Front MatterSource: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,Vol. 94, No. 19 (Sep. 16, 1997), pp. i-viiPublished by: National Academy of SciencesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/43146 .
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
September 16, 1997
Volume 94 / Number 19
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Peptides on Paper For $2.00 per residue
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Cover photograph: Female figure representing earth-one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks: Tile medallion in the Great Hall of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Fellowships for Biological and Biomedical Sciences
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute announces the 1998 competitions for fellow- ship programs that support training in fundamental biological and biomedical research. Awards, based on international competitions, focus on research directed to understanding basic biological processes or disease mechanisms. Fellowships may be held at academic or nonprofit research institutions.
Predoctoral Fellowships in Biological Sciences
Up to five years of support for full-time graduate study toward a Ph.D. degree in bio- statistics, cell biology, epidemiology, genetics, immunology, neuroscience, or struc- tural biology. Applicants must not have completed the first year of postbaccalaureate graduate study in biology. Application deadline: mid-November.
Postdoctoral Research Fellowships for Physicians
Three years of support for training in fundamental research subsequent to at least two years of postgraduate clinical training and no more than two years of postdoctoral research training. Application deadline: early December.
Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students
An opportunity for medical students in the United States to explore a burgeoning interest in fundamental research. Support is awarded for one year of full-time funda- mental research in a laboratory at the student's medical school or another institution (except NIH in Bethesda, Maryland). Application deadline: early December.
Research Scholars at the National Institutes of Health
Under this joint HHMI-NIH program, medical students in the United States spend an intensive year in research in the intramural program at NIH in Bethesda, Maryland. Residence is provided at the Cloister on the NIH campus. Application deadline: early January.
1998 Program Announcements and Applications F o r Predoctoral Fellowships: Hughes Fellowship Program The Fellowship Office National Research Council 2101 Constitution Avenue Washington, DC 20418 United States of America Telephone (202) 334-2872 Fax (202) 334-3419 E-mail <[email protected]> http://fellowships.nas.edu
For Other Programs: Howard Hughes Medical Institute Office of Grants and Special Programs Department A098 4000 Jones Bridge Road Chevy Chase MD 20815-6789 United States of America Telephone (301) 215-8889 Fax (301) 215-8888 E-mail <[email protected]> http://www.hhmi.org/fellowships/
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, an Equal Opportunity Employer, welcomes applications from all qualified candidates and encourages women and members of minority groups to apply.
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
September 16, 1997 Volume 94, Number 19 pp. 10007-10486
Table of Contents
Commentaries
When protein engineering confronts the 10007-10009 tRNA world
Paul Schimmel and Dieter Soll
Minimized protein structures: A little goes 10010-10011 a long way
Maria N. Nedwidek and Michael H. Hecht
