Front Matter

Front MatterSource: Operations Research, Vol. 10, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1962), pp. i-xiiPublished by: INFORMSStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/167881 .

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OPERATIONS

The Journal of the Operations Research Society of America

September-October, 1962 VOLUME 10, NUMBER 5

-' Pages 591-743

PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY BY THE

OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY OF AMERICA



OPERATIONS RESEARCH

The Journal of the Operations Research Society of America

EDITOR THOMAs E. CAYWOOD

Peat, Marwick, Caywood, Schiller & Co. 203 N. Wabash Ave., Chicago 1, fli.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

RUSSELL L. ACKOFF, Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio WILLIAM W. COOPER, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania GEORGE B. DANTZIG, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California WALTER L. DEEMER, Operations Analysis Office, Hq., U.S.A.F., Washington, D. C. ROBERT DORFMAN, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts CHARLES GOODEVE, British Iron & Steel Research Assn., London WI, England JOSEPH 0. HARRISON, JR., Research Analysis Corporation, Bethesda, Maryland G. RONALD HERD, Booz, Allen Applied Research, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland ROBERT HERMAN, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, Michigan DAVID B. HERTZ, McKinsey and Company, Inc., New York, New York WILLIAM J. HORVATH, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan JOHN F. MAGEE, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts JOSEPH F. MCCLOSKEY, North American Aviation, Inc., El Segundo, California THORNTON PAGE, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut E. W. PAXSON, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California WILLIAM J. PLATT, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California PAUL RANDOLPH, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana THOMAS L. SAATY, Office of Naval Research, Washington, D. C. ANDREW SCHULTZ, JR., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York GEORGE SHORTLEY, Booz, Allen Applied Research, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland JACINTO STEINHARDT, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. R. M. THRALL, Editor, Management Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan ROBERT S. WEINBERG, International Business Machines Corp., New York, N. Y. PETER B. WILSON, Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Quebec

MANUSCRIPTS of papers and Letters to the Editor should be submitted to the Editor or to one of the Associate Editors. Submission of a manuscript is considered to be a representation that it has been neither copyrighted nor published, that it is not being submitted for publication elsewhere, and that, if the work re- sults from a military contract, it has been released for open publication. Material for the Analyst's Bookshelf should be submitted to JOSEPH F. MCCLOSKEY, Analyst's Bookshelf Editor, North American Aviation, Inc., 1700 East Imperial Highway, El Segundo, California. Announcements should be sent to the Editor.

MANAGING EDrrOR AND ADTISING MANAGE

CHARLES P. CHADSEY Research Analysis Corporation

6935 Arlington Road, Bethesda 14, Maryland

? 1962 by the Operations Research Society of America. Published bimonthly by the Operations Research Society of America at Mount

Royal and Guilford Avenues, Baltimore 2, Maryland. Second-class postage paid at the Post Office at Baltimore, Maryland. Subscriptions and orders for back issues should be addressed to the Business Manager,

NORVELL E. MILLER, III, Mount Royal and Guilford Aves., Baltimore 2, Md. Subscription Rate: $10.00 per volume (outside U. S. and Canada, $7.50 per volume).

Back volumes through 1959, $9.00. Single copies of back issues through 1959, $1.50; 1960, $2.00 per issue.

Reprints of individual articles are not available from the SOCIETY.



HAnnouncrng:

FOUR OUTSTANDING and REWARI

POSITIONS in WEAPONS SYSTEMS AN

Honeywell has four unusual opportunities for

operations research engineers and scientists

who desire to orient their careers toward

feasibility and compatibility analysis in an

advanced weapons systems design and devel-

opment engineering organization.

