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FRIGID ZONE

AcknowledgementFor this Geography project on “Frigid Zone! I wo"ld like to e#press my gratit"de to $rs%&ammila 'asanti! o"r class teacher% (he compilation o) this project has *een a wonder)"llearning e#perience% I also owe my gratit"de to my parents who had helped me to

collect in)ormation and in gi+ing this project a concrete )orm%

,ontents-l No (opic .age No/ Introd"ction 01 2ocation 30 ,limate3 Nat"ral 'egetation4 Animal 2i)e5 2i)e o) the .eople6 E7ects on the En+ironment

8 ,oncl"sion9 :i*liography

Introd"ction; (he Earth has many climates% Among them “(he .olar Regions ha+e a+ery cold climate% (hese places are called Frigid Zones% <ere land remains )ro=en )or themost o) the year and strong winds and *li==ards *low in this region%It is always cold here tho"gh winter is m"ch colder than s"mmer%

 (he Frigid =ones lie at the e#treme north o) the northern hemisphere and the e#tremeso"th o) the so"thern hemisphere%

North Frigid Zone;

It is located *etween the North .ole and Arctic ,ircle% (he northern hemisphere region incl"des arctic t"ndra and alpine t"ndra%

South Frigid Zone;It lies *etween Antarctica and -o"th .ole%

 (he so"thern hemisphere region incl"des Antarctica%

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.olar Region contains

.olar ice caps high )ro=en! latit"de regionGlaciers; ri+ers o) )ro=en waterIce*ergs; )ro=en ch"nks o) )resh water in the ocean> m"ch deeper "nder the water.erma)rost; It means permanently )ro=en gro"nd%

Distri*"tions o) .erma)rost in the Northern <emisphere%."rple region ; perma)rost

:l"e regions; seasonally )ro=en gro"nd ?the soil is )ro=en )or /4 days or more per year@%.ink regions ; intermittently )ro=en gro"nd ? the soil is )ro=en )or )ewer than /4 days peryear @-olid line; the a+erage ma#im"m e#tent o) the seasonal snow co+er%

Climate.olar region recei+e less intensi+e solar radiation *eca"se the s"ns energy arri+es at ano*liB"e angle! spreading o+er a larger area! and also tra+els a longer distance thro"ghthe Earths atmosphere in which it may *e a*sor*ed! scattered or reCected!%

 (he a#ial tilt o) the Earth has a major e7ect on climate o) the polar regions% -ince thepolar regions are the )arthest )rom the eB"ator! they recei+e the least amo"nt o) s"nlightand are there)ore )rigid% (he large amo"nt o) ice and snow also reCects a large part o)what little s"nlight the .olar Regions recei+e! contri*"ting to the cold% .olar regions arecharacteri=ed *y the polar climate! e#tremely cold temperat"res!hea+y glaciation where+er there is s"cient precipitation to )orm permanent ice! ande#treme +ariations in daylight ho"rs! with twenty)o"r ho"rs o) daylight in s"mmer!and complete darkness at midwinter%

.olar Night (he northern inter -olstice in Decem*er%.olar Nights occ"r in the polar regions d"ring the winter months;Northern <emisphere; -eptem*er $arch-o"thern <emisphere; $arch -eptem*erAs the polar region tilts away )rom the -"n d"ring the winter! e+en areas that are on theEarths day side do not recei+e any direct s"nlight as the -"n stays *elow the hori=on%

 (he opposite o) .olar Night is $idnight -"n or .olar Day%

Midnight Sun$idnight -"n is when at least a part o) the -"ns disk is +isi*le a*o+e the hori=on 13ho"rs o) the day%

 (he scientiHc name )or $idnight -"n is .olar Day! the opposite is .olar Night%

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As the "pper edge o) the solar disc disappears *elow the hori=on the -"n has set! andtheres no longer $idnight -"n% (he moment the solar disc again *ecomes +isi*le a*o+ethe hori=on! its s"nrise%$idnight s"n occ"r in the polar regions d"ring the s"mmer months;Northern <emisphere; $arch -eptem*er-o"thern <emisphere; -eptem*er $arch

  (he *right dancing lights o) the a"rora are act"ally collisions *etween electricallycharged particles )rom the s"n that enter the earths atmosphere% (he lights are seena*o+e the magnetic poles o) the northern and so"thern hemispheres% (hey are knownas A"rora *orealis in the north and A"rora a"stralis in the so"th%

Nat"ral 'egetation; -ince these regions recei+e no rain)all and +ery little s"nlight andthe gro"nd remains )ro=en thro"gho"t the year! it is +ery dic"lt )or plant to s"r+i+e%-"ch areas o) Frigid Zone where one can Hnd +egetation are called t"ndraJ%

Northern <emisphere; Arctic ("ndra; Arctic t"ndra is )o"nd aro"nd north pole ! towardsthe north o) the taiga *elt% It incl"des N% American ("ndra! -candina+ian ("ndra! R"ssian

 ("ndra ?-i*eria@.2AN(- in the (KNDRA; the growing season is only 50-60 days long! -hr"*s-edges$osses2ichensGrasses2ichens -o"thern <emisphere; Antarctic ("ndra; (he entire region is *arren and doesnot s"pport plant li)e% It has no plant li)e e#cept )or )ew mosses and lichens 

Animal 2i)e; (he animals o) the )rigid =ones adapted themsel+es *yNat"ral adaptations; -ome animals ha+e thick coat which *ecome thicker in winter%E#ample;Arctic Fo# 1L Gro"nd -B"irrel<i*ernation;-ome animals goes )or a deep sleep like state where heart *eat slows down )or manymonths in an "ndergro"nd *"rrow% E#ample; Arctic gro"nd -B"irrel$igration;-ome Animals migrate to warmer regions% For e#ample;

 (he Arctic tern ?Sterna paradisaea@ is a sea*ird o) the tern )amily% (his *ird has acirc"mpolar *reeding distri*"tion co+ering the Arctic and s"*Arctic regions o) E"rope!Asia! and North America % (he species is strongly migratory! seeing two s"mmers eachyear as it migrates )rom its northern *reeding gro"nds to the Antarctic coast )or theso"thern s"mmer and *ack again a*o"t si# months later%

Polar bearspolar *ears are good swimmers

 (hey can li+e with o"t )ood )or many days as they can store )ood in their )at

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.olar *ears can eat "p to 58 kg o) )ood (hey lo+e to eat ringed seals! *erries and grass%