Front Matter Source: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 71, No. 4 (Oct., 1950), pp. i-viii Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020 . Accessed: 02/05/2014 09:55 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Scientific Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Fri, 2 May 2014 09:55:54 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Transcript
Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 71, No. 4 (Oct., 1950), pp. i-viiiPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020 .
Accessed: 02/05/2014 09:55
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
.
American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve andextend access to The Scientific Monthly.
http://www.jstor.org
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Instruments which operated from a battery were dependable and stable only when the battery was at an optimum charge. These instruments needed constant adjustment to compensate for the state of charge. Now, this problem has been solved.
With the Fisher Power Supply Unit, de- signed especially for use with the Beckman DU Spectrophotometer, the battery is
constantly replenished at a rate equal to the drain. Your battery is never called on to provide a net current in excess of 0.5 amperes. Eliminate "drift" and its attend- ant calibration problems, put an end to battery changing and charging, minimize need for adding water, add greatly to the life of the battery.
Write today for further information,
Operates on 115 volt, 60 cycle A.C. Complete ;with 120 ampere hour storage battery, $161.45.
Wlithout battery, $135.00.
The Fisher Power Supply Unit is the result of research and development carried out in the Fisher Development Laboratories. The instrument is manufactured exclusively in-
Fisher Power Supply Unit, with the shops of the Fisher Scientific Company. battery and charger
Headquarters for Laboratory Supplies
FISHER SCIENTIFIC CO. EIMER AND AMEND 717 Forbes St., Pittsburgh (19), Pa. Greenwich and Morton Streets 2109 Locust St., St. Louis (3), Mo. New York (14), New York
In Canada: Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd., 904 St. James Street, Montreal, Quebec
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Cold Enough s D^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P.. ..... )^^..... _
toreeze...l
he IResiti anc
Out of0 M e s
When temperatures (drop low enough ... say 450 degrees below zero . . . bouncing molecules come tco a virtual standstill, eliminating resistance to the flow of elec- tricity so that curr-ent will flow indefi- nitely-even after the power supply has been cut off.
The illustration shows this phenomenon being demonstrated. A. circuit has been sub- merged in liquid helium at a temperature of 452 degrees below zero. The demonstrator ... Dr. Aaron Wexler ... has "pulled the plug", disconnecting the circuit. The needle on the upper scale reads zero.-no current is entering the circuit.
Yet, the indicator on the recorder below
shows that 7,000 amperes are flowing through a cylinder of niobium.
So we have a phenomenon .. . one of the dividends from pure research that is con- stantly under way with Westinghouse. This particular result of research may lead, for example, to new and better methods of electric power transmission, to mention only one possible application.
Such research into the behavior of matter, particularly metals, at super-cold tempera- tures, is typical throughout the history of Westinghouse . . it demonstrates one reason for the dynamic force of American industry ... it suggests why Westinghouse can live with such a strong statement as ...
G-10102
YOU CAN BE SURE..IF IT'sXVestineghous
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tIo: colle0or FOR routine laboratory rcioai n,were the finesse and ultimate- degree precision of the t tic drop-counting collector
exceeds the requirement fthtskti;nwflow-rate collector is an effici'ent and economical instuen.Bse ma sound rate-of-flow prin- ciple, the time-controlled mechanism will automatically collect any number of samples up to 200: any predetermined volume-per-sample up to 25cc.
As each fraction is collected, the carriage automatically advances to repeat identical collections consecutively until the whole fractionation has been made. When speed is essential, a tandem-collector (optional) can be hooked-in to double output. The Technicon Flow-Rate Collector is completely automatic: requires no attention during operation. Set it for the given experiment and go away: it will shut off automatically on completion of the fractionation. Send the coupon below for details.
- -gg"
THE TECHNICON COMPANY 215 East 149 St., New York 51, N. Y. Please send me particulars of the new Technicon "Flow-Rate" Fraction Colyector.
