Front MatterSource: Operations Research, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1979), pp. i-viPublished by: INFORMSStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/170283 .

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OperatIons O?a3rr

Volume 27 Number4 july-August1979

I JL .Operational Science

Methodologs I

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Operations Research

Volume 27 Number 4 July-August 1979 (ISSN 0030-364x)

EDITOR William P. Pierskalla, 2 Denford Drive, Newtown Square, Pa. 19073

AREA EDITORS Allocation, Distribution, Production and Scheduling: Linus E. Schrage, Grad-

uate School of Business, University of Chicago, 5836 S. Greenwood Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60637

Computational Structures and Techniques: Richard E. Nance, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va. 24061

Energy and Environment: William Hogan, John F. Kennedy School of Govern- ment, 79 Boylston St., Room 118, Cambridge, Mass. 02138

Health Care and Welfare: Richard H. Shachtman, Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514

Marketing: Glen L. Urban, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139

Operations Management and Other Private Sector Applications: Arnoldo Hax, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam- bridge, Mass. 02139.

Optimization: George L. Nemhauser, School of Operations Research and In- dustrial Engineering, Upson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853

Social Sciences, Defense, Criminal Justice and Other Public Sector Applica- tions: Stephen M. Pollock, Department of Industrial and Operations Engi- neering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109

Stochastic Processes and Their Applications: Daniel P. Heyman, Bell Labora- tories, Building WB Room 1 G31 1, Holmdel, N.J. 07733

Editorial Assistant Carol S. Pierskalla, 2 Denford Drive, Newtown Square, Pa. 19073

ASSOCIATE EDITORS L. Bruce Anderson Richard L. Francis Frederic H. Murphy Egon Balas Robert S. Garfinkel Evan L. Porteus Robert Blattberg Harvey Greenberg H. Donald Ratliff Lawrence Bodin Carl Harris Richard G. Richels Stephen P. Bradley David S. P. Hopkins Alexander H. G. Rinnooy Kan W. Peter Cherry Peter J. Kolesar Stephen M. Robinson Darrall Peter Clark Averill Law Robert Rosenthal Joseph G. Ecker Jan Karel Lenstra Michael H. Rothkopf Mark J. Eisner Jon C. Liebman Paul Schweitzer Hamilton Emmons Leonard M. Lodish Richard F. Serfozo Gary D. Eppen Thomas L. Magnanti C. M. Shetty Peter Farquhar Michael D. Maltz Shaler Stidham Bennett L. Fox William L. Maxwell David Zalkind

Copyright ? 1979 by the Operations Research Society of America. Published six times a year in February, April, June, August, October, and December by the Operations

Research Society of America at 428 East Preston Street, Baltimore, MD 21 202. Second-class postage paid at Baltimore, MD 21 202, and at additional mailing offices. ISSN 0030-364X.

Composed and Printed by Waverly Press Inc., Baltimore, MD 21 202

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Operations Research

EDITORIAL POLICY

Operations Research publishes quality operations research and management science work of interest to the OR practitioner and researcher in the three substantive categories: operations research methods, data based operational sci- ence, and the practice of OR. Included are papers reporting underlying data based principles of operational science, observations of operating systems, contributions to the methods and models of OR, case histories of applications, review articles, and discussions of aspects of such subjects as the administrative environment, the history, policy, practice, future, or arenas of application of operations research.

Papers on transportation are generally published in the ORSA publication, Transportation Science. Papers whose main contribution is to the underlying mathematics are more appropriate for the joint ORSA/TIMS publication, Math- ematics of Operations Research.

Complete studies that contain data, computer experiments, etc., and integrate the theory, methods, and applications are of particular interest. Thus, we encour- age case studies of lasting value. However, contributors should submit informal descriptions of cases to the joint ORSA/TIMS publication Interfaces.

A "Technical Notes" section contains brief articles on all of the topics men- tioned above. Commentary appears,in a "Letters to the Editor" section.

All papers published in Operations Research are refereed. Initial refereeing of clear, concise, well-written papers normally takes about four months for papers of average length, but generally a shorter time for notes.

Decisions on manuscripts for publication in Operations Research will be based, in part, on the answers to such questions as: Does this paper make a new and substantial contribution to the literature of operations research? Will it be of interest to a significant group of OR workers? Does the paper give sufficient introductory and summary material to inform readers of the content, importance, and possible fields of application of the material covered? It is clearly, concisely, accurately and logically written? Could it benefit from condensation or expansion? Is its character clear from title, abstract and text? Does the paper describe its relations to previously published work, and does it give adequate credit and references to this work?

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Authors should submit four copies of manuscripts directly to the appropriate Area Editor. Papers that are not in the fields covered by the Area Editors should be sent to the Editor, William P. Pierskalla,.2 Denford Drive, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073. Papers should not be sent to the Associate Editors.