A new prion controls fungal cell 10012-10014 fusion incompatibility
Reed B. Wickner
Rational protein design: Combining theory 10015-10017 and experiment
H. W. Hellinga
Review
A vaccine for HIV type 1: The antibody perspective 10018-10023 Dennis R. Burton
Inaugural Articles
The problem of the spreading of a liquid 10024-10030 film along a solid surface: A new mathematical formulation
G. I. Barenblatt, E. Beretta, and M. Bertsch
Selection and nuclear immobilization of 10122-10127 exportable RNAs
Christian Grimm, Elsebet Lund, and James E. Dahlberg
Physical Sciences
APPLIED MATHEMATICS
The problem of the spreading of a liquid 10024-10030 film along a solid surface: A new mathematical formulation
G. I. Barenblatt, E. Beretta, and M. Bertsch
PHYSICS
Paul-Straubel-Kingdon trap for true zero-point 10031-10033 confinement of an individual ion and reservoir
Hans Dehmelt and Nan Yu
Biological Sciences
BIOCHEMISTRY
ActA is a dimer 10034-10039 Philippe Mourrain, Ifigo Lasa, Alexis Gautreau, Edith Gouin, Anthony Pugsley, and Pascale Cossart
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Contents
Bacterial resistance to vancomycin: Overproduction, 10040-10044 purification, and characterization of VanC2 from Enterococcuts casseliflavus as a D-Ala-D-Ser ligase
Il-Seon Park, Chun-Hung Lin, and Christopher T. Walsh
A pair of adjacent glucocorticoid response elements 10045-10050 regulate expression of two mouse metallothionein genes
Edward J. Kelly, Eric P. Sandgren, Ralph L. Brinster, and Richard D. Palmiter
The activation domain of the enhancer binding 10051-10056 protein p45NF-E2 interacts with TAF11130 and mediates long-range activation of the a- and f3-globin gene loci in an erythroid cell line
Persis J. Amrolia, Lakshman Ramamurthy, Daman Saluja, Naoko Tanese, Stephen M. Jane, and John M. Cunningham
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-induced cell 10057-10062 death by inhibitor of apoptosis c-IAP2 is under NF-KB control
Zhi-Liang Chu, Timothy A. McKinsey, Lily Liu, Jennifer J. Gentry, Michael H. Malim, and Dean W. Ballard
Phage display of a catalytic antibody to optimize 10063-10068 affinity for transition-state analog binding
Manuel Baca, Thomas S. Scanlan, Robert C. Stephenson, and James A. Wells
Evidence for protein X binding to a discontinuous 10069-10074 epitope on the cellular prion protein during scrapie prion propagation
Kiyotoshi Kaneko, Laurence Zulianello, Michael Scott, Carol M. Cooper, Andrew C. Wallace, Thomas L. James, Fred E. Cohen, and Stanley B. Prusiner
Characterization of human telomerase complex 10075-10079 Shyam Ramakrishnan, Harsh W. Sharma, A. Darise Farris, Kenneth M. Kaufman, John B. Harley, Kathleen Collins, Ger J. M. Pruijn, Walther J. van Venrooij, Mitchell L. Martin, and Ramaswamy Narayanan
Structural mimicry of a native protein by a 10080-10085 minimized binding domain
Melissa A. Starovasnik, Andrew C. Braisted, and James A. Wells
Solution structure of a 142-residue recombinant 10086-10091 prion protein corresponding to the infectious fragment of the scrapie isoform
Thomas L. James, He Liu, Nikolai B. Ulyanov, Shauna Farr-Jones, Hong Zhang, David G. Donne, Kiyotoshi Kaneko, Darlene Groth, Ingrid Mehlhorn, Stanley B. Prusiner, and Fred E. Cohen
Engineering a tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 10092-10097 for the site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo
David R. Liu, Thomas J. Magliery, Miro Pastrnak, (rnd Peter G. Schultz
The small GTP-binding protein Rho links G 10098-10103 protein-coupled receptors and Ga12 to the serum response element and to cellular transformation
Christian Fromm, Omar A. Coso, Silvia Montaner, Ningzhi Xu, and J. Silvio Gutkind
