NCN1012

Foster Care Compensation Guide

Foster Care Compensation Guide

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Table of Contents

Introduction .............................................................................................. 1

Standards and Equipment/Furnishings ..................................................... 1

Cost Sharing ............................................................................................ 1

Exceptions to Guide ................................................................................. 1

Payment to Foster Parents ....................................................................... 1

Basic Maintenance Rates ......................................................................... 2

Skill Fees .................................................................................................. 2

Special Rates ........................................................................................... 2

Approved Temporary Absence ................................................................. 2

Absent Without Leave (AWOL) ................................................................. 3

Child Basic Needs and Services Covered ................................................. 3

Travel Letters ............................................................................................ 8

Transportation .......................................................................................... 9

Emergency Care ...................................................................................... 9

Case Conferences/Meetings .................................................................... 9

Respite ..................................................................................................... 9

Babysitting or Homemaking Funding ...................................................... 10

Training .................................................................................................. 10

Insurance ............................................................................................... 10

Legal Costs ............................................................................................ 10

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IntroductionThe Ministry of Children’s Services has developed this financial information guide to provide foster parents and staff with an overview of financial responsibilities the Child and Family Services Authority (CFSA) or Delegated First Nations Agency (DFNA) and foster parents have when a child is placed in foster care. It explains the financial process to access funds for foster child(ren).

Standards & Equipment/FurnishingsFoster homes are responsible for supplying equipment and furnishings appropriate to the requested age of foster children. This includes beds, dressers, car seats, cribs, tether straps, etc. All equipment or furnishings must meet applicable safety standards. For example, a foster home wishing to care for young children should be equipped with a car seat with tether strap, booster seat, cribs, etc. Any unusual or exceptional furniture or equipment needs should be discussed with the child’s caseworker.

Cost SharingIt is the expectation of Children’s Services that the child’s caseworker will explore cost sharing with parents or legal guardians of the child. The child’s caseworker will also explore cost sharing with adolescents in care when it is deemed appropriate. In cases where it is the responsibility of the parents or adolescent to obtain specific items, the child’s caseworker will provide the foster parent with information on how the item will be obtained.

Exceptions To GuideIf a child needs a service that is not outlined in this guide or the costs are more than the standard please contact your child’s caseworker. Their supervisor or manager must approve exceptions.

The superv�sor must cons�der:

• The benefit to the child,

• Other sources of funding,

• The cost, and

• Community standards.

Payment To Foster ParentsBasic maintenance and skill fees are paid to foster parents each month through direct deposit. Costs associated and covered under a child’s Personal Healthcare Number (PHN), Treatment Services Cards or being billed directly to a CFSA or DFNA will be paid to the vendor directly by the responsible party, e.g., Blue Cross, Alberta Health and Wellness.

Any child-related cost that a foster parent is expected to pay up front, and be reimbursed for must be claimed by the foster parent using the child maintenance invoice. The foster parent must complete the invoice and provide receipts for auditing purposes. The foster parent then submits the invoice and documentation to the child’s caseworker for reimbursement. It is therefore necessary that foster parents complete a separate invoice for each child in their home. This will ensure that payment to the foster parent is not delayed. All

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requests for reimbursement should be submitted with receipts within the first 10 days of the following month, so reimbursement can be made in a timely fashion.

Basic Maintenance RatesThe basic maintenance rate is a per diem that covers all of a child’s day-to-day costs. Maintenance is paid to foster parents automatically. When arrangements are made for a new placement in a foster home, that home may be paid for the days the child has had pre-placement visits. This payment includes the basic maintenance rate plus the appropriate skill fee.

Payments are deposited directly into the foster parent’s bank account. The foster parent is required to complete the application for direct deposit and vendor information forms. The foster parent will be mailed a statement showing how much they will receive. Items to be purchased by a foster parent using the basic maintenance include:

• Food,

• Clothing,

• Personal care items (toiletries and hair care products),

• General household costs (e.g., wear and tear, cleaning, paper supplies, insurance),

• Spending allowance (minor recreation toys, magazines, records and gifts), and

• Gifts to the foster child and gifts from the foster child to other family members.

Some of these categories (e.g., clothing, spending allowance) have suggested minimum amounts that a foster parent is required to allocate from their basic maintenance on a monthly or weekly basis for the child. These amounts are outlined in the attached Foster Care Rate Schedule under their specific heading. Basic maintenance is paid from the date of when a child is first placed in a foster home to the last day the child was in your home.