%-~r Contents Contour Strips, Winona County, Minnesota .Cover
(U. S. Soil Conservation Service photo) A Primary Social Science Law .Clark L. Hull 221 The Newfoundland Surveys in Human Nutrition
George R. Cowgill and Willard A. Krehl 229 Control of Sex in thte Honeybee ..Stanley E. Flanders 237 Dam Site vs. Norm Site .. Benton MacKaye 241 Technical Skills for Soil and Water Conservation .H. H. Bennett 248 Elasticity of Soft Body Tissues .Allen L. King and Richard W. Lawton 258 Three Poems ..Daniel Smythe 261 Evolutionary Determninism and the Fossil Record . . George Gaylord Simpson 262 Can Science Transcend Culture? ..Jessie Bernard 268 Science on the March:
Revolution in I)iesels ..J. 0. Kamm 274 Barbados, a Tropical Island without Weeds . .Ismael Ve'lez 276
Book Reviews by E. Wyllys Andrews, W. J. Brogden, Henry Clepper, Karl K. Darrow, B. C. Hendricks, Francis L. K. Hsu, George F. J. Lehner, Roald A. Peterson, Vincent M. Scramuzza, George E. Simpson, Matthew Stirling, Rufus Suter, and Laura Thompson 278
Correspondence ...286 Annual Meeting, AAAS, Cleveland, Ohio, December 26-30, 1950
G LADYS M. KEENER, Executive Editor, THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY
EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE AAAS (Terms expire June 30, 1951)
HOWARD A. MEYERHOFF, Chairman BENTLEY GLASS LORIN J. MULLINS K. LARK-HOROVITZ MALCOLM H. SOULE
F. A. MOULTON, Advertising Representative
Established 1872 as The Popular Science Monthly; since 1915 an official publication of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science.
Publication office, Business Press, Inc., 10 McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa. Orders for subscriptions anid requests for change of address should be directed to the Circulation Department, A.A.A.S., 10 McGovern Ave., Lancaster, Pa., or 1515 Massachu- setts Ave., N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Subscriptions: $7.50 per year; single copies 75 cents. Four weeks are required to effect changes of address.
Address all correspondence concerning editorial matters and advertising to The Scientific Monthly, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington 5, D. C. The editors are not responsible for
loss or injury of manuscripts and photographs while in their pos- session or in transit; all manuscripts should be accompanied by return postage. The American Association for the Advancement of Science assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions expressed by contributors.
Copyright, 1950, by the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., December 30, 1947, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage pro- vided for in the Act of February 28, 1925, embodied in paragraph (d-2) Section 34.40 P.L. & R. of 1948. Indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. The A.A.A.S. also publishes Science, the scientist's news weekly. Rates on request.
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Saving energy for better low-cost telephone service
Arrow points to tube containing a wire specimen under test for surface conductivity. The tube and wire are excited to r-esonance, by microwaves from generator at extreme left. Conductivity is ------- - ------ calculated fro frequency values indicated by barrel-shaped wavemeter (top center) and resonance curves traced on an oscilloscope screen (not shown).
In the waveguides which conduct microwaves to and from the antennas of radio relay sys- tems, current is concentrated in a surface layer less than 1/10,000 inch thick, on the inner sur- face of the waveguide. When these surfaces conduct poorly, energy is lost.
To investigate, Bell radio scientists devised exact methods to explore this skin effect at microwave frequencies. Scratches and corro- sion, they found, increase losses by 50 per cent or more. Even silver plating, smooth to the
eye, can more than double the losses of a polished metal. Very smooth conductors, like electropolished copper, are best. An inexpen- sive coat of clear lacquer preserves initial high conductivity for many months.
Energy saved inside a microwave station can be used in the radio-relay path outside. So sta- tions can sometimes be spaced farther apart, with more margin against fading. Here is another, example of the practical value of research at Bell Telephone Laboratories.
BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES f WORKI0G CONTINUALLY TO KEEP YOUR TELEPHONE SERVICE BIG IN VALUE AND LOW IN COST
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When it's time to decide which microscope you want to own, be sure to take a look at the new Leitz Medical Microscopes. Here is precision and quality that will stand the test of time and long-run performance; the kind of instrument that will meet your student needs today, your professional require- ments tomorrow.
