ghlrhiy
UN
HC
R/J
Aus
tin
jkf;Fj; jhNk cjTk; kf;fspd; Mw;wiy Vw;W kjpg;gJ>
nghUj;jkhd cjtpia toq;FtJ Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapy;> kdpj Nea epWtdq;fs; rkepiynahd;iw fhzNtz;Lk;.
Rdhkp Vw;gl;L xU fpoikapd; gpd;> gz;lh Mr;Nr kfhzj;jpy; cs;s n[Rtpl; mfjp Nritf;F (N[.MH.v];.) xU INuhg;gpa cjtpg; gzpahsH tUif je;jhH. ,lk;ngaHe;j r%fq;fs; rhHe;j jdJ KjyhtJ fzpg;gPl;by; mtu; ,Ue;jhu;.jdJ tUifapd; epiwtpy;; jhd; njhFj;j JzpG-fis vk;Kld; gfputpUk;gpdH. jkJ clikfis cwTfis FLk;gq;fis ,oe;NjhUldhd re;jpg;G mthpy; Mokhd kdg;gjpTfis Vw;gLj;jp ,Ue;jJ. mtHfs; jkJ Kfhk; rikayiwf;F> rikay; mLg;G xd;iw vt;thW thq;fpapUe;jdu; vd;gij jd;dplk;; $wpatpjj;ij tHzpf;Fk; NghJ> mtHfs; mij thq;ff; $batHfshf ,Ue;jdH vd;gij mtH Kjypy; ek;g kWj;jij ntspg;gLj;jpdH. mNjNtis mtHfis njhlHe;Jk; Viofs; vd;Nw tpopj;jhH.
,e;jj; jw;fhypf FbapUg;Gf;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; ngaHe;j kf;fs;> Viofs; Nghd;Nw njd;gLtH. Mdhy; xU kdpjNeag; gzpahsUf;Nfh mtHfs; jkf;Fj; jhNk cj tpf; nfhs;s vt;tpj top;fisAk; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy vd vz;ZtJ mtHfsJ nfsutj;Jf;F ,Of;if nfhLg;gjhfNt njd;gLk;. kf;fs; mfjpfshf milf;fyk; GFj;jpUe;j xU ghlrhiy fl;llj;Jf;F ehd; xUehs; nrd;w xU rpy ehl;fspd; gpd;dNu vdf;F ,J ciwj;jJ. Eiothapypy; xU mLf;F Jzp Ftpe;jpUe;jJ. xUtH rpy cilfis vLj;J vdf;F mtw;iwf; fhz;gpj;jhH. ,tw;iw mzptjw;F vkf;F mt-khdkhf cs;sJ vd;whH. ehNdh frf;fpg;gpope;J Njha;j;j me;j fpope;j Milfis $He;J cw;W Nehf;fpNdd;. ,d;W ehk; ,e;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jhYk; vkf;nfd;W gy ngUikfisf; nfhz;Nl cs;Nshk; vd njhlHe;jhH. Nghf;Ftuj;J nrytpdq;fisAk; mjw;fhd tsq;fspdJ tpuaj;ijAk; ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky;> juj;ijg;
gw;wp rpe;jpahky; vz;zpf;ifia khj;jpuk; ftdj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L ,j;jifa ghtidf;F cjthj gioa cLg;Gf;fis Mr;Nr khepyj;J nfhz;Lte;jJ jdp kdpjHfsJ gpioay;y. ehLfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fspdjhFk;. muRk; kdpj Nea mikg;Gf;fSk; toq;Fk; cldb Ehby;];f;Fg; gjpyhf nrhe;j rkaiy nra;a vz;iz mLg;Gf;fis thq;fNth> jkJ czTg; nghUl;fis cs;SH re;ijapy; thq;fNth> ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; tpUk;Gtu; vd;w cz;ikia epWtdq;fs; fz;Lk; fhzh kYk; tpl;LtpLfpd;wd.
njhlHG+lfj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltH fSk; fjhehafHfSk;
Mr;Nr khfhz thrpfs; Nguoptpw;F cyF nfhLj;j gjpypWg;ghy; mre;J NghAs;sdH. mNjNtis> mofhd gpuhe;jpak; ,d;W Rdhkpf;Fj;jhd; gpugy;akhfp cs;sNj vd;W rpyH JaU-wTk; nra;fpd;wdH. ,e;NjhNdrpahtpYk; Vida ehLfspYk;$l> jkJ tho;f;ifg; ghijapy; fple;j midj;ijAk; mbj;J nehWf;fpa miyfs; gw;wpa gaq;fukhd glf;fhl;rpfs; epjpNrfhpg;gpy; rhjidia Vw;gLj;jpd. jkf;Fs;s midj;ijAk; ,oe;jtHfsJk;> mdh ij rpwtHfspdJk;> jkJ fuq;fspy; ,Ue;J miyfshy; gwpj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lij $Wk; jha;khHfspdJk;> jkJ ,we;j kfs; kfd;fsJ Gifg;glq;fis jhq;fp cyTk; je;ijkhHfspdJk; fhl;rpfs; md;gspg;;G toq;Fk; tpiria mOj;jptpl;ld. Mr;Nr thrpfs; Jd;Gw;wtHfshfTk; ntspehl;L Gifg;glf; fiyQHfSk; kdpjNea gzpahsHfSk; fjhehafH fshfTk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. ntspehl;Lj; njhlHG+lfj;jpdUf;F cs;SH gjpypWg;ghsHfis ,dq;fz;L ciuahLtijf; fhl;bYk; ntspehl;ltHfSld; NgRtJ> ,yFth-djhf ,Uf;fyhk;. jha;yhe;J> Nkw;Fyf ehLfspy; kpfr;rpwe;j ftd <u;g;igg; ngw;wjd; ,ufrpaKk;; ,JNt. cs;SH mgpyhirfis ntspf;fhl;Lk; cs;SH Fuy;fis rpijj;Jf;nfhz;L kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; jkJ fijfis $Wk; Nkw;Fyf Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; Vuhsk; cs;sdH.
jkf;Fj;jhNk cjtf;$ba ,aYikaw;wth;fshf kf;fs; cs;sdH vd vz;ZtJ kf;fSf;F ntsp cjtp Njit vDk; KbTf;F xUtiu ,l;Lr; nry;yyhk;. Mdhy; ntspehl;L cjtp cz;ikahd NjitfSld; nghUe;jhky;$l ,Uf;fyhk;. cjhuz-khf Mr;Nr khfhzj;Jf;F ntspapy; cs;s mNdf kf;fs;> jkJ mbg;gil guhkhpg;ghsHfis ,oe;j rpWtHfs; IthjPtpw;F my;yJ ntspehl;by; cs;s rpWtH guhkhpg;G mdhij ,y;yq;fSf;F mDg;gg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;Nwh my;yJ jj;Jf;nfhLg;gjw;F xg;ge;jk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd;Nwh vjpHghHj;jdH. Mr;Nrapy; ,J gz;ghl;L kl;lj;jpy; nghUj;jkw;wJ. mj;Jld;. Mr;Nria tpl;L ntspNa rpWtH-fis vLg;gijf; fhl;bYk; jkJ cs;shh;e;j r%fj;Jf;Fs; itj;Nj mtHfs; toHj;njLf;fg;gLtij Mr;Nr kf;fs; NfhUtjhy; ,J fyfj;Jf;F toptFj;jJ.
Mr;Nr thrpfs;> jkJ gyk; kw;Wk; ngUik rhH gz;gpay;GfSf;Fg; ngaH NghdtHfs;. nghJtpy;> mtHfs; cjtp ehb epw;gij mtkhdkhff; fUJgtHfs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf tphpj;j fuq;fSld; ,tHfshy; vg;NghJk; kdpj Nea epWtdq;fs; tuNtw;fg;glg; Nghtjpy;iy. murgilfSf;Fk; GAM vDk; jdpehL Nfhhp NghuhLk; mikg;Gf;Fkpilapy; jrhg;j fhyq;fshf ,lk;ngw;WtUk; cs;ehl;L Aj;jk; nghJ thfNt ntspahiu cs;SH kf;fs; ek;ghj xU #o;epiyia Vw;gLj;jp cs;sJld; jd;dpiwitg; ngw;W jk;kpNyNa jq;fp ,Uf;Fk; epiy-iaAk; Nghjpj;Js;sJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; Mr;Nrapy; Njitfs; kpfTk; gue;jJ vd;gJld; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij fhz;gJ mupJ. kPs;fl;Lkhdk; vd;w fsT edth-Fk; vd fhj;jpUe;j Mr;Nr thrpfs; nghWik ,oe;J tUfpd;wdu;.
mNjNtis mNdfH murpd; kw;Wk; kdpjNea mikg;Gf;fspd; cjtpapd;wp rpijTfis Jg;guT nra;J nfhz;L nrhe;j ,lq;fSf;F jpUk;gpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. Kfhkpy; cs;s mNdf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH jkJ ,Ug;gplq;fSf;F kPsTk; jpUk;gp tPLfs; mikg;gjpy; cWjpaha; cs;sdH. NyhNfh fpuhkj;jpYk; NghNy Mr;Nr jPtpd; yk;gaht; fpuhkj;jpYk;> jkJ r%fj;jpdH jpUk;Gtjw;F Mz;fs; Row;rp mbg;gilapy; jPtpid Maj;jk; nra;fpd;wdH.
Rdhkp mbj;J xU khjj;Jf;Fs; xU $lhuj;jpyhd Kfhk; mikf;fg;gl;L topghl;Lf;Fk; r%f $l;lq;fSf;Fk; xU nghJ ,y;ykhd “kpA+dh]h” vOg;Gtjw;fhd Ntiyfs; njhlq;fp ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j kj;jpa fl;llj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU fpuhkk; kPsTk; fl;b vOg;gg;glKbAk;. “ehk; murpd; cjtpf;fhf fhj;jpUf;fkhl;Nlhk;. ehkh fNt jpUk;g Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy te;jhy; ehkhfNt jpUk;GNthk;” kdpjNea epWtdq;fs; cs;SH kf;fspd; ,aYikia kjpj;J mjpypUe;J fw;Wf;nfhz;L ,j;jifa Muk;gpg;GfSf;F Cf;fk; nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd mtu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.
,q;tpy;l; Nrhy;thq;> ,e;NjhNdrpa N[Rtpl; mfjpfs; Nritapd; ghpe;Jiu thjplYf;fhd KfhikahsH Mthu;. kpd;mQ;ry; : [email protected],izaj;jsk; : JRS ,e;NjhNdrpah : www.jrs.or.id
tYtw;w ghjpg;Gw;NwhH my;yJ gyKs;s capHgpioj;NjhH ,d;q;ity;l; Nrhy;thq;
Rkhj;uh Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; kpA+yNgh kPd; re;ijapy; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;du; tpahghuk; nkJthf toikf;Fj;jpUk;GfpaJ.
Pette
ri K
okko
nen/
Finn
Chu
rchA
id/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah 29
UN
HC
R/J
Aus
tin
khrp 2002 ,y; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l Aj;j epWj;j cld;ghl;bDhlhf>
f\;lkhdnjdf; fUjg;gLk; rkhjhdj;Jf;F> ,yq;ifapd; tlfpof;F khepyq;fSf;F jkpo; <ok; vDk; jdp ehl;il cUthf;f KaYk; vy;.hP.hP.apd; ePz;lfhy Nghuhl;lk; XusT top tpl;Ls;;sJ. Rdhkp mopTj;jhf;fj;jpd; mg;gOf;fw;w gUkd; my;yJ msth-dJ mur gilfisAk; vy;.hP.hP.aP NghuhspfisAk; Aj;jj;Jf;F js;Sk; jPg;nghwpia Vw;gLj;j ty;y Kd;duq;f gjl;lj;ij tpyf;fpapUf;fyhk;. 20 ep-kpl ,ilntspapy; Vw;gl;l fpl;lj;jl;l 35>000f;Fkjpfkhd kuzq;fs; 20 tUl rptpy; Aj;jj;jpy; tpioe;j kuzq;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;F rkkhdjhf;fpAs;sJ. Rdhkp efuq;fisAk;> fpuhkq;fisAk;> r%fq;fisAk; ,y;yhky; nra;jJld; fpl;lj;jl;l xU kpy;ypad; Vio kf;fis ,y;ykw;w mdhij fshfTk; khw;wpAs;sJ. vt;tpj ,UfUj;JfSf;Fk; ,lkpy;yhj tif apy; Njrpa – Njrj;jpd; gpujpepjpfs; jhNk> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dH kPl;rpapd; gpujhd nrYj;JdH jhNk vd muR $Wk; mNjNtis> jkpo; Njrpaj;jpd; Vf gpujpepjp jhNk vd Gypfs; $Wfpd;wdH. Gypfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l fiu Nahug; gFjpfspy; thOk; kf;fs; mur fl;L;g;ghl;L gFjpfspy; thOk; kf;fSf;F Vw;gl;l ghjpg;Gf;F rkkhd ghjpg;ig nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;w cz;ik> kPs;fl;Lkhdg; gbKiwapy; jk;ik rk-khd gq;FjhuHfshf elj;jNtz;Lk; vd;w Gypfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia tYthf;fp cs;sJ. Aj;j epWj;jk; rkhjhd Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;gtw;wpy; ,yFgLj;JdHfshf nray;gLk; NehHNt muR> kPs;fl;Lkhdq;fis Nkw;ghHit nra;tjw;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s nghJf;fl;likg;gpd; jd;ik> mjpfhuk;> njhopw;ghL> vd;gdtw;wpy; Gypfi-sAk; muirAk; xU ,zf;fg;ghl;Lf;F nfhz;Ltu vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; vt;tpj ,zf;fg;ghl;ilAk; ,Jtiu vl;ltpy;iy.
,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;> Rdhkpf;F gpd; cldbahf Nfhug;gl;l ghhpa rHt-Njr cjtpfs; te;jiltJ nkJthf cs;sJ. [dhjpgjp re;jphpf;fh FkhuzJq;f mtHfs; thf;fspf;fg;gl;l epjpapy; Ie;J rjNkDk; jpiwNrhpia te;jilatpy;iy vd gq;Fdp ,Wjpg; gFjpapy; mwptpj;jhH. ntspehl;L kw;Wk; epjp mikr;R mjpfhhpfs; fhNrhiy ahfTk; gzkhfTk; cWjp nkhopfis khw;Wk;gb rHtNjr r%fj; Jf;F Kiw aPL nra;Js;s Nghjp Yk; mNdf epjptoq;FdHfSf;F> nryT nra;jy; vd;gJ cj;jpNahf G+Htg; nghJf; fl;likg;ig Vw;gLj;j KaYk; muR Gypfspd; $l;LKaw;rp
vd;Nw Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. rHtNjr r%fk; ,yq;ifapd; Rdhkpf;Fg;gpd;dhd kPl;rpg; gbKiwia> rkhjhdg; Ngr;RthHj;ijia kPs Muk;gpg;gjDlDk; gbKiwia njhlUtJlDk; gpd;dpg; gpize;jnjhd;whfNt ghHf;fpwJ.
,uz;L jrhg;jq;fshf Aj;jj;Jf;Fl;gl;L kPs;FbNaw;wk;> Ntw;wpl FbmkHTf;fhf fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ngUksT cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiuf; nfhz;Ls;s tlfpof;F khfhzq;fspy;> mopTfspy; ngUk; gFjp ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. rkkhd vz;zpf;ifapy; jopoH> K];ypk;fs;> rpq;fstHfisf; nfhz;Ls;s fpof;F khfhzk; tpNrlj;Jtk; kpf;fJ. mjd; fyg;Gj; jd;ik nghUe;jpa ,dq;fspd; $l;likf;Fg; Gwk;Ng Gypfs; fpof;F kfhzj;ij jkJ ghuk;ghpa jkpoH jhafk; vd chpik NfhUfpd;wdH. ,yq;if murpd-hy; nry;yKbahj> tpLtpf;fg;glhj gpuNjrq;fs; vd miof;fg;gLk; Gypf-spd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fspy; Rdhkp kpf Nkhrkhd mopTfis Vw;gLj;jp cs;sJ.
Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH> Aj;jj;jhy; rpd;dhgpd;dkhf;fg;gl;l ,e;j khfhzq;fis kPsTk; fl;bnaOg;g ,yq;if muRf;Fk; GypfSf;Fk; rHtNjr r%fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU xw;Wikia Vw;gLj;jty;y rpf;fyhd Ntiyj;jpl;lj;Jf;$lhf gy Kaw;rpfs; nra;ag;gl;ld. epWtd kag;gLj;jg;gl;l xU Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij tsHj;njLg;gjw;fhd murpdJk;> Gypfsp dJk; ,ayhikapd; fhuzkhf> ,k; Kaw;rpfs; vt;tpj ntw;wpfisAk; nfhz;Ltutpy;iy. Gypfs; rHt-Njr epjp cjtpahsHfsplkpUe;Jk; Nkiyehl;L muRfsplkpUe;Jk; Neub ahf rHtNjr epjpiag; ngw xU fl;likg;ig Kd;itj;jdH. ,e;efHit> jkJ kj;jpa murpd; mjpfhuj;ij flg;gjw;Fk; jdpehl;Lf; Nfhhpf;ifia epWtdkag;gLj;jTkhd xU je;jpuk; vd muR fUjpaJ.
Gypfspd; jiytH NtYg;gps;is gpughfud; ,we;Jtpl;lhH> flw;Gypfspd; gphpTfs; ghhpa Nrjj;Jf;Fl;gl;L tpl;ld vd;w tje;jpfshy;> muRf;F rhH-ghf> Kd;dH ,Ue;j ,uhZt kw;Wk; je;jpNuhghahPjpahd rkepiyia> Rdhkp jw;NghJ khw;wpaikj;J tpl;lnjd;w xU fUj;J Rdhkp Vw;gl;L rpy thuq;fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ. mj;jifa vjpHghHg;G muR kw;Wk; Gypfspil-Naahd xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd jpl;lj;jpid tbtikf;f cjtpaJ. ,yq;if gilap-dUk; GypfSk; tlfpof;F gpuNjrq;fspy; kPl;G kw;Wk; epthuz gzpfspy;
xUtUf;nfhUtH cjTtjw;fhd jd;dhu;tj; jsj;ij Vw;gLj;jp> XH xd;wpize;j gilahf jd;dpaf;fkhf nray;;gLfpd;wd vd;w mwptpj;jy;> ,Ujug;G xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd Cf;fk;> tYitf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. fskl;l xj;Jiog;igAk; xd;wpizitAk; xU cj;jpNahfG+Ht Ntiyj;jpl;lkhf cUkhw;wp vLg;gJ ,U rhuhUf;Fk; xU rthyhfNt ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.
Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd gb Kiwia epHtfpg;gjw;F> mjpfhuk; xd;WFtpf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;nghd;iw cUthf;Ftjd;%yk;> muR> mur cs;Suhl;rp jpizf;fsq;fis myl;rpak; nra;Js;sJ. Rdhkp> ehl;bd; murpay; rl;lG+Ht mjpfhuj;Jld; njhlHGila gpugy;aq;fspd; mOj;jq;fshy;> jtpHf;fKbahjgb mjpfhu xd;WFtpj;jiy mbf;Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sJ. mj;Jld; ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fSf;F cldb cjtpia toq;Ftjw;fhd gutyhf;fg;glh fl;likg;gpd; nfhs;jF jpwdw;w epiyikiaAk; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sJ. nfhOk;gpy; cs;s mjpfhu gPlk;> jdJ mjpfhuj;ijAk; chpiki-aAk; fiue;JNghfr; nra;jjd; tpisthf khfhzrigf;F chpa mjp-fhu gutyhf;fj;ij nfhLj;J tUfp wJ. mNjNtis khfhz rigfspd; tYT+l;ly;> gyg;glj;jYf;Fk; vjpuhf ntw;wpfukhf jilia Vw;gLj;jpAk; cs;sJ.
njhlu;e;J nfhs;ifapy; Vw;gl;l Njhy;tpahdJ K];ypk;fspd; Nfhgj;Jf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;Ws;sJ. fpof;F khfhz K];ypk; r%fj;jpdH ghhpa mopTfSf;Fk; ,og;Gf;fSf;Fk; Mshf NeHe;Js;sJ. MapDk; mur cjtp kpfTk; FiwthdjhfNt cs;sJ. mur ae;jpuj;jpd; tpidj;jpwd; ,d;ik> kpfTk; Mskhf gpsTgl;Ls;s K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; gytPdk; ,uz;LNk fhuzkhAs;sd. K];ypk;fs; jk;kPjhd jpl;lkpl;l gugl;rkhfNt murpd; nray;glh epiyf;F tpahf;fpahdk; nfhLf;fj; njhlf;fp cs;sdu;. mur mikg;Gf;fs; nghJthf ghjpf;fg;gl;l jkpo; rNfhjuu;fSld; gzpGhpe;J tUtJk;> ,Ujug;GNk mur Gypfs; nghJf;fl;likg;Gf;fhd Ngr;RthHj;ijapy; K];ypk; murpay; jiytHfis cs;thq;fj; jtwpai-kAk; NrHe;J jhk; xJf;fg;gl;ljhf K];ypk;fis czur; nra;Js;sJ.
muR> Gypfs; ,uz;LNk> ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpfhuika KbntLj;jiyAk; Nky; kl;lj;jpypUe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; kdpj Nea jiy aPLfisAk; neUf;fkhf gpd;gw;Wgit. ,j;jifa mur - ika mZFKiw ahdJ> kdpj Nea cjtpfspd; kl;by; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fs; ,aq;F epiyaw;W nksdkhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;gtHfshf fUj Kw;gLfpwJ. muRk; mt;thNw GypfSk; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fis fye;jhNyhrpf;fhJ> Fwpg;gpl;l fiuNahu vy;iyf;Fs; tPLfis kPsf;fl;Ltjw;Fj; jiltpjpj;jJ ,jw;F xU rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. muR 100 kPw;wH fiuNahu jil vy;iyia
,d Kuz;ghL> ,yq;if muR
kw;Wk; Rdhkp [aNjt caq;nfhl
rHtNjr cjtpfis ngwTk; gad;gLj;jTkhd xUq;fpizg;G jpl;lk; xd;iw fz;Lgpbg;gjpy; muRk; jkpoPo tpLj iyg; GypfSk; fLikahf Nghuhbf; nfhs;Sk; Ntis> ,yq;ifapy; Rdhkpf;Fg;gpd;dhd tpilaq;fshtd> ehl;bd; murpay;kl;l rpf;fy;fisAk; gpur;ridfisAk; jPtpug;gLj;jp cs;sd. epjHrdkhd ,ul;il muRf; fl;likg;ig nfhz;l xU ehl;Lf;Fs;> xU Kuz;ghL – rkhjhdk; - czHjFjpwd; nfhz;l kPl;rpj;jpl;lk; xd;iw cUthf;FtJ rhj;jpakh?
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if30
mwptpf;f GypfNsh gy gbfs; NkNynrd;W 300 kPw;wH fiuNahu jil vy;iyia mwptpj;Js;sdH. ,it ed;Nehf;Filajhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> vy;iy tyaj; jil nfhs;if vd;gJ> jkJ tho;tpaYf;fhd [PtNdhgha nghUl;fis> cgfuzq;fis Vw;fdNt ,se;Jtpl;l kf;fspilNa gaj;ijAk; Ngur;rj;ijAk; cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,yq;if muNrh my;yJ jkpo; rKjhaj;jpd; gpuhe;jpa murpay; %yq;fNsh nfhs;if jpl;lkplypy; nghJkf;fis fye;jhNyhrpf;Fk; vz;zf;fUitNah> fl;likg;igNah> gbKiwiaNah nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ njspT.
rptpy; r%f gjpypWg;G mur jpwdpd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd; wJ:
Gypfs;> jkJ kdpjNea nraypaf;fg; gphpthd jkpou; Gdu;tho;Tf; fofj;Jf;F cjTk; tz;zk; jkJ cWg;gpdHfis mzpjpul;Ltjd; %yk; jkJ ,uhZt El;gj;Jld; mtrufhy epiyf;F gjpypWj;Js;sdH. Mdhy; murpd; gjpypWg;Ngh kpfTk; tpidj;jpwdw;wJk; nkJthdJk; MFk;. mur epHthf ,ae;jpuk; mNdf khf nraypoe;jpUe;j Ntis> jdp gpui[fSk;> gpui[fs; FOf;fSk;> mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fSk;> mdHj;jk; Vw;gl;l xUrpy kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fs;> capH jg;gpatHfSf;F czT> cil jq;Fkplk; mspg;gJ> kPl;Gg;gzpfis xOq;FgLj;JtJ> vr;rq;fis Jg;guT nra;tJ> capH jg;gpNahiu NjLtJ> ,we;jtHfis fz;Lgpbj;J ey;ylf;fk; nra;tJ ,g;gb Vuhskhd gzpf-spy; <Lgl;ldH. muR NeubahfTk; cldbahfTk; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; NjitfSf;F gjpypWj;jpUf;ff;$ba Nkw;F> njw;F khfhzq;fspy;> mur ,ae;jpuk; mNdf re;jHg;gq;fspy; mbkl;l kf;fis mila Ie;J njhlf;fk; VO ehl;fis vLj;Js;sJ. cs;SH mjpfhhpfis NeHKfk; fz;lNghJ mtHfs; jhkhfNt Kd;te;J vt;tpj Kd;Kaw;rpfspYk; <Lgl kpfTk; jaf;fj;Jld; ,Ue;jij ntspg;gLj;jpdu;. murplkpUe;J fz;ldj;ijf; nfhz;Ltuty;y jtW fis jhk; ,ioj;JtpLNthNkh vd;w gaNk ,jw;F fhuzk; vd njhpj;jpUe;jdH.
rptpy; r%f KbntLj;jyhdJ mur Jiwapy; Fiwthf fhzg;gLk; nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ikapd; gykhd
mk;rq;fis nfhz;bUe;jJ. mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fspNyh mur Jiw apd; rl;lG+Ht xOq;F tpjpfspd; neUf;Fthuq;fs; vJTkpd;wp gzpahsH-fisAk;> jd;dhHtj; njhz;lHfisAk; xUrpy kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fs; NritapyPLgLj;j KbAk;. mtHfshy; jdpegH njhz;lH Kd;tUjiyAk; jdpahH cjtpfisAk;$l ngw;Wf;nfhs;sKbAk;. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ,j;jifa nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ik> murrhHgw;w epwtdq;fs; kPjhd murpd; tpkHrdj;Jf;Fk;> Coy;> xUq;fpizg;gpd;ik> jpl;lkplg;glhj NeHjd;ik nfhz;l ji-yapL Nghd;wtw;Wf;F murhHgw;w epwtdq;fspdJk; jdpegHfspdJk; nraw;ghLfs; ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wd vd thjpLk; Clfj;JiwapduJ gfpuq;f tpkHrdj;Jf;Fk; toprikj;jJ. mtHfs; rptpy; r%f epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; ehl;bd; Njrpa ghJfhg;ig mr;RWj;Jfpd;wd vdTk; Fw;wk; Rkj;jpdH. ,f; Fw;wr;rhl;lhdJ Gypfs; ,uhZt Aj;j jsghlq;fs;> cgfuzq;fis epthuzg; nghUl;fs; vd;w NghHitapy; nfhz;L nrd;WtpLtH vd;w re;Njrfj;jpNyNa vOe;jJ.
