Front MatterSource: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,Vol. 95, No. 3 (Feb. 3, 1998), pp. i-viiPublished by: National Academy of SciencesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/44185 .
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
February 3, 1998
Volume 95/ Number 3
INCLUDES: PAPERS FROM A NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES COLLOQUIUM ON NEUROIMAGING OF HUMAN BRAIN FUNCTION
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Officers of the Academy
BRUCE ALBERTS, President JACK HALPERN, Vice President PETER H. RAVEN, Home Secretary F. SHERWOOD ROWLAND, Foreign Secretary RONALD L. GRAHAM, Treasurer
NICHOLAS R. COZZARELLI Editor-in-Chief
Editorial Board of the Proceedings
MAY R. BERENBAUM PETER J. BICKEL WILLIAM CATTERALL ANTHONY CERAMI PIERRE CHAMBON MARSHALL H. COHEN STANLEY N. COHEN DAVID R. DAVIES HERMAN N. EISEN RAYMOND L. ERIKSON ANTHONY S. FAUCI NINA FEDOROFF
CHARLES FEFFERMAN WALTER M. FITCH JOSEPH L. GOLDSTEIN CAROL A. GROSS JACK HALPERN BERTIL HILLE PIERRE C. HOHENBERG H. ROBERT HORVITZ ALFRED G. KNUDSON ROGER KORNBERG ROBERT LANGER HARVEY F. LODISH
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (ISSN-0027-8424) is published biweekly by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Correspondence: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 USA (via U.S. postal service) or 1055 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW, Suite F02013, Washington, DC 20007 USA (via courier or express mail). E-mail: [email protected]. Information for Authors: See pp. xi-xiii (of this issue) or http://www.pnas.org. Copyright: Volumes 90-95, copyright ?) 1993-1998 by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, all rights reserved; Volumes 1-89, copyright as a collective work only [author(s) retains copyright to individual articles]. Requests for Permission: Address requests to reproduce material published in Volumes 1-89 to the original author(s); address other requests to the Permissions Office of the PROCEEDINGS, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 USA, FAX 202-625-4749. Please cite the exact material to be reprinted and state specifically where it will be used. Photocopies: The journal is registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA, FAX 978-750-4470. Authorization to photocopy items for the internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES provided that the copier pays to the Center the fee stated in the code on the first page of each article. Microforms: Contact University Microfilms Inc., P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA. This journal is printed on acid-free paper effective with Volume 84, Issue 1. Subscriptions: Address subscription correspondence to the Circulation Office of the PROCEEDINGS, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Subscriptions are entered on a calendar-year basis only. The 1998 subscription rates for print only/online only/print plus online are as follows-in the U.S.: student, $90/$50/$110; postdoctoral, $125/$50/$150; personal, $165/$100/$195; institutional, $685/$615/$820-elsewhere (print by surface mail): student, $190/$50/$210; postdoctoral, $225/ $50/$250; personal, $265/$100/$295; institutional, $785/$615/$920-elsewhere by expedited delivery at a surcharge of $320. Air mail rates available on request. Exclusive Agent for Subscribers in Japan: USACO Corporation, 13-12, Shimbashi, 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105 Japan. Change ofAddress: Notify the Circulation Office 6 weeks in advance and list the old and new addresses. The Academy is not responsible for nonreceipt of issues because of an improper address, unless a change of address is on file. Claims: Requests for replacement copies will not be honored more than 60 days after the issue date for domestic subscribers and not more than 90 days after the issue date for foreign subscribers. Claims will not be honored for more than 2 issues per calendar year for the same subscriber. Single Copies: $30 per issue in the U.S., $40 elsewhere. Canadian GST: Registration Number R-133130880. Advertising: Contact FASEB AdNet, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3998 USA. Phone 800-43-FASEB X7103 or 301-530-7103, FAX 301-571-0683. Postmaster: Send address changes to PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing offices. PRINTED IN THE USA
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES is also available online at http://www.pnas.org. Cover photograph: This issue contains a colloquiu7n entitled "Neuroimaging and Human Brain Function" (pages 763-929) The cover displays a montage of data during a word generation task from new techniques of functional brain imaging. The upper left image shows positron emission tomography (PET) data, the bottom image shows a similar section from a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, and the upper right image is the same fMRI study projected onto a fully unfolded surface of a human cerebral hemisphere. Each image shows areas of increased brain activity in color. The line through the three images is an fMRI time response to individual word generation events obtained at the location of the brightest response in the bottom fMRI image. Figure courtesy of Randy Buckner and Anders Dale at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University, St. Louis, and the Massachusetts General Hospital Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Boston.
