Front Matter Source: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 64, No. 2 (Feb., 1947), pp. i-viii Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/19304 . Accessed: 01/05/2014 13:29 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Scientific Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Thu, 1 May 2014 13:29:26 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Transcript
Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 64, No. 2 (Feb., 1947), pp. i-viiiPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/19304 .
Accessed: 01/05/2014 13:29
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
.
American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve andextend access to The Scientific Monthly.
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THE SCIENTIFIC JITHLY VOL. LXIV February 1947 NO. 2
F. L. Campbell, Editor Gladys M. Keener, Assistant Editor
Theo. J. Christensen, Business Manager
Contents -
2,4-D, A Potent Growth Regulator of Plants ....... H. B. Tukey 93
Eskimo Infanticide .......... ................ Clark M. Garber 98
Amino Acids . ............................... Sidney W. Fox 103
Beyond Time and Space (Verse) ............. William Newberry 108
Thomas Alva Edison ..................... Charles F. Kettering 109
Progress in Cork Culture in the lUnited States ..... Giles B. Cooke 117
Contributions of Entomology to Theoretical Biology. . C. T. Brues 123
Aerological Aspects of the Bikini B3omb Test. . A. A. Cumberledge 135
A Case Report on a History of Scientific Ideas.. Dorothy Slimson 148
Varied Approaches to Nature ..... ........... Lewis C. Westgate 155
A Dream of Man (Verse) .................... Almon Barbour 160
On Life as a Separate Entity ................... Thomson King 161
Humanics: A Crucial Need ................. Roger J. Williams 174
Book Reviews ................... I . 181
Comments and Critcisms . .187
Meet the Authors .. iii
Published monthly at the Waverly Press by the American Association for the Advancement of Science under the direction of the Publications Committee: Roger Adams, J. E. Flynn, Kirtley F. Mather, Walter R. Miles, W. J. Robbins, and Malcolm H. Soule. Office of publication, Mt. Royal & Guilford Aves., Baltimore 2, Md.
Orders for subscriptions and requests for changes of address should be directed to the Circulation Department, Mt. Royal & Guilford Aves., Baltimore 2, Md., or 1515 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Wash- ington, D. C. Four weeks are required to effect changes of address. Address all correspondence con- cerning editorial matters and advertising to the Office of The Scientific Monthly, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington 5, D. C.
Subscriptions: The calendar year, $6.00; single numbers, 60 cents. Copyright 1947, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., U.S.A., July 18, 1923, under the act of March 3, 1879. (Application for re-entry to the second class of mail matter under the act of March 3, 1879, pending at Baltimore, Md.)
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gg. ~~~H. B. TUKEY, Ph.D., was born at Berwyn, Ill. in 1896. He re- ceived his B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Ulniversity of Illinois and his Ph.D. from The University of Chi- cago. From 1920 to 1945 he was succes- sively assistant horti-
culturist, associate horticult;urist, and chief in research at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station and Professor of Pomology at Cornell University. In 1945 he moved to Michigan State College as head of the Depart- ment of Horticulture. He has carried on research work in general horticulture, especially stock-scion relations and dwarf fruit trees, developmental morphology of fruits, embryo culture, and growth-regulating substances.
CHARLEs T. BRUES, Emeritus Professor of Entomology, at Har- vard University, was born in Wheeling, W. Va., in 1879 and re- ceived his biological training at the Uni- versity of Texas and Columbia University.
Bachrach For a short time he served as an entomologist with the U. S. De- partment of Agriculture and for several years thereafter as Curator of Invertebrate Zoology in the Milwaukee Public Museum. In 1909 he went to Harvard University as an instructor in entomology and taught there continuously for thirty-six years until his retirement in 1945. He was a member of the staff of the Bussey Institution for Research in Applied Biology from 1909 until 1929.
-SIDNEY W. Fox, Ph. D. (Biochemistry, Califor- nia Institute of Tech- nology) was born in Los Angeles March 24, 1912. Since 1933 he has been engaged in re- search on the important amino acids, on pro- teins, vitamins, anti- biotics, and immunol-
ogy. From 1935-40 he worked on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation with Dr. Henry Borsook and Dr. T. H. Morgan, dis- coverer of the gene. He has done a great deal of work in industry, with the Cutter Labora- tories and the F. E. Boolth Company (on amino acids and proteins from fishery by- products), but since 1943 he has been Assistant Professor, Chemistry Department, Iowa State College. He combines this work with research at the Agricultural Experiment Station.
ROGER JOHN WILL-
IAMS Ph.D., was born in Qotacamund, India, on August 14, 1893. He was educated at the University of Redlands, the University of Cali- fornia, and The Uni- versity of Chicago. Af ter a year of indus- trial work with the
Fleischmarin Company he decided in favor of an academic career and joined the faculty of the Unive-rsity, of Oregon. His work with pantothenic acid won him an honorary D.Sc. and also the Mead Johnson award for research on the vitamin B Complex. In 1939 he went to the University of Texas as Professor of Chemistry. Research there under his direc- tion has led to the discovery of folic acid and to other advances in chemistry. Dr. Will- iams has written a number of textbooks.