The mouse histone H2a gene contains a small 10104-10109 element that facilitates cytoplasmic accumulation of intronless gene transcripts and of unspliced HI V-1-related mRNAs
Yingqun Huang and Gordon G. Carmichael
RNA folding kinetics regulates translation of phage 10110-10115 MS2 maturation gene
Raymond A. Poot, Nina V. Tsareva, Irina V. Boni, and Jan van Duin
The C-type lectin domains of lecticans, a family of 10116-10121 aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, bind tenascin-R by protein- protein interactions independent of carbohydrate moiety
Anders Aspberg, Ryu Miura, Sandrine Bourdoulous, Motoyuki Shimonaka, Dick Heineg'ard, Melitta Schachner, Erkki Ruoslahti, and Yu Yamaguchi
Selection and nuclear immobilization of 10122-10127 exportable RNAs
Christian Grimm, Elsebet Lund, and James E. Dahlberg
Glutamic acid 286 in subunit I of cytochrome bo3 is 10128-10131 involved in proton translocation
Marina L. Verkhovskaya, Arturo Garcia-Horsman, Anne Puustinen, Jean-Louis Rigaud, Joel E. Morgan, Michael I. Verkhovsky, and Marten Wikstrdm
Regulation of estrogen receptor transcriptional 10132-10137 enhancement by the cyclin A/Cdk2 complex
Janet M. Trowbridge, Inez Rogatsky, and Michael J. Garabedian
Cloning and characterization of the mouse 10138-10143 vitamin D receptor promoter
Frederic Jehan and Hector F. DeLuca
DHFR/MSH3 amplification in methotrexate-resistant 10144-10149 cells alters the hMutSa/hMutSb ratio and reduces the efficiency of base-base mismatch repair
James T. Drummond, Jochen Genschel, Elisabeth Wolf, and Paul Modrich
Specific atomic groups and RNA helix geometry in 10150-10154 acceptor stem recognition by a tRNA synthetase
Penny J. Beuning, Fan Yang, Paul Schimmel, and Karin Musier-Forsyth
In vitro properties of the first ORF protein from 10155-10160 mouse LINE-1 support its role in ribonucleoprotein particle formation during retrotransposition
Vladimir 0. Kolosha and Sandra L. Martin
Mechanism of protein remodeling by ClpA chaperone 10485 (Correction)
Marie Pak and Sue Wickner
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Contents
Characterization of soluble forms of nonchimeric type 10485 V adenylyl cyclases (Correction)
Klaus Scholich, Ann J. Barbier, Jason B. Mullenix, and Tarun B. Patel
BIOPHYSICS
Exploring the folding free energy surface of a 10161-10166 three-helix bundle protein
Zhuyan Guo, Charles L. Brooks III, and Erik M. Boczko
The lipid bilayer determines helical tilt angle and 10167-10171 function in lactose permease of Escherichia coli
Johannes le Coutre, L. R. Narasimhan, C. Kumar N. Patel, and H. Ronald Kaback
Probing the role of packing specificity 10172-10177 in protein design
Bassil I. Dahiyat and Stephen L. Mayo
CELL BIOLOGY
Lipochitooligosaccharide-induced tobacco cells 10178-10182 release a peptide as mediator of the glycolipid signal
Michael John, Jurgen Schmidt, Richard Walden, Inge Czaja, Marion Dulz, Jeff Schell, and Horst Rohrig
Inhibition of Reaper-induced apoptosis by interaction 10183-10188 with inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)
Domagoj Vucic, William J. Kaiser, Alex J. Harvey, and Lois K. Miller
The a chain of laminin-1 is independently secreted 10189-10194 and drives secretion of its b- and y-chain partners
Peter D. Yurchenco, Yong Quan, Holly Colognato, Todd Mathus, David Harrison, Yoshihiko Yamada, and Julian J. O'Rear
Gravity and the orientation of cell division 10195-10198 Charles E. Helmstetter
Effects of p53 mutations on apoptosis in mouse 10199-10204 intestinal and human colonic adenomas
