Fossil Fuels and TechnologySarah Sesi and Andriana PapacheimonaC5 2nd Experimental Junior High School of Athens Teacher : Dimitra Dertili

Fossil Fuels : What are they?

Fossil Fuels are energy sources that have been created millions of years ago. Due to the fact that fossil fuels take so

long to be created, they are thought to be nonrenewable .

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-fossil-fuels-definition-advantages-disadvantages.html

Types of fossil fuels:

CoalOilNatural gas

http://www.slideshare.net/frousm1/fossil-fuels-power-point-4169565

Types of fossil fuels:Coal is a rock that is considered a nonrenewable energy source,which includes high amounts of carbon and hydrocarbons. It takes millions of years to be created.Oil is a thick, black liquid that is discovered way down in the ground and it is also called petroleum.Natural gas is hydrocarbon gas which consists of methane, amounts of other higher alkanes and a small percent of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm/index.cfm?page=coal_homehttp://www.kidzworld.com/article/1423-fossil-fuel-energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas

How Fossil Fuels were formed? 1/4How coal is formed?Before the dinosaurs, an amount of plants died.

The plants were buried under the ground(water, dirt) during millions of years.

Dead plants were transformed into coal due to pressure and heat.

How Fossil Fuels were formed? 2/4

http://openhighschoolcourses.org/pluginfile.php/7075/mod_page/content/1/Week_11_Resources/Coal_Formation.png

How Fossil Fuels were formed? 3/4How petroleum and natural gas are formed?Million of years ago organisms such as sea plants and animals were buried in sand.

Remaining buried under the sand, plants and animals were transformed into petroleum and natural gas because of heat and pressure.

How Fossil Fuels were formed? 4/4

https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/e0132cb9-3660-4ec1-800c-9e4da58f8383/320fd8109ea9b321ea7c597b3405d01a.jpg

The history of fossil fuels: Coal 1/2Early History of Coal

The history of coal starts at 3490 BC in China. There, the coal was mined and used for household of reasons.In the Middle Ages, smithies and breweries were supplied by coal. In the 1400s when the fire bricks were created, coal became widespread.

https://www.justenergysolar.com/blog/the-history-of-fossil-fuels/

The history of fossil fuels: Coal 2/2The Industrial Revolution

Due to the popularity of coal, this fossil fuel is becoming rare on Earth.Coal mines were created but they were filled with water as the coal was dug out from the earth.Thomas Newcomen invented a steam engine in 1712 that dug the water out of the mines.The steam engine was developed by adding a condenser. James Watt was the creator of this idea which was materialized. In this way, power and cost-efficiency were improved.The creation of this engine started the Industrial Revolution.

https://www.justenergysolar.com/blog/the-history-of-fossil-fuels/

The history of fossil fuels: Oil (Petroleum) 1/2Early use of oil • It was used as a fire weapon. • It was used as a material in order to coat the walls

and cover boat hulls.• It was also used by Native Americans for magic,

painting and medicine.

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/petroleum-history-development-petroleum.html

The history of fossil fuels: Oil (Petroleum) 2/2Modern History of Oil• Europeans extracted oil from holes in the ground.• It first appeared on shale in the 19th century.• In 1815, petroleum lamps were created in Prague.• Modern petroleum industry started in 1859 by E.L. Drake

who extracted oil from a producing well in Pennsylvania.• Kerosene was the chief final product which replaced oil

lamps and candles (kerosene lamps).• Until then petroleum was used only for lamps but then was

exploited for the gasoline engine and its use on automobiles, trucks and airplanes.

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/petroleum-history-development-petroleum.html

The history of fossil fuels: Natural Gas 1/2Early History of Natural Gas• In 1000 B.C., the famous Oracle of Delphi was

built where natural gas was drilled from the ground.

• In 500 B.C., the Chinese began to drill natural gas with bamboo ‘’pipelines’’ in order to transport it to the surface and transform sea water to drinkable water.

http://www.apga.org/apga.org/apgamainsite/aboutus/facts/history-of-natural-gas

The history of fossil fuels: Natural Gas 2/2Modern History of Natural gas• Natural gas was discovered in America by French explorers in 1626.• Natural gas went first on sale in Britain.• In 1785, the British used natural gas that was produced from coal for

lighting.• In 1821, William Hart exploited the first successful natural gas well in

New York.• Fredonia Gas Light Company was the first natural gas company.• In 1885, Robert Bunsen invented the Bunsen burner which opened

the road of natural gas.• In the 20th century, when appropriate pipelines were created, natural

gas was used for home heating, cooking, manufacturing and processing plants, and boilers for electricity.

http://www.apga.org/apga.org/apgamainsite/aboutus/facts/history-of-natural-gas

The future of power 1/2• Solar energy: It is virtually an inexhaustible supply of

energy because it comes from the sun and therefore it can be used any time for as long as we wish.