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF TIE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
February 3, 1998 Volume 95, Number 3 pp. 763-1348
Table of Contents
Papers from a National Academy of Sciences Colloquium on Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function
The neuroimaging of human brain function 763-764 Michael I. Posner and Marcus E. Raichle
Behind the scenes of functional brain imaging: 765-772 A historical and physiological perspective
Marcus E. Raichle
Event-related functional MRI: Past, present, 773-780 and future
Bruce R. Rosen, Randy L. Buckner, and Anders M. Dale
Event-related brain potentials in the study of visual 781-787 selective attention
Steven A. Hillyard and Lourdes Anllo-Vento
Functional and structural mapping of human cerebral 788-795 cortex: Solutions are in the surfaces
David C. Van Essen, Heather A. Drury, Sarang Joshi, and Michael I. Miller
Imaging neuroscience: Principles or maps? 796-802 Karl J. Friston
Spatially independent activity patterns in functional 803-810 MRI data during the Stroop color-naming task
Martin J. McKeown, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Scott Makeig, Greg Brown, Sandra S. Kindermann, Te-Won Lee, and Terrence J. Sejnowski
Functional analysis of primary visual cortex (V1) 811-817 in humans
Roger B. H. Tootell, Nouchine K. Hadjikhani, Wim Vanduffel, Arthur K. Liu, Janine D. Mendola, Martin I. Sereno, and Anders M. Dale
The representation of the ipsilateral visual field in 818-824 human cerebral cortex
Roger B. H. Tootell, Janine D. Mendola, Nouchine K. Hadjikhani, Arthur K. Liu, and Anders M. Dale
On the role of selective attention in visual perception 825-830 Steven J. Luck and Michelle A. Ford
Frontoparietal cortical networks for directing 831-838 attention and the eye to visual locations: Identical, independent, or overlapping neural systems?
Maurizio Corbetta
Neural components of topographical representation 839-846 Geoffrey K. Aguirre, Eric Zarahn, and Mark D'Esposito
The neural development and organization of letter 847-852 recognition: Evidence from functional neuroimaging, computational modeling, and behavioral studies
Thad A. Polk and Martha J. Farah
The effects of practice on the functional anatomy of 853-860 task performance
Steven E. Petersen, Hanneke van Mier, Julie A. Fiez, and Marcus E. Raichle
iii
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Contents
The acquisition of skilled motor performance: Fast 861-868 and slow experience-driven changes in primary motor cortex
Avi Karni, Gundela Meyer, Christine Rey-Hipolito, Peter Jezzard, Michelle M. Adams, Robert Turner, and Leslie G. Ungerleider
Rapidly induced auditory plasticity: The 869-875 ventriloquism aftereffect
Gregg H. Recanzone
Components of verbal working memory: Evidence 876-882 from neuroimaging
Edward E. Smith, John Jonides, Christy Marshuetz, and Robert A. Koeppe
A neural system for human visual working memory 883-890 Leslie G. Ungerleider, Susan M. Courtney, and James V. Haxby
Functional neuroimaging studies of encoding, priming, 891-898 and explicit memory retrieval
Randy L. Buckner and Wilma Koutstaal
Anatomy of word and sentence meaning 899-905 Michael I. Posner and Antonella Pavese
The role of left prefrontal cortex in language 906-913 and memory
John D. E. Gabrieli, Russell A. Poldrack, and John E. Desmond
Neuroimaging studies of word reading 914-921 Julie A. Fiez and Steven E. Petersen