Rdhkpg; Nguoptpw;fhd gjpypWg;Gf;fSk; Njf;fepiyapy; cs;s rkhjhd Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; Kd;Ndw;wKk; neUf;fkhf xd;Wld; xd;W gpd;dpg; gpize;Js;sd. Rdhkp Nguoptpw;fhd tpidj;jpwd;kpf;fJk; Ngz;jFepiy nghUe;jpaJkhd gjpypWg;Gf;fs;> murpay; ,d gpoTfSf;;fg;ghy; ,zf;fg;ghl;il fl;b vOg;GtijAk; mt;thNw mjpfhug;gutyhf;fy; rk];;b Kiw Nghd;witw;iw eilKiw ajhHj;jj;Jf;F nfhz;L tUtijAk; Ntz;b epw;fpd;wd.
kPs; fl;Lkhdg; gbKiwap y; nghJkf;fspd; gq;Nfw;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jk; kWrPuikg;G ,y;yhky;> ‘Nky;kl;lj;jpypUe;J tUk; kPs; fl;Lkhdq;fSf;F’ gue;j mstpyhd vjpHg;G ,Uf;Fk;. ghjpg;Gw;Ws;s r%fq;fs;> Vw;fdNt epthuzg; nghUl;fs; tpilaj;jpy; mjpfhhpfSf;Fk;> rl;lG+HT mjpfhu gPlj;jpd; tpidj;jpwdpd;ikf;Fk; vjpuhf NghHf;nfhb cah;j;;jj; njhlq;fptpl;ldH. Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdk; vd;gJ ntWkNd fl;llq;fis fl;LtJk;> tPjp mikg;gJk; nghU shjhu cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis Vw;gLj;JtJk; khj;jpuky;y. jPBnud iftplg;gl;L Mjutw;w epiyf;F
js;sg;gl;ljhf czUk; fpl;lj;jl;l xU kpy;ypad; kf;fspd; r%fq;fs;> r%f tho;T> [Pthjhuk; vd;gdtw;iw kPsf; fl;b vOg;GtJld; njhlHGgl;lJ. ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; ,t;tpilaq;fspy; nray;gLepiy gq;Nfw;gtHfshf ,y;iynadpy; kPs;fl;Lkhdg; gbkiw Kw;WKOjhf [dehaf kuGf;F Kuzh-djhf ,Uf;Fk;.
muRf;Fk; GypfSf;Fkpilapy; cs;s Kl;Lf;fl;ilia tpyf;Ftjw;F> rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;> muRf;Fk; GypfSf;Fkpilapy; “Aj;jKk; rkhjhd czHjF epiyAk;” vDk; jj;Jtj;jhy; topelj;jg;gLk; xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd xU jpl;ltiuig Kd;itj;Js;sdH. mtHfs;> Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdk;> kPs; GdUj;jhuzj;ij Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPl;rp> kPs;GdUj;jhuzk; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; ,izf;Fk; Njitia Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp Nfhbl;L fhl;bAs;sdH. ,U jug;gpdUf;Fk; ,ilapy; Ngr;RthHj;ijf;$lhd cj;jpNahfG+u;t nray;jpl;ltiuG ,jw;F mtrpakhAs;sJ. Vnddpy;> ,Ujug;ghUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,uhZtk; njhlHghd tpilaq;fis tiuaiw nra;tJk;> Kiwahd cld;ghlhd Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jk;> ,Ujug;G xj;Jiog;gpd; jd;ik> tisT RopTfs;; midj;ijAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F NghJkhdjy;y vd;gij fhl;bAs;sJ.
rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;> gpd;tUk; Nfhl;ghLfspd; mbg;gilapy; Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd GdHtho;T kPs;fl;Lkhdk; vd;gd mika Ntz;Lk; vd thjpLfpd;wd.
Rdhkpia ntWkNd ,aw;if mop-thf khj;jpuk; ghHf;fg;glf; $lhJ. epthuz> kPs; GdHepHkhz gzp fs;> ,d Kuz;ghl;ilAk; rkhjhd Ngr;RthHj;ij gbKiwiaAk; ftdj;jpnyLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
jkpo;> rpq;fs> K];ypk; r%fj;jtHfs; midtUk; rk-khf elhj;jg;gLtJld; mtHfsJ gq;Nfw;G Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
caphpog;G> mopT vd;gdtw;iw Nehf;Fifapy;> tlfpof;F kh-fhzk; cjtp ngWtjpy; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
muRk; rHtNjr r%fKk; Rdhkpf;Fgpd;dhd gbKi-wapy; Gypfspd; gq;fpid ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky; tplhJ mtHf-Sldhd gq;FjhuH epiyia cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.
muRk; GypfSk;> murpay; gq;Fnfhs;sYf;fhdnjhU Gjpa gb-Kiwia Muk;gpf;f> Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd #oiy gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. kdpj Nea <lhl;lg;gq;F nfhs;sypy; Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;F rkhe;jukhd xU cj;jpNahf G+Ht cld;ghl;il vl;Ljy; ,d;wpaikahjJ.
[aNjt caq;nfhl: nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; murpay; tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; nghJ nfhs;iffSf;fhd gPlj;jpd; jiytUk;> “nghypl;b” rQ;rpifapd; MrphpaUk;> ,yq;if r%f tpQ;Qhdpfs; xd;wpaj;jpy; jiytU khthh;. kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected] (ePz;lnjhU fl;Liuapd; RUf;fNk ,f;fl;Liu) online at: www.fmreview.org/pdf/uyangoda.pdf
,d Kuz;ghL> ,yq;if muR kw;Wk; Rdhkp
Aj;jk; rpijj;j
,yq;ifapy;
mur ,uhZt
epiyfis
Ak; Vida
gpuNjrq;fisAk;
R+s Gijf;fg;
gl;bUe;j fz;zp
ntbfis
Rdhkp mbj;Jr;
nrd;W
[jhf;fpaJ.
Gijf;fg;
gl;bUe;j
fz;zp
ntbfis
Rdhkp
mbj;Jr;nrd;W
[jhf;fpaJ.
Paul
Jeffr
ey/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if 31
Rdhkp mbj;J Kjy; ,U thuq;fspd; gpd;dH> kdpj Nea
mikg;Gf;fshd ,yq;if muR> jk-poPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs;> cs;@H kw;Wk; rHtNjr mtrufhy gjpypWg;G mzpfs;> fpof;F khfhz efukhd kl;lf;fsg;gpd; nghJkf;fs; MfpNahH czT tpdpNahfj;jpYk;> jq;Fkplk;> kUj;Jt KjYjtp vd;gdtw;wpYk; ftdk; Ftpj;jd. gaq;fu mDgtq;fisAk; ghupa ,og;Gf;fisAk; re;jpj;jpUe;j tsHe;NjhH rpWtHfsJ kdtLf;fs;> ghjpg;Gf;fisf; ifahStjw;fhd Njit> cs;@H cseyg; gzpah-sHfis NeHKfk; fz;l rHtNjr gj;jpupifahsHfshy; cldbahf Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ..
kpfg; nghUj;jkhd csr; r%fj; jiyaPLfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; NtWgl;Lf; fhzg;gl;ld. csr; r%f Ntiyfspy; Kd; mDgtNkh my;yJ njhlHNgh nfhz;buhj cs;@H mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;> ,yq;ifapy; NtW ghfq;fisr; rhHe;j ,j;JiwrhH MHtyH FOf;fs; vd;gd Rdhkpapy; capH jg;gpg; gpioj;NjhUf;F csey cjtp toq;Ftjpy; MHtkha; ,Ue;jdH. cs;@upy; Vw;nfdNt gzpahw;wpa XH rpy csey cjtpahsHfSf;Fg; Gwk;ghf> ,j;jifa NritahdJ> ehl;bd; Vida ghfq;fisr; NrHe;j FOf;fshNyh my;yJ XH rpy ehl;fs; gapw;rp ngw;w jd;dhHtj; njhz;lHfshNyh toq;fg;gl;ld. FLk;gq;fisAk; tPLthry;fs; njhopy; JiwfisAk; ,oe;j kf;fSf;Fk; jw;fhypf Kfhk;fSf;Fs; Klf;fg;gl;Ls;stHfshfj; jk;ikg; ghHg;gtHfSf;Fk;> jkJ mDgtq;fisAk; czHTfisAk; csey cjtpahsHfsplNkh my;yJ ,j;Jiwapy; jpwd;fisf; Fiwthff; nfhz;ltHfsplNkh gfpHtnjd;gJ cs uPjpapy; gpuNahrdk; kpf;fnjhd;W vd;w fUj;J gutyhf vq;Fk; fhzg;gl;lJ..
,j;jifa ghHitahdJ> NgudHj;jk; epfo;e;j ,U thuj;jpNyNa> ,lk; ngaHe;j kf;fSld; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; csey cjtpahsHfspd; rpwpa mzpfs; gzpf;fkHj;jg;glf; fhuzkhapUe;jJ. mbf;fb ,lk; khWk; rdf; $l;lj;jhYk;> kpf Nkhrkhd Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; epthuz cjtpfshYk;> kpjkpQ;rpa rd neUf;fb> ,lneUf;fb vd;gdtw;whYk; Kfhk;fspy; gzpf;fkHj;jg;gl;l FOf;fs;> jkJ fijfisr; nrhy;yp MWjy; ngw Ntz;Lnkdj; Jbj;j gjfspg;G nfhz;l ngUk; vz;zpf;ifahd kf;fSlNdNa ePz;l jkJ gzpNeuj;ij nrytpl Ntz;b ,Ug;gjhf vg;NghJk;
mwpf;ifapl;ldH. ,Ug;gpDk; ,g;gzp mkHTfs; jdpegHfSf;F Mokhd cjtpaspj;jYf;Fk; njhlHr;rpahd re;jpg;Gf;fSldhd cjTjYf;Fk; tha;g;gpid toq;fpd. ,j;jifa mDtgq;fs; csey cjtpahsHf-spdJ tpuf;jp> NrhHT> fisg;G Nghd;w czHTfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr; nrd;wd.
Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH gy tUlq;fshff; fhzg;gl;lJk;> Aj;jr; #o;epiyf;Fs; ,k; khtl;lj;jpy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJkhd csr;r%fj; jiyaPLfis mKy;gLj;jpa epWtdq;fSk; jd-pegHfSk; Nkw;Fwpj;j mZFKiwf;F Kw;WKOtJk; kWjiyahdN-jhH mZFKiwiag; gupe;Jiuj;J te;jdH. NgudHj;ijj; njhle;j fhyg;gFjpapy; toikahf ,lk;ngWk; cjtpaspf;Fk; mbg;gil tbtkhd ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fsJ r%f kw;Wk; nghUl; Njitf-isf; ftdj;jpy; vLg;gij ,e;jg; ghHitf; Nfhzk; Kd;Dupikg;gLj;jpaJ.
ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jhkhfNt jkJ mDgtq;fisAk; f];lq;fisAk; gw;wpa fUj;jhliy Muk;gpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> Mjuthd nrtpkLj;jy; kw;Wk; cldpUj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;tJ Cf;fkspf;fg;gl;lNghjpYk;$l> Muk;gj; jiyaPlhf ghjpg;Gw;NwhUf;F csey cjtp MNyhrid toq;Ftjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; vJTk; Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,j;jifa ghHitahdJ> khtl;lj;jpy; Vw;nfdNt ngwg;gl;l gzprhH kl;byhd mDgtj;jhYk; Njrpa kw;Wk; rHtNjr topfhl;ly;fshYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
,t; mZFKiwahdJ> cseyr; rpfpr;iraspf;Fk; nray;ghl;Lj; jd;ikia Fiwthff; nfhz;lnjd tpahf;fpahdk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. cjhuz-khf> iftplg;gl;l rpWtHfSld; gzpGu-pAk; epWtdq;fs;> ,j;jifa rpWtHfis Vida FLk;g cWg;gpdHfSlNdh my;yJ mr;rpWtHfSf;F ed;F gupl;rakhd guhkupg;ghsHfSlNdh kPs ,izf;fg;gLk; Kaw;rpia Nkw;nfhs;tH. Kfhk;fSf;Fs; gz-pGupAk; rpy mikg;Gf;fs;> ngz;fs;> rpWtHfs; ghypay; J];gpuNahfj;Jf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLk; tpilaj;jpy;> Kfhk;fSf;Fs; ghJfhg;ghf epj;jpiu nra;tjw;Nfh my;yJ Fspg;gjw;Nfh nghUj;jkhd xU ,lj;ij cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ngz;fspd; gpur;ridfs; kl;by; gjpypWg;gH. Vi-datHfs; epthuzk;> el;l<L> tjptplk; ngWjy;> kw;Wk; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu
mjpfk; ftiy nfhs;sTk; epr;rakw;w jd;ikia cUthf;fTk; nra;aty;y gpur;ridfSld; njhlHGgl;l ngh-wpKiwrhh; jfty;fis njspthf vOj;J %yk; ntspg;gLj;j mur mjpfhupfSf;F mOj;jk; nfhLg;gH. rpWtHfs; kl;byhd mNdf ji-yaPLfs;> mtHfs; ghlrhiyf;F kPsTk; nry;yNth my;yJ ,yFgLj;jg;gLk; tpisahl;L nray;ghLfspy; gq;Fgw;wNth mtHfSf;F Nji-tahd nghUs;rhH cjtpfis cld; toq;Ftjd; Clhf mtHfsJ md;whl tho;tpw;fhd xU fl;likg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;ljhf tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
xUq;fpizg;gpw;fhd Njit
kl;lf;fsg;G kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;gpd; csr; r%fj;Jiw tpupthf;fk; ngw;W mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;y> epjp toq;FdHfs; cjtp epWtdq;fspd; jiyaPL(intervention) msit tp];jupf;f neUf;fb nfhLj;jdH. mj;Jld; ngUksT Gjpa nraw;ghl;lhsHfSk; fsj;jpy; Fjpj;jdH. gy;NtWgl;l mKyhf;fy; epWtdq;fSk; Fwpf;fg;gl;l xU kf;fs; $l;lj;Jld; Ntiy nra;tjw;fhd MHtj;ij ntspf;fhl;Ltjpy; xUtH xUtiu Ke;jpf; nfhs;s Kw;gl;ljdhy; Kuz;ghLfSk;> cld;ghbd;ikAk; ngUkstpy; cUthfpd. cjhuzkhf>
xU Fwpf;fg;gl;l Kfhkpy; Vw;nfdNt tpisahl;L Kw;w mZFKiw nfhz;l Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; xU epWtdk; ,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf ,d;DnkhU epWt-dk; mq;F mNj khjpupahd epfo;r;rpj;; jpl;lj;ij nra;a Kw;gLtijf; $wyhk;. cs;@H epiyik> nfhs;jFjpwd;> Njitg;ghLfs; gw;wpa jfty;fisg; NghjpasT nfhz;buhj epiya-py; ntsp ehl;bypUe;Njh my;yJ nfhOk;gpypUe;Njh tpkhdk; %yk; tUk; gapw;WdHfSk; cjtpahfr; nraw;gLk; gzpahsHfSk; fhzg;gl;ldH.
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; xU xd;wpize;j csr;r%f Jiwia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy;> cyf kl;lj;jpYk; ,yq;ifapYk; r%f Ntiyf;fhd gy;tifg;gl;l nfhs;if – Nfhl;ghL> eilKiwrhH mZFKiwfs; xU ghupa rthiy Kd;dpWj;JfpwJ. cs;@upYk; rHtNjr kl;lj;jpYk;> fsj;jpy; cs;s rr;ruTj; jd;ik nfhz;l fUj;jhly;fs;> xU xw;iw nray;jpl;lg; gpur;ridf;Fs;NsNa tpj;jpahrkhd ghHitf; Nfhzq;fisAk; mZFKiwfisAk; cs;thq;fp cs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk;> kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;Jf;Fs;> csr; r%fr; nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd; gue;j xd;wpizthdJ gpupe;J epw;gij mDkjpg;gijf; fhl;bYk;> tYt+l;lg;gl;l> ,j;jifa mZFKiwnahd;iw mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; mtrpakhdnjd;Nw gLfpwJ. jw;NghJ> csr; r%fr; nrayz-
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd csr; r%f Ntiy gw;wpa gpujpgypg;G Mde;j fygjp
,yq;ifapy;> rHtNjr njhlHg+lfq;fspdJk; cjtp epWtdq;fspdJk; mf;fiw ntspg;ghl;bdhy; ngUk-stpy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; kdpjNeag; gjpypWg;gpy;> csr; r%f NeH jiyaPL xU Kd;Dupik mk;rkhf khwpaJ. jiyaPLfs; kpf tpiuthf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; xUq;fpizT kpfTk; gytPdkhdjhf ,Ue;jJld; Rdhkpf;F Kd;dhd Aj;jj;Jld;; njhlHGgl;l csr; r%f epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J fw;w ghlq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gltpy;iy.
,yq;ifiar; R+oTk; ,Ue;J fw;w fbd
ghlq;fs; cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if32
pf; FOthy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s vz;zf; fUthf;f Ntiyj;jpl;ltiuG gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.1 cs;@upYk; rHtNjr kl;lj;jpYk; toikahff; fhzg;gLfpd;w Nghf;Fg; Nghd;Nw> r%f mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; Nrit toq;fy; rhHe;j kdey mZFKiwf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU “,U $whf;fiy” typAWj;Jtij jtpHg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. cs;@H tsg; gw;whf;Fiw cs;s xU #oypy;> mJTk; Fwpg;ghf kpfg;ghuJ}ukhd ,lH> neUf;fb epiyapy; cs;s jdpahl;fSf;fhd csey cjtpaspf;f Ntz;ba #oypy;> jw;NghJ fpilf;ff;$ba Nritfs; midj;ijAk; mzp jpul;b tYg;gLj;JtJ xU eilKiw ajhHj;jk; nghjpe;j mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.
jw;NghJ khtl;lj;Jf;Fs; fpilf;ff;$ba csr; r%f NeH jiyaPLfs; gw;wpa cjhuzq;fs; vd;gd jd;dhHtj; njhz;lHfshy; tpgupf;fg;gLk; mDgt tpguzq;fs;> jdpj;jdpahf csey cjtp ngWNthupd; csey mkHTfs;> csg; gpzpf;Fl;gl;ltHfSf;fhd csr; rpfpr;ir> taJ KjpHe;jtHfSf;fhd Xa;T Neu fye;Jiuahly; FOf;fs;> Rdhkpg; gaq;fs; gw;wpa fye;Jiuahly;fs;> eilKiwr; rhj;jpak; nfhz;l jfty; cjt-pfs;> fhzhkw; NghNdhHfisf; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fSf;fhd FLk;gr; re;jpg;G Nghd;wtw;iw jk;kfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sd. mj;Jld;> gphpf;fg;gl;l rpWtHfisj; jw;fhypf jj;njLj;J guhkupf;Fk; xOq;Ffs;> rpWtHf-sJ njupTfSf;fika neUq;fpa cwtpdHfsplj;jpy; tply; vd;gdtw;Wld; Kfhk;fSf;F ,lk;ngaHe;Js;s gps;isfSf;fhd rPuhd tpisahl;L nraw;ghLfs;> td;Kiw> ghypay; ,k;irfspd; kl;byhd gaq;fisAk; mghaq;fisAk; ePf;Fk; tz;zk; kyry $lk; kw;Wk; FbePH vd;gdtw;wpd; miktplj;jpd; kl;by; gps;isfSlDk; ngz;fSlDk; fye;jhNyhrpj;J KbntLg;gij cWjp nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfs; vd;gdTk; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. MrpupaHfs;> Rfhjhug; gzpahsHfs;> r%f
ikag; gzpahsHfs;> jd;dhHtj; njhz;lHfs; Nghd;NwhHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfs;> mit xOq;fhf tbtikf;fg;glhkNyh my;yJ epiyj;;jF epiy nfhz;ljhf ,y;yhkNyh ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mit ngupa tpilakhfNt cs;sd. cjtpr; Nritfs;> gapw;rp Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; ,uz;LNk juj;jpd; kl;bYk; tpisTj; jhf;fj;jpd; kl;bYk; NtWgl;ldthf cs;sd. ntspapypUe;J ce;jg;gl;L> Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ra rPuhf;fy; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l csr; r%f Nritfspd; tpdpNahfj;jpd; ajhHj;jij ghHj;jhy;> NtW khw;W topfs; VJkpy;yhjJ NghYs;sJ. MapDk; khtl;lj;Jf;Fs; Ntiyia Muk;gpg;gtHfSld; Mf;f g+Htkhfj; njhlHGgl;L ,aq;Ftjw;F ,J xU topahfNt cs;sJ.
Fzkhf;fYk; MNuhf;fpakhf ,Uj;jYf;Fkhd epGzj;Jt kw;Wk; ghuk;gupa mZFKiwfs; rpyN-tis xd;Wld; xd;W nghUe;jhj R+o;epiyahdJ> Kw;W KOjhd ngWkhdj;ijAk; Ntiyj;jpl;l tiuG-fisAk; nghUe;jr; nra;a ty;y mZF Kiwfis ,izg;gJ gw;wpa Neupa ftiyia Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sd. epGzj;Jt NeH jiyaPl;bd; mtruj; jd;ikf;Fk; fpuhkpa my;yJ ghku ghHitf; Nfhzj;Jf;FkpilNaahd gjl;lk;> Rdhkpg; Nguoptpd; kl;by; epGzj;Jt NeH jiyaPl;Lf;F khj;jpuk; rhHghdjhf jw;NghJ jPHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jukhd csr; r%f Nrit-fis cUthf;FtJ> guhkupg;gJ> epiyj;jFepiy nfhz;lJk; r%fg; gz;ghl;baYf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdJkhd NeH jiyaPl;il ,dq; fhz;gJ Nghd;w rthy;fspd; kl;by;> ,yq;ifiar; #og; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l - kpff; fLikahff; fw;Wf; nfhz;l ghlq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. epjpaspj;jy; neUf;Fthuq;fs;> ,yq;ifapy; csr;r%f epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa Kd;dwpT ,y;yhj Mszpapdupd; gilnaLg;G> cs;@H epWtdq;fspd; Mtzkhf;fy; ,d;ik my;yJ epWtdk;rhH epidT>
gy fyhrhug; ghq;fhd csr; r%f Nrit-fis cUthf;Ftjpy; mHg;gzk; Nghjhik vd;gd ,j;jifa Gwf; fzpg;G fhuzpf-sha; mike;Js;sd. “ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fshy; Kfk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ghupa capHr;Nrjk;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; ,lk; ngaHjy;> [Pthjhu mopT> r%fg; ghj;jpuk; Vw;wypy; jlq;fy;> rp-WtH gphpgly; Nghd;wd ePbj;Jr; nry;Yk; ,dKuz;ghl;Lf; fhyj;jpy; mDgtpf;fg;gl;ldtw;wpd; kPs; tUifahfTk; mNj Nghd;w ,og;Gf;fshfTk; cs;sd” vd;w xU “czHe;J nfhs;Sjiy” jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s Rdhkp NguzHj;jj;jpd; toikf;F khwhd ,aw; jd;ikahff;$l ,J ,Uf;fyhk;. epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;rhH gjpypWg;Gf;fspd; tpisTg;gad; jhf;fj;ij guPl;rpj;Jg; ghHg;gjpy; ,Ue;Jk; gpd;ida ifahs;jYf;fhd fpuh-kpa eltbf;ifapy; ,Ue;Jk; rpyNtis
gpuNahrdkhdnjhd;W ngwg;;glyhk;. “kpf tpiuthf> Fiwe;j Ntfj;jpy;” vd;w gz;G> Rdhkp ghjpj;j kf;fshy; ngwg;glf;$ba jukhdJk; cupaJkhd Nritfis toq;Ftjpy; kpjkpQ;rpa nghUj;jg; ghq;fhf njd;gLfpwJ. Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; ngauhy; NeH jiyaPL nra;Ak; ntspahupd; mHg;gzq;fs;> cjtp Njitg;gLgtHfSf;F njhlHr;rpahd xj;jpirthd NeH jiyaPLfis toq;Fk; MHtj;jpd; kl;by;> jpl;lkplTk; xUtH xUtUld; xUq;fpizf;fg;glTk; Njitahd epWtdq;fspd; tpopg;GzHthy; topelj;jg;gLtJld; tYg;gLj;jg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;. mdHj;jk; Vw;gl;L rpy khjq;fspNyNa NeHj; jiyaPl;Lf;fhd ePz;l fhy mZFKi-wia nfhz;Ls;s Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs;> tpisTj; jhf;fj; jpwdpd; kl;bYk;> mtw;wpd; Nritfspd; epiyj;jF epiyapd; kl;bYk; gyhgyd;fis Vw;nfdNt mWtil nra;fpd;wd.
Mde;j fygj>p “jiyaPL” vd;w rQ;rpifapd; MrpupaUk; ,yq;ifapd; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ,aq;Fk; The Man-grove, csr; r%f cjtp kw;Wk; xUq;fpizg;gpw;fhd tiyaikg;gpd; MNyhrfUk; xUq;fpizg;ghsUkhthH. ,izaj;jsk;: www.themangrove.blogspot.comkpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected],f;fl;LiuahdJ> “Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd csr;r%f Ntiy: ,yq;ifapd; fpof;F kl;lf;fsg;gpy; Nritfs; toq;Fjypy; rthy;fs;”> Mde;j fyg;gjp> “jiyaPL”> ntspaPL 3> ,y 1> gf;fq;fs; 65–69> 2005 vd;gjd; gpupj;njLg;ghFk;. NeH ji-yaPL vd;gJ xU rQ;rpif vd;gJld;> cs MNuhf;fpak;> csr;r%f Ntiy> Aj;jk; ,lk;ngWk; ,lq;fspy; csey cjtpaspj;jy; Nghd;wdtw;wpd; mwptpid gutyhf;fk; nra;aTk; mHg;gzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlHG: Guus van der Veer, Editor-in-chief, Interven-tion, Tulpenburg 31, 11�1 NK Amstelveen, The Netherlands. Fax: +31 20 ��� ���0 kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
1. www.forcedmigration.org/psychosocial
`pf;fLitf;F
mUfpy;> gpah-
bfk fpuhkj;jpy;>
XH jhAk;
mtSila
,U kfd;fSk;
Rdhkpapy; ,we;j
me;j rpWtHf-
spd; rNfhjup
kw;Wk; ghl;bapd;
GijaYf;F
nkOFtH;j;jp
Vw;Wfpd;wdu;
UN
ICEF
/HQ
0�-0
1�3/
Sheh
zad
Noo
rani
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if 33Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd csr; r%f Ntiy gw;wpa gpujpgypg;G
gpd;tUk; fijfs;> Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd 5 khjq;fspy;
,lk;ngaHe;NjhuhYk; cjtpg; gzp
ahsHfshYk; fl;LiuahsHfshYk;
$wg;gl;l mDgtq;fspd; $l;L
Kd; itg;gpid jUfpd;;wd. mit>
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,yq;ifapy;> rpy
[PtNdhghak; rhHe;j gpur;ridfis>
Fwpg;ghf Nghl;bapy; mike;j gd;Kf
epWtdq;fspd; kdpjNeag; gzprhH jiy
aPLfs;> njhopy;Jiw kPs; fl;Lkhdk;>
fl;llq;fs; mikf;f Kbahj fi-
uNahu jil nra;ag;gl;l tyak;>
mur e~;l<l;ilg; ngWtjpy; jhkjk;
Nghd;wtw;wpd; jhf;fk; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wd.
xU kPdtH
Rdhkpapy; mope;j glnfhd;wpd;
nrhe;jf;fhuuhd xU kPdtH ePq;fs;.
ruhrupahd kPd;fisg; gpbf;f cjTk;
xU rpwpa fl;Lkuk;jhd; mJ.
cq;fisg; gzf;fhudhf;f mJ
NghJkhdjy;y> Mdhy;> nfsut-
khf thor; nra;aty;yJ. muR
cq;fsJ glif khw;wPL nra;a Kd;
te;Js;sJ. Mdhy; khjf; fzf;fhf
ePq;fs; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwPHfs;.
xd;WNk elf;ftpy;iy. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd; rHtNjr kdpjNea
cjtp epWtdq;fs; te;jd. rpyH
r%ff; fye;Jiuahly; gq;Nfw;ig
toq;fp cq;fsJ Njitfs; ve;j
tifapy; rpwg;ghf epiwNtw;wg;glyhk;
vd mwpa tpUk;gpdH. VidatHfNsh
vt;tsTf;nft;tsT tpiuthfj; jkJ
epjpia nfhLj;J Kbj;Jtpl KbANkh
mt;tsT tpiuthf nfhLj;Jtpl
tpUk;GtJ Nghd;W njd;gl;lJ.
mtHfs; cq;fSf;F xU flidNah>
epjp md;gspg;igNah> $l;Lwtpy; xU
gq;ifNah$l jutpUk;gpdH. xU ep-
Wtdk; khw;wPlhf xU fl;L kuj;ijNa
ju tpUg;gkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dnkhd;W
xw;iwf;fhy; glnfhd;iw jUfpd;wJ.