IMPORTANT NEW FEATURES Made to the uncompromising standards of quality that have
and fine adjustments yet devised. earned world-wide recognition for the name Leitz, these New, built-in mechanical stage with low-set improved Medical Microscopes embody the latest advance- drives on a common axis... more convenience, ments, optical science can provide. They're easier to operate, smoother operation. more accurate than ever. New substage condenser with swing-out upper element permits the use of lenses from Write today for Catalog Micro 101-SM lowest to highest powers. Larger yet lighter stands with longer bearing E. LEITZ, InC 30 Hudson Street, New York 13, N. Y. surface1for the focusing motion ... easier to I 0 carry, easier to focus. Oil immersion lens is an.ti-reflection coated LEITZ MICROSCOPES SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS for maximum definition and better color rendition. LEICA CAMERAS AND ACCESSORIES
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WAR SURPLUS OPTICAL BARGAINS YOUR CHANCE TO SAVE REAL MONEY! MAKE A MICROSCOPE-Get wonderful results. Own an in- strument worth many times the cost to you. Simply convert a U. S. Govt. Riflescope (Govt. cost over $65.00). It's easy! We show you how. No matchining required. Get up to 40 Power. Scope we furnish is used but good condition ... sent complete with extra lenses and direction sheet. Stock #959-X ........ .. $7.90 Postpaid WRENCHES-for above project, to simplify and speed up work- Stock #89-X .......... $1.00 Postpaid
ASSEMBLE YOUR OWN BINOCULARS! Complete Optics! Complete Metal Parts?
Save More than 1/2 Regular Cost GOV'T 7 x 50 BINOCULARS
Hlere's an unusual opportunity to secure a fine set of Binoculars at Pa substaiitial saving of money. Offered here are complete sets of Optics and Metal Parts for the 7 x 50 Binoculars. These com- ponents are new and all ready for assembly. We supply full in- structions. METAL PARTS-Set includes all Metal Parts-completely finished --for assembly of 7 x 50 Binocu-
_ lars. No machining required. A sturdy Binocular Carrying Case is optional with each set of Metal P'arts.
Stock #842-X ..................$ 39.40 Postpaid p,lus $4.80 for Case-Total-$44.20
OPTICS-Set Includes all Lenses and Prisms you need for assembling 7 x 50 Binoculars. These Optics are in excellent condition-perfect or near perfect-and have new low re- flection coating. Stock 45102-X . 7 x 'i0 Optics . $25.00 Postpaid (These are standard Americain-made parts . .. not Japanese.) NOTICE: Add 20% FederEl Excise Tax if you buy both Binocular Optics and Metal Parts.
SPECIALY SPECIAL! * RONCHI RULINGS *
Black L.ine Grating Plate glass with etched parallel black lines-space between each line is same as thickness of the ruled line itself. Made by photographic process. Number of lines per inch ranges from 65 to 133 as shown below. Normally cost $4.00 to $5.00 per sq. inch. Used for testing astronomical mirrors, testing microscope objectives and magnifiers, used in pairs to see diffraction pattern.
(Some seconds, vith slight scratches) 1 in. x I in. 2 in. x 2 in.