Cerebral organization for language in deaf and 922-929 hearing subjects: Biological constraints and effects of experience
Helen J. Neville, Daphne Bavelier, David Corina, Josef Rauschecker, Avi Karni, Anil Lalwani, Allen Braun, Vince Clark, Peter Jezzard, and Robert Turner
Commentaries
The environmental dependency of protein folding best 930-932 explains prion and amyloid diseases
Jeffery W. Kelly
Parallel processing in the nervous system: Evidence 933-934 from sensory maps
Eric D. Young
Inaugural Article
Fifteen fatal fallacies of financial fundamentalism: 1340-1347 A disquisition on demand-side economics
William Vickrey
Physical Sciences
CHEMISTRY
Electric field-induced critical demixing in lipid 935-938 bilayer membranes
Jay T. Groves, Steven G. Boxer, and Harden M. McConnell
Analysis of the S3 and S3' subsite specificities of 939-944 feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) protease: Development of a broad-based protease inhibitor efficacious against FIV, SIV, and HIV in vitro and ex vivo
Taekyu Lee, Gary S. Laco, Bruce E. Torbett, Howard S. Fox, Danica L. Lerner, John H. Elder, and Chi-Huey Wong
Biological Sciences
BIOCHEMISTRY
Structure of the elongating ribosome: Arrangement of 945-950 the two tRNAs before and after translocation
Knud H. Nierhaus, Jorg Wadzack, Nils Burkhardt, Ralf Jiinemann, Wolf Meerwinck, Regine Willumeit, and Heinrich B. Stuhrmann
A translational repression assay procedure (TRAP) 951-956 for RNA-protein interactions in vivo
Efrosyni Paraskeva, Ann Atzberger, and Matthias W. Hentze
Identification and mutagenesis of a highly conserved 957-962 domain in troponin T responsible for troponin I binding: Potential role for coiled coil interaction
Raymund Stefancsik, Prakash K. Jha, and Satyapriya Sarkar
Nlk is a murine protein kinase related to Erk/MAP 963-968 kinases and localized in the nucleus
Barbara K. Brott, Benjamin A. Pinsky, and Raymond L. Erikson
Studying the recruitment of Spl to the 13-globin 969-974 promoter with an in vivo method: Protein position identification with nuclease tail (PINPOINT)
Jong-Soo Lee, Chang-Hun Lee, and Jay H. Chung
Mutational analysis of protein phosphatase 2C 975-980 involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in higher plants
Jen Sheen
The 30-kDa C-terminal domain of the RecB protein is 981-986 critical for the nuclease activity, but not the helicase activity, of the RecBCD enzyme from Escherichia coli
Misook Yu, Jehanne Souaya, and Douglas A. Julin
A supersymmetric model for the evolution of the 987-992 genetic code
J. D. Bashford, I. Tsohantjis, and P. D. Jarvis
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene is 993-998 required for cell cycle exit upon serum withdrawal
Arnim Pause, Stephen Lee, Kim M. Lonergan, and Richard D. Klausner
In vitro assembly of a ribonucleoprotein particle 999-1003 corresponding to the platform domain of the 30S ribosomal subunit
S. C. Agalarov, E. N. Zheleznyakova, 0. M. Selivanova, L. A. Zheleznaya, N. I. Matvienko, V. D. Vasiliev, and A. S. Spirin
ATP-enhanced molecular chaperone functions of the 1004-1009 small heat shock protein human aB crystallin
Paul J. Muchowski and John I. Clark
iv
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Contents
Mammalian DNA topoisomerase Illa is essential in 1010-1013 early embryogenesis
Wei Li and James C. Wang
In vivo genomic footprinting analysis reveals that the 1014-1019 complex Bradyrhizobium japonicum fixRnifA promoter region is differently occupied by two distinct RNA polymerase holoenzymes