,d;Dnkhd;Nwh ntsp ,izg;gpae;jpug;
glnfhd;iw jUfpd;wJ. mJ kPd;
gpbg;gjw;fhd xU njupT khj;jpuNk.
ePq;fs; jr;rdhfNth NkrdhfNth
njhlHe;J ,Uf;fyhk;. my;yJ fzp-
dpia ,af;Ftjw;F fw;fyhk; my;yJ
rHtNjr cjtp epjp te;J Nruj;
njhlq;fpajpypUe;J gy;fpg; ngUfpa
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd cs;@H epWtdq;fSld;
Nghl;bNghl ,d;DnkhU cs;SH
epWtdj;ijj; njhlq;fyhk;. ePq;fs;
vd;d nra;tPHfs;? cq;fs; glF
NrjkhdJ Mdhy; mt;tsT ngupjhf
,y;iy. cq;fs; ez;gHfs; ngupa glF-
fis ,ae;jpuq;fSld; Nfl;fpd;wdH.
mtHfs; njhiy J}uk; nrd;W NkYk;
mjpfkhd kPd;fisg; gpbf;f ,aYk;.
Vw;nfdNt kpjkpQ;rpa kPd;gpbahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;snjd rpyH $Wfpd;wdH.
mt;thnwd;whYk; ,g;NghJs;s
ifapUg;ig ngUftplhky; khj;jpuk;jhd;
nra;Ak;. Mdhy; mJ ,dptUk;
fhyj;jpy;jhd; elf;Fk;. ,d;W ePq;fs;
cq;fs; tho;f;ifiaf; nfhz;L elj;j
Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; Nghl;bahsuhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
xU tpahghup
Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH ePq;fs; xU tpah-
ghup. Vioay;y Mdhy; ed;whf
,Ue;jPHfs;. cq;fSila tPl;il
,oe;jPHfs;. NguopT ,lk;ngw;w rpy
jpdq;fspy; murhy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l
100 kPw;wH fiuNahuf; fl;llj;Jf;fhd
jil tyaj;Jf;Fs; cq;fs; epyk;
tUtjhy; mtHfs; cq;fis kPs
Tk; tPL fl;l mDkjpf;fg; Nght
jpy;iy. cq;fSila tpahghuk;
e\;lg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mJ iff;fhR tpah-
ghuj; jd;ik nghUe;jpaJ. cq;fs;
nrhj;Jf;fis <L itj;J ngUksT
cjtpia ,uty; ngw;Ws;sPHfs;.
,g;NghJ cq;fs; tPL Ngha;tpl;ljdhy;
cq;fsJ fldpd; kl;by; tq;fp Kd;
jil Nghl;Ls;sJ. cq;fsJ tPl;LWjp
Rdhkpahy; ms;Sz;L Nghdjhy; ePq;fs;
e\;l<L NfhUtjw;F ,ayhky; ,Uf;fg;
NghfpwJ. cq;fs; cupj;Jlikia
epiy epWj;Jjy; xU ePz;l kw;Wk;
rpf;fy; tha;e;j gbKiwahf cs;sJ.
VidatHfisg; Nghy cq;fSf;Fk;
fhg;GWjp ,y;iy. cq;fsJ tPl;ilf;
fl;lf; $batuhf ePq;fs; ,Ue;jhy;$l>
mg;gb cq;fshy; nra;af; $bajhf
,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. Vndd;why; Rdh
kpapy; ,Ue;J cs;SH fl;llg; nghUf-
spd; tpiy mjpfupj;Js;sJ. mj;Jld;
fl;Lkhdg; gzpahsHfspd; rk;gsk;$l
%d;Wklq;fhfpAs;sJ. fiuNahug;
ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; mg;gpuNjrq;fspy; 1981
,y; ,Ue;J fl;llq;fspd; fl;Lkhdj;ij
jil nra;jpUg;gjhy; cz;ikapy; ,e;j
epyk; cq;fSf;Fupajpy;iy vd;W muR
nrhy;fpwJ. (fle;j 20 tUlq;fshf
mr;rl;lj;jij mKy;gLj;Jtjpy;iy
vd;W mtHfs; njupT nra;jpUe;j
NtisapYk;$l) fpzWfspy; cs;s
ePH ctHg;ghf ,Ug;gjhy; jpdKk;
jz;zPH vLj;J te;J tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl
Ntz;ba rJg;G epy tpspk;gpYs;s xU
epyg;gug;gpy; mikaTs;s ,ilj;jq;fy;
tPl;Lf;F khw;wg;gl fhj;Jf; nfhz;L>
ePq;fs; ,g;NghJ ghlrhiy tpisahl;L
ikjhdj;jpy; cq;fs; FLk;gj;Jld;
tho;fpwPHfs;. fle;j 15 tUlq;fshf
Aj;jj;jhy; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH thOk;
jw;fhypf tPLfSf;F mUfpNyNa
,k;Kfhk; cs;sJ. cs;SH mur
epHthfj;jpD}lhf toq;fg;gLk;
khjhe;j cyH czT> rpW njhifg;
gzk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ngw;W tUfp
wPHfs;. capH jq;fp tho ,J NghJ
khdJ. NtW vq;fhtJ ePq;fs;
,lk;ngaHe;jhy; cq;fSf;F ,lk;
,Uf;Fk;. tpw;gid rhHe;j mwpT Gjpjhf
VNjh xd;iw Muk;gpf;f cq;fSf;F
cjTk;. Mdhy; ePq;fs; nrd;why;>
mur cjtpNah Ntnwe;j cjtpNah
cq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;fhJ. cq;fs;
nrhe;jf; fhypy;jhd; tho Ntz;Lk;.
XH cs;SH epWtdNkh> rpwpa tpahghu
Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpf;f $ba tifapy;
xU Row;rpKiwf; fld; jpl;lj;ijNah
my;yJ ,ytr epjp toq;fy;
jpl;lj;ijNah Muk;gpf;f cs;snjdf;
$WfpwJ. mtHfs; ML> Nfhop
tsHg;gjw;fhd xU rpy Mapuq;fisg;
gw;wpNa NgRfpd;wdH. ePq;fNsh Ie;J
cjtpahsHfis itj;Jf; nfhz;L
50>000 &gha; jpdg; Gus;Tld; njhopy;
nra;jtH.
XusT mDgtKk; jpwDk; nfhz;l njhopyhsp
ePq;fs; XusT mDgtKk; jpwDk;
kpf;f fl;llj; njhopyhsp. Rdhkpf;F
Kd; rpwpJ f];lk;. mUfpy; cs;s
efUf;F jpdKk; Ntiy Njbr; nry;y
Ntz;b ,Ue;jJld;> rpy rkak; Ntiy
fpilg;gJk; mupJ. Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd; jpB-
nud fl;ll Ntiyf;F ngUk; fpuhf;fp.
jw;fhypf tPL> ,ilj;jq;fy; tPL>
epue;ju tPnld;W xNu fl;ll Ntiy.
ghlrhiy fl;lg;gl> tPjpfs; jpUj;jg;gl>
ghyq;fs; fl;lg;gl Ntz;bAs;sd.
Cjpak; jpBnud caHe;Jtpl;lJ.
Ntiyf;Fj; jl;Lg;ghNl ,y;iy.
cq;fs; tho;tpy; ele;j tpilaq;fspy;
Rdhkpjhd; kpfr; rpwe;jJ. Rdhkp
Ald; njhlHGgl;l fl;ll Ntiyf;F
ehshe;j Cjpakhf 750 &ghit
ngw;w gpd; cq;fshy; vg;gb ,dp 250
&ghTf;F jpUk;gTk; nry;y KbAk;?
jw;NghJs;s epWtdq;fs; toq;Fk;
njhopy;rhH gapw;rpapdhy; cUthFk;
Nkrd;> jr;Rj; njhopyhspfspd; njhopy;
re;ijapdhy; cUthFk; jhf;fk; vg;
gb ,Uf;Fk;? Nguoptpw;Fg; gpd;dhd
kPs;fl;Lkhdj; njhopw;Wiw ePz;l fhy
mgptpUj;jpia J}z;Lkh? my;yJ kdpj
Nea epWtdq;fs; kPsTk; jpUk;gpr;
nry;Yk;NghJ ,itnay;yhk; jpBnud
epd;W tpLkh?
“NkypUe;J fPo;Nehf;fpa” xU gpujpgypg;Gg; gjpypWg;G vd mNdfuhy;
fUjg;gLk;> 100 kPw;wH vy;iyf;Fs;
fl;Lkhdq;fisj; jilnra;Ak; 1981
fiuNahug; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lj;jpid
mKyhf;Ftjw;fhd murpd; jPH-
khdk;> jkJ nrhe;j ,y;yq;fis
kPsTk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd Rdh
kpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gy;yhapuf;
fzf;fhdtHfspd; tha;g;ig
cWjpahf jilnra;Js;sJ.
rpwe;j #oy; Rw;whly; thjj;ij
ntspg;gLj;JtjhfTk; (rJg;G epyj;
jhtuq;fisAk; kzy; NkLfisAk;
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,yq;ifapy; [PtNdh-
ghak; irkd; `hup];
,yq;ifapy; [PtNdhghak; vd;gJ Muk;gj;jpy; Rdhkpapd;
mopTfshy; kl;Lk; ghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. khwhf murp-
dJk; kdpjNea cjtp epWtdq;fspdJk; Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd NguopTg; gjpypWg;Gr; rhHe;j nfhs;iffspdhYk;
eilKiwfspdhYk;$lg; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if3�
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,yq;ifapy; [PtNdhghak;
kPs cUthf;f Cf;fg;gLj;jy;) mgha
fhy epiy Maj;jk; rhHe;j thjj;ij
ntspg;gLj;JtjhfTk; (vjpHfhyj;
jhf;fj;Jf;nfjpuhfg; ngsjPfj; jil
tyaj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; ,yF
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiyiaf; Fiwj;jy;)
,f; nfhs;if fhzg;gl;lhYk;>
nrhj;J cupj;Jilikf;Fk;
[PtNdhghaj;Jf;Fkpilapy; cs;s
gu];gu cwT> gue;j mstpy; fz;Lk;
fhzky; tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. fiuNahuf;
fl;Lg;ghl;bd; rl;l g+Htj; jd;ikia
Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;Jk; cWjp Nghd;w
Mtzq;fs; ,d;wp> cupik Nfhuy;
gpur;rpid Nghd;wtw;wpilNa> ,oe;j
nrhj;Jf;fhd mur el;l <l;ilg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; vd;gJ ePz;lJk;
rpf;fy; tha;e;j gbKiwiaf;
nfhz;lJkhw;NghYs;sJ. mg; gbKiwf;
fhyk; KOtJk; [PtNdhghak; epWj;jp
itf;fg;gl;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fgl;l kpf Nkrkhd
jug;Gf;fspy; kPdtr; r%fKk; xd;W.
kPdtHfspd; ,oe;j [Pthjhuj;ij
kPs capHg;gpj;njLg;gjhf muR
cWjp toq;fpapUe;j Nghjp
Yk;> e\;l <L toq;fypy;> mur
rl;lg+Ht xOq;fikg;Gf;Fs; epyTk;
nfhs;jFjpwd; Nghjhik> kpfg;ghupa
jhkjj;jf;F ,l;lr;nrd;Ws;sJ. kdpj
Nea cjtp epWtdq;fs;> ,e;j
,ilntspf;Fs; jk;ik cl;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s> cs;Ns mbnaLj;J
itj;Js;sdH. cs;SH kw;Wk; rHtNjr
epWtdq;fshy; mzpjpul;lg;gl;LtUk;
kpfg; ghupa epjpapd; fhuzkhf> ,r;
#o;epiy kpfTk; Nghl;bkpf;f #oyhf
khwpAs;sJ. kPd;gpbg; glF tplak;
ntspg;gLj;JtJ Nghd;W> [Pthjhu
cgfuzq;fspd; gy;tifg;gl;ldtw;iwf;
toq;Ftjd; %yk>; cjtpnra;tw;fhd
XH ,lj;ijg;gpbf;f cjtp epWtdq;fs;
Nghl;bapy; Fjpj;Js;sd. FWfpafhy
mbg;gilapy;> mj;jifa eilKi-
wfs; [PtNdhghaj;jpd; kl;by;> kPdtr;
rKjhak; cldbahf jkJ njhopiy
kPsj; njhlq;Ftjw;$lhf> xU gy-
idf; nfhz;bUf;fyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk;
ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy;> Ngz;jF
epiyf;Fupa [PtNdhghaj;jpd; tpisT-
fs; tpguPjkhdjhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
cs;SH cwTfspy; Vw;glf; $ba
jhf;fq;fis Ma;T nra;tjpy;
r%fq;fspd;; fye;jhNyhridAk;
gq;Nfw;Gk; ,y;yhky;> me;je;j Ntis
fspy; Njitahd cgfuzq;fis
khj;jpuk; toq;FjyhdJ> re;ijg;gLj;jy;
kl;by; nfhs;jFjpwd;> #oy; vd;gd>
fpilf;ff;$ba kPd; ifapUg;Gf;fspd;
kpf tpiuthd tPo;r;rpf;F toptFf;fyhk;.
,J ePz;l fhyj;jpy; [PtNdhghaj;ij
ghjpg;gJld;> Vw;nfdNt ,d uPjp
ahd NkhjYf;Fs;shfp ghjpg;Gw;w
r%fq;fSf;fpilapy; [PtNdhghak;rhH
gjl;lq;fis mjpfupf;fTk; nra;Ak;.
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,yq;ifapy;
ntd;wtHfs; Njhw;wtHfs; vd
,Ujug;ghH cz;ikapy; cs;sdH.
XusT mDgtKk; jpwDk; nfhz;l
fl;llj; njhopyhspapd; rk;gsk;
fhl;LtJNghd;W> fl;Lkhdj;
njhopw;Jiw Kd;ndg;NghJk; fhzhj
fpuhf;fpia ,g;NghJ mDgtpf;fpwJ.
E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd Gjpa rHtNjr
kdpjNea epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;Fj;
Njitahd Nghf;Ftuj;J
jq;Fkplk; Nghd;w Gjpa tHj;jfKk;
cUthfpAs;sJ. Jujp];ltrkhf>
jw;fhypf Kd;Ndw;wj;ij rpyUf;F
toq;fpAk; kWjiyahf nghUl;fSk;
NritfSk;> VidatHfSf;F neUq;f
Kbahj epiyia Vw;gLj;jpAk;>
,j;jifa Gjpa tha;g;Gf;fs; ,ul;ilf;
$H tpspk;Gfisj; jhq;fpa ths;
Nghd;Ws;sJ.
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd [PtNdhghak;>
mur nfhs;ifapYk; epHthfj;jhYk;
jiyaPl;Lf;Fs;shfp cs;sJ. mj;Jld;
mit njhopyhsH Njitg;ghLfspd;
efHT> tHj;jf Kd;Dupikfs;> Nfs;tp>
ghjpg;Gw;w ,lq;fspy; ,aq;Fk; rHt-
Njr cs;SH epWtdq;fspd; ngUf;fk;
vd;gdtw;whYk; jiyaPl;Lf;Fs;shfp
cs;sJ. nfhs;iffSk; eilKiw
fSk; cs;SH gq;Nfw;G> KbntLj;jy;
#oy; ghJfhg;G> NgudHj;jk; njhl-
Hghd ,yF mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL
epiyia Fiwj;jy; Nghd;w
mk;rq;fSld; xd;wpizfpd;wd vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;JtjD}lhf [PtNdhghag;
gpur;ridfs;> cupa fhyj;jpy;> ,irTj;
jd;ikAld;> je;jpNuhgha rkepiyj;
jd;ikAld; ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba xU
mtruj; Njitg;ghLs;sJ.
irkd; `hup];> xf;];NgHl; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; mfjpfs; fw;if epiyaj;jpy; gl;lg;gpd; gbg;gpid mz;ikapy; epiwT nra;jtH. mj;Jld; fpwp];bad; va;l;,d; ,yq;iff;fhd Rdhkp epfo;r;rpj; jpl; xUq;fpizg;ghsUk;$l. kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F
mUfpy;>
,yq;ifapd;
tlf;Nf
njhiytpYs;s
XH fpuhkkhd
gUj;jpj;Jiwapy;
XH kPdtd;
jd;Dila
tiyia
jpUj;jg;ghu;f;fpwhu;
Paul
Jeffr
ey/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if 3�
mJ 2004 khh;fop 25k; jpfjp
fhiy 9.30> Nkhp njNu]h
,uhN[];tud; xU ,uhZt thfdk;
neUq;FfpwNjh vd vz;zitj;j
xU ghupa rj;jj;ij nrtpAw;whs;.
mtsJ rikayiwapy; rikj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jNtis> ntsp apy; cWkpf;
nfhz;L Nghpiur;rYld; $f;Fuy;fSk;
mtyq;fSk; Nrh;e;J te;jNghNj Nkhp
kpfTk; gjl;lj;Jf;Fs;shdhs;. xU if-
apy; jdJ kfs; ee;jpdpia Jhf;fpa
tz;zk; vd;djhd; elf;fpwnjd;W mwpAk;
MtYld; ntspNa te;jhs;.
ntspapNyh> Ml;fs; $l;lnkhd;W kpf
tpiuthf nghq;fp vOk; rKj;jpuj;ij
Nehf;fp Xbf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. rpy
fzg;nghOJfspy; gjpide;jb caukhd
miynahd;W ,b Kof;fj;Jld; mtis
neUq;Ftij Nkhp fz;lhs;. mtsJ
tPl;Lf;F Kd;dhy; cs;s fl;llk; Kjy;
jhf;fj;ij vjph;T nfhz;L ghJfhf;f>
Nkhp ee;jpdpia ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;L
vjph;j;jpirapy; Xbdhs;. kuzj;jpd; ,Wjpg;
gpbapy; Nkhp jg;g vj;jdpj;jhs;. Mdhy;
KjyhtJ miy Vw;fdNt mtis
jdf;Fs; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. mtis
Ak; ,uz;L taJ kfs; ee;jpdpiaAk;
ghJfhg;G Ntypapd; fk;gpr; RUspy;
J}f;fp vwpe;jJ. xU ifahy; jdJ
Foe;ijia gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L> kWif
ahy; $hpa Kidfs; jhq;fpa fk;gpr;
RUis gw;wpf;nfhz;L> Nkhp miu kaf;f
epiyahdNghJ miy kpf tpiuthf
gpd;thq;Ftij czh;e;jhs;.
fisg;GlDk; fhaj;JlDk;> Nkhp
ee;jpdpia ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;Jf;F
vLj;Jr; nrd;w gpd; jdJ MW taJ
kfid Njlj; njhlq;fpdhs;. filrp
ahfj; jhd; mtidf; fz;l ,lj;Jf;F
elf;fj; njhlq;fTk;> ,uz;lhtJ miy
kPz;Lk; ghJfhg;G Ntypapd; fk;gpr; RUspy;
mtis J}f;fp tPrpaJ. ‘vdJ clypy;
xU Jsp$l czh;itj;jhDk; ehd;
fhztpy;iy’ ‘vdJ kfdpd; ,wg;gpd; Ntjidg;gaj;ijj; jtpu vdf;F vJTNk
njhpatpy;iy| mts; $wpdhs;. Rdhkpap-
dhy; xU kzp Neuk; ,Oj;Jr;nry;yg;gl;;l
Ntis jhd; fz;l. rhk;gy; th;zj;ijAk;
kbj;Jr; RUl;b cs;spOj;j flypd;
cs;shoj;ijAk; epidTf;fiof;fpwhs;.
mtSf;F NkNy ‘fWg;Gk; mil
fhf;Fkhg;Nghd;w thdKk;> njhlh;e;J
nfhl;bj; jPh;f;Fk; kioAk;|| mts;
tpghpj;jhs;.
rpy kzpfSf;Fg; gpd; mtsJ
FLk;gk; mtis fz;Lgpbj;jNghJk;
itj;jparhiyf;F rpfpr;irf;F
nry;y kWj;jhs; Nkhp. vdJ kfdpd;
ghJfhg;Gj;jhd; vdf;F Kf;fpakhd
tpilak;. ‘mtd; ghJfhg;ghAs;shd;;
vd mwpe;J nfhs;s Kjy; vd;dhy;
mt;tplj;ij tpl;L efu Kbatpy;iy||
mts; tpsf;Ffpwhs;. Rdhkp Vw;gl;l
fhiy Ntisapy;> ghlrhiyapy; Gfyplk;
mile;jjd; gpd; md;W gpd;Nduk; Nkhpapd;
kfd; ,y;yk; jpUk;gpdd;;. xU epk;kjp. Nkhp
gpd;dh; gUj;jpj;Jiw itj;jparhiyf;F
vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lhs;. Nkhrkhd
cuha;Tf; fhaq;fs;> fPwy;fs;> Kwpe;j
if fhy;> ntl;Lf;fs; ,g;gb Vuhskhd
itAld; Nkhpf;F VO ijay;fSk;
Nghlg;gl;ld.
‘vdJ fzth; ,g;NghJ njhopy;
Ghptjpy;iy ts;sk; Nrjkhfptpl;lJ||
Nkhp $wpdhs;. Rdhkp mbj;jjpypUe;J
vkf;nfy;yhk; flYf;F mUfpy; kPz;Lk;
thor; nry;y gakhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
‘ehk; ,g;NghJ 750 kPw;wh; fiuf;fg;ghy; cs;Nshk;. ,J ,dptUk; Rdhkpf;F
ghJfhg;ghdJ|| Nkhpapd; FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk;
mth;fisg;Nghd;w Vidath;fSf;Fk;
fhyk; fhykhf [PtNdhghaj;Jf;F
ek;gpapUe;j rKfj;jpdUf;Fk; kPsTk;
nry;tjh ,y;iyah vd;gJk; jkJ
md;id ,y;yk; vd ngUikAld;
mioj;j me;j fliy tpl;Ltpl;L>
ek;gfukhd tUkhdj;Jf;fhd topia
Jwe;Jtpl;L> flw;fiuapypUe;J njhi-
ytpy; Mdhy; ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpy; jq;fp
tpLtjh vd;gJ nghpa kdf;Fog;gkhd
tplak;.
A+.vd;.vr;.rp.Mh; ,d; gjpypWg;G
Rdhkpapd;gpd; A+.vd;.vr;.rp.Mh;
160>000f;Fkjpfkhd kf;fSf;F 500>000
kjpfkhd czT my;yhj epthuz
nghUl;fis tpdpNahfk; nra;Js;sJ.
,tw;wpy; gpsh];bf; rPw;> $lhuk;> Esk;G
tiy> rikayiwg; nghUl;fs;>
ghj;jpuq;fs;> thspfs;> rth;f;fhuk;>
Jtha;> cilfs; kw;Wk; Vida
mbg;gil nghUl;fs; rpythFk;. mj;Jld;
,ilj;jq;fy; Kfhk;fs; mikf;Fk;
,yq;if murpd; xUq;fpizg;G Kaw;rpf;F
cjTtjpy; vkJ Kd;dzp ghj;jpuj;ij
rpwg;ghf Kd;ndLj;Js;Nshk;. gUt
fhy kio tUKd;dh; jw;fhypf tPLfs;
mikj;jy;> mtrufhy jq;Fkplq;fs;
kw;Wk; kPs; fl;Lkhdk;
vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd ,ilnt-
spfis ,izf;Fk; tz;zk;
gq;fhsp epWtdq;fSld;
nray;gl;Ls;Nshk;.
A+.vd;.vr;.rp.Mh; gadhspfSlDk;
,yq;if mjpfhhpfSlDk; kdpj
Nea mikg;Gf;fSlDkhd
fye;jhNyhridf;$lhf
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,ilj;jq;fy;
ciwtplq;fs; rhh;e;j gytif
topfhl;ly; Mtzq;fisAk;
fzpg;gPl;L gl;baiyAk;
cUthf;fp cs;sJ. A+.vd;.vr;.
rp.Mh; fl;ba tPLfs; kw;Wk;
Fbakh;T kf;fs; kd;wk;
vd;gd ghy;epiy> Rw;whly;
kw;Wk; Vida mf;fiwnfhs;
tplaq;fs;> Rdhkpahy;
,lk;ngah;e;jth;fSf;fhd
,ilepiy kw;Wk; epue;ju
tPlikg;Gf; fl;Lkhd
Ntiyapd;NghJ ftdj;jpy;
vLf;fg;gLk; vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jpd.