The Ordnance Division in suburban Minne- apolis offers the following positions:

* OPERATIONS ANALYSIS, EcONOMIST- BS or MS degree in economics or equivalent required to perform cost and economic analyses associated with the evaluation of military systems and sub- systems. Capability required in (1) economic comparisons of designs and operational concepts, (2) cost-effectiveness evaluations of systems concepts and (3) studies of political, strategic and economic environments pertinent to weapons systems, intelligence systems, and communications systems. Working knowledge of statistical techniques required. Minimum of four years experience required. * OPERATIONS ANALYSIS MATHEMATI- CIAN-MS or PhD, Mathematics required to work on the mathematical aspects of weapons systems analyses including systems and component lethality evaluations, optimization studies, and feasibility studies. Capability required in statistics and probability theory. Capa-

bility desired in mathematical techniques associated with operations research. Ex- perience desired but not mandatory. * WEAPONS SYSTEMS ANALYST-BS, MS, PhD, ME, EE, or physics required to work on weapons systems and component lethality evaluations optimization studies, feasibility studies, and concept syntheses. Minimum of two years experience required. * HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEER-BS, MS, Psychology or equivalent and BS, engi-- neering, required to (1) conduct human factors systems analyses involving studies of man-machine relationships and interactions, (2) layout man-machine interface specifications and (3) provide human factors design data. Capability required to conduct studies in human factors problem areas associated with weapons systems such as mission analysis, information requirements, control information processing ability of personnel, function allocation, and task analysis. Minimum of four years experience required.

If your experience qualifies you for one of the four positions listed, please call WE 5-5155, col- lect, or write us indicating your specific experience and present salary level.

W. 0. Craven, Professional Manpower Staff Minneapolis-Honeywell Ordnance Division 600 North Second Street Hopkins, (Mpls.) Minnesota.

Honeywell

An Eqqual Opportunity Employer

To explore professional opportunities in oller Honeywell locations, coast to coast, send your application in confidence to Honeywell, Attention: H. 0. Eckstrom, Minneapolis 8, Minnesota.



CHALLENGING RESEARCH POSITIONS

on the Beautiful

Southern California Coast

. OPERATIONS

RESEARCH ANALYST To study such stimulating problems as (1) Atomic Defense Engineering for rede- sign of Naval Shore Establishments, (2) Amphibious Operations in a limited or full-scale war involving the debarking of personnel and the unloading and loading of cargo from surface and sub-surface craft, and (3) to serve as the senior member of operations research test groups. Starting salary $10,635, with "extra" benefits worth up to $2,550.

MATHEMATICIAN Will analyze and interpret experimental data and monte carlo calculations on radiation shielding problems. Position will involve computer operations, as well as giving advice to mechanical and civil engineers. Starting salary $8,340, plus "extra" benefits worth up to $2,035.

0

These challenging positions with NCEL, the research and evaluation arm of the Navy's Bureau of Yards and Docks, also offer these definite employment ad- vantages:

* Career in Civil Service * Creative scientific and intellectual

climate * Regular salary increases * Opportunities for free educational

advancement 0 Annual leave up to 26 days; sick

leave to 13 days *Year-around outdoor living * Easy, rapid access to metropolitan

centers, mountains, desert, beaches

If qualifications and interests apply, submit education and experience resume, or contact Commanding Officer and Director.

U. S. NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

DepartmentL H PORT HUENEME, CALIFORNIA

PETROLEUM OPERATIONS

RESEARCH Is Your company too big?

Too small?

We have openings at our home office in Southern California for persons interested in using mod- ern techniques in planning, petroleum production, petroleum refinery simulation, gasoline blending, statistical analysis, market analysis, new venture evaluation, etc.

Desire practical, problem-oriented person who prefers to complete assignments on his own. Our goal is maximizing profits. Familiarity with some field of the petroleum or petrochemical industry helpful.

An advanced Linear Program- ming system, Critical Path Plan- ning Program and other systems are available at our on-premise computer center.

Please forward complete resume including salary requirements to:

Box 6201

OPERA TIONS RESEARCH

Mt. Royal and Guilford Avenues

Baltimore 2, Maryland

ii



*

: The OPTIMS{tUMJl MIX...: *

For those analysts interested in pursuing a balanced program of professional development-

Peat, Marwick, Caywood, Schiller & Co.'s cur- rent studies are divided almost equally between industrial and military Operations Research. Each member of our staff has the opportunity to parti- cipate in both areas.