Amin Fazeli, Robert G. Steen, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Dolores Bautista, William F. Dietrich, Roderick T. Bronson, Robert S. Bresalier, Eric S. Lander, Jose Costa, and Robert A. Weinberg
Vitamin A in serum is a survival factor for fibroblasts 10205-10208 Yanqiu Chen, Fadila Derguini, and Jochen Buck
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Mutations of Arabidopsis thaliana that transform 10209-10214 leaves into cotyledons
Laura J. Conway and R. Scott Poethig
Abnormal skeletal patterning in embryos lacking a 10215-10220 single Cbp allele: A partial similarity with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Yasunori Tanaka, Ichiro Naruse, Toshio Maekawa, Hiroshi Masuya, Toshihiko Shiroishi, and Shunsuke Ishii
EVOLUTION
Elasmobranchs express separate cholecystokinin and 10221-10226 gastrin genes
Anders H. Johnsen, Lars J0nson, Ian J. Rourke, and Jens F. Rehfeld
Compositional differences within and between 10227-10232 eukaryotic genomes
Samuel Karlin and Jan Mruzek
GENETICS
Isolation of quelling-defective (qde) mutants 10233-10238 impaired in posttranscriptional transgene-induced gene silencing in Neurospora crassa
Carlo Cogoni and Giuseppe Macino
Altered 3'-terminal RNA structure in phage Qf3 10239-10242 adapted to host factor-less Escherichia coli
Daniel Schuppli, Giovanni Miranda, Ho-Ching Tiffany Tsui, Malcolm E. Winkler, Jose M. Sogo, and Hans Weber
Loss of the maternal H19 gene induces changes 10243-10248 in Igf2 methylation in both cis and trans
T. Forne, J. Oswald, W. Dean, J. R. Saam, B. Bailleul, L. Dandolo, S. M. Tilghman, J. Walter, and W. Reik
Calx, a Na-Ca exchanger gene of 10249-10254 Drosophila melanogaster
Erich M. Schwarz and Seymour Benzer
Leukemia-associated retinoic acid receptor a 10255-10260 fusion partners, PML and PLZF, heterodimerize and colocalize to nuclear bodies
M. H. M. Koken, A. Reid, F. Quignon, M. K. Chelbi-Alix, J. M. Davies, J. H. S. Kabarowski, J. Zhu, S. Dong, S.-J. Chen, Z. Chen, C. C. Tan, J. Licht, S. Waxman, H. de The, and A. Zelent
Lipoprotein lipase controls fatty acid entry into 10261-10266 adipose tissue, but fat mass is preserved by endogenous synthesis in mice deficient in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase
Peter H. Weinstock, Sanja Levak-Frank, Lisa C. Hudgins, Herbert Radner, Jeffrey M. Friedman, Rudolf Zechner, and Jan L. Breslow
Structure of the imprinted mouse Snrpn gene and 10267-10272 establishment of its parental-specific methylation pattern
Ruth Shemer, Yehudit Birger, Arthur D. Riggs, and Aharon Razin
DNA typing in thirty seconds with a 10273-10278 microfabricated device
Dieter Schmalzing, Lance Koutny, Aram Adourian, Phillip Belgrader, Paul Matsudaira, and Daniel Ehrlich
v
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Contents
Macrophage inf lammatory protein-2: Chromosomal 10279-10284 regulation in rat smnall intestinal epithelial cells
Yasuhiro Ohno, Jenny Lee, Robert D. Fusunyan, Richard P. MacDermott, and Ian R. Sanderson
Amplification of the full-length hepatitis A virus 10485 genome by long reverse transcription-PCR and transcription of infectious RNA directly from the amplicon (Correction)
Raymond Tellier, Jens Bukh, Suzanne U. Emerson, and Robert H. Purcell
IMMUNOLOGY
Expression of HLA class I-specific inhibitory natural 10285-10288 killer cell receptors in HIV-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes: Impairment of specific cytolytic functions
Andrea De Maria, Anna Ferraris, Marina Guastella, Simonetta Pilia, Claudia Cantoni, Laura Polero, Maria Cristina Mingari, Dante Bassetti, Anthony S. Fauci, and Lorenzo Moretta