,j;Jiwia xUq;fpizg;gjw;Fg;
Gwk;Ng> aho;g;ghzk;> mk;ghiw
khtl;lq;fspy; A+. vd;.vr;.
rp.Mh; 3>000 jw;fhypf tPLfis
MWkhjq;fs; fle;Jk;> gaj;Jf;F Kfk; nfhLj;jy;ypd;ld; n[gPy;];
1987 ,y; ,Ue;J> ,yq;ifapy; 21 tUlk; njhlh;e;j rptpy; Aj;jj;jpy; ,lk;ngah;e;NjhUf;F A+.vd;.vr;.rP.Mu; ghJfhg;Gk; cjtpAk; toq;fpAs;sJ. Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd kdpj Nea neUf;fbfSf;Fk; cjTk; jdJ ghj;jpuj;ij A+.vd;.vr;.rP.Mh; tprhyg;gLj;jpAKs;sJ.
mk;ghiw> ,yq;if
UN
HC
R S
ri La
nka/
Kar
a W
aym
an
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if3�
mikj;J tUfp wJ. tpj;jpahrg;gLk;
fhyepiy> r%fk; kw;Wk; cs;Sh;
tsq;fs;rhh; fhuzpfspd; epkpj;jk; ,l
mikTfSf;fpilapy; fl;Lkhd khjpupfs;
NtWgLfpd;wd. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; 1408
tPLfs; [{d; 2005 ,Yk;> 2442 ,ilepiy
tPLfs; mk;ghiwapy; nrg;nlk;gh; 2005
,Yk; mikj;J Kbf;fg;gl cs;sd.
mk;ghiwapy; 3 x 4 kPw;wiu nfhz;lJk;
fy;tidl; ,Uk;Gr; rl;lq;fSf;Fs;
mike;j gphpf;fg;gl;l 2 miwfisf;
nfhz;lJkhd ,ilj;jq;fy; tPLfs;
mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it rh;tNjr
kl;lj;jpy; ];gpah; gpukhzq;fs; vdg;gLk;
xOq;Ftpjpfs; $Wk; Ie;J Ngh; nfhz;l
FLk;gnkhd;W tho;tjw;NfJthdJk;$l.
gykhd mbj;jsj;ij nrq;fy; mj;jpthuk;
nfhLg;gJld; Nkw; Rth;fshf xl;Lg;gyif
mikfpwJ. NjitNaw;gbd; ,t; tPLfis
fow;wp ,d;DnkhU ,lj;jpy; kPs;nghUj;j
KbAk;. $iufs; nrg;G Kyhkpyhd
mYkpdpaj; jfLfshy; Mf;fg;gLfpwJ.
jfuj;ij tpl ,J nryT mjpfk;
vd;whYk; mt;tPl;bDs; tho;Nthh; nrsf
hpakhf ,Ug;gij cWjpgg;Lj;Jk; tif
apy; mJ ntg;gj;ij cl;flj;Jtjpy;iy.
nrg;G Kyhkpl;l mYkpdpaf; $iuf;Fk;
Nkw;Rth;fSf;Fkpilapy; ,ilntsp
tplg;gLtjhy; FbapUg;Nghh; Fsph;r;rpahf
,Uf;f Ntz;ba Njit ftdj;jpy;
nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
aho;g;ghzj;jpy; G+h;j;jpahf;fg;gl;lit>
Nkhpf;Fk; fy;yb gUj;jpj;JiwapYs;s
Vida mtuJ r%fj;ijr;
Nrh;e;jth;fSf;Fk;> ghJfhg;ghdJk;
nfsutkhdJk; jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$baJkhd
tPl;il toq;Ffpd;wd. gad;ngWk;
Vida gadhspfspy; Rdhkpapy; jdJ
kidtp> ,ul;ilf; Foe;ijfs;> khkpahh;>
ikj;Jdh;> ikj;Jdp mth;fsJ kfs;
midtiuAk; ,oe;J JaUWk; Nkhpapd;
rNfhjuh; jkpoofDk; xUtu;.
aho;g;ghzj;jpy; kJuq;Nfzpapy; Aj;jj;jhy;
%d;WKiw ,lk;ngah;e;jth; 30 taJ
jkpoofd;. fiuapy; ,Ue;J 50 kPw;wUf;F
mg;ghy; ,Uf;Fk; mth; fpuhkk; 189 Ngiu
Rdhkpf;F gwpnfhLj;J. Rdhkpad;W ‘ghhpa gl;lhR ntbNahir Nghd;W NknyOe;J
te;j rj;jk;|| tPl;Lf;F ntspNa Nfl;lJ
vd me;j xypia jkpoofd; tpghpf;fpwhh;.
tPl;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; ,Ue;j fjT
ad;dy;fis Rw;wp Vw;gl;l ntbg;Gf;fs;
ePiu gbg;gbahf cs;Ns tpl;ld. ‘vd;d elf;fpwJ vd;gij ehd; czUKd;dNu
Rth;fs; cs;Ns rhpe;J ePiu cs;Ns
tpl fzg;nghOjpy; tPl;by; ,Ue;j
midj;Jk; fOtp vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;ldH||
vd tpghpj;jhh;. vdJ khkdhh;
,ul;il Foe;ijfs; ,UtiuAk; gw;wp
,Oj;njLj;jhh;. Mdhy; ePhpd; tpir kpf
gykhf ,Ue;jjhy; mth;fis njhlh;e;J
gpbj;jpUf;f Kbatpy;iy.
jdJ tPl;by; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l xU fpNyh
kPw;wh; kpje;J nrd;W ,Wjpapy; jdJ
,lj;ij kPz;Lk; jkpoofd; mile;jhh;.
Mdhy; cile;J tpOe;j nrq;fw;fs;
mtuJ fhiy cilj;J tpl;ljdhy;
mtuhy; elf;f ,aytpy;iy. khiy
nghyp]huhy; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;L aho;
Nghjdh itj;jparhiyapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lhh;.
gaq;fu nra;jpia mtuJ cwtp
dh; vLj;Jf;$Wk; Kd; jdJ FLk;gk;
vq;Fs;snjd;W mwpahj epiyapy;
thl;by; ,lKk; ,y;yhky; 3 ehs; mq;F
fopj;jpUe;jhh;. ,g;NghJ gaq;fu gak;>
mr;rk;> Jauj;jhYk; NtjidahYk; caph;
jg;gpa vQ;rpNahUf;Fhpj;jhd Fw;w czh;T
kdr;Nrhh;T vd;gtw;why; Cdkhf;fg;gl;l
jkpoofd; ‘Vd; ehd; khj;jpuk; jdpNa caph; jg;g Ntz;Lk;?|| vd tpdTfp-
whh;. xU kPdtuhf jdJ tho;Tf;F
cioj;j jkpoofd; gad;gLj;jf;$ba
Njhzpnahd;iw ,g;NghJ itj;Js;shh;.
JiwKfj;ij jilnra;Ak; cile;j rpi-
jTfis Jg;guT nra;Ak; Ntiy ,g;NghJ
ele;Jnfhz;bf;fpwJ. Mdhy; flYf;F
nry;Yk; Nghnjy;yhk; Jauk; kpF
epidTfs; khj;jpuk;jhd; ,oe;jth;fis
epidT+l;bf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
Rdhkpahy; ehnlq;Fk; ghjpg;Gw;w
r%fq;fspd; ,uz;lf epiyia
,it vjpnuhypf;fpd;wd. ePz;l
fhykhf tho;topj;j rKj;jpuj;jhy;
rpjwbf;fg;gl;lth;fspd; tho;Tf;F cjtTk;
nrtpkLf;fTNk A+.vd;.vr;.rp.Mh; Nghd;w
epWtdq;fshy; ,g;NghJ KbAk;.
ypz;ld; n[gpy;];> nfhOk;gpy; A+.vd;.vr;.rp.Mh;Uld; ,ize;j jfty; mjpfhhp Mthh;. kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected]+. vd;. vr;. rp. Mhpd; Vida Ntiy fs; kw;Wk; ,ilj;jhf;fy; tPLfs; gw;wpa jfty;fSf;F nry;f. www.unhcr.lk
aho;g;ghzj;
Jf;F mUfpy;>
,yq;ifapd;
tlf;Nf
njhiytp
Ys;s XH
fpuhkkhd
gUj;jpj;
Jiwapy; XH
kPdtd;
jd;Dila
tiyia
jpUj;jg;
ghu;f;fpwhu;
UN
HC
R/M
Siv
anes
an
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if 3�MWkhjq;fs; fle;Jk;> gaj;Jf;F Kfk; nfhLj;jy;
1990 fspd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy;> mjpfupj;JtUk; gy;NtW tif
ahd kdpj Nea mtru epiyikfs;> epthuz cjtpaspj;jypd; rpf;fy; jd;ikfspd; tpupthf;fk; Nghd;wdtw;wpd; epkpj;jk; cyf juprd epWtdk; ghupa NguopTfSf;F cldbahf gjpypWf;Fk; jdJ ghzpia khw;wpaJ. mtru fhy epiyapd; njhlf;f Ntisfspy;> mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s gzpahsHfis ,uty; thq;Ftjw;Fg; gjpyhf cldbahf nraw;gl;L gjpypWf;f Ntz;ba ehl;fis ,of;fhky; ,Uf;f> cyf juprd ep-Wtdk;> Kd;$l;bNa NguopTfis vjpHT $wTk;> jFe;j Maj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; kpfg; gue;j mstpyhd mtrufhy epiyikf;F gjpypWf;fTk; jk;ik mHg;gzpj;j xU KO Neu cyfshtpa mjptpiu gjpypWg;G mzpnahd;iw cUthf;fp cs;sJ.
jdJ nfhs;jFjpwdpd; filrp vy;iyf;F nrd;W Rdhkpia guPl;rpj;Jg; ghHf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. “Kjy; 30 ehl;fSf;Fs; ,yq;iff;Fk; Mr;Nrf;Fk; (,e;jNdhrpah) tpkhdk; %yk; 32 njhFjp nghUl;fis ehk; Vw;wpNdhk;” Kd;$l;ba jahH epiynaLg;Gg; gpuptpd; ru;tNjr ,af;FdH ngd;ld; $wpdhH. ,NjNghd;wnjhU ghupa mstpyhd Ntiyia ehk; Kd;dH nra;jpUf;ftpy;iy> mj;Jld; mJ mt;tsT ,yFthdJky;y. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; rl;lg+Ht rptg;G gl;b eilKiwfs; ghupa jil-fis cUthf;fpapUe;jd. mNef khd nghUl;fs; kpf tpiuthf ,wf;fg;gl;L gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;l Nghjp Yk;> Aj;jr; R+o; epiyf;Fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ehLfspy;> ghJfhg;G rhHe;j mgha vjpHTnfhs;sYf;F cjtty;y thfdq;fs;> njhiyj; njhlHG fUtp
fs; Nghd;w rpy Fwpg;gpl;l czTrhuh nghUl;fs;> ,j;jifa rptg;G gl;bf;Fs; rpf;fp> gpd; ePz;l Kaw;rpapdhy;> epW td mYtyHfspd; Ntiy Neuj;ij nrytpl;L mtw;iw efHj;j Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ.
,e;jpa kw;Wk; jha;yhe;J cyf juprd epWtdk;> jdJ ghupa gzp ahsH nfhs;jF jpwDf;$lhf ntsp cjtpfs; ,d;wp cldb gjpypWg;G eltbf;iffspy; jdJ fhj;jpukhd gq;if tfpf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jD}lhf ghupa rHt-Njr Kaw;rp vd;w kl;by; ,yq;if> ,e;NjhNdrpah Nghd;w ehLfspy;> g+uz ftdj;ij Ftpf;ff;$bajhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,yq;ifapy; cyf juprd epWtdj;jpd; Rdhkp gjpypWg;ghdJ> ehl;il ,uhl;rj miy jhf;fp xU rpy kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. cldbahf czT> ePH> cil> gLf;if tpupg;Gf;fs;> gha;> Rfhjhug; nghUl;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw gfpu;e;jspf;fj; njhlq;fpa cs;Su; gzpahsHf-spd; tpidj;jpwidAk; ,uf;fj;ijAk; ghuhl;Ljy; mtrpak;. cyf juprd epWtdj;jpd; 55 tUl tuyhw;wpy; kpfg; ngUksT nfhs;fyd;fspy; cjtpg; nghUl;fs; kpff;FWfpa fhyj;Jf;Fs; nfhz;L nry;y ,tHfsJ tpiuthd nraw;ghLfs; toptFj;jd.
cyf juprd epWtdk; jdf;nfd Kd;$l;bNa nghUs; Nrfupj;J kw;Wk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; epiyaq;fis nld;tH> fNdhtH> gpupd;b]p> Jgha; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,j;jifa trjp tha;g;Gf;fs; cldbahf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; nfd;ah> fdlh> ,e;jpah> ghf;fp];jhd;> jha;yhe;J> mT];jpNuypah Nghd;w ehLf-spy; tpepNahfj;jHfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J
fk;gdpfSldhd Kd;jpl;lkpl;l Maj;jq;fSk; tpLgl;bUe;j Vidatw;iw rPHnra;J ,ilntsp-fis epug;gpd. Kd;$l;bNa epthuzf; ifapUg;Gf;fs; rhHe;j jpl;lkpliy ,af;Ftpj;j ,e;j jpwd; [Pthjhukhd-jhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ ep&gzkhdJ.
ed;F mDgtk; ngw;w gzpahsHf-spd; njhlHGk; gq;fspg;Gk;$l kpf Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahFk;. <uhf;fpy; njhlHr;rpahf Nja;e;JtUk; ghJfhg;G R+o;epiyapd; gpd;dzpapy;> cyf jup rd epWtd epthuzg; gzpahsHf-spd; kuzk; %Nrhtpy; rk;gtpj;jijj; njhlHe;J> Ig;grp 2004 ,y; jdJ <uhf; mYtyfj;ij %bapUe;jJ. Mdhy; kpfTk; mDgtk;kpf;f caH jpwd;kpf;f epthuzg; gzpahsHfs; ghupa nghWg;ig kPz;Lk; Vw;f jahuhf Kd;te;jdH. ,j;jifa mDgtrhyp fs; jk;Kld; ,Ue;j Vida epthuzg; gzprhH tpw;gd;dHfs;> epWtdq;fSlhd cwT njhlHGfis nfhz;L te;jdH. mr;RWj;Jk; mtrufhy epiyikapd; Muk;g ehl;fspy;> mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;> I.eh. mikg;Gf;fSldhd rpwe;j gzpj; njhlHigAk; cwitAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; jpwd; kpf;f tpidj;jpwDld; epthuzj;ij tpepNahfpf;f cjtpaJ.
vjpHfhyk; vd;d?
cyf juprd epWtdk; Mff;Fiwe;jJ 5 tUlj;Jf;F jdJ Rdhkp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis njhlu tpUk;GfpwJ. rpwpa tpahghuj;Jf;fhd rpW tHj;jf mgp tpUj;jp> tPLfspd; kPs; fl;Lkhdk;> tHj;jfk;> tPjpfs;> ghyq;fs;> fiu Nahu gpuNjrq;fspd; Gjpa ePH kyry$l Kiwfs;> ghlrhiyfs;> fpuhkq;fspy; tpupTgl;l rpWtH ghJfhg;G Nghd;wdtw;iw cs;slf;fpa kpfg;gue;j Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mtw;wpy; mlq;Fk;. Kd;ida NguopTfspy; fw;Wf; nfhz;l rpy ghlq;fs; Rdhkp Ntiyj; jpl;lj;jpy; cjtpahf cs;sJ vd;gJ ep&gzk;.1 fle;j 2 tUlq;fspy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l rpWtH ghJfhg;G Kd;tiuT Mtzq;fspd; tpisthf> rpWtH rpNef ikaq;fs; ,yq;if> ,e;jpah> kw; Wk; Mr;Nrapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Njrpa mYtyfkl;l mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj;Jf;Fl;gl;l KbntLf;Fk; gbKiwapDhlhf> Fwpg;ghf ,yq;if ,e;jpahtpy;> tputhd cldb gjpypWg;Gf;Fg; Gwk;Ng vjpH-fhyk; gw;wpanjhU Gjpa ftiy vOe;Js;sJ. ,d;DnkhU ghupa NguopT mz;ikapy; Vw;gLkhdhy; vd;d elf;Fk;? vy;yh epWtdq;fspdJk; kpfr; rpwe;j nfhs;jFjpwdpy; ,Ue;J Mokhf cUntLj;jNj Rdhkp cldb gjpypWg;G Kaw;rpfs;. ,d;DnkhU ghupa mstpyhd> kpf tpiuthd xU mtrufhy epiy ntFtpiutpy; Vw;gl;Ltpl;lhy;> mNefkhd epWtdq;fs;> mJTk; ghupa> ngupa epWtdq;fs; nghUj;jkhd gjpypWg;ig cldbahf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F kpf fbd mOj;jj;ij gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;b ,Uf;Fk;.
];uPy; kj;jpa+]; - cyf juprd epWtdj;jpd; g+Nfhs mjptpiu gjpypWg;G mzpapd; mtrufhy njhlHghly;fspd; KfhikahsH. kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected]
1. See After Action Review (involving World Vision Inter-national, CARE, OXFAM GB and Catholic Relief Services) at www.hmanitarianinfo.org/srilanka/infocentre/referance/docs/Care_Evaluation.pdf
Nritfs; tpdpNahfk; xOq;FgLj;jypy; rthy;fs;];uPt; kj;jpa+];
Mrpa Rdhkpapd; jhf;fk; Kd;ndd;Wkpy;yhjJk; ,jdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfsJ Njitfis g+h;j;jp nra;tjpy;;>
Nritfs; tpdpNahfk; xOq;FgLj;jy; Kfk;nfhLf;Fk;
rthy;fs; nrhy;ypy; mlq;fhjit. Ie;J tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;dH Rdhkp Vw;gl;bUe;jhy;$l> cyf juprd epWt-
dk; ve;jsTf;F tpidj;jpwDld; jw;NghJ nraw;gl;lNjh
me;jstpw;F mJ gjpypWf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jpUf;fhJ.
Stev
e M
atth
ews
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if3�
mtrufhy epiyikapd; Kjy; ehspy; ,Ue;J kl;lf;fsg;gpy;>
rHtNjr Njrpa epWtdq;fs; xd;whf ,ize;jd. xUtH xUtiu Vw;fdNt mwpe;jpUe;jtHfspd; gq;Fgw;wypy; FWfpa Mdhy; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f $l;lq;fs; ,lk; ngw;wd. cld-bj; Njitfshy; J}z;lg;gl;L> thfdq;fs;> epthuzg; nghUl;fs;> gzpahsH vd Vuhskhd tsq;fis epWtdq;fSf;fpilNa gfpHtjw;fhd MHtj;jpypUe;Jk;> Kfk; nfhLj;j Ra mghaj;jpd; J}uj;jpypUe;Jk;> xU $l;bizT ,yq;if kw;Wk; ntspehl;L rfgzpahsHfspdpilNa cUthdJ.
khHfop 30,y;> ePHkl;lk; caHe;jjd; fhuzkhf mk;ghiw ,q;fpdpahfy ePHj;Njf;fk; jpwe;J tplg;gl;L> mjd; KjyhtJ ghr;ry; fiuNahuj;ij Nehf;fp gha;e;J nrd;W ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fis kPz;Lk; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; efu itj;jJ. czTg; nghUl;fs; gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;L te;j ghlrhiyfs; ,lk;ngaHe;j FLk;gq;fspd;> Kfh-
khf khw;wk; ngw;wd. xU thuj;Jf;Fs; kW KiwAk; ePH kf;fSf;nfjpuhfj; jpUk;gpaNghJ> mtu;fs; ga mjpHr;rpapy; NkirfSf;F Nky; Vwpf; nfhs;s Neu;e;;jJ. ehd; mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj> ciy itf;fg;gl;bUe;j Nrhw;Wg; ghidf;Ff; fPo; vhpe;J nfhz;bUe;j neUg;G jpBnud mize;J vq;Fk; ,Us; gutpaJ. vq;F XLtnjd;W vkf;Nf njhpatpy;iy. ehk; ,Lg;Gkl;l ePhpy; mkpo;e;jpUe;Njhk;. ePHj;Njf;fk; cilg;ngLj;J ,d;Dkjpfkhd jz;zPH te;J vk;ik mbj;Jr; nrd;WtpLNkh vd;W gae;J mQ;rpNdhk;. kio njhlHe;J ,iltp lhky; nghope;J nfhz;bUe;j me;j ,utpy; vdJ ,jak; glglj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. vkJ mYyfk; xU epWtdf; fl;llj;jpd; 1k; khb apy; ,Ue;jjhy; ehk; mjp];lrhypfs;. vz;zw;wtHfs;> kpjkpQ;rpa Ml;fshy; epuk;gpapUe;j Kfhk;fspYk; kuq;fSf;Ff; fPOk; rpyNtis nts;sj;jpYk; ,Uf;f> ehk; cliyr; rha;g;gjw;Nfh vk;kplk; gha;fs; ,Ue;jd. Rdhkp ,ijtplg;
guthapy;iy NghYk; vd vkJ gzpah-sHfs; eifr;Ritahf Ngrpf;nfhz;ldH.
,j;jifa #oypy;> mLj;j mjpHr;rp te;jJ. ,aw;ifaplkpUe;jy;y kh-whf vkJ Nkyplj;jpypUe;Nj. vt;tpj fhuzKkpd;wp> vkJ ,yq;iff;fhd mtru epiy mzp xUq;fpizg;ghsH mtuJ flikfspypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;L cldbahf jkJ cilikfis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L nfhOk;Gf;F tUkhW Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;shH vd vdf;Ff; $wg;gl;lJ. Kfhikj;Jtj;ij fye;jhNyhrpf;fhJ> “Kiwaw;w tifapy;” epWtd thfdq;fis gad;gLj;jpaijf; fz;bj;jNjhL> Nkl;L epyq;fSf;F kf;fis ghJfhg;ghf Vw;wp ,wf;Ftjd; nghUl;L epWtd CopaH my;yhNjhiu thfdq;fspy; Vw mDkjpj;jijAk; epHthfk; Rl;bf; fhl;b ,Ue;jJ. ehk;$l xU jd;dhHt njhz;liu (rHt-Njr kl;lj;jpy; mtrufhy gzpapy; NghJkhd msT mDgtKs;s) vk; Kld; ,aq;f mDkjpj;jjd; thap yhf kdpj tsf; nfhs;ifia kPwpAs;Nshk; vd mwpag;gLj;jg;gl;Nlhk;. mj;Jld; mtrufhy epiy rhHe;j epGzHfs; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH vdTk; vkf;Ff; $wg;gl;lJ. Kd; ndhUNghJkpy;yhjthW mtrufhy epiy eltbf;iffSf;F 5 ehl;fSk;
rpwpa kPd; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd
neUf;Fthuj;jpy; erpAz;lJ Ihpd; gpNwrH,yq;ifapy;> gq;Nfw;G kw;Wk; gutyhf;fk; vd;gdtw;wpd;
ngWkhdk; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd mtru tpiutpy; Vuhs-
khd ru;tNjr epWtdq;fshy; gytPdg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
,yq;if>
gs;sj;jbr;
Nridf;F
mUfpy; cs;s
XH mfjp
Kfhkpw;F
ntspapy;>
kf;fs; kPsTk;
nrhe;j
tPLfSf;Fj;
jpUk;gj;
njhlq;F
fpd;wdu;
Paul
Jeffr
ey/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if 39
nghJthf mOf;F Mgj;J
mrpq;fk; vd vz;zg;gLk;
tPl;L gzpahsHfshf gz;iz
njhopyhopfshf tPjpia Jg;GuT
nra;gtHfshfg; Gyk;ngaHe;jtHfisf;
fhzyhk;. ,tu;fs; cupa Kiw
apy; my;yJ Mtzq;fsw;w
Gyk;ngau;e;jtu;fshf cs;sdu;.
Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH jha;yhe;Jf; fiu
Nahu gpuNjrq;fisr; NrHe;j gH-
kpa Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH fl;Lkhdk;
kPd;gpb kw;Wk; cy;yhrhj;Jiw
cs;slq;fyhf gy;tifg;gl;l
jhs; jpwd; Jiwfspy; njhopYf;F
mkHj;jg;gl;ldH. eilKiwapy;>
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT nfhs;ifiag;
nghWj;j tiuapy;> jha;yhe;J mjpf
upfspd; eltbf;ifahdJ gHkpa Gyk;
ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kPJ ghugl;rk;
fhl;LtjhfTk; mtHfsJ mbg;gil
kdpj cupikfis kPWtjhfTk;
,Ue;jJ.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w ehd;F njd;
jha;yhe;J khfhzq;fspy; njhopy;
GupAk; 120>000 gHkpaHfspy;> nkhj;jk;
700 njhlf;fk; 2500 tiuapyhd gHkpa
Gyk; ngaH njhopyhsHfs; Rdhkpahy;
nfhy;yg;gl;Ls;sjhf fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ.
fhaKw;w my;yJ fhzkhw;Nghd
gHkpaHfspd; vz;zpf;if gw;wpa rup
ahd juT$l njsptw;wjhAs;sJ.
rpy mwpf;iffNsh Mf $baJ 4000
NgH fhzhkw;NghapUf;fyhk; vd
Fwpg;gpfpd;wd. Ixvk;> cyf tq;fp> Ieh
mikg;Gf;fs; ,ize;J ij khj;jpy;
nra;j fzpg;gPl;bd;gb jha;yhe;jpy; Rd-
hkpahy; Mff; Fiwe;jJ 7000 gHkpa
Gyk; ngaH njhopyhsHfSk; mtHfis
ek;gpapUe;jtHfSk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldH
vd KbTf;F tuKbe;jJ. njhopy;
Gupe;Jk; tho;e;Jk; te;j gy
Mapuf;fzf;fhd gHkpa njhopyhsHfs;>
gjpT nra;ag;glhjtHfs; vd;gJld;
,jd; tpiothf cj;jpNahf g+Ht
gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kl;by; kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;G
gpah xg;Nuha;
njd; kw;Wk; njd; fpof;F Mrpahtpy; Rdhkp neUf;fbapy; rpf;fpAs;s ngUksT vz;zpf;ifahdtHfSf;F> midj;Jtif kdpj Nea gypypWg;;Gf;fSf;Fk; mbg;gilaha; mikaNtz;ba kdpj cupikfspd; mtrpak; kWjypf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
30>000 NgUf;F czTk; kUe;Jk; toq;f 20 kzpj;jpahy Ntiy ehl;fisr; nryT nra;Js;s Ntis> eltbf;iffis cld; epWj;JkhWk; te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; epGzHfspd; mwpTWj;jy;fSf;fhf fhj;jpUf;FkhWk; Nfl;fg;gl;Nlhk;.
ek;gpf;if gw;wpa gpur;rpid
nghJthfNt> gq;Nfw;G rhHe;j njhiy Nehf;fpdhYk; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj;jpd; ngWkhdj;jhYk; jkJ Ntiyfs; tbtk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd epWtdq;fs; NgRfpd;wd. Mdhy;> cs;SH gzpahsHfs;> cs;SH mwpT kw;Wk; cs;SH kf;fspd; nfhs;jFjpwd; Nghd;w mk;rq;fspy; xU ngupa kdpjNea epWtdk; ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjpy; Ntnwd;d rhd;W ,Uf;f KbAk;. mtrufhy epiy epGzHfs; te;jpwq;fpaJk; mtHf-splk; Vuhsk; tpdhf;fs; njhLf;f tpUk;gpNdd;. ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fshf ,q;F MAj Nkhjy; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;gnjd;gij ePq;fs; mwp tPHfsh? vg;NghjhfpYk; ,lk;ngaHe;J> Nerpj;jtHfis Aj;jj;jpy; ,oe;J> cq;fsJ epyq;fisAk; clikfis Ak; ,oe;J gwpnfhLj;J mDgtk; cz;lh? ,yq;if gw;wpAk;> mjd; kf;fs; gw;wpAk;> MAj Nkhjy; gw;wpAk;> mtw;wpd; r%ff; fl;likg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk;> MAj Nkhjy; gpd;dzp gw;wpAk;> mjpy; mfg;gl;Ls;stHfspd; vjpHT nfhs;sy;> je;jpNuhghaq;fs; kw;Wk; mjpypUe;J kPOjy; gw;wpAk; mtHfSf;F njupahnjd;gJ tpiutpNyNa njspthdJ. Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;NwhH Vw;nfdNt vj;jifa Jauq;fSf;$lhf tho;e;jdH vd;gJ gw;wpa Gupe;JzHit mtHfs; XusNt-Dk; nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;gij mtHfs; Ngrpa tpjk; ntspg;gLj;jtpy;iy.
mtrufhy epiy epGzHfs; te;j tz;zkpUe;jjpdhy;> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd tho;T vd;gJ $l;Lf; ifNaw;G Nghd;W njd;gl;lJ. rpwpa kPd;fs; ngupa kPd;fshy; tpOq;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jd. jkJ Ra eltbf;iffis cij nfhLj;J Muk;gpf;Fkhg;Nghd;W Gjpa epWtdq;fs;
gzpahsHfisj; jpUbajhy; r%f> epWtdf; fl;likg;Gf;fs; jho;j;jg;gl;L fPo; epiyf;Fr; nrd;wd. cs;SH tPl;L thlifr; re;ijapy;> tPl;L thlif jpBnud cr;rj;Jf;Fg; gwe;jJ. ntsp ehl;Lg; gzj;jpd; CLUty; Ntiyj; Jiwr; re;ijia jfHj;jJ. xUrpy ehl;fspNyNa> jhk; gy Mz;Lfshf ,yq;ifapy; Ntiy nra;J tUtJNghd;W epWtdq;fs; Ngrj; njhlq;fptpl;ld. jkJ tpiuthd Muk;gf; fzpg;gPl;bd; gpd;dH> cld-bahf vd;d nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk; vd mtHfs; mwpe;J nfhs;thHfs; vd;W vkf;F cWjpaspf;Fkhg; Nghd;Wk; Ngrj; njhlq;fpdH. mtHfsJ jd;dk;gpf;if %r;ir cs;Ns vLg;gJ Nghd;wJ. xU rHtNjr epWtdk;> %d;W khjj;Jf;Fs; khtl;lj;jpd; midj;J GdHtho;T NtiyfisAk; Kbj;JtpLNthk; vd;W khHjl;baJ.