Skill FeesSkill fees are paid to foster parents automatically each month. The skill fee is compensation to the foster parent for their level of expertise in caring for a child. Skill fees are paid according to the foster home classification if a child placed is within the maximum number of placements. Skill fees are not paid according to the foster home’s classification if child placements exceed the maximum number of spaces approved.

Special RatesSpecial rates may be negotiated for foster children who have specialized needs identified by and according to the classification guide and placement scoring chart. Special rates are negotiated with the child’s caseworker and the foster parents with the support of the foster care worker. The special rate form is then completed by the caseworker; foster care worker, and the foster parent to determine the rate. This rate is a negotiated rate based on the information provided by everyone involved. Final approval of special rates is the responsibility of the caseworker’s supervisor and/or manager.

Approved Temporary Absence Foster parents may claim the following maintenance during a child’s approved temporary absence from a foster home, excluding foster parent relief or holidays:

• The full basic maintenance and any skill fee for the first seven days.

• Fifty per cent of the basic maintenance and 50 per cent of any skill fee for an additional seven days.

If the foster parent is actively involved with a child who is hospitalized, the supervisor may approve an extension of maintenance and/or skill fee payments. The child’s caseworker needs to inform the administrative support staff of changes when foster children are on approved absences.

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Absent Without Leave (AWOL) If a child is absent without leave (AWOL) and the plan is to return the child to the foster home from which the child originally left, the foster parent may claim the basic maintenance rate and skill fee for a maximum of five days in any calendar month during the child’s absence. Exceptions to this policy need to be approved by the caseworker’s supervisor.

Child Basic Needs and Services Covered

Food

Foster parents are expected to supply children with a nutritious and balanced diet using basic maintenance rates. If a foster parent who is required to provide a special diet to a child at a doctor’s direction, funding may be provided with written authorization by the doctor.

Clothing

The child’s caseworker and foster parent are expected to ensure the foster child has an adequate wardrobe as soon as possible after placement. Some children will need an initial clothing allowance to bring them to community standard; the child’s caseworker and foster parent negotiate the amount to be spent.

After clothing is brought to standard, the foster parent is expected to maintain the child’s clothing by using a portion of the basic maintenance.

If the child requires additional clothing after his or her clothing has been brought to standard due to abnormal growth, a disability or behaviour that causes exceptional wear or the child has moved without adequate clothing, the supervisor may approve the issuance of a supplemental clothing allowance.

When a child is placed in a foster home, the foster parent and the child’s caseworker should review the child’s clothing, taking into consideration approaching seasonal needs. If the clothing is not of an acceptable

standard, the caseworker may provide an “Initial Clothing Issue” by voucher or authorize the foster parent to purchase items up to a specified amount. If a foster parent is authorized to purchase the clothing, they must complete a maintenance claim with the receipts attached in order to be reimbursed.

It is the foster parent’s responsibility to maintain the wardrobe after it is brought to an acceptable standard. Clothing replacement costs due to normal growth and wear are included in the basic maintenance rate. When a child leaves the foster home, his or her clothing should be up to standard.

There are exceptional circumstances such as abnormal growth spurt, sudden weight gain or loss, and specific disability or behaviour that require clothing to be replaced. These additional clothing issues may be approved.

Unlike basic maintenance and skill fees claims, all clothing claims for clothing reimbursements need prior approval from their caseworker.

Personal Care

Foster parents are expected to supply personal care items such as toiletries and hair care products using a portion of the basic maintenance.

Spending Allowance

Foster parents are expected to supply foster children with spending money for expenses such as minor recreation, toys, magazines and tapes/CDs using a portion of the basic maintenance.

The foster parent may not withhold a child’s spending allowance due to a matter of discipline or consequence.

Household Costs

Foster parents are expected to use a portion of the basic maintenance to cover the foster child’s share of general household costs such as wear and tear, cleaning, paper supplies, and insurance.

Medical/dental/optical Costs

Medical, dental, and optical services are covered primarily through the child’s Personal Healthcare Number (PHN). For a First Nation child, the Treaty

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Number and/or Treatment Services Card (TCS) will cover these services. If your foster child does not have either a PHN or a Treatment Services Card you must contact the child’s caseworker to determine who is responsible for covering the costs of the medical related services and how they will be paid on behalf of your foster child. It is important that you obtain this information and obtain prior approval from the child’s caseworker before making any appointments or purchasing any services or supplies for your foster child.