Humberto Barrios, Ricardo Grande, Leticia Olvera, and Enrique Morett
BIOPHYSICS
Nativelike topology assembly of small proteins using 1020-1025 predicted restraints in Monte Carlo folding simulations
Angel R. Ortiz, Andrzej Kolinski, and Jeffrey Skolnick
Opening-up of liposomal membranes by talin 1026-1031 Akihiko Saitoh, Kingo Takiguchi, Yohko Tanaka, and Hirokazu Hotani
Spontaneous liposome formation induced by grafted 1032-1037 poly(ethylene oxide) layers: Theoretical prediction and experimental verification
Igal Szleifer, Oleg V. Gerasimov, and David H. Thompson
CELL BIOLOGY
Increased expression of adenylylcyclase type VI 1038-1043 proportionately increases ,3-adrenergic receptor- stimulated production of cAMP in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes
Meihua Gao, Peipei Ping, Steven Post, Paul A. Insel, Ruoying Tang, and H. Kirk Hammond
Defective stratum corneum and early neonatal death 1044-1049 in mice lacking the gene for transglutaminase 1 (keratinocyte transglutaminase)
Masato Matsuki, Fumiyoshi Yamashita, Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto, Keiko Yamada, Chikako Kinoshita, Shinji Fushiki, Eiichiro Ueda, Yohichi Morishima, Kohichi Tabata, Hirokazu Yasuno, Mitsuru Hashida, Hajime lizuka, Masahito Ikawa, Masaru Okabe, Gen Kondoh, Taroh Kinoshita, Junji Takeda, and Kiyofumi Yamanishi
Tumorigenic conversion of immortal human 1050-1055 keratinocytes through stromal cell activation
Mihaela Skobe and Norbert E. Fusenig
Exit of major histocompatibility complex class 1056-1061 II-invariant chain p35 complexes from the endoplasmic reticulum is modulated by phosphorylation
Tomomi Kuwana, Per A. Peterson, and Lars Karlsson
De novo adipogenesis in mice at the site of injection 1062-1066 of basement membrane and basic fibroblast growth factor
Nobuko Kawaguchi, Kazuhiro Toriyama, Eleni Nicodemou-Lena, Kazuhiko Inou, Shuhei Torii, and Yasuo Kitagawa
Dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation in 1067-1072 the absence of invariant chain
Patrizia Rovere, Valerie S. Zimmermann, Fr6d6rique Fiorquet, Denis Demandolx, Jeannine Trucy, Paola Rlicciardi-Castagnoli, and Jean Davoust
Coatomer, but not P200/myosin II, is required for the 1073-1078 in vitro formation of trans-Golgi network-derived vesicles containing the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus
Jean-Pierre Simon, Tian-Huai Shen, Ivan E. Ivanov, Diego Gravotta, Takashi Morimoto, Milton Adesnik, and David D. Sabatini
The rat gene homologous to the human gene 9-27 is 1079-1084 involved in the development of the mammary gland
I. Zucchi, C. Montagna, L. Susani, P. Vezzoni, and R. Dulbecco
The polyoma virus T antigen interferes with 1085-1090 interferon-inducible gene expression
Xiao Weihua, Sujatha Ramanujam, Daniel J. Lindner, Rama D. Kudaravalli, Robert Freund, and Dhananjaya V. Kalvakolanu
Assembly of cyclin D-dependent kinase and titration 1091-1096 of p27KiPl regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1)
Mangeng Cheng, Veronika Sexl, Charles J. Sherr, and Martine F. Roussel
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Shifts in the life history of parasitic wasps correlate 1097-1101 with pronounced alterations in early development
Miodrag Grbi6 and Michael R. Strand
Identification of the Megl/Grb10 imprinted gene on 1102-1107 mouse proximal chromosome 11, a candidate for the Silver-Russell syndrome gene