epthuzg; nghUl;fs; tpiuthfTk; fLk; gugug;GlDk; tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl;ld. rpyNtisfspy; nraw;ifj;jdkhf gadhspfspd; njhifia mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;nghUl;L nghUl;fs; gJf;fg;gl;ld my;yJ nfhl;lg;gl;ld. jkJ ,izaj;jpYk; nra;jpf; Fwpg;Gf;fspYk; epWtdq;fs; ngUikabj;Jf; nfhz;ld. ghtpj;j cilfs; gad;ghl;L uPjp apy; nghUj;jkhditah my;yJ juk;kpf;fdth vd ahUk; myl;bf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ngz;fspd; caH-Fjp fhyzpfSk;> ePr;ry; cilfSk; vt;tpj tpdhf;fSkpd;wp nghjpfspy; gpurd;dkhapUe;jd. jkJ cwtp dH ez;gHfs; tPLfspy; ,Ue;NjhH ft dpg;ghuw;W tplg;gl;l mNjNtis Kfh-kpy; ,Ue;jtHfSf;F kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; cjtpg; nghUl;fis tpdpNahfpf;f epWtdq;fs; tpOe;jbj;Jf; nfhz;L Xbd. ahUf;Fk; Ntz;lhk; vd;W $w tpUg;gkpy;iy. rpy FLk;gq;fs; jkf;Ff; fpilj;j msTf;fjpfkhd czty;yhj nghUl;fis Nrkpj;J itf;f ,lk; ,y;yhJ jpz;lhbdH. tif njhifaw;w tpdpNahfj;jhy; FLk;gq;fSf;fpilNa Kuz;ghLfs; jiy J}f;fpd. jkf;Ff; fpilj;j Gjpa igfs;> Gj;jfq;fs;> nghUl;fs; gw;wp
rpy rpWtHfs; ngUikg;gl;Lf; nfhs;s> xd;WNk fpilf;fhjtHfs; nksdj;jpy; GOq;fpdH. ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;l kUe;Jg; nghUl;fs;> gy;NtW ntspehl;L nkhopfspy; Nygy; nra;ag;gl;L te;J Ftpe;jd. tpj;jpahrkhd kUe;Jfis tpdpNahfpj;j ntt;NtW kUj;Jtf; FOf;fspd; gzpahy; kf;fs; kpjkpQ;rpa kUe;J}l;lj;Jf;Fl;gl;ldH.
gzj;ij nryT nra;tjw;Fk;> nghUl;fis tpdpNahfpg;gjw;Fkhf tpiue;jjpy;> cs;SH kf;fSld; Mwmku ,Ue;J> gps;isfisAk; FLk;gq;fisAk; Njw;wp> mtHfSf;F Njitahd Neuj;jpy; cldpUe;J fly; gw;wpa gag; gpuhe;jpia Nghf;Fk; tz;zk; vjpHf;fUj;Jf;fis ,jkhf Kd;itj;J cjtp mspj;jpl mq;F ahUf;Fk; NeukpUf;ftpy;iy. ,d;DnkhU Rdhkp gw;wpa my;yJ murpd; jpl;lk; gw;wpa gpio-ahd mtru rkpf;iffshy; kf;fs; njhlHr;rpahfj; jhf;fg;gl;lJld;> gaj;jpy; jq;fpapUf;fTk; kd mOj;jj;ijf; $l;bf; nfhs;sTk; toprikf;fg;gl;lJ. ahUk; trpf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhj 100 my;yJ 300 kPw;wH flw;fiuNahu vy;iy tyak; gw;wpa tplak; njsptpy;yhky; ,Ue;jJ. flw;fiuia mz;b tho;e;J te;j kPdtHfs;> jkJ [PtNdh-ghag; nghUl;fSld; gazpf;fNth my;yJ mtw;iwg; ghJfhf;f> ghJfhg;G cj;jpNahf];jHfis Ntiyf;fkHj;jNth Ntz;ba Njitf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. kf;fsJ gpurd;dNkh my;yJ kd xg;GjNyh ,d;wp mtHfsJ tPl;bd; vr;r nrhr;rq;fis cilj;Jj; jfHj;J fiuNahuq;fspy; ,Ue;J rpijTfisj; Jg;guT nra;Ak; ntspahuJ ghj;jpuk;> jhk; Kd;dH Ntiy nra;j> tho;e;j ,lq;fspy; nrhFR n`hl;ly;fs; mikg;gjw;F mgptpUj;jpahsHfs; jpl;lkpLfpd;wdNuh vd;w gaj;ijf; $l;b cs;sJ.
[hpd; gpNurH xU ghupa rHt-Njr epWtdj;Jf;fhf ,yq;ifapy; gzpGupe;jtH. kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
rpwpa kPd; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd neUf;Fthuj;jpy; erpAz;lJ FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if/jha;yhe;J�0
gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kl;by; kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;G
cjtpfspy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fg;gl;ldH
vd;gJk; gpujhdkhd Fog;gj;Jf;Fupa
fhuzpahf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk; gy
milahs Mtzq;fSk; Ntiy
mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fSk; flYf;Fs;
mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;ld.
cjtpg;nghUl;fspy; ghugl;rk;
cjtprhH mk;rq;fspy;; Rdhkpiaj;
njhlHe;J ghuhgl;rk; gaKWj;Jk;
#oypy; gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyh-
sHfs; mtrufhy kdpjNea cjtp
fis ngWtjpy; filrp tupirap-
NyNa ,Ue;jdH. mJTk; mtHfs;
mjw;Fj; jFjpahf ,Ue;jhy; khj;jpuNk
mJ rhj;jpak;. ehl;by; njhlHr;rpahf
,Ue;jtHfs; vd;gij epUgpf;ff; $ba
Gyk; ngaH gzpahsHfs; khj;jpuNk
kdpj Nea cjtpfisg; ngw jFjpah-
dtHfs; vd jha;yhe;J mjphupf-
shy; mwptpj;jy;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld.
ij 2005 ,y; rl;lj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd
Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH r%fq;fs; ki-
yfspy; xspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd.
mNefH fhaKw;wpUe;jJld; grpa-
hy; gytPdKw;Wk; ,Ue;jdH.
rl;lJf;Fg;Gwk;ghd Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH
jha;yhe;J nghJ Rfhjhu
xOq;fikg;Gf;$lhf mtrufhy Rfh
jhu Njitfisf; $l ngw Kbah-
ky; ,Ue;jdH. czTf;Fk; Vida
cjtpfSf;Fk; cs;SH epWtdq;fspd;
jHkj;jpNyNa mjpfk; jq;fp ,Uf;f
Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ.
ghugl;rk; mw;w xU
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;Jf;Fs;> khdplj;
Njitfis g+H;j;jpahf;Fk; kw;Wk;
kdpj nfsutj;ij kPsf; nfhz;L
tUk; mtrpaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
kdpj Nea gjpypWg;G nghJthf
mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; gH-
kpa Gyk; ngaHe;Njhupd; Njitfs;
kl;byhd gjpypWg;G eltbf;iffs;
mtHfsJ Njitfis g+Hj;jp nra;aTk;
,y;iy mtHfsJ nfsutk; kPsf;
nfhz;Ltug;glTkpy;iy. rl;lg+Ht
me;j];J ,Uf;fpwNjh ,y;iyNah
vy;yh kdpj capHfSk; nghUshjhu
r%f cupikfs; cs;slq;fyhf jkJ
midj;J mbg;gil cupikfSf;Fk;
cupj;JilatHfs; vd;gij rHt-
Njr kdpj cupikfs; rl;lk; epiy
epWj;Jfpd;wJ. Rdhkpiaj; njhlHe;J
mtrufhy Rfhjhu guhkupg;igg; ngWk;
gHkpa Gyk; ngaHe;Njhupd; jpwikiag;
nghWj;jkl;by; jha;yhe;J mur jug;G
ifnahg;gkpl;Ls;s r%f ngghUsh-
jhu fyhrhu cupikfSf;fhd rHt-
Njr xg;ge;jj;jpd; 12k; ruj;jhdJ1
caHkl;l cly; cs MNuhf;fpaj;jpd;
caH kl;l milTg; gpukhzj;Jf;fhd
xt;nthUtupdJ cupikiaAk;
kjpf;fpwJ.
kdpj Nea cjtpfs; kWf;fg;gl;ljw;Fg;
Gwk;Ng gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyhspfs;
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyj;jpy; NtW
ghugl;rj;Jf;Fk; J\;gpuNahfj;Jf;Fk;
Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.
fiuNahuq;fspy; ehrg;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;
miyfSf;F gwpnfhLj;j Ntiy
mDgjpg;gj;jpuq;fis khw;wp vLf;f
Kbahj rpf;fy; cUthfp cs;s
epiyapy; ,j; njhopyhspfs; kpfr;
rhjhuzkhfNt mtHfsJ njhopy;
nfhs;NthHfshy; iftplg;gl;ldH.
Gyk; ngaHe;Njhuhy; nra;ag;gLk;
Fw;wr; nray;fs; gy E}W gHkpa
Gyk;ngaHe;Njhiu tifnjhifaw;W
ifJ nra;aTk; jLj;J itf;fTk;
jha; mjpfhupfis js;spas;snjd
njhlHG+lfq;;fs; $Wfpd;wd.
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd rpyNtis
Mapuf;fzf;fhd gHkpa njhopyh-
sHfs; kpff;fLikahd kdpj cupik
kPwy;fspd; mghak;kpf;f gHkhTf;F
jha; mjpfhupfshy; gyte;jkhf
jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;ldH. mtHfsJ
rl;lg+Htkw;w Fbapay; me;j];J
vd;gJ Ntiy nfhs;NthuhNyh
my;yJ rl;lj;ij mKyhf;Fk; cs;@
H mjpfhupfspdhNyh nra;ag;gLk;
J];gpuNahfq;fis KiwapLtjw;F
xU Gyk; ngaHe;jtiuahtJ Jzpar;
nra;tjpy;iy.
jdJ vy;iyfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;; rfy
Rje;jpuKk; jha;yhe;jpd; jdpg;gl;l
cupikahf ,Uf;Fk; mNjNtis
njhopypd; epkpj;jk; jq;fpapUf;Fk;
rl;lg+Ht cupikapy; FiwTgl;Ls;s
Gyk;ngau;e;Njhu; mbg;gil cupikfs;
kjpf;fg;gLtjw;F cupj;JilatHfs;
vd;gJk; kWf;fKbahj cz;ik.
fz;%bj;jdkhd ifJfs; jLj;Jitg;G>
kpfNkhrkhd #o;epiyfspy; jLj;J
itj;jy; vd;gd
rptpy;> murpay;
cupikfSf;fhd rHt-
Njr xg;ge;jj;jpd; cWg;G
9(1) f;Fk; 10f;Fk;
vjpuhd kPwy;fshFk;.2
,t;xg;ge;jj;jpYk;$l
jha;yhe;J ifnahg;gk;
,l;Ls;sJ. mNjNtis mjw;F rk-
khfTk; mbg;gilahfTk;> rpj;jputij
cs;slq;fyhf ghupa kdpj cupik
kPwy;fSf;F cl;gl;L xUtH Jd;GWk;
rhj;jpak; cs;s xU #o;epiyf;F
vtiuAk; jpUg;gp mDg;ghjpUf;Fk;
flg;ghl;il rHtNjr tof;fhw;W
rl;lj;jpw;F fPo; jha;yhe;J muR
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Gyk; ngaHe;j midtuJ kdpj
cup ikfisAk; ghJfhj;jy;
cs;SH mjpfhupfshYk; Ntiy
nfhs;NthuhYk; Gyk;ngaH njhopyh-
spfs; ,opTgLj;Jk; tifapy;
elj;jg;gLjy; vd;gJ> Fwpf;fg;gl;l
gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; khj;jpuk; gutpAs;s
xUtif tpahjpahfj;njd;gLk; ,e;jg;
gpur;ridia ,d;W nghJ cy-
fpd; fz;fSf;F Rdhkp neUf;fb
nfhz;L te;Js;sJ. xl;Lnkhj;jkhf
cs;SH> Njrpa kl;l mjpfhupf-
shy; vt;thW kdpjNeag; gzp
fs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;w
tpdhf;fisAk; vOg;gpAs;sd.
,yq;ifapypUe;J ,e;jpah
jha;yhe;Jf;$lhf ,e;NjhNdrpah
tiuAk; ghupa Njitfis vjpH
Nehf;Fk; mNjNtis ,yFtha;
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiyapYs;s
FOf;fSf;F kdpj Nea cjtpfis
tpepNahfpg;gjpy; ,isf;fg;gLk; ghugl;rk;
gw;wp mwpf;iffs; gutyhf te;Js;sd.3
Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH rl;lg+Htkw;w gpuNtrr;
#o;epiyapy; cs;sNtis> ,d;Dk;
rpwg;ghf $Wtjhapd; Kiwaw;wtifapy;
Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH ngz;fs;> rpWtHfs;>
KjpNahH my;yJ NehAw;Nwhuhf
,Ug;ghu;fshapd; ,yFthf mghaj;ij
jOTk; mtHfsJ epiy ,d;Dk;
NkhrkhfpwJ. cynfq;fpYKs;s
ehLfs; toikahf Kiwaw;w tifapy;
Gyk; ngaHe;Njhupd; kl;by; ghugl;rkhd
nfhs;iffisNa gpuNahfpf;fpd;wd.
kpfr;rpy ehLfNs jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lg;
gFjpfspy; Kiwaw;wtif
Gyk;ngaH #o;epiyf;Fl;gl;tHfSf;F
ghJfhg;ig toq;Fk; rl;lg+Htkhd
Njitg;ghLfisNah my;yJ epHthff;
nfhs;iffisNah nfhz;Ls;sd.
Fwpg;ghff; $Wtjhapd; 29 ehLfs;
khj;jpNk Gyk;ngaHe;Njhupd; Gyk;ngaH
me;j];ij fUjhJ mtHfsJ
mbg;gil kdpj cupikfis ghJfhf;f
tpN\lkhf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s rHt-
Njr kdpj cupikr; rhrdk; xd;wpy;
ifnahg;gkpl;Ls;sd. ,J vy;yhg;
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspdJk;
mtHfsJ FLk;g cWg;gpdHfsJk;
cupikfis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd I.eh.
tpd; rhrdkhFk;.4 ,r;rhrdKk;
Gyk; ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd mbg;gil
kdpj cupikfs; xg;ge;jq;fSk;>
Gyk;ngaHe;Njhupd; cupikfis
ghJfhf;Fk; Kf;fpa fUtpfshFk;;.
,d;W mit> Gyk;ngaHT gw;wpa Vuhs-
khd fUj;jhly;fis cUthf;fpAs;s
cs;tuTf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;>
cs;thq;fpf;nfhs;sy; vd;gdtw;wpy;
khj;jpuk; mOj;jj;ij nfhLf;ftpy;iy
vd;gJTk; fz;$L.
kdpjNeag; gzpfspd; kl;by; Gyk;
ngaHe;NjhH kwf;fg;glkhl;lhHfs;
my;yJ ghugl;rj;Jf;Fs;shf khl;lhHfs;
my;yJ J];gpuNahfj;ij vjpHnfhs;s
khl;lhHfs; vd;gij cWjpnra;Ak;
Kf;fpa mk;rkhf kdpj cupik-
fis jk;kfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s vy;yh
Gyk;ngaHe;NjhUk; kdpj capHfNs
vd;w cau; fzpg;G cs;sJ.
gpah Xg;Nuha; n[dpthit ikakhff;
nfhz;l rHtNjr kd;dpg;Gr; rigapd;
mfjpfs; mjpfhupahthH. ,f;fl;Liuapy;
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs;
fz;bg;ghf rHtNjr kd;dpg;Gr; rigapd;
fUj;ij gpujpgypf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjy;y.
kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
www.saydanatsunami.org my;yJ
[email protected] vDk;
,izaj;jdj;jpy; Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w
gu;kpa Gyk;ngau; njhopyhopfspy;
mf;fiw nfhz;l r%f ika epWt-
dkhd Rdhkp mf;]d; FUg; gw;wp
fhzyhk;
1. www.unhcr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm2. www.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm3. See for example Human Rights Watch, ‘End caste bias in tsunami relief’, 1� January 200� http://hrw.org/English/docs/200�/01/1�/india10019.htm;Amnesty International, Indonesia-Human Rights are Paramount in the relief and reconstruction effort, 1� January 200� http:// news.amnesty.org/index/ENGASA21003200��. www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/skills/recomm/instr/un_9.htm
Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd rpyNtis
Mapuf;fzf;fhff;$l ,Uf;ff;$ba gu;kpa
Gyk;ngau;e;Njhu;> gu;khTf;F mjpfhupfshy;
gNyhj;fhukhfj; jpUg;gpaDg;gg;gl;ldu;.
FMR Rdhkp – jha;yhe;J �1
jkpo; ehL
fUj;juq;fpy;1 NgrpNahh; ,uhl;rj
miyfshy; ghjpg;Gw;w 2.73 kpy;ypad; kf;fspd; NjitfSf;F ,e;jpa kj;jpa murpdJk; jkpo;ehL khdpy murp dJk; Kjy; gjpypWg;G jhkjkhf ,Ue;jJ vd Fwpg;gpl;ldH. Muk;g kPl;G kw;Wk; epthuz gzpfs; rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ljdhy;> muR jpirNfhl;gLj;jpa epthuzg; gzp ahdJ> FOf;fsJ epiyik Vida-tHfis tpl kpf Nkhrkhf ,Ue;jij ftdj;jpnyLf;fj; jtwptpl;lJ. mur epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fshtd epthuz kw;Wk; GzHtho;T Njitfs; gw;wp Vw;fdNt nfhz;Ls;s Kd;rhu;G vz;zq;fshy; tbtikf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. kpfTk; mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiyf;Fl;gl;l jug;ghUf;F cztspf;Fk; mtru NjitfSf;F kj;jpapy;> cjtp epWtdq;fs; epue;jukw;w mur nfhs;iffshy; cUthd Fog;gj;Jf;Fs; %o;fbf;fg;gl;ld. ,jdhy;> Rdhkpahy; Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs;> rpWtHfs;> KjpatHfs;> jPz;lj;jfhjtHfs; vd miof;fg;gLk; jypj;Jf;fs;
kw;Wk; Vida rpWghd;ikapdH> ghugl;rj;Jf;Fl;gl;ltHfsJ Njitfs; ,d;Wk; G+Hj;jpahf;fg;gltpy;iy.
Vida ghjpg;Gw;wtHfistpl kPdt r%fq;fs; chpa tpfpjhrhuj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd mstpy; cjtpfis ngw;wpUe;j NghjpYk;> jko;ehl;by; %d;wpy; xU klq;F kPdtHfNs flYf;F kPd;gpbf;f jpUk;gpapUe;jdH. kPd;gpb r%fq;fspd; GdHtho;T xU FWfpafhy ghHitapypUe;Nj ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. kPd;gpbr; r%fq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; cjtpfspy; Ie;jpy; ehd;F fld; mbg;gilapNy cs;sd. jkJ clikfspy; mNdfkhdtw;iw jhk; ,se;Js;sjhy;> kPdtHfs; ,f;flid jpUg;gp nrYj;j KbahjtHfshfNt ,Uf;fg; Nghtjhf gag;gLfpd;wdH. kz;Nrfhpg;G eltbf;iffspy; ,Lgl;Ls;s Ruq;ff; $l;Lj;jhgdq;fs;> jkJ nraw;ghLfs; vt;tpjj;jpYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhjJ Nghd;Wk; jhk; njhopw;gLk; gpuNjrq;fspy; vt;tpj ,lk;ngaHTfs; ,lk;ngwhjkhjphpAk; ele;J nfhs;fpd;wd. njhlHe;Jk; kzy; mfo;tjw;F ,f; fk;gdpfSf;F
mDkjpaspf;fhky; tpl;bUe;jhy; jkJ epyq;fs; gy ghJfhf;fg;gl;bUf;Fnkd;W gyH $Wfpd;wdH. rJg;G epyj; jhtuq;fspd; mopT$l kz; mhpg;ig mjpfhpf;fr; nra;Js;sJ.
epjpf;F fl;Lg;ghL ,y;yhj NghjpYk;$l> nghWg;Gf; $Wjy; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd-jhfNt cs;sJ. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> khdpy muRf;Fk; gpujkH epthu zepjpf;Fk;> khdpy Kjy;tH epth uz epjpf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; tz;zk; Vuhskhd tsq;fis mspj;jpUe;jJ. mur epWtdq;fshYk; murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fshYk; ifahsg;gLk; epjp apd; gad;ghL gw;wpa xopT kiwtw;w ntspg;ghl;bw;fhd Nfhhpf;if ngUks tpy; ngUfpf;nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
epthuzg;gzpfspd; eltbf;iffs; gyjlitfspy; czHjF jpwd; mw;wit:
nyhwpf;fzf;fpy; fk;gsq;fs; tl ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J te;J ,wq;fpd. Mdhy; #Lk; ntg;gKs;s jkpo;ehl;by; mitahy; vt;tpj gaDkpUf;ftpy;;iy.
ghtpj;j juk;Fiwe;j cilfs; ed;nfhilahf toq;fg;gl;lNghJ kPd;gpbr;r%fq;fs; Nfhgj;Jld; epuhfhpj;jd.
khtl;l mYtyfq;fSk; cs;SH gQ;rhaj;Jk; ngz;fis Xuq;fl;b itj;jdH. ngz; rptpy; gzp ahsHfs;> epthuzg;gzpfSf;F cjtpl <LgLj;jg;gtpy;iy ngz;fs; gps;isfspd; Njitfspd; kl;by; Mz; gzpahsHfs; czHjF
,e;jpa fUj;juq;F Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig
kPsha;T nra;fpwJmwpf;if rkHg;gpg;NghH Nghyh gdH[p> rg;ahrhr;rp ghR uha; rTj;hp
fy;fj;jh Ma;T tl;lj;jhy; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l
Gj;jp[Ptpfs; kdpjThpik MHtyu; Ma;T fl;Liuj;
njhFg;ghdJ> rhjp rka> ghy; epiy mbg;gilapy;
ghugl;rk; ,d;wp cjtpfis ngWtjw;fhd
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfsJ chpikfs; jkpo;ehL> me;jkhd;
epf;NfhghH jPTfspy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l epthuz kw;Wk;
GdHtho;T Kaw;rpfspy; kjpf;fg;gl;l msit fzpg;gpl;lJ.
,e;jpah>
,dpj;jfiu
flw;fiuapy;
jw;fhypf
trpg;gplq;fs;
Pete
r Høv
ring/
Dan
Chu
rchA
id/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah�2
jpwid nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. cjhuzkhf ngz;fSf;F rhwp fs; toq;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; cs;shilfs; toq;fg;gltpy;;iy.
epthuzg; gzk; Mz; jiyik jhq;Fk; FLk;gj;Jf;Nf nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,oe;j FLk;g cwg;gpdHfSf;fhd el;l<L Mz;fSf;Nf nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. mJTk; gpioahd topfspy; mit nrytspf;fg;ghlhjpUg;gij cWjpg;gLj;jhky; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
glg;gpbg;ghsHfs; Mjutpoe;j cjtp ,y;yhj ngz;fis glk; gpbf;f xUtu; xUtUld; mbgl;Lf;nfhz;ldu;.