Medications/supplies

Foster parents should purchase any needed non-prescription drugs using a portion of the child’s basic maintenance (e.g., Cough syrup, Tylenol etc.).

Foster parents must obtain approval from the child’s caseworker for any medical supplies or services not covered by Alberta Health Care, Alberta Aides to Daily Living (AADL) or the child’s Treatment Services Card (TSC).

Foster parents should purchase any required prescription drugs and medical supplies or services using the child’s TSC. If a prescription drug is not covered under the TSC, foster parents must obtain prior approval from the child’s caseworker and are, also, asked to request the pharmacy invoice the CFSA or DFNA directly whenever possible. When direct billing is not possible, foster parents may submit maintenance claim for the cost with receipts.

Ambulance Services

Except in an emergency, the child’s caseworker must authorize ambulance services.

If your foster child requires an ambulance in an emergency, instruct the ambulance service provider to invoice your caseworker directly and provide the service provider with:

• The child’s full name and file number,

• The child’s caseworker‘s name, and

• The office’s mailing address.

Hospital

Provide the hospital with the child’s Personal Healthcare Number (PHN) to cover any hospitalization costs.

NOTE: You may sign the admission forms for a child’s required admittance to hospital, however, you may not always authorize any consent for tests or treatment unless such treatment is life threatening to the child on the direct advice of a doctor. All surgery must have written approval by the child’s caseworker or guardian.

Remember to always contact the child’s caseworker or after-hours caseworker if your foster child is hospitalized. The after hours number should be provided to you by your foster care worker or caseworker.

Prosthesis

You must obtain prior approval from the child’s caseworker for any prosthetic equipment or appliance required for the child.

Optical

Foster parents should pay for eye examinations using the child’s PHN and pay for eyeglasses using the child’s Treatment Services Card (TSC). There is a

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maximum amount for eyeglasses, please consult with your child’s caseworker. The TSC covers the cost of one pair of eyeglasses per calendar year. Please ensure the service provider is made aware the eyeglasses are to be paid using the child’s TSC.

If in the event that a child may for any reason need more than one pair of eyeglasses in a calendar year, or requires eyeglasses that are not covered by a TSC, or has no TSC, the related cost must be approved by the child’s caseworker and arrangements for payment should be made through the child’s caseworker prior to any purchase. In this case, foster parents should not pay for eyeglasses and then request to be reimbursed. The optometrist or optical dispensary must submit the bill to the child’s caseworker who, in turn, forwards the bill with authorization to Alberta Blue Cross for payment.

Dental

The Treatment Services Card (TSC) covers the cost of dental care for your foster child. Foster parents may wish to check with the dental office to ensure that services are covered prior to the appointment. If services are not covered, prior approval must be obtained from the child’s caseworker. If the child has no TSC, contact the child’s caseworker to inform them of the pending appointment.

The Personal Healthcare Number (PHN) covers the cost of any required dental surgery resulting from injuries or disease.

Orthodontics

If the dentist recommends orthodontic work, the dentist refers the child to an orthodontist. The orthodontist diagnoses the condition and sends an estimate of the services needed to the Orthodontist Screening Committee. If the committee agrees with the orthodontist’s recommendation, the committee establishes the fee to be paid through the Alberta Dental Association. If a child has no TSC, the CFSA or DFNA will not cover any orthodontic work.

Birth Certificates

The CFSA or DFNA will cover the cost of a wallet-size birth certificate for a child. Birth certificates can be obtained by speaking to the child’s caseworker.

Education Funding

The Alberta Government provides funding to the school boards for education. Children’s Services does not pay for educational services for a child in care.

Expenses

The CFSA or DFNA pays for school supplies, including calculators, and textbook rentals. Rates may be set by the region for school costs. Payment is made based on the actual cost of the service or supplies, with provision that these costs are deemed to be “reasonable “ by the child’s caseworker. The child’s caseworker must obtain supervisor approval. Foster parents must provide receipts for reimbursement. CFSAs and DFNAs may arrange for schools to bill them directly for school fees. The child’s caseworker will pay all school expenses needed for the child’s schooling.