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,-Meet the cAuthors (Cont.) J-Meet the ~Authors (Cont.)
THOMSON KING, E.E., whose poetry has ap- peared in our pages ("The Second Law of Thermodynamics April 1946, and the son- net "Atomic Power," October 1946), haslong had an interest in many things outside of his
Bachrach profession. Born in Weston, Md., December 7,1885, he graduated in 1908 from Lehigh University. He tried all sorts of occupations in his field, including a business of his own. After four months of hard work and much financial outlay, he charged this latter venture off to profit and loss and, finally, in 1910, he went to work for the Con- solidated Electric Light and Power Company, of Baltimore, and married, all in the same month. Both good moves, he says now. He is Commercial Engineer for Consolidated and as an avocation writes poetry; he also presides as President of the Shakespearean Society.
ARTHUR A. CUMBER- LEDGE, Captain, USNy was born in New Cas- tie, Pa., on May 24, 1908, but spent his boy- hood in Youngstown, Ohio. He graduated from Annapolis in the class of 1931 and there- after saw duty with the
U. S. Navy Photo Navy in carriers, bat- tleships, heavy cruisers, and destroyers. In 1940-41 he did postgraduate work in aero- logical engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving the degree of M.S. During the war he was Aerological Officer on the U.S.S. Hornet and with the Staff Com- mander, South Pacific Force; he was Com- manding Officer, Fleet Weather Central, at Knabarovsk, USSR. More recently, Cap- tain Cumberledge was Aerological Officer with the Commander of Joint Task Force One in Operation Crossroads; he graphically de- scribes his work in his present article.
DOROTHY STIMSON, Ph. D., came to Goucher
College in 12 as Dean and as a member of the History Department. She had previously had teaching experience, sometimes combined with administration, at Vassar College and at Transylvania College,
as well as in a secondary school. In 1930 she served for six months as Acting President of Goucher Coll-ege. Dr. Stimson had her academic training at Vassar College and at Columbia University, receiving her Ph.D. in history in 1917. In 1930-31, as a Guggenheim Fellow, she carried on research in England on her particular interest, the history of science. For the past twenty-five years she has taught a course in that subiect for iunior and senior students.
LEWIS GARDNER WEST- GATE, Ph.D. (Harvard), was born in Phenix, R. I., on October 8,1868. After he received his degree he taught sci- ence for seven years in the Evanston (Ill.) Township High School. From Evanston he went to Ohio Wesleyan
University, where he had a long and happy career (from 1900 to 1939) as Professor of Geology. His specialty was the geology of the Rocky Mountain area. He is now Pro- fessor Emeritus. For several years he engaged in field work in the West for the U. S. Geolog- ical Survey, and it is easy to believe after reading his article on Nature that he found this combination of teaching and field work delightful as well as Drofitable.
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. 4known for his tremen- dous achievements in applied science that it is
S nalmost presumptuous to try to write about him in a few words. Born on a farm near Loudonville, Ohio,
Blank & Stoller, Inc. August 29, 1876, he began his career at the Star Telephone Com- pany, of Ashland. Beginning by digging holes for telephone poles, he soon became foreman of the construction gang and before long he was introducing new and simplified procedures into the telephone business. Two years later he went back to the College of Engineering at The Ohio State University. He had dropped out earlier owing to recurring trouble with his eyes. Because of his excellent university record and his telephone company experience, he was employed upon graduation by the National Cash Register Company and, as head of their Inventions Department Number 3, he began his long and productive career in industrial research.
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Columbus, Ohio. He was for a long time Superintendent of Eskimo Education, Medical Relief, and Reindeer Herds in Alaska for the U. S. Bureau of Education. Stemming from his, interest in the Eskimo have come several books: Folklore of the Alaska Eskimos, White Eskimo Chief, and others.
Tables of Fractional Powers. Prepared by the Mathematical Tables Project under sponsor- ship of the National Bureau of Standards. Arnold N. Lowan, Project Director. xxx + 486 pp. $7.50. Columbia Univ. Press. New York. 1946.
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Audubon Bird Guide: Eastern Land Birds. RICHARD H. POUGH. xxxvi + 312 pp. Illus. $3.00. Doubleday & Co. Garden City. 1946.
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vi
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DENTAL CARIES AND FLUORINE Tooth decay is one of the most prevalent diseases of
civilized man and of great importance from the stand- point of hoth the individual and public health. Sta- tistics relative to dental defects among the millions of young men who served recently in our armed forces are startling. They hear out the general opinion of the dental profession that the yearly increment among American children of teeth requiring attention is greater than all dentists in this country could repair.