Stock Lines Stock Lines No. Per In. Price No. Per In. Price
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_2W transmission ete #tok X693-X San fPnaWb
LOOK AT THIS BARGAIN! MOUNTED PROJECTION LENS-Speed F/1.9. . . F.IL. 15 mm. $22.00 value for $7.50. Low Reflection Coated. Used on 8 or 16 mm. Movie Projectors ... or to make a Desk Viewer or Editor . . . for 16 mm. Micro-film Reader . . . for Con- tour Projector for very small items. Stock #4045-X ............................... $7.50 Postpaid LENS CLEANING TISSUE-ist quality, sheet size 11" x 7%V . Made to Gov't, spec. Free of abrasives. High wet strength. Stock #721-X .......... 500 sheets $1.00 Postpaid SLIDE PROJECTOR SETS-Consist of all unmounted lenses you need to make the following size projectors: Stock #4038-X ........ 214" x 2 Y4 ".8.35 Postpaid Stock #4039-X ...... ... 21/2" x 31 2". $3.35 Postpaid
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Complete With Tripod and Swivel Head Only 51/2' long-81/2" high on tripod. Adapted from Army telescope and worth many times our price. Excellent for li clarity and sharpness. Has prism erecting system, achromatic objective, Ramsden Eye-Piece. Lenses low reflection coated. Ideal Seope for sportsmen and hunters. Stock #955-X ...................$............ 14.95 PostpAid
SO MUCH for SO LITTLE! SIMPLE LENS KITS!-THE LENS CRAFTERS DELIGHT! Fun for adults! Fuin for children! Kits include plainly written, illustrated booklet showing how you can build lots of optical items. Use these lenses in photography for copy- ing, ULTIRA CLOSE-UP SHOTS. Microphotography, for "Dummy Camera", Kodachrome Viewer, Detachable Reflex View Finder for 35 mm. cameras, Stereoscopic Viewer, ground glass and enlarging focusing aids. And for dozens of other uses in experimental optics, building TELESCOPES, low power Microscopes, etc. Stock #2-X-10 lenses ........................ $1.00 Postpaid Stock #5-X--45 lenses ............. .$ 5.00 Postpaid Stock #l0-X-80 lenses ............ .$ 10.00 Postpaid MOUNTED TELEESCOPE EYE-PIECE-Kellner type. Ei- cellent astronomical and other telescopes. War Surplus. Government cost about $18.00. Focal length 24 mme. Lens Diameter 23 mms. Unusually wide field. Stock #5189-X ................$.............. 3.25 Pootpaid
TERRIFIC BARGAIN! BUBBLE SEXTANT BRAND NEW and with Automatic Electric Averaging Devie* and Illuminated Averaging Disc for nighttime use. Govt. cost $217. Though brand new, we have re-checked Bubble and Collimation and guarantee perfect working order. Price includes wooden Carrying Case. Full directions for use accompany each shipment. block 4933-X .$22.50 Postpaid BUBBLE SEXTANT-TYPE A-8A. Excellent condition but m.ay be slightly used. Each has been carefully checked and collimnated. Averaging device for nighttime use. Carrying Cnse atid instruction booklet included. Gov't cost about $325.00 Stock #946-X .............. $32.50 Postpaid
TELrESCO1PE EYVEPT1rE E-(nniXq a# 2 Achromatic lenses F.L. 28 mm. in a metal mount.
oVllt IYO RE S htock #5140-X[....... ..... $4.50 P@stpad IF YOURE INTERESTED IN OPTICAL BARGAINS Lenses and Prisms for Sale at Bargain t Write for FREE CATALOG X AweE ORDER BY SET OR STOCK NO. Prices.NumerowasTypesof Instruments Taoo
? ? * Ri BR~~~~~~k 0a(Ik i 11 _ _ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~i
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$18 ,4W TEACHING ADVANTAGES , ...~~@0 NO CHANGE IN PRICE!
NEW! Instantaneous focusing with CERTAIN accuracy Save time, eliminate error! Simply insert the specimen slide in the prefocusing gage ... a quick turn of the coarse adjustment brings gage and slide in contact ... and the slide is placed on the stage... IN FOCUS!
NWImproved i'mage quality New 4mm and 16mm parfocal objectives with improved resolution and image quality --one with yellow knurling, one with green, so you can see at a glance that the correct objective is in position.
S,ee THE DIFFERENCE WITH A DEMONSTRATION
See how you save valuable class time ... how much more quickly and easily your students learn proper microscope technique ... with the many advantage- features of the "FL" Microscope.
WRITE for a demonstration and lit- erature to Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., 7 7 1-V St. Paul St., Rochester 2, N.Y.
Bausch & Loin b,9~~~~~~~~~~ Micro~~~scfipes
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