Expense for early childhood services (kindergarten) is also covered.

Graduation

Graduation costs for a foster child graduating from a junior high, senior high or post-secondary program can be paid for by the CFSA or DFNA. The supervisor must approve of the payment and the supervisor must take into consideration:

• Contributions by the child,

• Contributions by the natural parent, and

• The community standard.

Please consult with the child’s caseworker for the costs associated with school graduation.

Trips

A supervisor must approve payment for a school-approved student exchange program or school trip outside of normal school hours. The supervisor must consider the following:

• Whether the child will participate in any organized fund-raising project,

• Contributions by the child,

• Contributions by the parent,

• Whether the recreation allowance has been used,

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• The appropriateness for the child’s development,

• The community standard, and

• The cost.

Tutor

You must contact the child’s caseworker to obtain approval for a tutor. The child’s caseworker must obtain approval from their supervisor. The supervisor must ensure that the following alternatives have been explored:

• Teacher,

• Volunteers, and

• Foster parents.

The child’s caseworker must ensure that fee-for-service guidelines are followed when contracting for tutorial services.

Summer School

The foster parent must contact the child’s caseworker to obtain approval to enrol a foster child in summer school. The child’s caseworker must obtain approval from their supervisor and summer school can only be approved for grade 10 to 12 courses.

Correspondence School

The foster parent must contact the child’s caseworker to obtain approval to enrol a child in correspondence school.

Home Schooling

To be home schooled, a child may receive funding for the costs of these school programs. The child’s caseworker must consult with their supervisor for approval and they must obtain the approval and recommendation of the local school superintendent. If the child is currently in school, the principal may provide the approval.

Private School

The foster parent must contact the child’s caseworker to obtain approval to enrol a child in private school. The child’s caseworker must obtain the approval of the manager.

Post Secondary Education

The foster parent must contact the child’s caseworker to obtain approval prior to enrolling a child in post secondary school.

Vocational School

The foster parent must contact the child’s caseworker to obtain approval prior to enrolling a child in vocational school.

Pre-school/Day Care

A CFSA or DFNA may pay for costs relating to play school, nursery school or day care to meet the child’s needs. A supervisor must approve any request. The CFSA or DFNA will not pay for day care services because a foster parent is employed outside of the home. Kindergarten is not considered to fall under this policy.

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Driver Training/Driver License

If it is in a child’s best interest, the CFSA or DFNA will pay for a driving course accredited by the provincial government. Foster parents must contact the child’s caseworker to obtain prior approval. The child’s caseworker must sign consent for children under Temporary Guardianship Order (TGO) and Permanent Guardianship Order (PGO) to take driver training or to obtain a license.

Special Costs

If a foster parent believes an exceptional expenditure should be made based on the child’s presenting need(s), the foster parent should request prior approval from the child’s caseworker. The child’s caseworker must obtain approval from the supervisor who is authorized to approve the expenditure.

Recreation: Sports, Arts, & Courses

A foster child is entitled to recreation supports to assist with their growth and development. This includes registration costs and supplies for sports, creative arts, and music lessons. Foster parents are encouraged to purchase used equipment and supplies in good condition, whenever possible.

If a child or caregiver, on behalf of a child, expresses interest in a sport, creative art or other recreational course, the caseworker must:

• Discuss the activity with the child to determine the level of interest.

• If the child is in temporary care:

- Determine the ability of the parent/guardian to financially support the activity once the child returns home,

- Determine whether a community resource will sponsor the activity, and

- Decide whether to recommend paying for the activity.

• If in agreement with paying for the activity:

- Determine the costs for all supplies, equipment and fees. The child’s caseworker must request approval from the supervisor.

• Before approving payment for sports equipment, bicycles, musical instruments or other such items,

the supervisor considers:

- The community standard for such items of a child that age,

- The availability of the item second-hand, and

- The trade-in value of previous items purchased for the child.

Prior authorization must be obtained from the child’s caseworker and approved costs will be reimbursed when the foster parent provides a maintenance invoice and receipts or voucher.

Any equipment or supplies that are purchased belong to the child and must go with the child if he or she leaves the foster parent’s home.

If a child enters care part way through the fiscal year, the annual allotment may be determined by the child’s caseworker and supervisor.