Nrhw;iw gpujhd czthf nfhs;gtHfSf;F rg;ghj;jp nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F tPL mikg;gijAk;> [PtNdhghaj;Jld; njhlHGl;l nghUl;fis toq;FtijAk;> Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH fiu Nahu xOq;F tpjpfis mKyhf;fk; nry;tjpy;,e;jpa muR nfhz;bUe;j Nguhty; jLj;jjpdhy;> NghJkhd msT epjptsj;Jld; ,Ue;j mNdf cs;SH kw;Wk; rHtNjr epWtdq;fs; me;epjpia gad;gLj;j KbahJ jpz;lhLfpd;wd. flw;fiuapy; ,Ue;J 200 kPw;wUf;fg;ghy;; kf;fis kPs; FbNaw;Wk; jPHkhdk; thjg;gpujpthjj;Jf;Fl;gl;lJ. fiu Nahu xOq;F tpjpfis mKy;gLj;Jjy; gw;wpa xopT kiwtw;w jd;ikapy; FiwghL cs;sJ. mNdfH fiu Nahu jilapd; rl;lG+Ht jd;ikgw;wp Nfs;tp vOg;Gk; mNjNtis fiuNahu gpuNjrq;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bid gy;Njrpa fk;gdpfs; ngwtjw;fhd fjTfis fl;lha kPs;FbNaw;wk; jpwe;J tpLNkh vd;Wk; gag;gLfpd;wdH.
mur jpizf;fsq;fSf;fpilNa xUq;fpizg;G midj;ijAk; cs;thq;fpa GdHtho;T nfhs;ifAk; ,y;yhky; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. cjtpngWtjw;fhd chpj;Jlik mj;jhl;rpia toq;FtJ ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; kPJ Rikahf tpOe;Js;sJ. murpay; fl;rpfSk; kf-spH mikg;Gf;fSk; Rdhkp epthuz nray;ghLfspy; ngz;fs;kPJ fhl;lg;gLk; ghugl;rk; Nghd;w gpur;ridfis fz;Lk; fhzhjJ Nghy; ,Uf;Fk; epiy epyTfpd;wJ. epthuzg;gzpfspy; K];ypk; mikg;Gf;fs; vLj;j gq;F ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fSf;F muR nrtpkLf;fpd;w mNjNtis mtHf-sJ MNyhridfis xU NghJk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy.
mur mjpfhhpfs; jkJ ngaiu njhlu;G+lfq;fspy; njhlHe;J jf;fitj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Njitap-dhy; ce;jg;gLkhw;NghyTk;> vjpH-kiw tpkHrd epiyia mq;F jtpHg;gjw;F $ba ftdk; nrYj;JtJ NghyTk; njd;gLfpd;wJ. Vuhskhd murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; jkf;F rhjfkhd njhlu;G+lhf gpugy;aj;ij jk;kPJ Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;; MHtkha; ,Ug;gJ Nghd;Wk; cs;sJ. Ma;Tf; fl;Liufis Kd;itj;jtHfspy; xUtH Nguoptpdhy; %d;W tifahdtHfs; gyd; ngw;Ws;shHfs; vd Fwpg;gpl;lhH. KjyhtJ tifapdu; jq;ff cztf chpikahsHfs;> ,uz;lhk; tif apdu; thlif thfd fk;gdpfs;> %d;whk; tifapdu; NguopTr; RwWyh topfhl;bfshf nray;gl;L gzkPl;ba kdr;rhl;rpNa ,y;yhj rpy cs;SH murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;.
ahH cjtp mspg;ghHfs; ahH mspf;fkhl;lhHfs; vd muR ,d;Wk;
cWjpaha; jPu;khdpf;f Kw;gLfpwJ. rptpy; r%f epWtdq;fs; jkJ gq;Nfw;ig ,d;Dk; ePl;lyhk;. ,e;jp kj;jpaju tHf;fj;jpdUk;> ,e;jpahtpy; thohj ,e;jpaHfSk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;;gbahd tsq;fis toq;fp cs;sdH. Mdhy; rptpy; r%fj;ij cd;dpg;ghf mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; muR ,d;Dk; mt;thW nray;gltpy;iy.
me;jkhd; epf;Nfhghhpd; cjtp-fis tbtikg;gjpy; cgfz;l kdepiy.
me;jkhd; epf;NfhghH> ,e;jpa ngUFyj;jpypUe;J 1200 fp.kP. fpof;fhf tlf;fpypUe;J njw;fhf gue;J 700 fp.kP J}uj;jpw;F tpahgpj;jpUf;Fk; xU jPTf;$l;lkhFk;. Rkhj;jpuhTf;F rkPgkhf> ,e;jpa mjpfhu gPlj;jhy; cl;gpuNtrk; fLikahf fl;Lg; gLj;jg;gLk; epf;NfhghH> Rdh kpahy; kpfTk; fLikahf ghjpg;Gw;Ws;sJld; 3000 Mjpthrpf; Fbfs; ,we;jpUf;ff;$Lk; vdTk; fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jPTfshFk;. ,j;jPTfs; cs;SH rdehaf Kiw> rl;lkpaw;Wk; fl;likg;G Nghd;wtw;wpy;; Fiwthf cs;sJld; ngUepyg; gug;gpduhy; jpzpf;fg;gLk; nghUj;jkw;w mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fSf;Fl;gLk; epiyf;Fk; js;sg;gl;Ls;sd. El;gkhd fiuNahu Rw;whlYf;F Vw;gl;l ghjpg; Gf;fs;> cs;SH gpugy;aq;fshYk; ,e;jpa tpkhdg;gilahYk; fiu Nahuf; fl;llq;fspd; fl;Lkhdj;ij jilnra;Ak; xOq;Ftpjpfs; kPwg;gLtjpD}lhfTk; ,d;Dkjpfkhf Nkhrkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. murpay; mikg;Gf;fs; rptpy; r%fk; Mfpait mq;F ,y;yhjjhy;> mjpfhuj; jug;ghuJ epthuzj; Njitg;ghLfSf;fhd gjpypWg;Gf;fs; jtpHf;f Kbahjjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,wg;Gf;fisAk; Nrjq;fisAk; fzpg;gpl ,e;jpa muR I.ehitNah my;yJ rHtNjr cjtpfisNah miof;ftpy;iy. epthuz gzpfSf;F ntspehl;L epjp cjtpfisngw ,e;jpah kWj;Jtpl;lJ. Mdhy; cs;SH epHthfj;Jf;F epjpia mDg;Gtjw;F ,e;jpa murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fis C;ffg;gLj;jpaJ. Iehtpd; rpWtH epjpak; khj;jpuNk ,q;F gzpGhpa mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU ru;tNjr epWtdkhFk;. gpNsaH ,wq;F Jiw apy; ,wf;Fk;NghJ jdJ nghUl;fis ifg;gw;wpajhf rHtNjr nrQ;rpYit rq;fk; Kiwapl;lJ. ntspehl;L epUgH-fisAk; epthuz gzpahHfisAk; gpNsaH ,wq;FJiwf;Fs; khj;jpuNk nray;gl tiuaiw nra;jJld; jPTfSf;Fs; nry;tjw;fhd mDkjpia toq;f kWj;jJ.
cs;SH r%fq;fSldhd fye;jhNyhrid nra;jy; rptpy; epHthfj;Jld; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f ,izT vd;gd ,y;yhj epiy apy; epthuz GdHtho;T gzp-fis ,e;jpa ghJfhg;G gilNa Kd;ndLf;fpd;wJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;. cs;SH kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs;> Njit-fs; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gly; vd;gJk;> mtHfsJ QhdKk; mDgtKk; kjpf;fg;gLjy; vd;gJk; [PtjhukhdJ. cjhuzkhf epf;NfhghH jPT kPdtHfs; Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd fhyg;gFjpapy; ngUepyg;gug;gpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;L toq;fg;gl;l> jkf;Fg; nghUe;jhf kPd;gpb cgfuzq;fis Vw;f kWj;Js;shHfs;.
Nguoptpd; tpisthf jPTfspy; cs;s kPd;gpbr; rKjhak; ngUk; ghjpg;Gs;shdjhf njhpfpwJ. rJg;G epyf; fhLfs; ntl;l ntspahfpAs;sd. gtog;ghiwfSk; ghjpg;gile;Js;sd.
jPTfspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; jw;NghJ 12% khfTs;s goq;Fb r%fq;fSf;Fk; ntspahUf;Fkpilapy; xU ghhpa ,dKuz;ghL Vw;gLk; mghaKk; cs;sJ.
fw;w ghlq;fs;
epthuzg;gzpfspd; kl;by; vjpUk; GjpUkhfTs;s muR> rptpy; r%fk; kw;Wk; Vida r%fq;fspd; ghj;jpuk; gw;wp kPsTk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba mtru Njitia Rdhkp Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;b cs;sJ. Ma;Tf; fl;Liufspd; Kd;itg;G muq;fj;jpypUe;J ntspg;gl;l gpujhdkhd nfhs;ifrhH ghpe;Jiufshtd.
epthuz epWtdq;fspilNa gykhd xUq;fpizTk;> Nguoptpd; jhf;fq;fs;> ghjpg;Gw;Nwhhpd; Njit-fs; gw;wpa jfty; ghpkhw;wKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fSf;fhd tpdpNahfj;ij ikakhff;nfhs;shky; mtHfsJ Njitfis ikakhff; nfhz;L ,af;fg;gLtjhf epthuzk; mikaNtz;Lk;.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%fq;fs; jkf;F vj;jifa ep-thuzk; nghUj;jkhdJ vd;gij jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. gQ;rhj;Jf;fs; NguopTfSf;F gjpypWg;gjpYk; Maj;jk; nra;tjpYk; nghpa ghj;jpuj;ij tfpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
epthuz GdUj;jhud gzpfspd; rfy mk;rq;fspYk; ngz;fspd; FuYf;F Kd;Dhpik nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
epthuz gzpfspy; rhjp> rka> ghy; epiy. nghUshjhu me;j];J epiy ghugl;rq;fs; cupaKiwapy; ifahsg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
me;jkhd; epf;NfhghH jPTf-spd; tpNrl Fzhjpraq;fs; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
NguopTf;Fg; gpd;dhd tsq;fis vt;thW gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH vd;gJ gw;wpa xopT kiwtw;w jd;ikia mur epWtdq;fs; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
GdHtho;itj; jpl;lkpLgtHfs; mur epy nfhs;iffisAk; fpuhk nghUshjhu Kaw;rpfisAk; fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Nghyh ghdH[p: FMR ,d; MrphpaH gpl MNyhrfH rig cWg;gpdUk; kfhepH-ghd; fy;fj;jh Ma;T FOtpd; Ma;T xUq;fpizg;ghsUkhtH www.mcrg.ac.in kpd; mQ;ry; [email protected]
rg;ahrhr;rp ghR uha; irsj;hp : MCRG ,d; cWg;gpdUk;> nfhy;nfhj;jh utpe;jpu ghujp gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; murpay; tpQ;Qhd gPlj;jpd; Mrphp aUkhthH. kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
Kd;itg;G muq;fj;jpd; KO mwpf;ifAk; gpd;tUk; ,izaj;jsj;jpy; cs;sd: www.mcrg.ac.in/tsunami.htm
1.Kd;itg;G muq;f Ngr;rhusHfs;: fhaj;hp Y}apy;
(gPg;gps; NthHr; - jkpo;ehL) gpk;yh re;jpuNrfH (vf;jh
Nrh]; nrd; Nah-ypkd;- jkpo;ehL) K.M. ghpNtyd; (jkpo;ehL> nrd;id UNHCR mYtyfj;jpy; gzpGh-
pAk; kdpj Nea MHtyH) guj; Ffh (Child in
Need Institute, Kolkata www.cini-
india.org); rkpu; Mr;rhu;ah (Society for
Andaman and Nicobar Ecology www.
andaman.org/book/Sane/sanetext.htm)
Rigu; ngst;kpf; (CRG member, and BBC
employee).
,e;jpa fUj;juq;F Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig kPsha;T nra;fpwJFMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah �3
,e;jpa khepyq;fspy; xd;whd jkpo;ehl;by;> gytPdkhd mNjNtis ,yFthf
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk; epiyapYs;s mNdf kf;fs; Rdhkpf;Fj; jkJ tPLfisAk;>
[PtNdhghaj;ijAk; ghlrhiy nry;tjw;fhd trjpfisAk; ,oe;jdH. Vw;fdNt
Xuk;fl;lg;gl;Ls;s ,j;jifa jug;gpdUf;Fhpa cjtpfs; mtHfsJ Fwpj;j
Njitfspd; kl;by; czHjF epiy nghUe;jpajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
jkpo;ehl;by; gytPdkhd> FOf;fSf;fhd xU Fuy; nkf]; khHl;bd;
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah��
khhpak;khs; trpj;j rpwpa fpukj;ij Rdhkp jhf;fpa NghJ jdJ
fl;Lkuj;ijAk; tiyfisAk; ,oe;jhs;. ,Ush Fyf; Fbfisf; nfhz;l mts; fpuhkk;> tq;fhs tphpFlhTf;Fk;> 60 fp.kP tlf;fhf nrd;id jiyef hpy; mike;Js;s Gspfl; thtpf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s xU rpwpa epyg;gug;gpy; mike;Js;sJ. Mjpthrp> my;yJ jypj; my;yJ jPz;lj;jfhNjhH vd miof;fg;gl;l ,e;j r%fq;fspy; ,Ue;J xUtH $l flYf;fUfhikapy; neUq;;f tplhky;> ,tu;fsJ Fyf;Fbfisr; Nruhj kPdtHfs; ghuk;ghpakhf ghJfhg;ghff; $bf; nfhz;L jLj;jdH. ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F Kd; rpy ,Ush Fyj;jtH ,e;jj; jilf;F rthy; tpl;L flYf;F kPd;gpbf;f nrd;wNtis Vw;gl;l NkhjyhdJ ,U capHfisf; fhTnfhz;lJ. “vkJ Ml;fs; jhk; flypy; kPd;gpbf;f khl;Nlhk; vd khtl;l mYtyfHfS;fF cWjpnkhop nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ” vd khpak;khs; $wp-dhH.
ngz;fs; ,q;F ghuk;ghpakhff; fliy mz;ba ePNuhpapy; ,uhy;> thtp ez;L> rpW kPd;;fs;> kl;b kw;Wk; $dp Nghd;wtw;iw gpbg;gJ tof;fk;. khhpak;khspd; fpuhkj;jpy;> 40 fl;Lkuq;fs; ,Ue;jd. mtw;wpy; 28 ngz;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdit. mNd-fkhf midj;Jf; fl;Lkuq;fSk; Rdhkp apy; mope;J rpije;J Nghapd.
khhpak;khs; ,g;NghJ cs;SH jpUr;rignahd;wpy; jUk Nritapd;%yk; tho;e;jhYk; mts; XH cs;SH mur rhHgw;w epWtdnkhd;wpy; rpW Nrkpg;Gf; fld; jpl;l FOnthd;wpy; nrayhsuhf cs;sJld; jdJ fpuhkj;jpd; [PtNdhghaj;ij kPs Tk; cap&l;b cjtj;jf;f ,Nj khjphpahd Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;LnkdTk; tpUk;Gfpwhs;. mj;Jld; mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida mikg;Gf;fs; toq;Fk; cjtpfs; ngz;fspd; Njitfis jPHf;fty;yJ vd;Wk; mts; ek;Gfpd;whs;. toi-kahfNt kPd;gpb cgfuzq;fSk; tiyfSk; Mz;fSf;F khj;jpuNk toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. fliy mz;ba ePNuhpiaf; fle;J murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; kPdt r%fq;fSf;F cjTk; Kfkhfr; nry;fpd;wdH. Mdhy; mtHfs; ,e;jg; goq;Fb kf;fspd; FbapUg;Gf;fisNah my;yJ mUfpy; cs;s jypj; r%fj;ijNah flg;gjpy;iy.
jkpo;ehl;bd; fiuNahuk; neLfpYk; cs;s fly; tsj;ij rpy rhjpr; r%fq;fspd; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; gad;gLj;Jjy; kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jypj;Jf;fspdJk; goq;Fb kf;fsJk; ghj;jpukhdJ kPd;gpbr; r%fq;fspd; kl;by; cjTtJ khj;jpuNk. mtHfsJ kPd;gpb cgfuzq;isj; Jg;guT nra;J guhkhpj;jy;> kPd;fis Vw;Wjy;> nfhz;L nry;Yjy;> tpw;wy;> kPd;gpb thb fl;Ljy; kw;Wk; mtw;iw Rj;jk; nra;jy; Nghd;w NtiyfisNa nra;fpd;wdH. mtHf-
sJ [PtNdhghaj;ij capHgpf;Fk; murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fspd; cjtpfs;$l ,d;Wk; mtHfSf;F ghuk;ghpakhf xJf;fg;gl;l ,opthd ghj;jpuq;fshNyNa jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kPd;gpbapy; <Lgl;Ls;s khhpak;khs; Nghd;w ngz;fs;> ngz;fsha; ,Ug;gjdhYk; xJf;fpitf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU r%fj;ijr; NrHe;jth;fs; vd;gjdhYk; ,ul;ilg; ghugl;rj;Jf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.
tPjpfspy; trpj;jy;
nrd;idapd; ,aw;ifkpF khpdh flw;fiuf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; tPjpapd; eilghij xt;nthU ehSk; #hpa m];jkdj;jpy; capHngWfpwJ. ,uz;L kpd;tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fSf;fpilapy; cs;s eilghijapy; jdJ FLk;gj;jpd; jpwe;jntsp ,y;yj;jpy; ,sk; fpwp];z%Hj;jp jdJ ghlg;Gj;jfq;fis gug;gp itj;jpUg;gij xUtH fhz-Kb Ak;. fle;j ,uz;L khj fhykhf gl;bdghf;fk; vd;Dkplj;jpy; 500f;Fkjpfkhd FLk;gq;fs; Rdhk-papy; ,lk;ngaHe;J FbapUg;Gf;fs; ,d;wp gugug;ghd tPjpf;fUfpy; tho;e;jdH. flw;fiuapy; mtHfsJ tPl;bd; rpij Tfis fhzyhk;. jw;nrayhf Nrjj;ij kjpg;gpl mjp fhupfs; te;jhy; tPl;ilf; fhl;Ltjw;F rpy jbfSk; fapWfSk; vy;iyfshf Nghlg;gl;Ls;sd. tPjpNahu eilghijapy; tho;e;jtHfspy; miu thrpf; FLk;gq;fs; 12 fp.kPf;F mg;ghy; cs;s jw;fhypf ,Ug;gplq;fSf;Fr; nrd;wNghjpYk; fpwp];z%u;j;jpapd; FLk;gk; njhlHe;J ,t;tPLfspy; thoNt tpUk;gpdH. f];lkhdhYk; mtd; gbg;ghd; vd;W ehk; cWjpahff; $WNthk; vd;W fpwp];z%Hj;jpapd; jhahH ghD $wpdhH. jkf;F Kjypy; xU jw;fhypf tPLk; gpd;dH xU epue;ju tPLk; fpilf;Fk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH. GdHtho;T epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; ,lk;ngaHe;j rpWtHfspd; fy;tpj; Njitfisf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;stpy;iy. Kiwahf kPs;FbNaw;wk; nra;ag;glhjtHfsJ fy;tpf;fhd ghpfhukhf khw;W topfs;> ghlrhiyfs;> mjw;fhd ,lq;fs; gw;wp ,g;NghJjhd; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
,uz;L khjj;Jf;Fg; gpwF tPjp fspy; ,Ue;J mNdfkhf midj;Jf; FLk;gq;fSk; njhiytpy; jw;fhypf tjptplq;fSf;F khw;wg;gl;ld. ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gLk; Mdp khjj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy;> mtHfs; ntg;gj;jpy;> GOf;fk; kpf;f kiwg;Gf;fspy; Nghjpa jz;zPH trjpapd;wp> kpfNkhrkhd kyry$l trjpfSld; mq;F tho;fpd;wdH. Nfhil kio fhyj;jpy; Kfhkpy; nts;sk; gpbj;jJ. ,d;DnkhU khjj;jpd;gpd; gUtfhy kioapy; ,d;Dkjpfkhd nts;sk; Vw;gLk;. muRk; murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fSk; mtHfis kPz;Lk; mq;fpUe;J ,d;DnkhU ey;y ,lj;Jf;F efHj;jj; jpl;lkpLfpd;wdH.
xU FspHr;rpahd ,lj;Jf;fhd
Njlypy;
,e;jpahtpd; njd;Kidapy; cs;s fd;dpahFkhhp khtl;lj;jpd; Kj;jk; vDk; fpuhkj;jpy;> 4 gps;isfspd; jhahd Nkhp> mq;F xU cs;@H murrhHgw;w epWtdj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;l 24 jw;fhypf ,Ug;gplq;fspy; xd;wpy; trpf;fpwhH. Nfhil mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f ntg;gKk;> GOf;fKk; jw;fhypf tPl;bd; nrsfhpaj;ij ,y;yhky; nra;fpd;wd. Nkhp jw;fhypf tPl;Lf;F ntsp-NaNa jdJ Neuj;ij nrytpLfpwhs;. Mz;fs;> ngz;fs;> Foe;ijfs; vd;W midtUNk ,utpy; tPl;Lf;F ntspNa jpwe;jntspapNy cwq;FfpNwhk; vd Nkhp $wpdhH. khiyapYk;> ,utpYk; rhpahd ntg;gk; vd;gjdhy; ,t;tPl;by; ,utpy; jq;fitf;fhJ vdJ filrp 2 taJ kfis njhpe;j maytH tPl;bNyNa jq;fitf;fpd;Nwd; vd;Wk; $wpdhH.
nghJthf NtW Ntiy vjw;Fk; nry;tjw;F ,ayhj epiyapy; Mz;fs; Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisfspy; Nkhp ntspapy; jdJ Neuj;ij nrytpLtjw;F tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. jdpegHfspd; me;juq;fj; jd;ik ghJfhf;fKbahj xU epiy ,Ue;jNghJk; mJ gw;wp mts; KiwaplKay;tjpy;iy. jpd Kk; jdJ Foe;ijia maytH tPl;Lf;F vLj;Jr; nry;tJ mtSf;F
kpfTk; mtkhdkhd tpilak;. ,tw;iwnay;yhk;tpl NkhrkhdJ> ,utpy; kpjkpQ;rpa ntg;gKk; GOf;fKk; cz;lhfpd;w Ntis> mtHfs; nghJ ,lq;fspy; epj;jpiu nra;a Ntz;b ,Ug;gNj. jhH G+rg;gl;l jw;fhypf tPLfs; ntg;gj;ij njhlHe;J jf;fitg;gJld; kpff; Fiwthd fhw;Nwhl;l trjpfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd. ghukw;w $iuj;jfLfisg; gwf;ftplhky; $iu kPJ Nghlg;gl;Ls;s fWg;G gpsh];bf; jLg;Gf;fs;> ,d;Dkjpfkhf mt;tPLfis #lhf;Ffpd;wd. kpjkpQ;rpa ntg;gepiyapd; epkpj;jk; ngz;fs; jkJ rikaiyg; ng-hJj; jpwe;j ntspfspNyh my;yJ ,d;DnkhUthpd; rikayiwiag; gq;FNghl;Nlh Kbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sdH. jw;fhypf tPLfis kpftpiuthf mikf;Fk;Ntis> Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs; kPJ jhf;fj;ijr; nrYj;jty;y> nrsfhpak; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj me;juq;fk; rhu;e;j Mff;Fiwe;jsTg; gpukhzq;fs;;> ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;glhky; tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy epWtdq;fs; ,j;jifa tPLfSf;F kpd; tprpwp-fisj; jUtjhf thf;FWjp mspj;jd. Mdhy; ,j;jifa neUf;fkhd fl;Lkhdq;fSf;Fs; kpd; tprpwp fs; ntg;gkhd fhw;iw khj;jpuNk juf;$baitahf ,Uf;Fk;.
fl;llg; nghUl;fis njhptjpy; mur xg;ge;jf;fhuHfs; rpyhpd; Kiwfis gpd;gw;wpaJ> jkJ gpio vd;gij ,g;NghJ mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fs; czuj;njhlq;fp cs;sd. “mtHfs; vij $wpdNuh mijNa nra;Njhk;” “ehk; mijj; jpUj;j Ntz;Lk;” vd “mf;]d; va;l; ,e;jpah” vDk; epWtdj;jpd; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l mjpfhhp $wpdhH.
Fiwe;j gl;r ngWkhdk; gw;wpa Nfhupf;if$l
cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah ��
,yF $iuj;jfLfis ngw ehk; Nfushtpd; mud;Fsk; vd;Dkplj;Jf;F jiutopapy; 6 kzpj;jpahsq;fs; nrytpl;Lr; nry;y Ntz;bapUe;jJ vd r%f fy;tpAk; mgptpUj;jpAk; vDk; cs;SH epWtdj;jpd; ,af;FdH fpwpw;w]; cghyl; $wpdhH. “njd;Ndhiy my;yJ gid Xiy fs; Nghd;w cs;SH %yg;nghUl;fis itj;J rpW Xiyf; nfhl;liffis mikj;J cs;SH Ntiy tha;g;ig ehk; mjpfhpj;jpUf;fyhk; vd epW td gpujpepjpfs; $wpdH. mj;Jld; khtl;l mYtyHfs; ghuk;ghpa Xiy tPl;Lf;fl;;likg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;Jtij jLj;jjhfTk;> XUrpy tUlq;fSf;F Kjy; Xiyf; nfhl;liffspy; Vw;gl;l jP tpgj;jpy; Vuhskhd rpWtHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;lJ ,d;Dk; khwhj kdf;fhaq;fshf cs;sikNa ,jw;F fhuzk; vd;Wk; $wpdhH.
indiadisasters.org1 vDk; ,izaj;jsk; jw;fhypf tPLfis “mtz;” #lhf;fp ntJg;gpf;F xg;gpl;L fl;Liu tbj;jpUj;jJ. ,d;lgpu]; Nrtp]; (IPS)2 $l ,j; jw;fhypf nfhl;by;fis “irsdh” #lhf;fpf;F xg;gpl;L ,g;gpur;ridia Mtzg;gLj;jpapUe;jdH. ntg;gj;Jf;Fj; jhf;Fg;gpbf;Fk; fyrq;fs;> rpwe;j fhw;Nwhl;l El;g rhjdq;fs; Nghd;w rpwe;j njhopy; El;gj; jPHTfs; fpilf;ff;$ba ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; ,j; jw;fhypf
tPLfSf;Fs; ngz;fSf;fhd xU jdp ,lk; vDk; gpur;rid tpidj;jpwDld; ,d;Wk; mZfg;glhjjhfNt cs;sJ. Mf kpfTk; mDgtk; tha;e;j epWtdq;fNs rikay;> Fspay;> cLg;G ryit nra;jy; Nghd;w tpilaq;fSf;F ngz;fSf;Fj; jdpahd ,lq;fis toq;Ffpd;wd. xf;];ghk; epWtdk; FspHr;rpahd Xiy tPLfis $lY}hpy; ,j;jifa nraw;ghLfSf;nfd jdpahd ,lq;fis xJf;fPL nra;J fl;bf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. NfhNla;l; epWtd cjtpahy; mikf;fg;gl;l tPLfs; taJ te;j ngz;fSf;fhd gpuj;jpNaf miwia nfhz;ljhf cs;sJ. nghUj;jg;ghLk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; tPLfs; mikf;fg;gLk;NghNj nrsfhp ak; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj me;juq;fk; rhHe;j Njitg;ghLfs;kPJ Mff;Fiwe;jstpNyDk; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLtJld; jpl;lkplYk; mtrpak;.
KbTiu
NguopTf;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyj;jpy; r% ff; fyhrhu clypay;rhH fhuzp fs;> ngz;fisAk; rpWtHfisAk; Fwpg;ghf taJ te;j ngz;fisAk;> vjpHkiwr; Rfhjhug; ghjpg;Gf;fSf;Fk; td;Kiwf;Fk; kpfNkhrkhd Kiw apy;> mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLgtHfshf
Mf;fptpLfpd;wd. NghJkhd tPl;L trjp ,d;ik ,tHfis ,d;Dk; mjpfkhd mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLgtHfshf khw;wp tpLfpwJ. ghuk;ghpaj; njd;dhrpa r%ftpaypy; ngz;fs; ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy; cjtp-fisg; ngwTk; jkJ Njitfis ntspNa njhpag;gLj;jTk; ,ayhj tHfshf ,Uf;fyhk;. rpWtHfSf;F fy;tpia kWjypj;jy; vd;gJ vjpH-fhyr; re;jjpia ,d;Dkjpfkhf mghaj;Jf;Fl;glgtHfshf khw;Wk;. ,j;jifa gpur;ridfs; midj;ijAk; ifahs;tjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; NguopTf;fhd gjpypWg;G mZFKiw Ak;> ghy;epiyj; jd;ikapd; kl;bYk; ngz;fs; rpWtHfspd; Fwpg;gpl;l Njit-fspy; kl;bYk; czHjF jd;ik nfhz;ljhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cjtp toq;Fk; tpilaq;fSld; njhlHGgl;ltHfs; cs;SH #o;epiy kl;by; njspthd Ghpe;JzHit nfhz;bUg;gJld;> r%fj;jpd; vy;yh jug;gpduJk; Fwpg;ghd Njitfisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ mtrpak;
kf;]; khl;bd; (mfjpfs; fw;if ikaj;jpd; Kd;dhy; khztH) ,tH ngq;fSiuj; jskhff; nfhz;ltHwww.indiadisasters.org kpd; mQ;ry;[email protected]
1. www.indiadisasters.org2. www.ips.org/
jkpo;ehl;by; gytPdkhd> FOf;fSf;fhd xU Fuy;
,e;jpahtpd;
njd;Kid
fd;ahf;Fkup
khtl;lj;jpy;
jw;fhypf
trpg;gplq;fs;
Max
Mar
tin
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah��
gpwpl;]; epiyaj;jhy;
Rdhkp ghjpg;Gf;Fl;gl;l
,yq;if> ,e;jpahtpy; nra;ag;gl;l
mz;ikfhy fzpg;ghdJ cjtp
fspd; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f tpisTj;
jhf;fk; gw;wpa gad; ngWgth;fspd;
ghHitia Muha;e;jwpe;Js;sJ.
,yq;ifapy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fs; jhk;
ngw;w cjtp fspd; kl;by; nfhz;Ls;s
ghH;itf; Nfhzq;fisf; fhl;bYk;
,e;jpahtpy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd;
ghHitf;Nfhzq;fs; cjtpfspd; kl;by;
NeH;jd;ikAld; ,Ug;gjhfNt Muk;gf;
fzpg;Gfs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
,yq;ifAk; ,e;jpahTk; cjtp
gw;wpa tpj;jpahrkhd fijfisf;
nfhz;bUe;jd. Vw;fdNt jkJ cs;SH
gq;fhsp epWtdq;fisNah my;yJ
Neubahd nray; jpl;lj;jpNyh <Lgl;L
gpurd;dkhapuhj rHtNjr kdpj Nea
epWtdq;fSf;Nfh ,e;jpah cj;jpNahf
g+H;tkhf jdJ fjit %baJ.
