Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 56, No. 3 (Mar., 1943), pp. i-ivPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/17821 .

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THE MARCH

SCIENTIFIC M ON T HLY

CONTENTS

COLORATION OF ANIMALS AND THEIR ABILITY TO CHANGE THEIR TINTS. PROFESSOR G. H. PARKER .................................................... . 197

PERENNIAL SNOW AND GLACIERS. DR. J. E. CHURCH .211 PHARMACOLOGY OF THE SULFONAMIDE DRUGS. DR. SANFORD

M. ROSENTHAL .232 THE GERMAN "RACE." DR. A. HRDLI6KA ..................................................2............... 238 HIGHER EDUCATION IN CHINA. DR. ZING YANG Kuo .. 249 DAVID DALE OWEN, MAN OF SCIENCE. DR. WALTER B. HEN-

DRICKSON .................................................. . . 253 METEORITES AND THE MOON. DR. H. H. NININGER .... 259 WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE DR. ARCHIE J. BAHM . 266 RESPONSES IN AN ASSOCIATION TEST. THE LATm PROFESSOR

RLDOL1L PINTNER . 274

BOOKS ON SCIENCE FOR LAYMEN: The Life of Nathaniel Bowditch; A Biologist Looks at Man; Facts and Theories about Bird Migration; The Amateur Scientist in Philadelphia; Humanizing Spiders; A Survey of Biology . 277

THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE: Gary Nathan Calkins, 1869-1943; Charles Frederick Burgess, Ed- ward Goodrich Acheson Medalist; The Yale Laboratories of Primate Biology; Cranbrook Institute of Science Exhibit of Michigan Plant Life; Development of In- lractive Solar Promtnences . 282

PUBLISHED BY THE SCIENCE PRESS LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA

FOR THE

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C.

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NEW BOOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Odd Numbers. H. McKAY. 215 pp. $2.00. Jan- America's Natural Wealth. R. LIEBER. Ill. xiv +

uary, 1943.- Macmillan (Cambridge). 245 pp. $2.50. 1942. Harper.

The author of this book wants to show that arith- The author tells the story of the use and abuse of metic is nlot inecessarily dull as many people believe ouir natural resources. His aim is to set forth the that the understanding and manipulation of numbers nature of our material wealth in its bearing upon na- is exciting and imaginative for its own sake. He uses tional security and prosperity, civic and political bet- only straightforward arithmetical processes, simple termenit and upon individual happiness, success and trigonometrical ratios and elementary algebra. spirituial elevation.

Geomorphology. 0. D. VON ENGELN. Illustrated. Bird Display. E. A. ARMSTRONG. 11. xvi + 381 xxii + 655 pp. $4.50. 1942. Macmillani. pp. $5.50. December, 1942. Cambridge (Mae-

The science of land forms, the earth's configurationi millan). as a whole, and the shape and disposition of its larger- uniits are discussed in this textbook. The reader is The author intends this book to be a non-technical expected to have had an elementary course in geology introductioni to the study of bird psychology. Dis- and to be acquainted with the commoner minerals anid cussed are such subjects as the evolution of nest build- rocks as well as with the principles of geologic proc- iug, courtship, feeding, inijury-feigning, expression of esses. the emotions, etc.

Elementary Meteorology. V. C. FINCH, others. Soldier Doctor. C. I. JIJDSON. 11. 151 pp. $1.60. 111. x + 301 pp. $1.76. 1942. McGraw-Hill. 1942. Scribnier 's.

Here is an iintroduction to ineteorology especially This book tells for older boys and girls the life story designed for secondary school students in pre-flight ohisbiam G orga-tem wos e life w sthe training courses. The author intends the student to ? Willam Gorgas-the man whose life work was the

comprehend the principles of meteorology and, through fight against yellow fever. It begins with his boyhood the last two chapters, to learn their applications to in Richmond(l near the end of the Civil War and con- aviation. tinues through his career as the famous soldier doctor.

Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. L. H. HY- The Changing Indian. 0. LA FARGE, ed. Ill. x + MAN. 2nd ed. Illustrated. xx + 544 pp. $3.50. 184 pp. $2.00. 1942. Oklahoma. 1942. Chicago. This book gives the reader a picture of the Ameri-

This book is a laboratory manual as well as a text can Indian as he is today. Education, arts and crafts, in comparative vertebrate anatomy. Each physiologi- agriculture, conservation and forestry, population, pub- cal system is traced from its embryonic beginnings lic health, land tenure, the economy of many tribes, through its changes in the vertebrate groups to its aind tlle future of the Indian are among the many culmiination in the mammiials. topics discussed.

Handbook of Frogs and Toads. A. A. and A. H. Trail of the Money Bird. D. RIPLEY. Ill. xii + WRIGHT. Ill. xi + 286 pp. $3.00. 1942. Coi- 306 pp. $3.50. 1942. Harper. stock. The author, ani orniithologist of the Smithsonian In-

This volume supplies a key for the identification of stitution who iiiade a trip to Dutch New Guinea and frogs and toads and provides accounts of the appear- neighboring islands, tells the story of his adventures ance, range, habitat, life history, structure, voice, etc., there with the inatives, animals, weather, birds, etc. of 98 species and sub-species of frogs and toads of the 'rhe trip was made for the purpose of studying the UJnited States and Canada. bird life of those areas.

