Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 52, No. 2 (Feb., 1941), pp. i-ivPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/17369 .

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THE FEBRUARY

SC>IENTIFIC MIO N THFLY

Edited by

J. MCKEEN CATTELL, F. R. MOULTON AND WARE CATrELL

CONTENTS ASPECTS OF TWIN RESEARCH. DR. H. H. NEWMAN ............ ................. - 99 EXPLORATION OF MUMMY CAVES IN THE ALEUTIAN

ISLANDS. II. DR. ALES HRDLI6KA ... 113 THE WHITE DWARF STARS. DR. DIRK REUYL. 131 HEREDITY AND THE LAWYER. DR. ALEXANDE]R S. WIENER 139 A PHYSICIST'S VIEW OF ETHICS. DIR. GEORGE A. FINK 146 THE' ROPICAL PLANTATION SYSTEM. DR. LEO WAIBEL, 156 THE RACE CONCEPT IN BIOLOGY. PROFESSOR THEODOSIUS

DOBZH..ANSKY 161 RELIGIO SCI:ENTIAE. PROFESSOR CHAUNCEY D. LEAKE 166 SCIENCE AND TRUE RELIGION. REV. JOHN S. O'CONOR 173 BOOKS ON SCIENCE FOR LAYMEN:

The Cutrrent Whale Oil Industry; From Bacteria to Orchids; Two Quaker Botanists, Father and Son; A Primer of Anthropology; Development of the Human Embryo; "Living Wave Functions .178

THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE Dr. Irving Langmuir, Newly Elected President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; Notable Scientific Programs at Philadelphia; Nutrition and Growth of Plants; Bay- Tnond Pearl, 1879-1940; New "Index Exhibitt" at the Smithsonian Institution . ....... 182

PUBLISHED BY THE SCIENCE PRESS LANCAST ER, PA.-GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL, N. Y. CITY-GARRISON, N. Y.

FOR THE

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDING, WASHINGTON,, D. C.

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NEW BOOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST The Chemist at Work. R. I. GRADY and Others. Illustrated. xv + 422 pp. $3.00. 1940. Journal of Chemical Education.

A collection of essays by experts in various fields of chemistry, each describing the present state of knowl- edge in his own field. Designed particularly for pe-- sons considering entering chemistry as a profession, it provides a non-technical outline of the subject.

Vitamins. H. BORSOOK. xiii + 193 pp. $2.00. 1940. Viking.

Designed for the layman, this book attempts to ex- plain what vitamins are and the reasons why they are beneficial. Considerable attention is given to sample menus and to the vitamin values of the more common foods.

Germs and the Man. J. HIILL. xxiii + 461 pp. $3.75. 1940. Putnam.

In three sections, this book for the layman deals with bacteria and the body's response to infection, the defense mechanisms of the body, and the chemical aids which science can now offer to the body defenses.

Plants and Man. C. J. HYLANDER and 0. B. STAN- LEY. Illustrated. x + 518 pp. 1941. Blakiston.

A survey is inade of plant science, attempting to build a substantial foundation for further botanical study, while emphasizing the importance of appreciat- ing the various relations between plants and man. The authors consider harmful relations as well as use- ful ones.

Multiple Human Births. H. H. NEWMAN. IllUs- trated. xii + 214 pp. $2.50. 1940. Doubleday, Doran.

A study of multiple human births: their frequency, importance of heredity and environment, telepathy, psychology, criminology, intelligence, similarity, desira- bility and length of life. Case histories are given of all known American twins reared apart and later united.

The Control of Organisms. F. L. FITZPATRICK. Itllustrated. xvi + 334 pp. $2.75. 1940. Teachers College, Columbia.

Man's effort to suppress and dominate other living things is described, emphasizing existing methods of subduing the plants and animals that cause disease, and other types that make inroads upon human econ- omy. A background to the discourse is the author's solution-the concept of the balanced community.

The Petroleum Industry. R. B. SHUMAN. Illus- trated. xlv + 297 pp. $3.00. 1940. IThniversity of Oklahoma.

