From Mother to Martyr

8/19/2019 From Mother to Martyr

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om Mother

To MartyrPollution Of The Ganga


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Ganga – River Of India

The river Ganga (Ganges) occupiesa unique position in the cultural

segment of

India.

Legend says that the river hasdescended from Heaven on earth

as a result of thelong and arduous

prayers of King Bhagirathi for thesalvation of his deceased ancestors.


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Ganga – River Of India

From times immemorial, the Gangahas been India's river of faith,devotion and worship. Millions ofHindus accept its water as sacred.

Hindu eligion involves ceremonialuse of this holy water !ven toda",people carr" treasured Ganga waterall over India and abroad because itis hol" water and #nown for its

$curative% (medicine or therapy)properties.


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Ganga - Facts

The Ganga &Ganges basin e(tends over more than ) million#m* and encompasses parts of India &about - of the total basinarea, /epal, 0hina and 1angladesh.

The length of the main channel is some *,2*2#m, while altituderanges from ,3m in the high Himala"as, to sea level in thecoastal deltas of India and 1angladesh. The basin occupies aquarter of India4s land mass.

Flow pattern is for a low56ow dr" season from 7anuar" to Ma" and

a wet season from 7ul" to /ovember, with pea# 6ows usuall"occurring in 8ugust.

The waters of the Ganga carr" one of the highest sediment loadsan"where in the world, with a mean annual total of ).9 billiontonnes, compared to -.3 billion tonnes for the 8ma:on.


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Ganga - Facts


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Ganga - Prolems

8part of high religious and culturalsigni;cance Ganga in modern times hasbeen #nown for being ver" polluted.

Ganga, has been enlisted on the list of )-most endangered rivers of the world. Thesand bed in the Ganga is increasing slowl"

and the increase is clearl" distinguishableeach "ear.

The e(treme pollution of the Ganges a


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Ganga - Prolems


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Princi!al "ources of Pollution

=omestic and industrial wastes.

>olid garbage thrown directl" into the river.

/on5point sources of pollution from agricultural run5o<containing residues of harmful pesticides and fertilisers.

8nimal carcasses and half5burned and unburned human

corpses thrown into the river.

=efecation on the ban#s b" the low5income people.

Mass bathing and ritualistic practices.


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Mass #athing

The most sacred and the basic ritual in Hinduism is ta#ingthe bath in the hol" water of river Ganga . 8s it iscompulsor" for ever" Hindu to ta#e a dip in Ganges once ina life time, man" devotees travel to these ghats to wash

awa" their sins in the hol" water of Ganga.

ecentl", Kumbh Mela (largest religious gathering on the planet) in *-)- at Haridwar witnessed around - milliondevotees travelling from di


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Mass #athing

Water quality is severely aected by mass bathing. eterioration of river !aterquality may in"ure health of the people ta#ing the dip and also the populationdo!nstream !hich use the river as a source of !ater for drin#ing and bathing


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Idol Immersion in Ganga

The annual ritual of immersing idols ofGoddess =urga and other Hindu deities inthe Ganga river has threaten the survival ofthe endangered river dolphin and otheraquatic creatures but also increases pollutionin the already polluted river .

Thousands of idols are immersed in theGanga in @ol#ata, Aatna and other citessituated on the ban#s of river last "ear tomar# the end of the =urga AuBa festival.

http://www.gits4u.com/religion/durga.htmhttp://www.gits4u.com/religion/durga.htmhttp://www.gits4u.com/religion/durga.htmhttp://www.gits4u.com/religion/durga.htm


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Idol Immersion in Ganga

%tudies conducted by the &entral 'ollution &ontrol Board sho! that idol immersionduring festive occasions li#e urga 'u"a is putting signicant stress on rivers* la#esand local ponds. 'laster of 'aris does not get dissolved fast. +oreover* the chemical

dyes and colours being used to colour the idols contain poisonous elements. 'articularlyred* blue* orange and green colours contain mercury* ,inc o-ide* chromium and lead*

the potential causes of cancer.


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$remation %ctivities Ganga

The river is the ;nal resting place for thousands of Hindus,whose cremated ashes or partiall" burnt corpses are placed inthe river for spiritual rebirth.

In aranasi* +aha samashanam/ (or /0reat cremationground/)* some 3-,--- cremations are performed each "ear,most on wood p"res that do not completel" consume thebod".

8long with the remains of these traditional funerals, there arethousands more who cannot a


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$remation %ctivities Ganga

1fter the cremation of the deceased at aranasi/s ghats the bonesand ashes are thro!n into the 0anges. Ho!ever* in the past*

thousands of uncremated bodies !ere thro!n into the 0angesduring cholera epidemics* spreading the disease


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Industrial &aste

1 systematic classication done by 2ttara#hand 3nvironment 'rotection and 'ollution &ontrolBoard4s (23''&B) on river !aters into the categories 15 safe for drin#ing* B5 safe for bathing*

&5 safe for agriculture* and 5 e-cessive pollution* put the 0anga in .

0ountless tanneries, chemical plants, te(tile mills, distilleries,slaughterhouses, and hospitals contribute to the pollution of the Ganges

b" dumping untreated waste into it.

Industrial eCuents are about )* of the total volume of eCuent reachingthe Ganges. 8lthough a relativel" low proportion, the" are a cause formaBor concern because the" are often to(ic and non5biodegradable

The leather industr" in @anpur which emplo"s around 2-,--- people inmore than 3-- tanneries uses chemicals such as to(ic chromiumcompounds. !