Resumes will be welcomed from experienced personnel with advanced degrees in mathematics, physical sciences, engineering and economics.

Address resumes to:

PEAT, MARWICK, CAYWOOD, SCHILLER & CO.

203 North Wabash Avenue

Chicago 1, Illinois

Ptps

An equal opportunity employer.

iii



BOOKS

OPERATIONS RESEARCH/ MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

International Literature Digest Service-Issued Monthly Edited by ROBERT S. TITCHEN, M.I.T.; and ARNOLD J. ROSENTHAL, Celanese

Corporation of America. Here is a single source for rapid, world-wide cov- erage of the literature of operations research and management science. It provides digests of papers appearing in more than 400 American and foreign periodicals, and covers the contributions made in the transactions of scientific meetings held in the United States and abroad. The digests are prepared by a group of over ioo reviewers; they are lengthy and include original data, graphs, etc. so that there is usually no need to refer to the original. The classification code and the convenient loose-leaf for- mat permit easy filing and instantaneous retrieval of information. Subscription rate for I962.- $75.

For sample copies write to:

INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS a division of JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc.

440 Park Avenue South New York 16, N.Y.

STANFORD RESEARCHE INlSTTUT

Has Openings in Challenging

Professional Positions fora Opehrations Analysts

To conduct analyses of ff

weapons systems aleronnwith degreeseon

air defense systemsoic,mhmail hycl,e

mobilization problems abasckoldeo prbabltyn

10 civil defense problems periencei in opraton esach

10 industrial operations research Pojet ar aidad rfsin

data processing applications alcaln.gin,ofrt. xeln

Write to cmeec n ra xeine PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT MANAGER Grduate studypotnten

STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE -profsina soiain reaal MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIAaNiter.

An equal opportunity employer

iv



TECHNEWS

For Scientists, Mathematicians Operations Evaluation Group

One of our analysts has returned from field assignment with the fleet and told us a significant improvement re- sulted when one of his recommendations was put into practice during fleet maneuvers. OEG's field activities, % assigned on a rotational basis, represent unique travel opportunities for scientists and mathematicians. There are OEG men with the fleet in the Mediterranean, the v Far East, Hawaii, Key West, Norfolk, and San Diego, and field representatives in Newport, R. 1. and London, England.

OEG's technical management has been transferred to the Franklin Institute. We will operate as a part of the new Center of Naval Analyses, in a role that promises to be broader than our former one. Having just celebrated its 20th anniversary of work for the U. S. Navy, OEG looks forward to an even more productive future.

0

"For 20 years, the Navy has consistently been the first of the services to foresee the opportunities for operations research and the requirements on its part to assure its success"-Dr. Jacinto Steinhardt, OEG director, at the OEG Vicennial conference.

OEG provides scientific analysis in diverse problem areas of Naval operations, including nuclear warfare, air, submarine, and anti-submarine warfare, logistics, and strategic planning. OEG's present expansion has created a need for scientists, mathematicians, economists, and engineers with advanced degrees to fill career positions whose potential is as outstanding as their challenge. Imaginative, enterprising scientists thrive on the complex problem-solving they do at OEG . . . assignments that often involve important contributions to our national purpose. The positions are well paid and carry comprehensive peripheral benefits. Please send your resume to Dr. Frank Bothwell, Chief Scientist, Center of Naval Analyses.

OE:G CENTER OF NAVAL ANALYSES

Arlington Towers, Arlington 9, Virginia An equal opportunity employer

V



UNIVERSITY PRESS

Flows in Networks By L. R. Ford, Jr., and D. R. Fulkerson

An exposition of the maximal network flow approach to problems in the study of transportation or communication networks, this book, primarily a work in applied mathematics, includes topics that are purely mathematically motivated together with those strictly utilitarian in concept. A RAND Corporation Research Study.