This book discusses the fundamental operations and technical processes of oil production. The author has attenmpted to produce an up-to-date source of informa- tion for the oil company executive, the student, and the practical production engineer.

A History of Medicine. A. CASTIGLIONI. llus- trated. xxviii -t 1013 pp. $8.50. 1941. Knopf.

Information is preseinted under three aspects: I hlat of ideas, the evolution of mnedical thought; that of ;II- )ortant medical events, discoveries, inventions ai(l achievements; and that of more prominent medical per- sonages. The developments in art, social and p)oliticul life, form the hbnckground.

Strange Malady. The Story of Allergy. W. rlp. VAUGHAN. Illustrated. xvii + 268 pp. $3.00. 1941. Doubleday, Doran.

The author endeavors to explain, and illustrate witli niumerous case histories, what is known about allergies of various kinds, why they affect some persons and not others, how suffering may be relieved and what ma y be done to avoid them.

The American and His Food. R. 0. CUMMINGS. xi.+ 267 pp. $2.50. 1940. Chicago.

A history of food habits in the United States. The diet of Americans is traced from the tiie of the settling of the country, with the influences upon it of economic conditions, transportation, climate and sci ence.

This is Our Land. E. G. CHEYNEY and T. SCHANTZ- HANSEN. Illustrated. 337 pp. $3.00. 1940. Webb.

In presenting the story of conservation in the United States, the authors make a plea for the better utiliza- tion of the nation's natural resources. The book is illustrated by a number of diagramns and drawings.

Engines of Democracy. R. BURLINGAME. Illus- trated. xviii + 606 pp. $3.75. 1940. Scribner.

The author traces the beginnings and growth of in- dustry and technology in the United States. Par- ticular emphasis is placed on the influence of scientific discoveries upon the economic and sociological life of the country.

New Age Sociology. E. A. Ross. Ivi+597 pp. $3.25. 1940. Appleton Century.

Attention is centered upon modern society, what it is at present and what major problems it must face. The primary purpose is to provide knowledge of the functioning of social processes, and to stimulate con- structive thinking on vital current social problems.

The Structure of Art. C. THJRSTON. 'FIluStrated. xiii + 190 pp. $2.50. -1940. University of Chi- cago.

Ani attempt is made to detach esthetics fromii philos- ophy and psychology and set it up as an independent "science." The gradual evolutioni of a complex adult art is sketched from elementary beginnings such as tlhe square and the circle.

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TE{E SCIENTIFIC MONTH{LYi

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1w0 THE ELECTRICAL EAR..-.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.......

"Joe took father's shoe bench out. She was waiting at my lawn."

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This is only one of the many tests to which telephone equipment is subjected in the Bell Telephone Laboratories. And there is a reason for the selection of those particular wo:rds.

It happens that the sentence, "Joe took father's shoe bench out," and its more lyrical comnpanion, "She was waiting at my lawn," contain all the fundamental sounds of the English language that con- tribute to thle intensity of sound in speech.

Busily at work in the interest of every one who uses the telephone is one of the largest research laboratories in the world. The outstanding development of the tele- phone in this country is proof of the value of this research. In times like these, the work of the Bell Telephone Laboratories becomes increasingly important.

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The Bell System is doing its *g, part in the country's program 2

of National Defense

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM

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THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

Vol. LII, No. 2 FEBRUARY, 1941 Whole No. 305

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY An Illustrated Magazine Devoted to the Diffusion of Science

Edited by J. McKEEN CATTELL, F. R. MOULTON and WARE CATTELL

PUBLISHED FOR THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D. C.

BY THE SCIENCE PRESS

LANCASTER, PA.-Grand Central Terminal, NEW YORK CITY-GARRISON, N. Y.

Single Number, 50 cents Yearly Subscription, $5.00 COPYRIGHT 1941 irY T-iE SCIENCE PRESS

Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., U. S. A., July 18, 1923, under the Act of March 3, 1879

RECENT BOOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Chambers's Technical Dictionary. Edited by C. F. TAWTENEY and L. E. C. HuGIIES. 957 pp. $5.00.