The Association's previous symposium, FLUORINE AND DENTAL CARIES, published in 1942, covered the early history of the early relation hetween fluorine and dental caries particularly in this country. This new symposium includes determinations of the diff er- ences in the chemical composition of teeth suhject to
FiG. 3b0. Penetrating Caries of Hamster Third dental caries and of those which have heen immune to Molars. Note the evidence of dihssolution beneath dental caries. It also reviews investigations of the way in which fluorine inhihits dental caries. Reports from the protecting enamel shell. the British Isles, India, and South Africa, as well as the
United States are presented The many investigations reported in this volume hear also upon the hroader and very important suhject of trace elements
in nutrition. These researches in the field of dentistry are, therefore, not isolated investigations relating to dental health alone, hut hear also on the- profound prohlems of cell metaholism. They illustrate and emphasize again the numerous interrelations among the many fields of science, and thus make all of science more interesting and of greater value.
List of Contributors Wallace David Armstrong, M.S., Ph.I)., M.D.
Professor of Physiologlical Chemistry, Director of the Laboratory of Dental Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
Francis A. Arnold, Jr., D.D.S. Dental Surgeon, U. S. Public Health Service, National Insti-
tute of Health, Bethesda, Md. Basil G. Bibby, B.D.S., Ph.D., D.M.D.
Dean, Tufts College Dental School, Boston, Mass. Henry Trendley Dean, D.D.S.
Dental Director, U. S. Public Health Service, National Insti- tute of Health, Bethesda, Md.
Harold Carpenter Hodge, M.S., Ph.D. Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N. Y. Philip Jay, M.S., D.D.S., Sc.D.
Associate Professor, University of Michigan, School of Den- tistry, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Frank J. McClure, M.S., Ph.D. Senior Biochemist, U. S. Public Health Service, National In-
stitute of Health, Bethesda, Md. T. Ockerse, D.M.D., D.D.S.
Dental Health Officer, Department of Public Health, Pretoria, Union of South Africa.
Reidar F. Sognaes, T.L., Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine,
Harvard University, Boston, Mass. Robert Weaver, M.D., D.P.H., L.D.S.
Medical Branch, Ministry of Education, Leeds, England. Abel Wolman, Hon. D). Eng.
Professor of Sanitary Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Univer- Rit- RBaltimnnr Md.
Table of Contents (1) Some General Epidemiological Considerations. B. Trendley Dean. (2) Epidemiological Studies in the United States. H. Trendley
Dean. (3) Epidemiological Studies in the British Isles and India. Robert
Weaver. (4) Fluorine and Dental Caries in South Africa. T. Ockerse. (5) Epidemiological Aspects of Oral Lactobacillus Counts in
Fluoride and Non-Fluoride Areas. Philip Jay and Francis A. Arnold, Jr.
(6) Chemical Differencesof Caries Suseeptibleand Immune Teeth and a Consideration of Food Sourcesof Fluorine. Wallacs D. Armstrong.
(7) Experimental Caries and a Discussion of the Mechanism of Caries Inhibition by Fluorine. Harold C. Hodge and Reidar F. Sognnaes.
(8) Nondental Physiological Effects of Trace Quantities of Fluor- ine. F. J. McClure. (9) Topical Applications of Fluorides as a Method of Combatting
Dental Caries. B. G. Bibby.
(10) The Possibility of Reducing Dental Caries by Increasing Fluoride Ingestion. Francis A. Arnold, Jr.
(viii 4- 111 pages, 74 x 104 inches, illustrated, references)
:Price: To A.A.A.S. members, $3.00; To nonmembers, $3.50 fi' Membership in the A.A.A.S.
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ORDER FORM A.A.A.S., PUBLICATIONS OFFICE 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5, D. C. Please sendDme ........... copies of DENTAL CARIES AND FLUORINE postpaid. I enclose $........... O Send me A.A.A.S. membership information. N am e.......................................................................................................................................................................... A ddress ..................................................................................................................................................................... City . Zone .. State...... SM472
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IF Alexander Graham Bell could look at the microwave antenna in the illustration, how quickly his mind would go back to his ovwn experiments, 67 years ago!
For in i88o the inventor of the tclcphone had another new idea. Speech could be carried by electric wires, as Bell had demonstrated. Could it be carried also by a light beam?
He got together apparatus-a telephone transmitter, a parabolic reflector, a selenium cell connected to handphones-and "threw" a voice across several hundred yards by waves of visible light, electromagnetic waves of high frequency.
Bell's early experiment with the parabolic antenna and the use of light beams as carriers
was for many years only a scientific novelty. His idea was far ahead of its time.
Sixty years later communication by means of a beam of radiation was achieved in a new form-beamed microwave radio. It was devel- oped by Bell Telephone Laboratories for mili- tary communication. In the Bell System it is now giving service between places on the main- land and nearby islands and soon such beams will be put to work in the radio relay.
In retrospect, Bell's experiment illustrates once again the inquiring spirit of the Bell Telephone System.
BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES i
Explorina and Inventina, Devisina and Perfecting for Continued Imorovements and Economies in Telephone Service
viii
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