Passport

The child’s caseworker must be contacted to obtain approval to cover the cost of a passport for travel purposes. If a child needs a passport, foster parents should make arrangements with the child’s caseworker to obtain one a minimum of 90 days prior to an expected departure date. As applications are sent to Ottawa, please allow adequate time in the event of errors or required changes.

Christmas Gifts/Birthday Gifts

Foster parents should purchase Christmas gifts for their foster child from the basic maintenance, unless the child was placed after October 31st. If the child was placed after October 31st the caregiver is entitled to be reimbursed to the amount in policy with a receipt (unless a gift was forwarded by the previous caregiver).

If a child is placed in a foster home less than two months prior to their birthday, the foster parent is entitled to be reimbursed for the gift. The foster parent should submit the receipt to the child’s case worker.

Camp Fees and Vacation Allowance

Foster parents may claim either camp fees or vacation allowance for each foster child in their home. They are not entitled to claim both within any fiscal year.

Once a year, foster parents may claim vacation expenses in order to take a child on vacation with

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them, or to pay for the child to go to camp. Foster parents should discuss the claim with the child’s caseworker at least one month prior to the vacation or camp to ensure the funds are in place before departure.

Remember to obtain approval from the child’s caseworker

prior to leaving.

The caseworker may need to discuss camp or travel plans with the child’s natural family and provides or obtains written consent. The caseworker also needs to know where the foster parents can be reached in case of an emergency.

Camp

Camp fees may only be claimed if a vacation allowance is not claimed. Caseworkers and foster parents are expected to negotiate appropriate camps for children within this fee limit. In those instances where an appropriate camp cannot be found for a child within the budget limit, contact the child’s caseworker for approval.

Vacation

If the foster parent is not claiming camp fees for a child, the foster parent may claim for vacation cost.

The foster parent:

• Discusses the cost with the child’s caseworker prior to claiming,

• Claims the cost the month before the vacation, and

• Continues to claim the usual per diem for that child during the vacation.

If the foster parent goes on vacation without the child, the foster parent must arrange and pay for alternate care. The foster parent may continue to claim the basic maintenance and skill fee for the child to pay the alternate caregiver.

Travel LettersIf the child is under a Custody Agreement or Temporary Guardianship Order (TGO), the child’s parents will need to be consulted.

If foster parents are vacationing outside Alberta, they require consent of the caseworker and a letter of authority to travel. The letter will specify the period that the foster parents are out of province and will verify that the child is under the care of the CFSA or DFNA. Please give at least two weeks notice to the caseworker to allow sufficient time for a letter to be completed.

If travelling outside of Canada is approved and the foster parents need a passport or birth certificate for the child, please ask the caseworker for it. The caseworker will also need to verify that proper medical coverage is available and will need as much time as possible to process your request.

On some vacations, foster parents may have to purchase transportation for their family (i.e., air travel) instead of using their own car. The foster child’s fare is considered an exceptional expenditure and if the foster parents want to be reimbursed, they must ask the caseworker to present their request to the manager. If the foster parent’s request is approved, they will not be eligible to claim the holiday allowance in addition to the fare.

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TransportationFoster Parents are responsible for transporting foster children as they would their own children. The child’s caseworker should consult with or have foster parents set up appointments so they fit into the foster family’s schedule. Foster parents may also be responsible for driving the child to visits with biological or extended family members. If the child is the primary participant in an appointment or activity, foster parents may make a mileage claim for such trips (to and from appointment). Foster parents must claim mileage at the end of each month on a Child Maintenance Invoice (where all trips are documented) and submit it to the child’s caseworker.

Foster parents can also be requested to make extraordinary drives (i.e. family visits; counselling appointments, etc.), if they can be managed within the family’s schedule.

Foster parents may be reimbursed for any child transportation. If a child in foster care requires a bus pass the caseworker will provide one. Other more cost-effective arrangements may be made for trips that are not for day-to-day needs.

Emergency Care Emergency care will be provided to foster parents only if all the following criteria are met:

• The foster parent must be away from home or unable to care for the child because of:

- Personal illness, or

- Sickness, death or marriage within the immediate family.

• No other suitable arrangements can be made for the children, or

• If the foster parent’s own child will also need the purchased care, the foster parent will pay that child’s share of the cost.

Foster parents must give the temporary caregiver information about the child.