,e;jpa kj;jpa muR> khdpy muRfs;>
mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;> rH;tNjr
epWtdq;fs;> jdpahH; $l;Lj;jhgdq;fs;
kw;Wk; ,uhZtk; Mfpatw;wpd; epthu
zg; nghUl;fs; ahTk; murpdhNyNa
xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;ld. ,yq;ifapy;
rH;tNjr> Njrpa> gpuhe;jpa> mur rhHgw;w
epWtdq;fspd; iffspy; Rdhkpahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; ,yF gad;ghl;Lg;
nghUl;fshf ifaspf;fg;gl;ldh;.
(murpay; uPjpapy; czH;jF epiy $ba
tlfpof;F ,jw;F tpjptpyf;F) Vuhs-
khd ngupa mDgtk;kpf;f mur rhHgw;w
epWtdq;fspd; gq;Nfw;gpUe;j Nghjp
Yk; ,yq;ifapy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fSf;F
toq;fg;gl;l cjtpfs; jpUg;jpfukhf
mikatpy;iy vd;w ghH;itNa
cs;sJ. ,j;jifa tpj;jpahrkhd
ghHitf; Nfhzq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
cs;s rhj;jpakhd fhuzq;fis
fzpg;gPl;lwpjyhdJ rpy tpdhf;fis
vOg;GfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk;
xUKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,izg;G>
xOq;fikg;G kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapy;
fhzg;gLk; Kiwrhuh ,Wf;fkw;w
xOq;fikg;G vd ,U NtWgl;l
mgpg;gpuhaq;fspd; kl;by; cjtpfspd;
tpj;jpahrkhd jhf;fj;jpwd; vj;jifaJ
vd;gijg;gw;wpNa mt;tpdhf;fs;
vOfpd;wd.
fzpg;gPl;by; fye;J nfhz;l
gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;> xd;wpy; Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd cjtpfis ngWgtH;fshf
my;yJ Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;W jkJ
FLk;g cWg;gpdHfis ,oe;j tsHe;j
FLk;g cWg;gpdHfshf ,Ue;jdH.
Ngudu;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd;
gy;NtW jug;gpdiuAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;
gLj;Jgtu;fshfTk; gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;
fhzg;gl;ldH;. ,e;jpahtpy; 12
khtl;lq;fspy; Kjypy; 100 fpuhkq;fspy;
,Ue;J 800 NgUk; ,yq;ifapy; 97
fpuhkq;fisr; NrHe;j 600 NgUk; fye;J
nfhz;bUe;jdH;. mtHfspy; ,e;jpahtpy;
93% khdtH;fSk; ,yq;ifapy;
58% khdtH;fSk; kPd;gpbj;Jiwia
rhHe;jtH;fshf ,Ue;jdH;. xt;nthU
ghjpg;Gw;w FLk;gj;jpYk;> xU tou;e;j
cWg;gpdH gpujhdkhd gjpypWg;ghsuhf
nray;gl VidatH;fs; mjw;F
gq;fspg;G nra;a Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH.
,yq;if ,e;jpah Mfpa ,U ehLfsp
YNk ngUk;ghd;ik gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;
ngz;fshf ,Ue;jdH;. jpwe;j tpdhf;fs;
%ykhf> gapw;wg;gl;l NeH;Kfk;
fhz;gtHfspd; xU FOthy;> cs;SH
nkhopapy; NeH;Kfk; fhzYf;$lhf
juTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld.
Kjy; 48 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;
Rdhkp Vw;gl;L Kjy; 48
kzpj;jpahyq;fspd;NghJ fhzg;gl;l
tplaq;fs;> ghH;itf; Nfhzq;fs;
kw;Wk; kdg;gjpTfs; gw;wp NeH
Kfk; fhz;gtHfs; Kjypy; tpdtpdH;.
,e;jpahtpy; 48% khd gjpypWg;ghsH;fs; khj;jpuNk jhk; kPl;Gjtpfis ngw;wjhf
$wpdH. ,yq;ifapNyh mJ 31% khf Fiwe;J fhzg;gl;lJ. “,q;F vk;ikj; Njb xUtUk; tutpy;iy …….
ehq;fs; vy;NyhUNk xUtUf;nfhUtH;
cjtp nra;aNth my;yJ cldbahf
vkJ vjpH;tpidia ntspg;gLj;jNth
KbahjsTf;F ghupa mjpHr;rpf;Fs;shfp
,Ue;Njhk;” vd xU ,e;jpa kPdtg; ngz; $wpdhH;. kPl;G Kaw;rpfspd;
gad; kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwd;$l
Nfs;tpf;Fl;gl;lNj. “jdp egHfshf VuhskhNdhH; may; fpuhkq;fspy;
,Ue;J XNlhbte;jdH. Mdhy; mtHfs;
ngupjhf VJk; nra;a Kbatpy;iy” vd ,d;DnkhU gjpypWg;ghsH; $wp-
dhH;. kPl;G Kaw;rpfspYk; cldb
epthuzk; toq;fpajpYk; mjpfk;
gq;fspg;G nra;jtHfs; maytH;fSk;
gapw;rp ngwhj cs;SH; jd;dhH;tj;
njhz;lHfSNk vd mwpf;iffSk;
fs NeH;Kfk; fhzy;fSk;
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
Kjy; 48 kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;Fs;
fpilj;j cjtpfspd; tiffs; rhH
ghd gjpypWg;Gf;fs; ,yq;iff;Fk;
,e;jpahTf;Fkpilapy; kpff; Fwpg;ghd
tpj;jpahrq;fs; ,Ug;gij fhl;Lfpd;wd. fzpg;gpy; Fwpg;gpl;l kPl;G> ,we;jtH;fis ,dq;fz;L Gijj;jy;> fopTfis Rj;jk; nra;jy;> kUj;Jt Nrit> ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspd; ,Uj;Jjy; cs;slq;fyhd 11 tif cjtp fs; rhHghf xg;gPl;by; ,yq;ifAld; Nehf;Fifapy; jhk; ngw;wpUe;jjhfNt ngUk;ghyhd ,e;jpa kf;fs; $wpdH;. ,e;jpahtpy; 49% khdtHfSf;F Kjy; ,U ehl;fSf;Fs;Sk; VNjh xU tifapy; kPs; jq;Fkpl trjpfs; mikg;gjw;F cjtp mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapNyh mJTk; kpfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ehl;by; 3% khj;jpuk; fhzg;gl;lJ. FbePH tpepNahfj;jpd; kl;by; 15% khf cs;s ,yq;ifAld; xg;gpLifapy; ,e;jpahtpy; 35% khdtHfs; gad; mile;Js;sdH. ,e;jpahtpy; 66% gjpypWg;ghsHfs; mtrufhy kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir
ngw;Ws;sdH;. ,yq;ifapNyh 33% khdtH;fNs ngw;Ws;sdH;.
gjpypWg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;kpF tpisTj; jhf;fk;:
ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; vz;zq;fs;mdp];ah Njhk];> tpkyh ,uhkypq;fk;
“Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd jkJ eltbf;iffis jd;dhHtj; njhz;lH; epWtdq;fs; kPsha;T nra;Ak;Ntis> xU rpy kPsha;TfNs gd;Kfg; ghq;fhd epWtdq;fis cs;thq;Ffpd;wd. kWKidapy; kPl;G kw;Wk; epthuz cjtp-fisg; ngWgtHfs; gad;ngWgth;fspd; ghH;itiaf; fzpg;gPL nra;tJ ,d;Dk; mupjhfNt cs;sJ.”
Pete
r Høv
ring/
Dan
Chu
rchA
id/A
CT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah ��gjpypWg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;kpF tpisTj; jhf;fk;: ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; vz;zq;fs;
ntt;NtW tifahd cjtpfs;
nrd;wile;j Ntfj;jpy; Kuz;ghLfSk;
tpj;jpahrq;fSk; ,Ue;jd. ,e;jpahtpy;
15% khdtH;fSk; ,yq;ifapy;
8% khdtH;fSk; khj;jpuNk jkJ
fhzhkw;Nghd cwtpdH;fis NjLk;
Kfkhf rpijTfis mfw;Wk; Jg;guT
gzpfs; ,lk;ngw;wjhf $wpdH;. kWjiy
ahf Nehf;fpd;> czT ,e;jpahtpy;
90% khdtHfisAk; 78% khdtHfis
,yq;ifapYk; 48 kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;Fs;
nrd;wile;Js;sJ. cz;ikapy;> rpy
jUzq;fspy; kpjkpQ;rpa czTfs;
nrd;wile;jJKz;L. xU ,e;jpa
gjpypWg;ghsH; “midj;J tif rikj;j
czTfSk; vk;ik te;jile;jJld;
mit kpjkpQ;rpAk; fhzg;gl;ld” vdf; $wpdhH;.
Muk;g toq;FdH;fspd;
tpguf;Fwpg;Gf;fspy; xU jj;&gkhd
NtWghL ,Ue;jJ. Kjy; 48
kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; fpl;lj;jl;l 36% khd ,e;jpa gjpypWg;ghsHfSf;F
cs;SH mur rhHgw;w ,af;fj;jpd;
VNjh tifahd cjtpfs;
fpilj;Js;sJld; ,yq;ifapNyh 4% khdtHfSf;Nf fpilj;Js;sd vd;gij
gjpypWg;gtHfspD}lhf mwpag;gl;lJ.
,e;jpahtpy; cs;SH mur epHthfk;
Fwpg;ghf jkpo; ehl;by; jkJ nfhs;jF
jpwDf;F Nkyhf nraw;gl;ldH;. “ehNkh my;yJ khtl;l epHthf mYtyfH;fNsh
epj;jpiu nra;atpy;iy” vd capHgpioj;Njhupy; xUtH; Fwpg;gpl;lJ
,jw;F cjhuzk;. ,e;jpahtpy;
miuthrpf;Fkjpfkhd gjpypWg;ghsHfs;>
jhk; mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fshYk;>
r%f epWtdq;fshYk;
12% MAjg;gilfshYk;
cjtpaspf;fg;gl;ljhff; $wpdu;.
,yq;ifapNyh MAjg;gilfs;
gjpypWg;ghsHfspy; 39%jpdUf;F cjtptoq;fpAs;sdu;. mur rhu;gw;w
epWtdq;fs; ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs;
toq;fpa cjtpfis 39% khd gjpypWg;ghsHfs; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.
,yq;if murpd; cjtpfis 4% khd gjpypWg;ghsHfNs cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.
‘,itnay;yhk; ,lk;ngw;wNghJ muR
vq;Nf NghapUe;jJ? midj;JNk
jhWkhW’ vd capu;gpioj;Njhu;
fUj;Jj;njuptpj;jdu;.
ePz;lfhy cjtp
ePz;lfhy mbg;gilapy; cjtp
ehk; Nkyjpfkhf Kjy; 60
ehl;fSf;fpilapyhd epthuz
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp tha;nkhopf;
fUj;Jf;fisf;Nfl;Nlhk;. ,yq;if
,e;jpah ,uz;bYNk>NeH;Kfk;
fhzg;gl;l miuthrpg;Ngu; mzT
tpdpNahfk; ruhrup juj;Jf;F
Nkyhf ,Ue;jjhfTk;> mz;zsthf
40%khdtu;fs; jhk; czit ngWk;
Njit Vw;gl;ljd; epkpj;jKk; czT
gfpug;gl;l tpjj;jpYk; mtkhd
czu;Tf;Fl;gl;ljhff; $wpdu;. ‘rpyNt isfspy; czT gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;l
kw;Wk; xUq;fikf;fg;gl;l Kiwfsp
dhy; jhk; gpr;irf;fhuu; Mfptpl;l
czu;T Vw;gl;lnjd xU gjpypWg;ghsH
$wpdhu;. ,e;jpahtpy; epthuzk; rhu;e;j
midj;J mk;rq;fspYk; toptlj;Jk;
gq;fpid muR vLf;f ,yq;ifapNyh
mjid ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs; nra;jd.
,e;jpahtpy; jdpahu; Jiw Fwpg;glj;jf;f
toikf;Fkhwhd cupaghj;jpuk; jhq;fp
nray;gl;lJ Nghd;W njd;gLfpwJ.
,q;F Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Muk;g
KbTfs; ngw;w gjpypWg;Gf;fisf;
fhl;bYk; Nkyjpfkhd tpdhf;fisNa
njhLj;Js;sd. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
mit cg tpisTj;jhf;fk;
kw;Wk; fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fspy;
Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gdtw;wpd; kl;by;
fzpg;gPLfspy; ghjpg;Gw;wtu;fSk;
cs;thq;fg;glNtz;ba njitia
mOj;jp Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;b cs;sd.
mdp];ah Njhk]; gpwpl;]; epiyaj;jpd; epu;thf ,af;Fdu; Mthu;.(www.fritzin-stitute.org) kpd; mQ;ry;: [email protected] ,uhkypq;fk; ,e;jpa nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; Kd;dhs; nrayhsu; ehafkhthu;. kpd; mQ;ry;: [email protected]
,e;jpah>
,dpj;jfiuapy;
Rdhkp>
Xiyf;
Fbirfis
mbj;Jr;
nrd;wJld;
nrq;fy;yhy;
my;yJ
fhq;fpwpl;lhy;
fl;lg;gl;l
tPLfisAk;
gykhfr;
Nrjg;gLj;jp
As;sJ.
2004 khHfopr; Rdhkp ntsp cyfpd; tpopfSf;Fs; Njdpytpd; miktplk;
vd;w khiyjPtpd; Njhw;wg;ghl;il NguopT tyak; vd;w kd cUthf xH
,uTf;Fs;NsNa nrUfpaJ.
FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT��
, e;j 1200 gtsj; jPTfisf; nfhz;l jPTf; $l;lk; cyfp-
NyNa 2.4 kPw;wUf;Fk; jho;epiyapy; cs;s ve;j xU ehl;ilAk;tpl caH jho;epiy nfhz;lit vd;why; kpi-fahfhJ. Nguoptpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahf ,we;jtHfspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwthf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; miyfs; Njrpa mstpy; ghupa mopTfis cUthf;fp
cs;sd:
108 Ngu; xd;wpy; ,we;Njh my;yJ fhzhkNyh NghAs;sdH.
FbapUg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;l 199 jPTfspy; 13 ,ypUe;J Kw;WKOjhf midtUk; ntspNaw;wg;gl;Ls;sdH.
ngWkjpkpf;f Nky;kz; flYf;Fs; fOtg;gl;L Ngha;tpl;lJ.
100 tpfpjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd jPTfs; fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhlHghly; Mfpa Jiwfspd; gpu-jhdkhd cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis ,oe;Js;sd.
10 tpfpjj;Jf;Fk; mjpfkhd tPl;Lf; foQ;rpaq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; Vuhskhdit gOjile;Js;sd.
15>000 njhlf;fk; 30>000 f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mjhtJ 5% njhlf;fk; 10% khd kf;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; ,lk;ngaHe;jdH.
rdj;njhifapy; %d;wpy; xd;wpd; tho;f;ifapNyh my;yJ tho;thjhuq;fspNyh ghuJ}ukhd ,ila+Wfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.
gq;Fdp eLg;gFjpfspy; murpd; cs;sf ,lk; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH gpupT> Mff;Fiwe;jJ 12>000 cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH ehl;by; ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy; ,Ue;jjhf fzpg;gpl;;lJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; kf;fs; nghJthf ,lj;Jf;fplk; ,lk; ngaHe;J nrd;W tho;tjdhYk; mNdfkhdtHfs; jkJ neUq;fpa cwtpdHfs; ,y;yq;fspy; ciwtplj;ijj; Njbf; nfhz;ljdhYk;> cz;ikahd ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH gw;wpa jtfy;fs; kpf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNt cs;sd.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Vida ehLfisg; Nghyy;yhJ> khiyjPT mz;ikf;fhy MAj Kuz;ghLfspNyh my;yJ ,aw;if mopTfspNyh mDgtj;ijf; nfhz;buhjjdhy;> ,e;j mstpyhd mtrufhy epiyikiaf; ifahs Maj;jkhapUf;ftpy;iy. NguopTf;F Kd;dH I.eh. mgptpUj;jp jpl;lk;> I.eh. epWtH epjpak;> cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; vd;gd khj;jpuNk rpwpa mYtyfq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jd. ,jdhy; I.eh.tpd; gpurd;dk; kpf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l mstpNyNa Rdhkpf;F Kd; ,Ue;jjdhy;> vjpHNehf;fpa rthy;fs; ghupajhf ,Ue;jd. If;fpa ,uhl;rpaj;jpd; tP.v];.X khj;jpuNk xNu xU rHtNjr epWtdkhf khiyjPtpy; ,Ue;Js;sJld; cs;Su; mur rhHgw;w epWtdj; JiwAk; kpfr; rpwpajhf ,Ue;jJ. rHtNjr r%fj;jpd; Nrit-fs; NtW ehLfspy; kpfg; ngUks
tpy; Ntz;lg;gl;ljpdhYk; cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu ifahSk; Njrpa jpl;lk; xd;W tFf;fg;glhjjpdhYk; khiyjPT murhq;fk; Nguoptpd; Muk;g fl;lq;fspy; gupjhgkhd fw;wy; gbKiwfSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;jJ.
mtrufhy epthuzf; fhyfl;lj;jpy;> ePH> czT tpepNahfk;> kUj;Jt cjtp> kpd;rhu tpepNahfj;ij rPHnra;jy;> jfty; jpul;ly; Nghd;w mk;rq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjpy; Nghf;Ftuj;J Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd gpujhd fhuzpahf ,Ue;jJ. khiyjPtpd; epy mikthdJ tlf;fpypUe;J njw;fhf 850 fP.kP f;F khj;jpuk; gue;Js;s xU epyg;gug;Gf;Fs; 199 jPTfspd; FbapUg;ghsHfisr; rpjwr; nra;J ghupa rthiy tpLf;fpwJ. mj;Jld; mNef Nghf;Ftuj;J cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fs; Fwpg;ghf tpkhd epiya> JiwKf> ,wq;F Jiw> glF Nrit Nghd;wit Rdhkpapy; mope;J Nghapd. Xl;Lnkhj;j yhK mw;Nwhy; (jPT) gy ehl;fshfj; njhiy njhlHG trjpapd;wp ,Ue;jJ.
rthy;fSk;; jPh;TfSk;
Nkw;Fwpj;j ,j;jifa R+o;epiyfSf;Fs;Sk;> epthuzg; gjpypWg;G eltbf;iffs; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhfNt ,Ue;jd. Fwpg;ghf> czT> ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhu trjpfs; vd;gdtw;wpy; mjptpiuthd tpepNah fk;> Rdhkpapd; Neub ghjpg;Gf;fshy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;Gf;Fg; Gwk;Ng vt;tpj njhw;W Neha; gutiyNah my;yJ kuzq;fisNah rk;gtpf;ftplhky; nra;jpUe;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ePz;l fhy Nehf;fpy; ehL ghupa rthy;fis Kfq; nfhLf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. miyfshy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l cly;> cs> r%f> nghU shjhu ghjpg;Gf;fis rPH nra;tjpYk; Rdhkpf;F Kd;dhd tho;f;ifj; juj;ij kPz;Lk; nfhz;L tUtjpYk; Mw;wg;gLk; gzpfSld; NrHj;J> vjpHfhyj;jpy; Vw;glf; $ba NguopTfSf;F> Fwpg;ghf g+Nfhs rkepiy khw;wj;jhy; fly; kl;l caHr;rpia Kd;$l;bNa fzpj;J ,e;j rpwpa jPTfs; ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk; epiyia Fiwg;gjw;F> kpfg; gue;j mstpy; Vuhskhd Ntiy fisAk; nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ. cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhupd; gpur;rpidfs;> xl;L nkhj;j ehl;bd; ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapyhd mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis> ftdj;jpy; cs;thq;fpa tz;zk; FLk;gq;fspdJk; r%fq;fspdJk; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd NjitfSf;F gjpypWg;gJld; njhlHGgl;lJkhd kpfTk; ftdj;Jf;Fl;gl;l rkepiy jd;ik nghUe;jpa eltbf;if xd;iwNa ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
Xt;nthU jPTNk jdf;nfd tpNrl Fzhk;rj;ijAk; kpfg;gykhd r%ff; fzpg;igAk; nfhz;Ls;s xU Njrpaj;ij ,izg;gjw;F tpj;jpahrkhd jPHTfs;> jw;fhypf
tPl;Lf;fhd trjpia Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. XU rpy jPT fspy; nghJ gLf;if trjpfSk; kyry$l trjpfSk; nfhz;l ntsp kz;lgKk; midj;J czTfisAk; rikf;ff;$ba xU kj;jpa rpw;Wz;br; rhiyiaAk; cs;slf;fpa tpLjp khjpupia xj;j jq;Fkplq;fs; Kjypy; fl;lg;gl;ld. NguopT Kfhikj;Jt Njrpa ikaj;ijr;1 NrHe;j nks&g; [kPy; mtHfspd; fUj;Jg;gb> ,lk; ngaHe;jtHfspy; mNefkhdtHfSf;F Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l trjpfis Vida FLk;gq;fSld; gfpHtjpy; mt;tsT kfpo;r;rp ,y;iynad;Wk; jkJ czTf isj; jhNk rikf;fTk; tpUk;Gtjhf $wpdhH. kPd;gpb> kPs;gjg;gLj;Jjy;> cy;yhrg;gazk; Nghd;w tUkhdkPl;lw; nraw;ghLfSf;fhd trjpia ,oe;j ,lk; ngaH r%fj;jtHfs; Rje;jpuk; Nghjhnjd;w czHit ,J NkYk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;Js;sJ. ,jd; ngW Ngwhf> %d;W miwfisf; nfhz;l tPl;L myFfs; mjhtJ jdp ri-kay; kw;Wk; Fspayiw> fopayiw trjpfs; nfhz;l xt;nthU myFk; xU FLk;gj;Jf;F vd;w mbg;gilapy; fpilf;Fk; tz;zk; xU mZFKiw cUthdJ.
Vida jPTfspy;> ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu jkJ ,y;yq;fSf;Fs; te;J tho kd xg;GjYld; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; FLk;gq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,j;jifa #o;epiy ,d;Dk; gy khjq;fSf;Nfh my;yJ tUlq;fSf;Nfh$l njhluyhk; vd;gJ ,g;NghJ njspthf njd;glj; njlqfpAs;sjhy;> FLk;gq;fspd; kPJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbah Rikia Vw;wpa epiyNa cs;sJ. rpWtH cupikf;fhd mur ikaj;jpd; VSO rpWtH ghJfhg;G MNyhrfH Nu]p yhkd; $Wifapy; “msTf;fjpfkhd Ml;fs; mjd; tpisthf njhlHr;rpahd mOj;jk;> ftiy vd;gd nghWg;Ngw;w FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; jq;fpapUf;Fk; FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; Vuhskhd gpur;ridfisf; nfhz;L te;Js;sJld; rpWtH ghJfhg;gpd; kl;by; ghupa rpf;fy;fisAk; Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. khiyjPtpd; nghWg;Ngw;Ws;s tPLfspy; me;juq;fk; Ngzy; FiwthfTs;sJld;> jw;fhypf jq;Fkplq;fspy; ngz;fSf;F mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf taJ te;j ,sk; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw ghypay; J];gpuNahfk; vd;gdtw;wpd; mghaepiy mjpfupj;Js;sijAk; a+.vd;.vg;.uP.V. Rl;bf;fhl;b vr;rupj;Js;sJ. khkpfpyp jPtpd; mw;Nwhy; jiytH mypg; lhy; mtHfshy; jPl;lg;gl;l xU jPHT Kiw ahdJ cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; FLk;gq;fs; jkJ tPl;Lld; ,d;DnkhU gpuj;jpNahf mi-wfis mNj tstpw;Fs; fl;LtJk;> mjD}lhf msTf;fjpfkhNdhuhy; Vw;gLk; neUf;fbia Fiwg;gJk; MFk;. Mj;Jld; nghWg;Ngw;w FLk;gq;fspd; jhuhs kdJf;Ff; ifkhwhf epue;jukhdnjhU rpwpa gyid toq;FtJkhFk;. muR$l nghWg;Ngw;Fk; FLk;gq;fSf;F mbg;gil czT tpepNahfj;ijAk; nra;J tUfp wJ.
gq;Fdpj; njhlf;fj;jpy;> kdpj Nea mYty;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; I.eh.tpd; gzpkid (X.rP.vr;.V) cs;sf ,lk;
njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk;
khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp `pb gpuTz;
FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT �9njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk; khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp
ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd epge;jidfis khi-yjPT ngWtjw;fhd xU nraw;jpl;lj;ij nfhz;L elj;jpaJ. mtHfsJ Muk;g mwpf;ifahdJ tpaf;fitf;Fk; mstpy; jw;fhypf ,y;yq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gij Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;baJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; rHtNjr topfhl;ly;fspd; kl;by; Njrpa kl;l tpopg;GzHT FiwT vd;gjdhy;> ];gpaH gpukhzq;fis2 g+Hj;jp nra;tjw;F nfhs;jFjpwd; jtwptpl;lJ. ,jdhy; jw;fhypf tPLfis mikf;Fk; gzp> ,e;jf; FiwghLfis eptHj;jpf;Fk; Kfkhf njhlHe;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ.
jkJ vjpHfhyk; njhlHghd jfty;fs; Fiwthf cs;sjd; epkpj;jk;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhupilNa Vf;fk; Vw;gl;Ls;sij X.rP.vr;.V. tpd; mwpf;if Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ. khiyjPT muR gq;Fdp 20053 ,y; ntspapl;l Njr-pa kPl;rp kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhd jpl;lj;jpy;> ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy; ,lk;ngWk; jpl;lkplYf;F r%fj;Jld; fye;J MNyhrpg;gjw;F jd;id mHg;gzpj;Js;sij ntspg;gLj;jp cs;sJ. kpfTk; neUlyhd kPs;FbNaw;wk; gw;wpa tpilaj;ij Kd;ndLf;Fk;Ntis tpj;jpahrkhd ,lk;ngaHe;j jPTr; r%fq;fspd; kpff;Fwpg;gpl;l Njitg;ghLfis jhk; ifahSthHfs; vd kf;&g;up [kPy; vjpHT $Wfpd;whH.
1998 ,y; FbapUg;Gf;Fl;gl;l jPTfspd; vz;zpf;ifia Fiwf;Fk; nghUl;L Rakhd cs;sff; FbngaHtpid Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf Fbrdk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpul;ba nfhs;ifia mwpKfk; nra;jJ. ,j;je;jpNuhghaj;jpd; mbg;gilahf cs;s fhuzq;fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;thq;Ffpd;wd.
thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J> Fsp&l;b kw;Wk; kPs;gjg;gLj;Jk; cs;sf trjp vd;gd fpilf;ff;$bajhf cs;sjdhy;> kPd; gpbg;gjw;fhd jsq;fspd; neUf;fk; cs;slq;fyhf
fiye;J tpyfpr; nry;tjw;fhd tuyhw;Wj; Njitfs; ,y;iy vd;w cz;ik.
199 jPTfspy; mJTk; 59% khd itfspy; 1000 NgUf;Fk; Fiw thd kf;fs; rdj; njhifiaf; nfhz;Ls;s #o;epiyapy; cs;sff; fl;Lkhdq;fisAk; nghJ Nritf isAk; gpujp nra;jy; vd;gJ mur tsq;fisAk; kdpj tYitAk; eypthd epiyapy; tp];jupf;fpd;wJ.