Severe genital herpes infections in HIV-infected 10289-10294 individuals with impaired herpes simplex virus-specific CD8-'- cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses
Christine M. Posavad, David M. Koelle, Mary F. Shaughnessy, and Lawrence Corey
Hemato-lymphoid in vivo reconstitution potential of 10295-10300 subpopulations derived from in vitro differentiated embryonic stem cells
Alexandre J. Potocnik, Hubertus Kohler, and Klaus Eichmann
Antibodies to ribosomal P proteins of Trypanosoma 10301-10306 cr-tuzi in Chagas disease possess functional autoreactivity with heart tissue and differ from anti-P autoantibodies in lupus
Dan Kaplan, Ines Ferrari, Pablo Lopez Bergami, Evelina Mahler, Gabriela Levitus, Pablo Chiale, Johan Hoebeke, Marc H. V. Van Regenmortel, and Mariano J. Levin
A critical role of Lyn and Fyn for B cell responses 10307-10312 to CD38 ligation and interleukin 5
Tokutaro Yasue, Hirofumi Nishizumi, Shinichi Aizawa, Tadashi Yamamoto, Kensuke Miyake, Chieko Mizoguchi, Shoji Uehara, Yuji Kikuchi, and Kiyoshi Takatsu
The identification of CD4-'- T cell epitopes with 10313-10318 dedicated synthetic peptide libraries
Hoebert S. Fliemstra, Gaby Duinkerken, Willemien E. Benckhuijsen, Reinout Amons, Rene R. P. de Vries, Bart 0. Roep, and Jan W. Drijfhout
MEDICAL SCIENCES
Stable and efficient gene transfer into the 10319-10323 retina using an HIV-based lentiviral vector
Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Masayo Takahashi, Fred H. Gage, and Inder M. Verma
A variant of DNA polymerase b3 acts as a dominant 10324-10329 negative mutant
Nandan Bhattacharyya and Sipra Banerjee
b-Catenin mutations in cell lines established from 10330-10334 human colorectal cancers
M. Ilyas, I. P. M. Tomlinson, A. Rowan, M. Pignatelli, and W. F. Bodmer
Plasminogen deficiency accelerates vessel wall disease 10335-10340 in mice predisposed to atherosclerosis
Qing Xiao, Mary Jo S. Danton, David P. Witte, Mark C. Kowala, Maria T. Valentine, Thomas H. Bugge, and Jay L. Degen
Paracrine stimulation of interstitial collagenase 10341-10345 (MMP-1) in the human endometrium by interleukin la and its dual block by ovarian steroids
Christian F. Singer, Etienne Marbaix, Isabelle Kokorine, Pascale Lemoine, Jacques Donnez, Yves Eeckhout, and Pierre J. Courtoy
Isolation of a multispecific organic anion and cardiac 10346-10350 glycoside transporter from rat brain
Birgitta Noe, Bruno Hagenbuch, Bruno Stieger, and Peter J. Meier
Loss of the gene encoding mannose 10351-10355 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor is an early event in liver carcinogenesis
Tomoya Yamada, Angus T. De Souza, Sydney Finkelstein, and Randy L. Jirtle
The epitopes for some antiphospholipid antibodies 10356-10361 are adducts of oxidized phospholipid and 02
glycoprotein 1 (and other proteins) Sohvi H6rkko, Elizabeth Miller, D. Ware Branch, Wulf Palinski, and Joseph L. Witztum
Search for the pathogenesis of the differing 10362-10366 phenotype in two compound heterozygote Hungarian brothers with the same genotypic triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
Susan HollTn, Maria Mag6csi, Elfrieda Fodor, Margit Horunyi, Veronika HarsTnyi, and Tibor Farkas
Broccoli sprouts: An exceptionally rich source of 10367-10372 inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens
Jed W. Fahey, Yuesheng Zhang, and Paul Talalay
Direct isolation of human transcribed sequences from 10373-10378 yeast artificial chromosomes through the application of RNA fingerprinting
Ivan H. Still, Pauline Vince, and John K. Cowell
MICROBIOLOGY