• Nuclear energy: By using this source of energy we decrease the CO2 in the atmosphere but we emit radioactive gases that contribute to the Greenhouse Effect.

• Wind energy: It is plentiful, renewable and widely distributed. It does not produce any greenhouse gas emissions during operation.

http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/The_Future_of_Power.aspxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power

The future of power 2/2• Geothermal energy: The heat that the earth

contains in its interior can be used to produce electrical energy. It is cheap and can last for million of years.

• Oceanic Energy: Huge amounts of energy are contained in oceans and water currents. We use oceanic energy to produce electrical energy.

http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/The_Future_of_Power.aspx

Advantages of fossil fuelsThe most important advantages are:• They are very easy to find and they are not expensive• They generate vast amounts of electricity in just a

location• They are very cost effective (a perfect example is coal)• They are easy to store• They produce large amount of energy due to their high

calorific value• They are easy to transport

http://occupytheory.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-fossil-fuels/

Disadvantages of fossil fuelsThe disadvantages of fossil fuels are due to the fact that they cause some of the most important environmental issues that earth experiences today. Those are:• The Greenhouse Effect• Global Warming• Acid Rain• The hole in the ozone layer• The pollution of the atmosphere

http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/advantages_fossilfuels.php

Technology

Definition of technology

• Technology is a body of knowledge and is devoted to creating tools, processing actions and the extraction of materials.

• Although technology has a different meaning for each one of us the most common definition is the one above.

http://www.useoftechnology.com/what-is-technology/

Advancing technology

• From the Industrial Age, we have moved to an Information Age.

• Information age: the information age has been proven helpful for all the small businesses that can now be part of the competitive markets. During the Industrial Age this was impossible.

http://www.useoftechnology.com/what-is-technology/

Types and examples of technology in our daily life.• Assistive technology

• Communication technology

• Construction technology

• Medical technology

• Entertainment technology

Technology in the Present• Anywhere/anytime access on the Internet• In this way, businesses have invented web applications

in order to please consumers.• The Internet is personal in an impersonal setting• Social Networks have made communication and

connections easier. For instance , face–to-face conversations are an example of the development of technology. Today, we don’t need to travel in order to interact with people in other areas, countries etc.

• Free access to information. Moreover, technology is permeating in all areas.

http://www.discovertec.com/blog/the-evolution-of-technology/

Latest technological innovations• 3D Printing• Watermill, which converts air into fresh water (Jonathan

Ritchey).• Vein Identification, similar to fingerprint identification.

This technology innovation identifies vein patterns, which are unique to everyone.

• Shoes that tie themselves.• The Artificial Pancreas/MiniMed 670 G system/algorithm• The No-Touch Thermometer

http://www.inventor-strategies.com/Latest-technology-inventions.htmlhttp://time.com/4572079/best-inventions-2016/

Vein Identification

The Artificial Pancreas/ MiniMed 670 G

Shoes that tie themselves.

Technology in the Future• Smart devices such as smartphones and tablets

will be developed. For example, these devices will share data with each other without human involvement.

• People and companies will use cloud services for communication.

• People and businesses will store data online instead of on a single memory in one device.

http://www.discovertec.com/blog/the-evolution-of-technology/

Upcoming technology inventions• Active contact lenses• Immortality and body sharing• Video tattoos• Augmented reality• Exoskeletons• Active skin• Smart Yoghurt

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/10-hi-tech-inventions-well-using-1451863

Exoskeletons

Active contact lenses

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology 1/2Advantages• Development of communication –communication tools, media• Anytime/anywhere access to information • Improved lifestyle • Improved entertainment and access to it• Social Networking – easier communication and connections –

Development in businesses• Development in education – Interactive whiteboards, computers• Travelling is easier• Improvements in medication• Improvements in businesses – Increasing production• Innovation, creativity and imagination

http://www.ubiwhere.com/en/news/2015/05/25/technology-advantages-and-disadvantages/#.WLMVIzPQBoM

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology 2/2Disadvantages • Job loss/unemployment –Machines replacing

humans• Manufacture of guns and weapons – Increasing

Wars• Human loneliness-Addiction-Isolation • Dependency only on technological tools-

Reduction of creativity, imagination and intelligence

http://www.ubiwhere.com/en/news/2015/05/25/technology-advantages-and-disadvantages/#.WLMVIzPQBoM

Although technology is a useful servant we must be careful because it can become a dangerous master.

Other sources• Google images

Thank you for watching!