Naoki Miyoshi, Yoshimi Kuroiwa, Takashi Kohda, Hiroshi Shitara, Hiromichi Yonekawa, Tohru Kawabe, Hideaki Hasegawa, Sheilla C. Barton, M. Azim Surani, Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, and Fumitoshi Ishino
ECOLOGY
Rendering the inedible edible: Circumvention of a 1108-1113 millipede's chemical defense by a predaceous beetle larva (Phengodidae)
Thomas Eisner, Maria Eisner, Athula B. Attygalle, Mark Deyrup, and Jerrold Meinwald
GENETICS
Identification of the Megl/GrblO imprinted gene on 1102-1107 mouse proximal chromosome 11, a candidate for the Silver-Russell syndrome gene
Naoki Miyoshi, Yoshimi Kuroiwa, Takashi Kohda, Hiroshi Shitara, Hiromichi Yonekawa, Tohru Kawabe, Hideaki Hasegawa, Sheilla C. Barton, M. Azim Surani, Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino, and Fumitoshi Ishino
X-ray-induced mutations in mouse embryonic 1114-1119 stem cells
James W. Thomas, Christian LaMantia, and Terry Magnuson
Structure-function analysis of integrase interactor 1120-1125 1/hSNFSL1 reveals differential properties of two repeat motifs present in the highly conserved region
Alexei Morozov, Eric Yung, and Ganjam V. Kalpana
v
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Contents
Tissues of MSH2-deficient mice demonstrate 1126-1130 hypermutability on exposure to a DNA methylating agent
Susan E. Andrew, Margaret McKinnon, Benjamin S. Cheng, Agnes Francis, Janice Penney, Armin H. Reitmair, Tak W. Mak, and Frank R. Jirik
p21WAF-1 reorganizes the nucleus in tumor suppression 1131-1135 Gustavo Linares-Cruz, Heriberto Bruzzoni-Giovanelli, Veronique Alvaro, Jean-Pierre Roperch, Marcel Tuynder, Damien Schoevaert, Mona Nemani, Sylvie Prieur, Florence Lethrosne, Laurence Piouffre, Val6rie Reclar, Annick Faille, Daniele Chassoux, Jean Dausset, Robert B. Amson, Fabien Calvo, and Adam Telerman
Targeted disruption of mouse centromere protein C 1136-1141 gene leads to mitotic disarray and early embryo death
Paul Kalitsis, Kerry J. Fowler, Elizabeth Earle, Joanne Hill, and K. H. Andy Choo
Marrow stromal cells as a source of progenitor cells 1142-1147 for nonhematopoietic tissues in transgenic mice with a phenotype of osteogenesis imperfecta
Ruth F. Pereira, Michael D. O'Hara, Alexey V. Laptev, Kenneth W. Halford, Marea D. Pollard, Reiner Class, Daniela Simon, Kristin Livezey, and Darwin J. Prockop
Nramp2 is mutated in the anemic Belgrade (b) rat: 1148-1153 Evidence of a role for Nramp2 in endosomal iron transport
Mark D. Fleming, Michelle A. Romano, Maureen A. Su, Laura M. Garrick, Michael D. Garrick, and Nancy C. Andrews
IMMUNOLOGY
Kinetics of CD4+ T cell repopulation of lymphoid 1154-1159 tissues after treatment of HIV-1 infection
Zhi-Qiang Zhang, Daan W. Notermans, Gerald Sedgewick, Winston Cavert, Stephen Wietgrefe, Mary Zupancic, Kristin Gebhard, Keith Henry, Lawrence Boies, Zongming Chen, Marc Jenkins, Roger Mills, Hugh McDade, Carolyn Goodwin, Caspar M. Schuwirth, Sven A. Danner, and Ashley T. Haase
Interferon y-producing y6 T cell-dependent antibody 1160-1165 isotype switching in the absence of germinal center formation during virus infection
Kevin J. Maloy, Bernhard Odermatt, Hans Hengartner, and Rolf M. Zinkernagel
The antigen-binding characteristics of mAbs derived 1166-1171 from in vivo priming of avian B cells
Nancy Michael, Mary Ann Accavitti, Emma Masteller, and Craig B. Thompson
HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors in human T 1172-1177 lymphocytes: Interleukin 15-induced expression of CD94/NKG2A in superantigen- or alloantigen-activated CD8+ T cells