The product of ORF 0 located within the domain of 10379-10384 herpes simplex virus 1 genome transcribed during latent infection binds to and inhibits in vitro binding of infected cell protein 4 to its cognate DNA site
Glenn Randall, Michael Lagunoff, and Bernard Roizman
Yersinia signals macrophages to undergo apoptosis 10385-10390 and YopJ is necessary for this cell death
Denise M. Monack, Joan Mecsas, Nafisal Ghori, and Stanley Falkow
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Contents
NEUROBIOLOGY
The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is expressed 10391-10396 primarily in glial cells in the neonatal rat brain
Ana GuadaTo-Ferraz, Maria Jesus Obreg6n, Donald L. St. Germain, and Juan Bernal
FosB mutant mice: Loss of chronic cocaine induction 10397-10402 of Fos-related proteins and heightened sensitivity to cocaine's psychomotor and rewarding effects
Noboru Hiroi, Jennifer R. Brown, Colin N. Haile, Hong Ye, Michael E. Greenberg, and Eric J. Nestler
Context-sensitive synaptic plasticity and 10403-10408 temporal-to-spatial transformations in hippocampal slices
Dean V. Buonomano, Peter W. Hickmott, and Michael M. Merzenich
Genetic influence on neurogenesis in the dentate 10409-10414 gyrus of adult mice
Gerd Kempermann, H. Georg Kuhn, and Fred H. Gage
Impaired long-term potentiation induction in 10415-10420 dentate gyrus of calretinin-deficient mice
St6phane Schurmans, Serge N. Schiffmann, Hirac Gurden, Martine Lemaire, Hans-Peter Lipp, Valerie Schwam, Roland Pochet, Assunta Imperato, Georg Andrees Bohme, and Marc Parmentier
Representation of sound localization cues in the 10421-10425 auditory thalamus of the barn owl
Larry Proctor and Masakazu Konishi
Excitatory-inhibitory network in the visual cortex: 10426-10431 Psychophysical evidence
Yael Adini, Dov Sagi, and Misha Tsodyks
Apoptosis and proliferation of dentate gyrus neurons 10432-10437 after single and intermittent limbic seizures
Johan Bengzon, Zaal Kokaia, Eskil Elmer, Avtandil Nanobashvili, Merab Kokaia, and Olle Lindvall
A dynamin GTPase mutation causes a rapid and 10438-10443 reversible temperature-inducible locomotion defect in C. elegans
Scott G. Clark, Dixie-Lee Shurland, Elliot M. Meyerowitz, Cornelia I. Bargmann, and Alexander M. van der Bliek
Control of time-dependent biological processes by 10444-10449 temporally patterned input
Vladimir Brezina, Irina V. Orekhova, and Klaudiusz R. Weiss
PHARMACOLOGY
Neuroprotective activity of a new class of 10450-10454 steroidal inhibitors of the N-methyl-D- aspartate receptor
Charles E. Weaver, Jr., Przemyslaw Marek, Mijeong Park-Chung, S. William Tam, and David H. Farb
PHYSIOLOGY
Synergistic interaction between leptin and 10455-10460 cholecystokinin to reduce short-term food intake in lean mice
Maria Dolores Barrachina, Vicente Martinez, Lixin Wang, Jen Yu Wei, and Yvette Tache
RGS proteins reconstitute the rapid gating kinetics 10461-10466 of Gb-y-activated inwardly rectifying K-'- channels
Craig A. Doupnik, Norman Davidson, Henry A. Lester, and Paulo Kofuji
PLANT BIOLOGY
A possible role for kinase-associated protein 10467-10472 phosphatase in the Arabidopsis CLAVATAI signaling pathway
Robert W. Williams, Jeanne M. Wilson, and Elliot M. Meyerowitz
Dinor-oxo-phytodienoic acid: A new hexadecanoid 10473-10478 signal in the jasmonate family
Hans Weber, Brady A. Vick, and Edward E. Farmer
CP12 provides a new mode of light regulation of 10479-10484 Calvin cycle activity in higher plants
Norbert Wedel, Jurgen Soll, and Brigitte K. Paap
AUTHOR INDEX ix-x
INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS xi-xiii
SIZING WORKSHEET xiv
SUBSCRIPTION FORM xv
COPYRIGHT ASSIGNMENT FORM xvi
vii
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