210 pages. $6.00

Linear Programmiing and Extensions By George B. Dantzig

The author of this book, who is credited with being the originator of the field, includes a first-hand account of its early history as he presents the conceptual framework of linear programming. Out of ideas and methods, he accumulatively develops and demonstrates the techniques which have led to the most recent de- velopments. A RAND Corporation Research Study. 672 pages. $11.50

Guide to Tables in Mathematieal Statistics By J. Arthur Greenwood and H. 0. Hartley

This Guide catalogues a large selection of tables belonging to the field of mathematical statistics, the bulk of which were originally issued between 1900 and 1954. Some of the tables relate to works as early as 1799 and as late as 1960. As well as filling a need for those actively engaged in the computational side of mathematical statistics, this work offers valuable reference to the professional computer faced with a statistical problem and to the statistician called upon to compute.

930 pages. $8.50

Order from your books tore, or

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS

Princeton, New Jersey

vi



OPERATIONS ANALYSTS * MATHEMATICIANS * WEAPONS COST ANALYSTS

Join Republic in Giving a New Direction to Aerospace Technology thru

sysliem anelysis Intensifying research and development in several vital areas including advanced space, missile and aircraft weapon systems present skilled analysts at Republic

with unparalleled diversity of technical challenges. The Weapon System Analysis

Group evaluates, compares and establishes requirements for next-generation weapons in all flight regimes.

To implement these studies the most sophisticated and integrated research complex in the East is available ... Republic's Paul Moore Research and Develop- ment Center. Other resources include a centralized Computer Division with IBM 7090 and ancillary 1401 computers as well as a 70,000 volume technical library.

Mathematicians and analysts with all levels of experience who wish to contribute to the new direction Republic is imparting to aerospace technology should write in confidence to:

Mr. George R. Hickman Technical Employment Manager, Dept. 30 J

REPUBLIC AVIATION CORPORATION

FARMINGDALE, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK An Equal Opportunity Employer

vii.



Operations Research

The growing Operations Research Program at NCR has pro- vided lasting opportunities for graduate level personnel in areas of work spanning the complete corporate program. These operations include:

* Long range planning for all phases of corporate activity * Guide lines for future products research * Operational specifications for computer based systems

of the future.

Persons with a Ph.D. in any appropriate field or equivalent education are invited to explore the outstanding opportunity this presents. Versatility and ability to handle complex non-orthodox problems is desirable. Graduate training in operations research, physics, engineering, mathematics, or economics is preferred. Experience in the analytical techniques of abstract model development is necessary. To pursue the matter of your future further, write now including a complete description of your preparation to date. All qualified applicants will be considered regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin. Direct replies to:

T. F. Wade, Technical Placement The National Cash Register Company South Main & K Streets, Dayton 9, Ohio

NCR PROVIDES TOTAL SYSTEMS - FROM ORIGINAL ENTRY TO FINAL REPORT- THROUGH ACCOUNTING MACHINES, CASH REGISTERS OR ADDING MACHINES, AND DATA PROCESSING

The National Cash Register Co. . 1,039 offices in 121 countries . 78 years of helping business save money

viii



AT N I The accent is on thought ... on providing an excel- 0* * * I 'J lent scientific environment for work and exchange of ideas (as befits an organization controlled and directed by scientists).

The result: productive effort. ORI has doubled its business volume every year since 1956 and the expansion goes on unabated. Consequently, we have unusual opportunities for engineers and scientists interested in analyzing operational and executive decision problems in astronautics, missile systems, undersea and surface warfare, and industrial transportation systems.

You will deal with top level technical and management personnel . . . you will work on critical national problems .. . your financial rewards will reflect the importance of your work and are worthy of your attention.

Write: Harvey Kushner, Director, Physical Systems Division

OPERATIONS RESEARCH INCORPORATED 8605 CAMERON STREET, SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND (RESIDENTIAL SUBURB OF WASHINGTON, D.C.) * AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER

1X

ix



HERBERT HALBRECHT ASSOCIATES, INC. Management Counsel * Executive Recruitment

332 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUE CHICAGO 4, ILL. HARRISON 7-2876

CHICAGO 0 LOS ANGELES 0 NEW YORK

Specialists in recruitment and

placement at all levels . . . .

nationally . . . . in the fields of

OPERATIONS RESEARCH

THE MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

We welcome the opportunity of reviewing the resume of any professional who is serious in his intent to make a change. All inquiries are treated confidentially.

