Fourth Edition

Discovering the Internet

• Chapter 1• Into the Internet

Objectives

• Define the Internet• Describe how the Internet is used• Discuss the history of the Internet and the World

Wide Web• Describe how individuals and businesses connect

to the Internet

Chapter 1: Into the Internet 2

Defining the Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allows individual and business computer users around the world to share information and other resources and to conduct business transactions

• The Internet is an interconnected network of networks where each host has a number of other computers connected to it

• Users who connect to the Internet to access information and services are online

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Defining the Internet

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Using the Internet

• The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every aspect of life by revolutionizing how:– People access information for personal and business use– Individual shoppers or commercial buyers purchase products

and services– People enjoy entertainment offerings– Students do their school work– People communicate with friends, family, colleagues, and

others– Businesses interact with their customers, vendors, and

business partnersChapter 1: Into the Internet 5

Using the Internet

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Using the Internet

• Who Uses the Internet?– Students– Teachers– Businesspeople– Professionals– Homemakers– Children– Retirees

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Using the Internet

• People also use the Internet to publish online diaries, known as a blog (short for weblog)

• Some members of the U.S. Congress and Senate keep their constituents updated by microblogging, sending brief text messages throughout the day to interested subscribers

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Using the Internet

• Internet Activities– Browsing and searching for information on the World Wide

Web– Communicating with others through e-mail, text or video

chat, social networking, instant messaging, Web-based discussion groups, newsgroups, mailing lists, blogs and microblogs, and other media

– Downloading and uploading files– Accessing remote computers or servers– Conducting business activities– Online shopping

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Using the Internet

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Using the Internet

• Internet Activities – The World Wide Web– Web pages – created using HTML or Web authoring

software and connected by hyperlinks– Web site – collection of related Web pages

• College, university, corporate, retail, non-profit, personal

– Web server – computer on which Web pages are stored

– Web browser – software used to access and view Web pages

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Using the Internet

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Using the Internet

• Internet Activities (cont'd)– Search tools

• Web-based resource to help find specific information on the Web

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Using the Internet

• Internet Activities (cont'd)

Chapter 1: Into the Internet 14

Using the Internet

• Internet Activities (cont'd)– Downloading and uploading files – using FTP to send

or retrieve electronic files from a server• Music, video, data

– Remote Computing• Cloud Computing• Virtual Private Networks (VPN)• Web conferencing• Telnet

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Using the Internet

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Using the Internet

• Internet Activities (cont'd)– Conducting business

activities• E-business

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History of the Internet

• Origins in ARPANET– Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote

scientific advances– J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information

processing research efforts– Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching– ARPANET – prototype network connecting ARPA and

university research centers

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History of the Internet

• Growth and Development of ARPANET– Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971)– Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or protocol

for communications over a network TCP and IP (1972)• Beyond Research, to the Public

– NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985)– Congress authorized commercial activity on the NSFnet

(1992)– NSFnet moved connections to commercial network providers

(1995)

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History of the Internet

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• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web– Gopher at University of

Minnesota• Directory-based system• Made it easier to find

documents on Internet-connected servers

History of the Internet

• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)– Tim Berners-Lee (1991)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)• First Web browser and Web server

– Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993)• Mosaic browser

– Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994)• Netscape Navigator browser

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History of the Internet

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History of the Internet

• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)– Research and education networks

• Internet2 (I2)• CANARIE

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Connecting to the Internet

• Internet Service Providers (ISPs)– Provide access to the Internet– Considerations for choosing an ISP

• The speed or bandwidth of the connection• The type of connection and cost of service• Availability of customer service and technical support

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Connecting to the Internet

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Connecting to the Internet

• Connection Methods– Dial-up access

• Computer uses regular telephone lines and a modem to access the Internet

• Mostly home users• Considered a temporary

connection

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Connecting to the Internet

• Connection Methods (cont'd)– Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over standard telephone wires

• Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data and voice

• Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by online intruders

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Connecting to the Internet

• Connection Methods (cont'd)– Cable

• An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over cable TV lines

• Cable modem and line splitter required• Firewall protection needed

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Connecting to the Internet

• Connection Methods (cont'd)– Fixed wireless connections

• Microwave• Fixed wireless connections use microwaves to transmit data

and require specialized outside equipment: an antenna and a small dish or receiver

– Repeaters– Wireless Internet service provider (WISP)

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Connecting to the Internet

• Connection Methods (cont'd)– Fixed wireless connections (cont'd)

• One way or two way satellite transmissions

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Connecting to the Internet

• Connection Methods (cont'd)– Mobile Wireless

• Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies to connect to networks

• Hotspot – specific geographic location in which a wireless access point provides public Internet access

• Wireless access point – hardware that connects wireless devices to a network

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Connecting to the Internet

• Connection Methods (cont'd)– Mobile Broadband

• Mobile data card or modem installed in a computer to allow it to connect to a wireless network

• Cell phones, smartphones, or PDAs can connect to the Internet

– High-Speed Business Connections• Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as

a T1 line connected to their local area network to provide Internet access to employees

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Connecting to the Internet

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Chapter Summary

• Define the Internet• Describe how the Internet is used• Discuss the history of the Internet and the World

Wide Web• Describe how individuals and businesses connect

to the Internet

Chapter 1: Into the Internet 34

Fourth Edition

Discovering the Internet

• Chapter 1• Complete