August, 1940. Macmnillan.

This work of refereucee couitaius mnany thousands of telrms drawin fromii about a hundr ed braniches of scien- tific anid technological activity. It bias been prepared by specialists for manufacturers, scienitists, techniicians, editors, teachers, students, anid general ieaders.

Science in Progress. Edited by GEORGE A. BAIT-

SELL. Illustrated. x + 317 pp. December, 1940.

$4.00. Yale.

This volume brings to the atten-tion of scientist and laymiian important contributions of tenl leaders in vari- ous scientific fields. These research workers wirite of the latest advance in their particular fields and the r elation of the new discoveries to scielnce as a whole. Each chapter is based upon a Sigma Xi lecture.

Cofferdams. L. WHITE amid E. A. PRENTICE. IllUS- trated. vi - 273 pp. $7.50. November, 1940. Columbia Uniiversity Press.

The work of en-gineers who for six years were di- rectly responsible for the design and execution of the work of several of the cofferdams of the Alississippi River, this book is an attempt to present in concise and practical form the essentials of scien-tific cofferdaim coastru ction.

Geology of Coal. 0. STUTZER. Illustrated. ix +

461 pp. $5.00. December, 1940. University of

Chicago.

Based on the author's work, "Kohle," published in Germany in 1-91-4, this book presents data from world- xvide sources on the character anid varieties of coal and the techniques of its examiination. Modern methods of coal rlesearch are discussed.

Industrial Chemistry. E. M. RIEGEL. 3rd Ed.

Illustrated. 351 pp. $5.75. Reinihold.

This book for readers without much knowledge of chemistry discusses the methods and processes de- veloped throughout the cheemical industiry in recent years. It aims to make knownv the ever yday life in that field as well as chemiiistry's contribution to the present-day world.

An Introduction to the Kinetic Theory of Gases.

J. JEANS. xvii + 311 pp. $3.50. 1940. Macmillan.

This book attempts to provide such knowledge of the Kiinetic Theory as is required by the serious student of physics and physical cheiiistry, and also to give the mathematical student the equipment necessary for the study of special monographs.

Contributions to Embryology. ix + 451 pp. Illus- trated. Paper bounid. $4.00. 1940. Cariiegie Inistitutioni.

A series of nine papers published under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Experi- mental studies on the developim-ent of embryos in man, the chimpanzee, the rhesus monkey, the rabbit and the alligator are reported.

A Waterhen's Worlds. ELIOT HOWARD. IllUS-

trated. v + 84 pp. $2.50. September, 1940. Mac- millain.

This volume contains the observations of the actions

of a pair of waterhens during the breeding cycle. The

author then exercises his powers of reasoining upon the

observed facts, in order to define the "worlds" of per-

ceptionis niade by a bird for its own inhabitation.

Books previously announced will be given space six times on this page for $12.00

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THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY iil

MODERN pH and CHLORINE CONTROL

This 80 page handbook brings together in simple language all the information necessary for the prac- tical application of pH, chlorine and phosphate con- trol and for water aiialysis.

It contains a simple explanation of pH control, a theoretical discussion of both colorimetric and elec- trometric methods, the application of pH control to various processes arnd descriptions of Taylor Slide Comparators, with complete methods of operation, and precautions to be observed in making determinations.

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Ptolemy 's Catalogte of Stars. A Re- vision of the Almagest. Quarto, vi + 307 pp., 1 plate. $1.00, paper; $1.50, elothl.

169 Callaway, Morgan, Jr. The Infinitive in Anglo-Saxon. Octavo, xiii + 339 pp. $1.00, paper; $1.50, cloth.

259 Davenport, Charles B., and Mary T. Scudder. Naval Officers: Thei-r He- r edity and Developm)ent. Octavo, iv + 236 pp., 60 charts. $1.00, paper; $1.50, cloth.

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