We will send to all respondents a list of specific employment opportunities we are currently seeking to fill throughout the United States.

Also, we will furnish to him a position appraisal form which he will find helpful in objectively evaluating the various employment opportunities that are referred to him.

All of the firms with which we work pay our charges and in no case does any applicant have any financial obligation to Halbrecht Associates, Incorporated.

x



TECHNOLOGICAL PLANNING WEAPONS SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

Expansion Of Our Monterey Laboratory Offers Exceptional Opportunities For Experienced Analysts To Lead And Con-

tribute To Programs Involving:

* Analysis of broad military missions and organizations to determine the operational requirements of supporting hardware systems of the future.

* System performance and cost effectiveness studies of the integration of major sub-systems into overall weapon systems.

POSITIONS AT ALL LEVELS are available for professionals with specific experience in long-range planning or weapons systems analysis, along with a back- ground in physics, mathematics, statistics or engineering.

WE ARE LOCATED on the beautiful Monterey Peninsula-one of the most desirable living and working areas in the West. 100 miles south of San Francisco, Monterey enjoys a temperate, smog-free climate year around.

For further information, please submit professional resume in confidence to:

Mr. W. E. Daly

1 | LFE ELECTRONICS A DIVISION OF LABORATORY FOR ELECTRONICS, INC.

305 WEBSTER STREET MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

An Equal Opportunity Employer

xi



Operations Research Society of America 1962-1963

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

HUGH J. MISER, President ALEXANDER M. MOOD, Vice-President The MITRE Corporation C-E-I-R, Inc. Box 208 9171 Wilshire Boulevard Bedford, Mass. Beverly Hills, California

GORDON D. SHELLARD, Secretary JOHN E. WALSH, Treasurer New York Life Insurance Co. System Development Corporation 51 Madison Avenue 2500 Colorado Avenue New York 10, N. Y. Santa Monica, California

COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY 1961-63 Past President, MARTIN L. ERNST, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 35 Acorn Park,

Cambridge 40, Massachusetts 1962-64 Past President, MERRILL M. FLOOD, Mental Health Research Institute, Uni-

versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

1960-63 GEORGE E. KIMBALL GEORGE SHORTLEY Arthur D. Little, Inc. Booz-Allen Applied Research Inc., 35 Acorn Park 4815 Rugby Avenue Cambridge 40, Massachusetts Bethesda 14, Maryland

1961-64 C. WEST CHURCHMAN EDWIN W. PAXSON School of Business Admin. The Rand Corporation University of California 1700 Main Street Berkeley 4, California Santa Monica, California

1962-65 ROGER R. CRANE ANDREW W. MARSHALL Touche, Ross, Bailey & Smart The Rand Corporation 80 Pine Street 1700 Main Street New York 5, New York Santa Monica, California

CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEES Membership Committee Education Committee

LESLIE C. EDIE GIFFORD H. SYMONDS Port of New York Authority Case Institute of Technology 111 Eighth Avenue University Circle New York 11, N. Y. Cleveland 6, Ohio

Publications Committee Nominating Committee ROBERT E. MACHOL PAUL D. BIRKHAHN

Conductron Corporation The Atlantic Refining Company 343 S. Main Street 260 South Broad Street Ann Arbor, Michigan Philadelphia 1, Pennsylvania

CHAIRMEN OF OTHER COMMITTEES Lanchester Prize Committee Representative to IFORS

MARTIN L. ERNST MARTIN L. ERNST

National Problems Committee Representative to the NRC WILLIAM PLATT GEORGE SHORTLEY

Sections Committee Representatives to the AAAS LoUIS P. CLARK GLEN D. CAMP

ROBERT DORFMAN

Meetings Committee PAUL STILLSON Stillson Assoc.

8445 Tobias Rd. Panorama City, Calif.



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