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Industrial &aste

6he epartment of 1tomic 3nergy/s 7ational &entre for&ompositional &haracteri,ation of +aterials in Hyderabad has

tested !ater samples from the 0anga and found the river !atercontained carcinogens and &hromium 8 nearly 9: times the

permissible limit.


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%gricultural &aste

Fertili'er2 of fertili:ation ta#es place in the Ganges basin &>ampat, )DD9.Improper application, such as appl"ing before a rainstorm can leadto fertili:er runo


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agricultural &aste

PesticidesIndia still uses ==T as an e


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omestic &aste and "eage

+ost of the main pollution issues !ith the 0anges deals !ith improper se!agemanagement. 7e! elhi alone produces ;.8 million liters of se!age daily* !ith only

half being treated eectively.

- of the waste in the Ganges basin is sewage &?ass, *-)-. f the

))2 facilities studied across India, 32 failed to meet the minimumtreatment required &0A01, *--2. This means 3- of sewagetreatment plants are operating below requirements

Fift" cities located along the more than *,2--5#m river discharge*,E*. million litres a da" &M= of wastewater into it, according to thelatest assessment report of the 0entral Aollution 0ontrol 1oard &0A01.

@ol#ata is the highest producer of municipal sewage in est 1engal at9).3 M=, but has the capacit" to treat a mere *E per cent of thewaste at )E* M=.


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omestic &aste and "eage

&oliform bacteria levels in the 0anges have also been testedto be at 9*9::* a level too high to be safe for agricultural use

let alone drin#ing and bathing


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Measures Ta*en yGovernment

+ational Ganga River #asin Pro,ect(+GR#)

/G1 wants to create a municipal sewage s"stem to stop pointsource pollution such as untreated sewage. This would include aclean water suppl", sewage s"stems and solid waste disposal inall the cities in the Ganges basin. Through partnership andtransfer of #nowledge, /G1 wants to change the ideolog" of thepopulous living along the Ganges basin to stop second source

pollution. This means changing the wa" people interpret thepurit" of the Ganges basin verse its actual cleanliness

.


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6he 70


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%dvanced Integrated &asteater Pond"ystem (%I&P")

Through 8IA>, tanneries will be able to remove the chromiumand raw sewage will be treated, allowing clean eCuents. This isdone through a series of ponds that help brea# down organicmatter and remove fecal bacteria and chromium. The pH level ofthe eCuents will drop from )).*5)* down to 5.3, which allowsfor appropriate discharge into the Ganges basin. 8IA> can clean

E million litres of waste water dail".


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6he inner !or#ings of a 1=W'%


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#iliogra!hy

httpJKKwww.gits3u.comKwaterKganga.htmhttpJKKwwf.panda.orgKaboutLourLearthKaboutLfres

hwaterKriversKirbmKcasesKgangesLriverLcaseLstud

"KhttpJKKen.wi#ipedia.orgKwi#iKAollutionLofLtheLGanges

httpJKKen.wi#ipedia.orgKwi#iKGangeshttpJKKwww.shubh"atra.comKuttar5pradeshKritual5

performances.htmlA=F J ater esources of the Ganga under a

0hanging 0limate Interaction between Glaciersand Monsoon in the Himala"aL >iderius andMoors

httpJKKvgopalan.blogspot.comK*-)-K-3Kganges5hol

http://www.gits4u.com/water/ganga.htmhttp://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/rivers/irbm/cases/ganges_river_case_study/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/rivers/irbm/cases/ganges_river_case_study/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/rivers/irbm/cases/ganges_river_case_study/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_of_the_Gangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_of_the_Gangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeshttp://www.shubhyatra.com/uttar-pradesh/ritual-performances.htmlhttp://www.shubhyatra.com/uttar-pradesh/ritual-performances.htmlhttp://vgopalan.blogspot.com/2010/04/ganges-holy-river.htmlhttp://vgopalan.blogspot.com/2010/04/ganges-holy-river.htmlhttp://www.shubhyatra.com/uttar-pradesh/ritual-performances.htmlhttp://www.shubhyatra.com/uttar-pradesh/ritual-performances.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_of_the_Gangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_of_the_Gangeshttp://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/rivers/irbm/cases/ganges_river_case_study/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/rivers/irbm/cases/ganges_river_case_study/http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/rivers/irbm/cases/ganges_river_case_study/http://www.gits4u.com/water/ganga.htm


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#iliogra!hy

httpJKKeconomictimes.indiatimes.comKenvironmentKpollutionKa5dip5in5ganga5ma"5cause5cancerKarticleshowKE)23*D2.cms

httpJKKwww.all5about5india.comKGanges5iver5Aollution.html

A=F J @artha, [email protected]. *--D. %TH! =!>0!/T F TH!I?! G8/G!>

A=F J Aurif"ing the !arthl" 1od" of God eligion and

!colog" in Hindu India A=F J 8T! NO8ITP I>>O!> I/ I/=I8, =r. .0.

Trivedi,0A01 httpJKKwww.bbc.co.u#KnewsKworld5asia5india5*))E2D-

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154295.cmshttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154295.cmshttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154295.cmshttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154295.cmshttp://www.all-about-india.com/Ganges-River-Pollution.htmlhttp://www.all-about-india.com/Ganges-River-Pollution.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-21175890http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-21175890http://www.all-about-india.com/Ganges-River-Pollution.htmlhttp://www.all-about-india.com/Ganges-River-Pollution.htmlhttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154295.cmshttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154295.cmshttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154295.cmshttp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/environment/pollution/a-dip-in-ganga-may-cause-cancer/articleshow/37154295.cms


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