Xd;wpize;J gyg;gLj;Jjy; tpNrlj;Jtk; nghUe;jpa caHkl;l Nritfis Kd;Ndw;wfukhf ngWtjw;F kf;fis mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.
gykhd jPT milahsq;fs; fhuz-khf> kf;fis Fbngaur; nry;tjw;F Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; kpfTk; fbdkhd-njd Kd;dH ep&gpf;fg;gl;lJ. gy jPTfspy; xl;Lnkhj;j r%fq;fis ,lk;ngaur; nra;tjd; %yKk; cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis jfHj;jjd;%yKk;> Rdhkp ,e;jg;gpur;ridia ePz;l fhy mbg;gilahd fl;Lkhd jpl;lkply;rhH fUj;jhlypd; Kd;thpir epiyf;F nfhz;L nrd;Ws;sJ. gyE}w;whz;Lfshf kdpj FbapUg;Gf;fs; ,Ue;j mNjNtis ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk; epiy caHthf fhzg;gLk; jPTfis> muR kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;gNtz;Lkh? my;yJ rpwg;ghd NritfisAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l #oy; ghJfhg;gpidAk; nfhz;l jPT-fspy;> ,lk;ngaHe;j r%fq;fis kPs; FbNaw;wYf;F Njitahd fl;Lkhd epjpfisAk; Kaw;rpfisAk;> muR ,yf;fhf;f Ntz;Lkh?
Njrpa kPl;rp kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fj;jpl;lj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fis> kPs; FbNaw;Wk; Kfkhf mgptpUj;jp nra;a 5 jPT-fis muR njhpT nra;Js;sJ. kPs;FbNaw;wj;Jf;fhd Kd;Dhpik tPLfspd; ghhpa Nrjq;fis re;jpj;j jPTfisr; NrHe;j r%fq;fSf;Nf
nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mNjNtis> ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;glty;y rpwpa jPTfisr; NrHe;j Vida kf;fSf;Fk;> mtHf sJ Ntz;LNfhspd; mbg;gilapy; kPs;FbNaw;wk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. kPs;FbNaw kf;fis Cf;fg;gLj;JKfkhf mtH-fis nghWg;Ngw;f Kd;tUk; jPT fs; gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.
FbapUg;G kw;Wk; r%f trjpfs;
KO mstpyhd nghJNritfs;
nghUshjhuj; Jiwfspd; gd;Kfg;ghq;F
NtW jPTfSld; rpwe;j Nghf;Ftuj;J ,izg;G
,d;Dkjpfkhd tsHr;rpf;F toptFf;Fk; cs;sff; fl;Lkhdk;.
,e;j jPTfs; vjpHfhy Rdhkpapd; jhf;fj;ij Fiwf;fty;y ghJfhg;G Kd; mizfs;> ghJfhg;G Njlf;$ba gy khbf;fl;llq;fs;> <w;wpy; ehLKOtJk; gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;f je;jpNuhghaq;fs; ,g;gb Vuhskhd Kd;Ndw;wfhukhd mk;rq;fis ,yf;Fitj;j Kjy; jPT fshf jpfOk;.
Njrpa kPl;rpf;Fk; ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;Fkhd jpl;lk;> kPs;FbNaw;wk;> Gjpa ,lq;fspy; FbakHj;jy; Kw;WKOjhf Nfhhpf;if ikakhdjhfTk; RatpUg;ig mbg;giliaf; nfhz;ljhfTk; cs;snjdf; $WfpwJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ntspNaw;wg;gl;l r%fq;fisg; nghWj;jkl;by; kPs;FbakHj;jy; vd;gJ xU nghUl;lhdjhf ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;y. xU jPtpd; ngUk;ghd;ikahd FbapUg;ghsHfs; kPz;Lk; ,Ug;gjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;why; mj;jPTf;Fhpa VidatHfs; jkJ rpije;j ,y;yq;fSf;F jpUk;gp> cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis kPsTk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;gJ elthjnthU fhhpak;. mNjNtis> NguspTfis cz;ikapy; mDgtpj;j mNjNtis kdtpUg;Gld; ntspNaWgtHfs; $l
Scot
t Lec
kie
FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT/Mgphpf;fh�0 njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk; khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp
jkJ Gjpa ,y;yq;fSf;F jk;ik gof;fg;gLj;j nghpa rkhspg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,jdhy; midj;ijAk; cs;thq;fpa csr; r%f MjuTf;fhd Njitg;ghL njhlHe;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
Rfhjhuf;fy;tpf;fhd rq;fj;jpd; csey cjtpj;Jiw ,izg;ghsuhfTk; NguopT Kfhikj;Jt Njrpa epiyaj;jpy; ,af;FeuhfTk; r%f csey MjuT gphptpd; gjpy; ,izg;ghsUkhfTk; Ma;]j; ]Fth mfkl; cs;shH. xNuxU csr;rpfpr;irahsiuAk; XUrpy gapw;wg;gl;l csey cjtpah-sHfisAk; ehl;by; itj;Jf;nfhz;L Mapuf;fzf;fhd kdk;ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fSf;F csey cjtpaspj;jy; vd;gJ xUghhpa rthyhf cs;snjd mtH $wpdhH. rk;gtk; elj;jgpd; cl bahf cs;SH njhopy;rhH csey tpw;gdHfspd; jd;dhHtj;njhz;bd; mbg;gilapy; gzp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
A+.vd;.vg;.gP.Vapd; cjtpAld; ,e;jpa nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; csr;r%f KjYjtp gapw;rpg;gl;liw xd;iw
elj;jpajpy; ,Ue;J> khiyjPT mzp apdH 70f;Fkjpfkhd jPTfSf;F nrd;W ,jaG+Ht nrtpkLj;jy; nray;ghLfisAk; fLikahd csr;r%f ghjpg;Gw;wtHfSf;F Njitg;gLk; cldb NritfisAk; toq;fp cs;sdu;. md;whl capH tho;jYf;fhf NghuhLtjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; ngw;NwhUf;F kj;jpapy; csj;jhf;fq;fis ntspg;gLj;j Kbahj rpWtHfs; jk;ik ntspg;gLj;j cjTk; Kfkhf tpisahl;L> iftpidfspD}lhf Fzkhf;fy; Nghd;w Kiwfis ,tHfs; Iehtpd; rpwtH epjpaj;jpd; cjtpAld; gad;gLj;jp cs;sdH.
r%f csey cjtpg;gphpT mur mikr;rpd; cj;jpNahfG+Ht gphpthf $batpiutpy; khwptpLk; #oy; cs;sJ. Kd;dH ghpl;rakpy;yhj gy;NtW NguopT gjpypWg;G mk;rq;fSld; $batpiutpy; r%f csey cjtpAk; khiyjPtpy; muR kw;Wk; rptpy; r%fj;jpd; ehshe;j Ngr;rpy; xU mq;fkhf khwptpLk;. kpf mz;ikapy; ,lk;ngw;w my;yJ ,we;jfhyj;jpd; kdj;jhf;fq;fis
epidTf;fisf;fhky; kWjypj;Jf; nfhz;L vjpHfhyj;ij jpl;lkpLtJ ,ayhj fhhpak;. vjpHfhyj;jpy; ,aw;if vjidnay;yhk; khiyjPtpd; kPJ Nguopthf tPrpnawpa Kw;gLNkh mijnay;yhk; ifahSk; rpwe;j Maj;jepiyapy; khiyjPT ,Uf;Fk; vd ek;gyhk;.
`pb gpuTz; - khiyjPT Rfhjhu mikr;rpy; gzpGhpAk; tPv];X jd;dhHtg; gzpahsH. kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected] ,f;fl;Liu mtuJ jw;Wzptpy; vOjg;gl;lJ.4
1. www.tsunamimaldives.mv2. www.sphereproject.org3. www.undp.org/bcpr/disred/documents/tsunami/maldives/md_nrrp.pdf4. ksshiyjPtpd; A+vd;vt;gpVapd; vkh GO> rpWtu;
cupikfSf;fhd gpuptpd; Nwrp yhkd;> v];vr;<apd;
m];aj; ]hFy;yh> Njrpa Ngudu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt
ikaj;jpd; nksUg; Ikpy;> xf;];ghk; [pgpapd;
khf; ,td;];> tPv];X khiyjPtpd; ]pth Mu;ay;>
khiyjPT Aepnrg;,d; cd;dp rpy;Nfhnrw;> khi-
yjPT gad;kpF Ibgp ikaj;jpd; Ma;]j; ]pfhk;
MfpNahUf;F Mf;fpNahdpd; ed;wp.
rHtNjr r%fj;jpd; ftdk;
njd; Mrpa ehLfspy; Vw;gl;l
Nrjq;fspy; Ftpf;fg;gl;l Ntis>
kj;jpa Nfhl;bypUe;J 6000km f;F
mg;ghy; ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpd; Nkw;Fg;
gf;fj;jpy; Rdhkp Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;jpw;F
vt;tpj ftdKk; nfhLf;fg;gl;ljhfj;
njupatpy;iy. jd;rhdpah 10 NgH
,we;jjhf mwptpj;jJ. nfd;ahtpy;
,UtH. Mdhy; 14 tUl Aj;jj;jhYk;
tul;rpahYk; tYtpoe;JNghd
kj;jpa muirf; nfhz;lJk; mjpfk;
ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdJkhd Nrhkhypahtpy;
290 kuzq;fSk; fpl;lj;jl;l 54>000
Nghpd; ,lk;ngaHTk; ,lk;ngw;wJ.
fiuNahu kf;fspd; 75% tPjkhd
tUkhdj;ijf; nfhLj;j 600 kPd;gpbg;
glFfs; Nrjkhf;fg;gl;ld. tlfpof;fhf
`hGd; ,y; ,Ue;J fufl; tiuahd
650 fp.kP. gue;J tphpe;j fiuNahu
kf;fspd; tho;Tk; njw;fhf fPo; [Pgh
gpuNjrk;> mNjNghd;W nkhfbR tpd;
njw;F vd;gdTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. Ra
khfg; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l Rahl;rpg;
gpuhe;jpakhd Gd;l;yhd;l; ,Yk;
ghhpa Nrjk; Vw;gl;lJ. `hGd; efhpd;
cs;sff; fl;Lkhdq;fs; midj;Jk;
mNdfkhf mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. cjtp
epthuzj;Jf;fhfg; ghpe;Jiuf;f>
Nrhkhypah xU muir nfhz;buhjJ
Iehtpd; jatpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk;
epiyia Vw;gLj;jp cs;sJ. Ieh rp-
Wth; epjpaKk; cyf czT
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lKk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jkJ
tsq;fSf;Fs; epiwaNt nra;Js;sdH.
Mdhy; epjp epWtdq;fs; ehl;bd;
Njitfspd; kl;by; nghWg;gw;wtHfshf
,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. rpj;jpiu khj
Muk;gj;jpy; Iehtpd; Nrhkhypahtpw;fhd
2005k; Mz;bd; jpul;ba tpz;zg;gj;jpy;
Nfhug;gl;bUe;j epjpapy; 3 tPjkhdNj
cWjpaspf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
,e;J rKj;jpu ehlhd nra;r;rpy;yp]; ,y;
2 NgH ,we;Jk; 900 FLk;gq;fs; jkJ
tPLfis ,oe;Jk; ,Ue;jd. miyfs;
ghhpa nts;sj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jJld;
Fwpg;gplg;gLk; gbahd Nrjj;ij Jiw
Kfk; cs;slq;fyhf Nghf;Ftuj;J>
cs;sf fl;Lkhdk;> tPjp tiyg;gpd;dy;>
ghyq;fs;> nghJ trjpfs;> tPLfs;>
kfp kw;wk; gpu];bd; jPTfspd; jdpahH
nrhj;Jf;fs; vd;gdtw;Wf;F Vw;gLj;jp
,Ue;jd. muR Vw;gl;l Nrjj;ijj;
jpUj;j 30 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyH
fisf; fzpg;gpl;bUe;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;
rHtNjr r%fq;fs; gjpypWg;gjpy; kpf
jhkjkhfNt ,Ue;jd. itfhrpapd;
Muk;gj;jpy; Iehtpd; ,e;J rKj;jpu
mtru tpz;zg;gj;jpy; jpl;lkplg;gl;bUe;j
11.5 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyhpy; 4.4
kpy;ypaidNa nra;r;rpy;yp]; ngw;wJ.
,jdhy; jpl;lkplg;gl;l GdHtho;T
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpid jhkjkhf
Muk;gpf;fg;glNtz;b ,Ue;jJ.
nfd;ahTk; jd;]hdpahTk;jhd;
Rdhkpahy; ,Wjpahfj; jhf;fg;gl;l
,UehLfs;. cy;yhrg; gazpfs;
flw;fiu cy;yhr tpLjpf
spy; ,Ue;J mfw;wg;gl;ldH.
,Ug;gpDk; ,we;jtHfis ,r;nra;jp
vl;bapUf;ftpy;iy. ,uhl;rj
miyfspd; mopTj;jpwd;gw;wp
Vida ehLfsplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk;
jfty;fisf; flj;Jtjw;fhd
cjTk; ,aq;FEl;gk; mjpfhhpfSf;F
,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mgphpf;fhtpy; rptpy;
ghJfhg;G jahHepiyf;Fk; Nguopitf;
Fiwf;Fk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fkhd
Njitia Rdhkp ntspg;gLj;jp cs;sJ.
,jid kjpj;jjd; tpisthf> rPd
nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fKk; rPd muRk;
NguopTf;fhd gjpypWg;Gf; nfhs;jF
jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf> jd;rhdpa
nrQ;rpYit rq;fj;Jf;F ed;nfhil
mspj;Js;sdH.
rHtNjr r%fk; Mgphpf;fhtpy; Rdhkp
ahy; Nkhrkhfg; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fSf;Fk;>
r%fq;fSf;fk;> ehLfSf;Fk;
cjTtjw;F Vuhsk; nra;a KbAk;.
Mgphpf;fhtpy; Rdhkp kw;Wk; vjpH-
fhy NguopTf;fhd vy;yh tpj
gjpypWg;G eltbf;iffSk; cs;sf
,lk;ngaHT rhHe;j Iehtpd; topfhl;ly;
Nfhl;ghLfspd; nghUj;jg;ghl;bid
kjpg;gjD}lhf tbtikf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
gfhkp nuhk;; ead;Lfh> khdpl
kw;Wk; kf;fspd; chpikfSf;fhd
Mgphpf;f Mizaj;jpd; cWg;gpdUk;>
Mgphpf;fhtpd; cs;sf ,lk;
ngaHe;jtHfs;> mfjp me;j];J
NfhUNthH> mfjpfs; MfpNahUf;fhd
tpNrl njhlHghsUkhthu;. kpd;dQ;ry;:
Rdhkp gw;wpa Xh; Mgphpf;f fUj;J epiy gfhkp nuhk; ead;LfhcyF> ,yFthf nghJtpy; mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiy nfhz;l xU G+Nfhsf; fpuhkk; vd;gijAk; Mgphpf;fhtpd; Njitfs; vg;NghJNk ,uz;lhk; epiyiaNa ngWfpd;wJ vd;gijAk; Rdhkp vkf;F epidTgLj;jpAs;sJ.
FMR Rdhkp – Mgphpf;fh �1
tul;rp KbTf;FtUk; me;jj;
jUthapYk;> gd;klq;fhfp
epd;w ,j;jifa mjpHr;rpfspy; ,Ue;J
[PtNdhghaj; Jiwfs; kPsj; njhlq;Fk;
me;j NtisapNy Rdhkp jhf;fpAs;sJ.
‘fufhl;’f;F tlf;fpy; njd;gFjpf;Fr; rw;Wj; njhiy tpy;
`hGd; ,y; ,Ue;j Gd;l;yhd;l;
gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ngUk; fiuNahug; gFjp
ia> Fwpg;ghf 650 fp.kp. gue;j fiu
Nahug; gFjpia Rdhkp jhf;fpAs;sJ.
Rdhkpapd; jhf;fk;> kdpj capHr;Nrjk;>
cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fspy; mopT> ePH
tsq;fs; mRj;jkiljy;> [PtNdh
gha cgfuzq;fspd; ,og;G vd
gy;NtW tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
fpl;lj;jl;l 44>000 kf;fSf;F mjhtJ
mz;zsthf 7>300 FLk;gq;fSf;F
FbePH> czT> kUj;Jtk; kw;Wk;
tPLfs;> jq;Fkpl GdHepHkhzk; my;yJ
fl;Lkhdk; vd;gd cs;slq;fyhd
mtrufhy kdpj Nea cjtpfs;
Njitahf ,Ue;jd. fiuNahuj;ij
mz;ba fpuhkq;fspy; tho;e;j mNd-
fkhdtHfspd; [PtNdhghak;$l
ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstp
yhd NrhkhypaHfs; cr;r kPd;gpbf;
fhyj;jpy; (fhHj;jpifapypUe;J khrp
tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjp) kPd; gpbf;fTk;>
gjdplTk;> tpw;gid nra;aTk; fiu
Nahuk; nry;tJ tof;fk;. Rdhkp jhf;
fpa Ntis toikf;F khwhf rd
mlHj;jp> fiuNahuk; vq;fpYk; kpf
caHthf ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf
289 kPdtHfs; ,we;Njh my;yJ
fhzhkw; NghNah cs;sdH. fiu
Nahu r%fq;fspd; gpujhd tUkhdk;
<l;Lk; njhopw;ghlhd kPd;gpbj; Jiwf;F
,ioj;j Nrjk; kpfg; ngupaJ.
ke;ij Nka;f;Fk; r%fq;fspy;> rpy
FLk;g cWg;gpdHfs; jkJ fhy; eil
fSld; ePH kw;Wk; Gy; jiufis ehb
xt;nthU tUlKk; ePz;l fhyk; ,lk;
ngaHe;J nry;tJk; Vida FLk;g
cWg;gpdHfs; mbg;gil Nritfisg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba ,lq;fspy;
jq;fp ,Ug;gJk; xU nghJthd tplak;.
njhlHr;rpahfTk; tplhg;gpbj;jdkhfTk;
4 tUlq;fs; ePbj;jpUe;j tul;rp>
ngUksT ke;ijfis fzf;fpy;yhky;
mopj;jjpd; tpisthf Mjutw;wtHfshf
khwpapUe;j ke;ij Nka;g;gHfs;$l
khw;W [PtNdhgha topfis
Njb fiuNahuf; fpuhkq;fSf;F
efHe;jpUe;jdH. mtHfsJ> ,Wjpahf
vQ;rp kpQ;rpapUe;j tsq;fs; $l Rdhkp
apy; ,of;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld. mNef ke;ij
Nka;g;gtHfSf;F> ghuk;gupa vjpHT
nfhs;sy; je;jpNuhghaq;fspd; rpijTf;F
,l;Lr; nry;Yk; ,Wjp mwpFwpahf
Rdhkp cs;sJ.
rHtNjr r%fkhdJ Rdhkpf;F
kpf tpiuthf gjpypWf;fj;jf;fjhf
,Ue;jJld; nghJthd ghJfhg;gpd;ik>
kpf Nkrkhd ftdpg;ghuw;w tPjp>
cs;sff; fl;Lkhdk;> nghUl;fisg;
ngWtjpy; fhzg;gl;l ghuJ}ukhd
gpur;rpidfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F
kj;jpapYk; ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fSf;F
epthuzj;ij toq;fpaJ. khrp 2005
,y;> epWtdq;fSf;fpilapyhd
gy;gpupTf; fzpg;gPl;Lg; gzpf;FO>
jdJ Ma;tpy; Kd;Ndw;ghlhf ep-
thuzg; nghUl;fs; Nrkpj;J
itj;jpUe;jjpdhYk; ,e;J rKj;jpu
tpiuthd Ntz;LNfhSf;$lhfg; ngw;w
epjpapy; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;l Nkyjpf
ifapUg;gpd; epkpj;jKk; ghjpg;Gw;w
kf;fspd; rpf;fy;kpf;f kdpj Njitfs;
g+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd vd;gij
fz;lwpe;jdH. mj;Jld;> ,g;gzpf;
FOtpdH> Mff;Fiwe;jJ 40% khd ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; njhlHr;rpahd
MjuitAk; [PtNdhgha
cjtpiaAk; mLj;j
kPd;gpb fhyg;gFjpahd
Ig;grp 2005 tiu ngw;Wf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghNj
gjpypWg;Gj; jpl;lkhdJ
mtru fhy
eltbf;ifapypUe;J kPl;rp
kw;Wk; GdHtho;T nraw;ghLfSf;F
khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;W MNyhridAk;
toq;fpdH.
jw;NghJ [.ehtpd; Nrhkhypahtpw;fhd
FOtpdH Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fSf;fhd xd;wpize;j
mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ijj;
jPHkhdpf;Fk; gbKiwapy; cs;sdH.
,J Nrhkhypahtpy; fhzg;gLk;
gue;j fLikahd kdpj Nea
R+o;epiyAld; Nkyjpfkhd RdhkprhH
gjpypWg;Gf;fis xd;wpizf;f cjty-
hk;. mj;Jld; Rdhkp gjpypWg;G vd;gJ
XU gFjp khj;jpuk; vd;gJld; Vida
khdpl NjitfsAk; ftdj;jpnyLj;J
nraw;gLfpd;wnjd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jTk;
nra;Ak;.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
gpuhe;jpaj;Jf;fg;ghy;> Nrhkhypahtpd;
Vida gy;NtW gpuhe;jpaq;fspYk;
czT> [Pthjhu ghJfhg;Gj;jd;ik>
xl;Lnkhj;j Mgj;Jf;Fs;shFk; epiy
vd;gd fLikahfg; gPbj;Js;sd.
2005k; Mz;L njhlf;fj;jpy; FAO
,d; czTg; ghJfhg;Gg; gFg;gha;Tg;
gpupthy;> rpW kiof;F Kd;dH
ntspapl;l fzpg;gPl;by; 500>000 f;Fk;
mjpfkhd kf;fSf;F #oy; rPuopTf;F
fhuzkhd gpur;rid> tul;rpapd;
njhlHr;rpahd jhf;fk;> nts;sk;> rptpy;
Aj;jk;> tHj;jfj;Jf;F njhlHr;rpahf
,Ue;JtUk; jil vd;gdtw;wpd;
tpisthf njhlHr;rpahf kdpj
Nea cjtpfs; Njitahf cs;sd
vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;bapUe;jJ. mj;Jld;
mz;zsthf 370>000 ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH>
mbg;gilr; Nritfs;> tUkhd
<l;lYf;fhd tha;g;G> Nghd;wdtw;iw
ngWtjpy; jho;epiyapYk;>
kpff;fLikahd tWikapYk;
tho;fpd;wdH.
cs;SH Kuz;ghLfs;> tul;rpapd;
jhf;fk; vd;gdtw;wpy; Jd;GWk;
gpuNjrq;fspy; 20% ,w;Fk; mjpf
khd Nghrhf;fpd;ik gjpthfp
cs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf [_th kw;Wk;
[_L gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; ,e;epiy
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd;
mtrufhy Njitfs; ngUkstpy;
g+Hj;jpahFk; Ntisapy;> Vida
mghaj;Jf;Fs; ,yFthf cl;gLk;
my;yJ vjpHNehf;FNthupd;kPJ ,dp
ftdk; Ftpf;fg;gly; mtrpak;. Rdhkp
ia Nehf;fp ftdk; jpUg;gg;gLk;NghNj>
Vida mNjNtis mjw;F
rkkhdtw;wpd; kPJk; ,yf;F itj;j
capu;fhf;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gly; mtrpak;.
,y;iynadpy; ,d;Dkjpfkhd
mghaj;Jf;Fs; ,yFthf cl;gLk;
jug;Gf;fspd; mgha epiyia
mjpfupf;Fk;. ts xJf;fPl;by; rkepiy
kw;Wk; tpfpjhrhuk; NgzYf;fhd
Njit gw;wpa czHT> Mjutpd;wp
cs;s ke;ij Nka;g;gtHfspd; Fuypy;
njhdpj;jJ.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w fiuNahuj;ij
Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; cjtpfis ghHj;j
mtHfs; ‘ehk; cz;gjw;nfd;W ,Ug;gJ
cq;fsJ wf; tz;bfs; tpl;Lr;nry;Yk;
GOjp khj;jpuNk’ vd Kiwapl;ldu;.
,f;fl;LiuahdJ> Nrhkhypahtpw;fhd kdpj Nea mYty;fis xd;wpizf;Fk; I. eh. mYtyfg; gzpahsu;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. Nkyjpf jfty;fSf;F kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected] or [email protected]
Nrhkhypahtpd; jw;Nghija gpur;rpidfis Rdhkp
NkYk; Nkhrkilar; nra;fpwJkdpj Nea mYty;fis xd;wpizf;Fk; I. eh. mYtyfk;> Nrhkhypah
RdhkpahdJ> Vw;fdNt kdpj mtyr; R+o;epiyahd njhlH
tul;rpapd; tpisT> ciwa itf;Fk; vjpHghuhj kio> R+whtsp>
fpsHe;njOk; td;Kiw> rkahrka nts;sk; Nghd;wdtw;Wld;
$l;Lr;Nru;e;js;sJ.
mNdf ,ilau;fSf;F> ghuk;gupa
vjpu;Tnfhs;sy; je;jpNuhghaj;jpd; rpijTf;F
mtu;fis ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; ,Wjpf; fhuzpah-
fr; Rdhkp cs;sJ
“cq;fsJ wf; tz;bfs;
tpl;Lr;nry;Yk; GOjpjhd;
ehk; cz;Zf;$ba xNu-
nahU nghUs;”
,e;jg; glq;fs; ahTk; ,yq;ifapd; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; thOk; rpWtHfshy; tiuag;gl;l 62 rpj;jpuq;fspd;
njhFg;Gfspy; fhzg;gLgit. 5 taJ njhlf;fk; 16 taJ tiuahd rpWtHfs; Rdhkpapd; JaHkpF epidT-
fis mopg;gjw;F cjtpahf ,tw;iw tiue;jdu;. ,it gpUj;jhdpa Nty;]; ,d; Njrpa fhl;rpaj;jpy; fhl;rpf;F
itf;fg;gl cs;sd. khHfop 2005 ,y; mit ,izaj; jsj;Jf;$lhf Vyj;jpy; tplg;gl;L jpul;lg;gLk; epjp fjpuntsp
vDk; fpuhkj;jpYs;s rpWtH mdhij ,y;yj;jpw;F toq;fg;gLk;. (,f;fpuhkj;jpNyNa ,uz;L jrhg;j fhy Aj;jj;jhy;
mdhijahf;fg;gl;ltHfSld; mNdfH
,q;F xd;whf ,d;W tho;fpd;wdH)
ypt;tpq; nfupNl[; w];l; vDk; cs;Su;
epWtdk;> cyfpd; gy;NtW ,lq;fisAk;
Nru;e;j njhz;lHfspd; cjtpAld; Rdh
kpahy; capH gpioj;Njhupd; tho;it
kPsf; fl;bnaOg;g cioj;J tUfpd;wdH.
vg;.vk;.MH ,d; thrfHfs; Vyj;jpy;
fye;J nfhs;stijg;gw;wp ftdj;jpy;
nfhs;syhk;.. mNjNtis ed;nfhil
mDg;Gtnjd;why;
Llanwrtyd Wells Tsunami Appeal, HSBC, 3� High Street, Builth Wells, Powys LD2 3DL, Wales, UK. Account number �1390���. Sort code �0-1�-1�
rpj;jpu Ntiyg;ghL kw;Wk; Vyk; njhl-
ghd Nkyjpf jfty;fSf;F
Gwyneth Keeble: Tel + �� (0)1�91 �10���; kpd;dQ;ry; Terry92��@aol.com
ypt;tpq; nfupNl[; w];l;
rpWtH fiyQH gw;wpa
jfty;fSf;F ,iza-
jsk;: http://livingheritage.org kw;Wk; http://news.websfor.com/lankarelief/home/home.asp?A9�9 my;yJ fbjj;
njhlu;Gf;F ��-C, Fisher-man Road, Tiruchendur, Kal-lady, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. Tel: +9� �� 31� ����
FORCEDMIGRATIONreviewwww.fmreview.org