Foster parents continue to receive the basic maintenance but are not entitled to any skill fee or special rate during this period if the foster parent is not providing any portion of daily care to the child.

Case Conferences/Meetings Babysitting for foster and biological children and transportation may be paid to foster parents to attend case conferences or foster child specific meetings. Prior approval must be obtained from the child’s caseworker who must consider whether or not other suitable arrangements can be made.

RespiteAll foster parents are encouraged to use respite care as a necessary and healthy break from the day-to-day demands of fostering.

Respite for a child with exceptional needs or as part of the concurrent plan/support plan can be negotiated between the caseworker and foster parent and would be paid for by the CFSA or DFNA.

If a placement does not require a foster care support plan, the foster parent should utilize their respite per diem, maintenance and skill fees to pay for their respite needs. This amount is not intended to pay for respite that would be negotiated in a support plan.

Crisis respite is unplanned and needs approval from the manager.

Foster parents must inform the child’s caseworker of the name and address of the respite provider before the respite service is provided. If the child’s caseworker does not approve the home, it is the child’s caseworker and foster parent support worker’s role in consultation with the foster parent to find appropriate respite care.

Respite: scheduled, temporary, short term care to provide relief from the day to day demands of parenting for

the primary caregiver(s).

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Babysitting or Homemaking FundingBabysitting or homemaking services may be provided to a foster home if the situation meets the following criteria:

• Personal illness, sickness, death, or marriage within the immediate family,

• Relief needed from the demands of caring for severely disabled or disturbed children,

• No other suitable arrangement can be made for the children, and

• The arrangements and cost are pre-approved by the child’s caseworker.

NOTE: If the foster parent’s own children will also need the purchased care, the foster parent pays that child’s share of the cost. Payment of the skill fee or special rate is suspended during this period.

Training Foster parents are entitled to reimbursement for the costs associated to attend approved training as outlined in the Foster Parent Rate Schedule. Foster parents can obtain claim forms at the training sessions. Please contact your CFSA or DFNA representative regarding the submission of receipts for training.

First Aid Training

Foster parents must have valid first aid training. If there are two adults living in the home both must have first aid training. The CFSA or DFNA will cover the cost of the course.

InsuranceThe basic maintenance includes an amount to cover extra household insurance. If you own your own home, you need to purchase a homeowners policy, which covers building and contents as well as personal liability insurance. If you rent a home or apartment, you need to purchase a tenants package, which covers contents and personal liability. If you live on a farm, you need to purchase a farm owners policy. If you own or lease a vehicle, you need to have an Alberta automobile policy (SPF#1).

As part of the licensing requirement, a copy of your insurance coverage will be required.

Where the foster parent’s own insurance policy declines responsibility for a claim resulting from damage caused by a foster child, the AFPA has a rider policy to cover malicious damage caused to a foster parents home or property by a foster child.

The AFPA has engaged the services of Shumka, Craig & Moore Insurance Adjusters to respond to the assessment of foster parent insurance claims regardless of the amount.

Claims under $10,000 will be forwarded to the CFSA or DFNA for consideration of reimbursement. Claims over $10,000 will be processed through the AFPA rider policy.

Where an ex-gratia payment is required, contact the child’s caseworker. Ex-gratia payments are where claims for reimbursement are forwarded to the CFSA or DFNA.

Legal Costs The legal assistance program provides for financial assistance to foster parents and their adult children who are charged with a criminal offense (abuse) perpetrated against a foster child or former foster child.

Contact the AFPA for specific details on your entitlement under this program.

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Index

A

Alberta Health Care 4

Allowance 3, 7

Ambulance 4

AWOL 3

B

Babysitting 9, 10

Basic maintenance 1, 2

C

Camp fees 8

Child Maintenance Invoice 9

Christmas Gifts 7

Clothing 2, 3

D

Dental 5

E

Education 5, 6

Emergency care 9

F

Food 2, 3

G

Gifts 2, 7

Graduation 5

H

Homemaking 10

Home Schooling 6

Hospital 4

I

Insurance 11

L

Legal Costs 11

M

Medical 3

O

Optical 4

Orthodontics 5

P

Passport 7

R

Recreation 7

Respite 9, 10

S

Skill fees 2

Special rates 2

T

Training 7, 10

Treatment Services Card 4, 5

Tutor 6

V

Vacation 7, 8