Maria Cristina Mingari, Marco Ponte, Stefania Bertone, Francesca Schiavetti, Chiara Vitale, Rosa Bellomo, Alessandro Moretta, and Lorenzo Moretta
Induction of antigen-specific T cell anergy: An early 1178-1183 event in the course of tumor progression
Kevin Staveley-O'Carroll, Eduardo Sotomayor, Jami Montgomery, Ivan Borrello, Leon Hwang, Steve Fein, Drew Pardoll, and Hyam Levitsky
MEDICAL SCIENCES
Analysis of the S3 and S3' subsite specificities of 939-944 feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) protease: Development of a broad-based protease inhibitor efficacious against FIV, SIV, and HIV in vitro and ex vivo
Taekyu Lee, Gary S. Laco, Bruce E. Torbett, Howard S. Fox, Danica L. Lerner, John H. Elder, and Chi-Huey Wong
Human erythropoietin dimers with markedly 1184-1188 enhanced in vivo activity
Arthur J. Sytkowski, Elizabeth Dotimas Lunn, Kerry Lynn Davis, Laurie Feldman, and Suvia Siekman
Inhibition of HPV-16 E6/E7 immortalization of 1189-1194 normal keratinocytes by hairpin ribozymes
Luis M. Alvarez-Salas, Amy E. Cullinan, Andrew Siwkowski, Arnold Hampel, and Joseph A. DiPaolo
Hematopoietic stem cell deficiencies in mice lacking 1195-1200 c-Mpl, the receptor for thrombopoietin
Shinya Kimura, Andrew W. Roberts, Donald Metcalf, and Warren S. Alexander
Enhanced T cell engraftment after retroviral delivery 1201-1206 of an antiviral gene in HIV-infected individuals
Udaykumar Ranga, Clive Woffendin, Sunita Verma, Ling Xu, Carl H. June, D. Keith Bishop, and Gary J. Nabel
Constitutive achlorhydria in mucolipidosis type IV 1207-1212 Raphael Schiffmann, Nancy K. Dwyer, Irina A. Lubensky, Maria Tsokos, Vincent E. Sutliff, John S. Latimer, Karen P. Frei, Roscoe 0. Brady, Norman W. Barton, E. Joan Blanchette-Mackie, and Ehud Goldin
Fas ligand gene transfer to the vessel wall inhibits 1213-1217 neointima formation and overrides the adenovirus-mediated T cell response
Masataka Sata, Harris Perlman, Daniel A. Muruve, Marcy Silver, Mitsuo Ikebe, Towia A. Libermann, Peter Oettgen, and Kenneth Walsh
Basic fibroblast growth factor induces cell migration 1218-1223 and proliferation after glia-specific gene transfer in mice
Eric C. Holland and Harold E. Varmus
MICROBIOLOGY
PCR analysis of tissue samples from the 1979 1224-1229 Sverdlovsk anthrax victims: The presence of multiple Bacillus anthracis strains in different victims
Paul J. Jackson, Martin E. Hugh-Jones, Debra M. Adair, Gertrude Green, Karen K. Hill, Cheryl R. Kuske, Lev M. Grinberg, Faina A. Abramova, and Paul Keim
A family of chimeric erythrocyte binding proteins of 1230-1235 malaria parasites
Stefan H. I. Kappe, Amy R. Noe, Tresa S. Fraser, Peter L. Blair, and John H. Adams
The Arthromitus stage of Bacillus cereus: Intestinal 1236-1241 symbionts of animals
Lynn Margulis, Jeremy Z. Jorgensen, Sona Dolan, Rita Kolchinsky, Frederick A. Rainey, and Shyh-Ching Lo
vi
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Contents
NEUROBIOLOGY
Changes in cell-cycle kinetics during the development 1242-1246 and evolution of primate neocortex
David R. Kornack and Pasko Rakic
Increased amyloidogenic secretion in cerebellar 1247-1252 granule cells undergoing apoptosis
Cinzia Galli, Alessandra Piccini, Maria Teresa Ciotti, Loriana Castellani, Pietro Calissano, Damiano Zaccheo, and Massimo Tabaton
Insulin-like growth factor I restores motor 1253-1258 coordination in a rat model of cerebellar ataxia