Family Treasures. D. D. WHITNEY. Ill. 299 p. The Philosophy of G. E. Moore. P. A. SCHILPP, $3.50. February, 1943. Jaques Cattell. ed. Ill. xvi + 717 pp. $4.00. 1942. North-

westerni. This popular guide to heredity is a simple presenta-

tion mainly by photographs of many of the normal and In this volulme the philosophical work of onie of the abnormal traits appearing in human families of two or. great living philosophers is described and critically ex- iore successive generations. One of its purposes is amined by nineteen contemporary European and Ameri-

to help rid people of unwarranted myths and theories can philosophers. Moore himself contributes an auto- concerning the origin of human traits. biography and "A Reply to My Critics."

Common Edible Mushrooms. C. M. CHRISTENSEN. Latin America. R. S. PLATT. Ill. x + 564 pp. Ill. x + 124 pp. $2.50. January, 1943. Min- $5.00. JanLuary, 1943. Whittlesey.

nesota. The author intends his book to present some new This book has beeni writtein to introduce forty-five of facts and concepts about Latin America anid to con-

the common edible mnushrooms so that people without tribute to geographic miiethod some evidence oni the pievious traininig or experience can learn how to recog- problem of field study for regionial understaniding. nize them fiomll poisonous ones, where and when to Each country is dealt with briefly as a whole and then fiid themii, and how to prepare them for eating. el)epsentati-e sketelses are given of the people.

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THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

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TO WIN A WAR, we must have hardened steel gears, pinions, and other essential parts that

can take a terrific beating-and keep on going. All steel is basically a mixture of iron and

carbon. To bring out its stamina and strength, steel must be heat-treated at high temperature.

But the carbon in steel is afugitive thing. When exposed to highly heated air, carbon literally "boils off" the metal. The steel surface gets softer through loss of carbon.

The problem in heat-treatment is to keep fugitive carbon on the job-in the steel surface where maxi- mum wear and strain occur.

Fortunately, Westinghouse Engineers tackled this problem years ago. They developed an "artificial atmosphere" in heat-treating furnaces that would not rob steel of its fugitive carbon- that left hardened steel parts clean andfree of scale.

It is known as the Westinghouse "Endogas"

Balanced Atmosphere. It is made from inex- pensive natural or manuifactured city gas-in a self-contained mixing chamber which is simple and easy to operate. It is exclusively a WYesting- house development.

And the balanced atmosphere in the "Endogas" Furnace may be varied, at will, for heat-treating practically any kind of steel-by merely changing the proportion of fuel gas and air in the mixing chamber. A typical result of Westinghouse "know how" in solving a problem that has perplexed metal workers since primitive man hammered out his first battle-ax!

Today, Westinghouse "Endogas" Furnaces are heat-treating vast quantities of gears, cams, dies, and other steel parts. They are setting the pace as America's astonishing war-production shifts into high.

Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Com- pany, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

TUNE IN the Westinghouse Program starring John Charles Thomas -- N B C Network, Sunday, 2:30 P. M., Eastern War Time.

estinghouse @ PLANTS IN 25 CITIES- OFFICES EVERYWHERE

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ii T H E'HE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

Vol. LVI, No. 3 MARCH, 1943 Whole No. 330

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY An Illustrated Magazine Devoted to the Diffusion of Science

Edited by J. McKEEN CATTELL, F. R. MOULTON and WARE CATTELL

PUBLISHED FOR THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR FHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D. C.

BY THE SCIENCE PRESS LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA

Single Number, 50 cents Yearly Subscription, $5.00 Copyright 1943 by

THE A-MERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCE-MENT OF SCIENCE

Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., U. S. A., July 18, 1923, under the Act of March 3, 1879

RECENT BOOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST The Vertebrate Eye. G. L. WALLS. Illustrated. The Methodology of Pierre Duhem. A. Low- xiv + 785 pp. $6.50. August, 1942. Craiibrook INGER. 184 pp. $2.25. November, 1941. Coluni-

Inistitute of Science. bia. This is a study of a lFrenchmanl who has donle work

The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation are discussed in three main sections: the fundamental

in physics and the history of science and whose meth-

background information, the environmental reasons for odological ideas have influenced logical thought in the

evolutionary changes, and the history of the eye traced IJnited States. The author begins with a non-techni-

from the lowest living vertebrates to the highest. cal introduction- to the philosophy of science.

The Dictionary o Philosophy.Ed. b D.D Motivation and Visual Factors. BENDER and The Dictionary Of Philosophy. Ed. by D. D. others. xix + 367 pp. 1942. Dartmouth. RUNES. 343 pp. $6.00. 1942. Philosophical Library. The authors of this volume, through the study of

The aim of this dictionary is to provide teachers, psycho-portraits based upon tests, interviews, and an students and laymen interested in philosophy with autobiography, have arrived at the conclusion that correct definitions and descriptions of the philosophical visual factors, even extreme deviations, do not in and terms throughout the range of philosophical thought. of themselves cause maladjustment. The report has In the volume are represented all the branches as well been drawn from the study of twenty college students. as schools of ancient, medieval and modern philosoplhy. Alcohol Addiction and Chronic Alcoholism. E.

M. JELLINEK, ed. xxiii + 336 pp. $4.00. Oc- On Growth and Form. D. W. THOMPSON. Illus- tober, 1942. Yale. trated- 1116 pp. $12.50. August, 1942. Mac-

t

millan (Cambridge). This treatise is on the etiology of abnormal drinking

This volume covers biological problems of growth and its effects on the bodily and mental functions of and form, and form and function, in their relation to the individual; the immediate effects of alcohol in any

physical principles and mathematical laws. The phys- quantity on the organs and their functions and on

ics and mathematics used are elementary, but ad- psychologic behavior. vanced enough to throw light on fundamental biologi- Civilian Health in Wartime. F. R. DIEUAIDE.

cal problems. vi + 328 pp. $2.50. 1942. Harvard.

Science in Progress. G. A. BAITSELL, ed. Ill. Dr. Dieuaide provides the general reader with a xiv + 322 pp. $3.00. December, 1942. Yale. state-ment in broad outlin-e of the varied aspects of

In this book recent developments in the fields of healtlh in the United States in relation to the war.

astronomy, physics, biology, medicine and chemistry The emiiphasis is placed on the preservation of health.

are discussed by ten well-known men of science. The Among the chapters included are: The Nutritional

book is based upon lectures presented in the National Background; The Aging and the Aged; Mental Calm

Sigma Xi Lectureships; it is the third in the series. and Vigor.

Books previously announced will be given space six times on this page for $12.00

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THE SCIENT'IFIC MONTHLY iii

New' GOLDBERG and ALLER

Atoms, Stars and Nebulae (The Harvard Books on Astronomy)

Tn this interesting volume of astronomical exploration, the reader encounters all sorts of curious objects: single stars, double stars, multiple stars, dwarf stars and giant stars, stars that pulsate and occasionally some whose surface layeis are suddenly wrenched away in cataclysmic stellar explosions. There are fascinating accounts of the stellar rainbow and an informing discussion of atoms and molecules. The appendix gives a convenient summary of factual elements, tables, lists, formulae. By Leo Goldberg, McMath-Hulbert Ob- servatory, and Lawrence H. Aller, Harvard College Observatory. 150 Illus., 323 Pages $2.50 (1943)

STRANATHAN

The "Particles" of Modern Physics A clear discussion of the elements of modern physics based upon experimental evidence and practical teaching experience. By J. D. Stranathan, University of Kansas. 211 Illus., 571 Pages $4.00 (1942)

T"HE BLAKISTON COMPANY, Philadelphia

RELA4PSING FEJVER viii + 1 3 0 pages (7 2 X 10 2 inches), 14 illustrations, 23 contributors, references,

cloth bound, published 1942.

Relapsing Fever is the eighth symposia volume on important public health problems. 'T'his volume is of immediate importance to public health officers and practicing physicians as well as specialists. The subjects covered include Distribu- tion, Parasitology, Tick Vectors, Epidemiology, Symptomatology, and Public Health Aspects.

The volume was prepared by a committee of leaders in this field of research, namely, Frederick G. Novy, Honorary Chairman, Malcolm H. Soule, Chairman, Sidney W. Bohls, Gordon E. Davis, Hardy A. Kemp, Walter H. Moursund, and Herlin L. Wynns.

Price, $3.00; special price to members of the Association on request.

American Association for the Advancement of Science Smithsonian Institution Building

Washington, D. C.

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iv THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

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Keeping 'Em Up... Bringing 'Em Down THE fighting men and the fighting fronts to hasten Victory. Back of the lines, civilian populations of the too, Bausch & Lomb products-such as Micro- United Nations are protected scopes, Metallographic and Spectrographic Appa- with the finest anti-aircraft ratus, and Contour Measuring Projectors-are defense in the world. speeding production of vital war materials. And in

The ability of anti-aircraft gunfire to keep enemy factories, American men and women are working planes high to bring enemy planes down-de- longer, more effectively and with less fatigue because pends on effective controlling mechanism. Its their eyesight, corrected through the professional "eyes" are the Anti-Aircraft Height Finder. De- and technical skills of eyesight experts, is kept at signed by Americans-made by Americans, this top efficiency. intricate observing and computing instrument is part of the "mechanical brain" that makes the aim - BA U& ing, fuse setting and firing of the anti-aircraft guns BA SJ & L NM B a matter of automatic precision. OPTICAL CO. EST. 1853

The Anti-Aircraft Height Finder is but one of ? itE . many Bausch & Lomb optical instruments used on

AN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION PRODUCING OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR MILITARY USE, EDUCATION, RESEARCH, INDUSTRY AND EYESIGHT CORRECTION

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