A. M. Fernandez, A. Gonzalez de la Vega, and I. Torres-Aleman
Fine structure of neural spiking and synchronization 1259-1264 in the presence of conduction delays
G. B. Ermentrout and N. Kopell
Improvement of neurological deficits in 1265-1270 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats after transplantation with allogeneic simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene-induced immortalized dopamine cells
Edward D. Clarkson, Francisco G. La Rosa, Judith Edwards-Prasad, David A. Weiland, Samir E. Witta, Curt R. Freed, and Kedar N. Prasad
A null mutation in the photoreceptor guanylate 1271-1276 cyclase gene causes the retinal degeneration chicken phenotype
Susan L. Semple-Rowland, Nancy R. Lee, J. Preston Van Hooser, Krzysztof Palczewski, and Wolfgang Baehr
Individual variation in neuron number predicts 1277-1282 differences in the propensity for avian vocal imitation
B. C. Ward, E. J. Nordeen, and K. W. Nordeen
Readily releasable pool size changes associated with 1283-1288 long term depression
Yukiko Goda and Charles F. Stevens
Identification of a neuregulin and protein-tyrosine 1289-1294 phosphatase response element in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor s subunit gene: Regulatory role of an Ets transcription factor
Mohan K. Sapru, Sharon K. Florance, Cassandra Kirk, and Daniel Goldman
Expression and regulation of GFRa3, a glial cell 1295-1300 line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor
Philippe Naveilhan, Christel Baudet, Asa Mikaels, Liya Shen, Heiner Westphal, and Patrik Ernfors
PHARMACOLOGY
Aminoguanidine prevents age-related arterial 1301-1306 stiffening and cardiac hypertrophy
Bruno Corman, Micheline Duriez, Pierre Poitevin, Didier Heudes, Patrick Bruneval, Alain Tedgui, and Bernard I. Levy
PHYSIOLOGY
Activation of the atrial KACh channel by the /3y 1307-1312 subunits of G proteins or intracellular Na+ ions depends on the presence of phosphatidylinositol phosphates
Jin Liang Sui, J6r6me Petit-Jacques, and Diomedes E. Logothetis
13C/31P NMR studies of glucose transport in 1313-1318 human skeletal muscle
Ronan Roussel, Pierre G. Carlier, Jean-Jacques Robert, Gilberto Velho, and Gilles Bloch
PLANT BIOLOGY
The plastid ndh genes code for an NADH-specific 1319-1324 dehydrogenase: Isolation of a complex I analogue from pea thylakoid membranes
Leonid A. Sazanov, Paul A. Burrows, and Peter J. Nixon
Homology and functional similarity of an hrp-linked 1325-1330 pathogenicity locus, dspEF, of Erwinia amylovora and the avirulence locus avrE of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato
Adam J. Bogdanove, Jihyun F. Kim, Zhongmin Wei, Peter Kolchinsky, Amy 0. Charkowski, Alison K. Conlin, Alan Collmer, and Steven V. Beer
POPULATION BIOLOGY
mtDNA recombination in a natural population 1331-1335 Barry J. Saville, Yatika Kohli, and James B. Anderson
Social Sciences
ANTHROPOLOGY
Grandmothering, menopause, and the evolution of 1336-1339 human life histories
K. Hawkes, J. F. O'Connell, N. G. Blurton Jones, H. Alvarez, and E. L. Charnov
ECONOMIC SCIENCES
Fifteen fatal fallacies of financial fundamentalism: 1340-1347 A disquisition on demand-side economics
William Vickrey
AUTHOR INDEX ix-x
INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS xi-xiii
SIZING WORKSHEET xv
SUBSCRIPTION FORM xvi
COPYRIGHT ASSIGNMENT FORM xvii
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENT xix
vii
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