Submission of a manuscript is a representation that the paper has been neither published nor submitted for publication elsewhere, and that, if the work is officially sponsored, it has been released for open publication. The manuscript should be accompanied by a Copyright Transfer Agreement from the authors (or their employers-whoever holds the copyright) transferring the copyright to ORSA. The form for this agreement is printed in the January-February issue of this journal and is also available from the Editor and the Business Manager. This

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written transfer of copyright, which previously was assumed to be implicit in the act of submitting a manuscript, is necessary under the 1978 U.S. Copyright Law in order for ORSA to continue disseminating operations research results as widely as possible. Copies of a manuscript will not be returned to an author unless he makes a specific request, or unless reviewers have provided annotations that will be of use to him.

Observe the following points in preparing manuscripts (those not conforming closely to these instructions will be returned to their authors for appropriate revisions):

1. Readability. The abstract and the introduction of every paper must be free of unnecessary jargon and clearly readable by any ORSA member. The abstract should be self-contained, summarize the problem, principal results and conclusions; it should not contain formulas or references nor exceed 200 words. The introduction must clearly state the problem, the results to be found in the paper and their significance to the operations research community. The introduc- tion does not have a section heading. The main sections of the paper must be readable, the level of mathematics and/or terminology appropriate to the topic, and the material logically presented.

2. Style. Your paper's message will be enhanced if it is presented in active, forceful, and concise prose. Since good writing is a craft at least as difficult as doing operations research, before beginning your paper you will be well advised to refresh your recollection of some of the most important points of good style to remember by spending some time with a source of good editorial advice, such as Donald H. Menzel, Howard Mumford Jones, and Lyle G. Boyd, Writing a Technical Paper, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961. While the Editor and his staff will correct the minor lapses from good style in your manuscript, they cannot undertake wholesale revisions of poorly written papers. It is a good idea to run your manuscript through more than one draft, and to have an early one reviewed by someone who can give you effective advice on style. There is no a priori limit to the number of pages for a paper; however, conciseness and clarity of presen- tation should be stressed.

3. Spacing and format. Double-space manuscripts throughout (including the abstract, subsidiary matter and references) with the original in typewritten form. Put subsidiary matter on separate sheets (see Figures and Tables). The introduc- tion does not have a section heading; begin numbering with the main sections.

4. Footnotes. Operations Research does not use footnotes; incorporate sub- sidiary material that would otherwise appear in footnotes in the main text (possibly in parentheses or brackets), or place it in a section at the end of the text. In particular, place the usual acknowledgments of presentation, support, and assistance in such a final section.

5. References. List only those references that are cited in the text. References in the text should be indicated by bracketed numbers, e.g., [3]. The first citing should give the author's last name, e.g., Kolesar [3]. At the end of the paper list references alphabetically by the surname of the first author and number them consecutively. For journal references, give at least author, title, journal name, volume, pages, and year; for book references, give at least author, title, publisher, city, state, and year; for example:

1. P. KOLESAR AND W. E. WALKER, "An Algorithm for the Dynamic Relo- cation of Fire Companies," Opns. Res. 22, 249-274 (1974).

2. PHILIP M. MORSE AND GEORGE E. KIMBALL, Methods of Operations Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1951.

6. Mathematical expressions. Use the solidus whenever possible in prefer-

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a ence to built-up fractions, e.g., /(1 - b) rather than b write complicated

exponentials in the form exp ();avoid subscripts or superscripts on subscripts or superscripts; and, in general, minimize unusual typographical requirements. Make subscripts and superscripts large and clear. On first occurrence label unusual or ambiguous symbols; for example, distinguish the letter "oh" from the numeral "zero." The difference b@tween upper and lower case letters should be clear. Display only those mathematical expressions that must be numbered for later reference or need to be emphasized. Put numbers at the right of the mathematical expressions.

7. Figures and tables. Draw figures in black ink on white paper in a form suitable for photographic reproduction. Make lettering of uniform size and suffi- ciently large to be legible when the figure is reduced to final size. Send originals of typed tables suitable for photographic reproduction. Designate figures by arabic numbers, designate tables by roman numerals, and type the legends for the figures and tables on a single separate sheet rather than placing them on the originals. Please proofread carefully since later changes can be made only by submitting new originals.

8. Reporting computational experience. In reporting computational ex- perience on the efficiency of algorithms follow the guidelines given in Operations Research volume 27, number 1, entitled "Reporting Computational Experience in Operations Research." Copies of these guidelines may be obtained from the ORSA Business Manager, 428 East Preston Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA, or from the Editor, William P. Pierskalla, 2 Denford Drive, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073, USA.

9. Abstract and introduction. Preface each article with a self-contained abstract that summarizes the problem and the principal results and conclusions. The abstract should not contain formulas or references and should not exceed 200 words. The abstract and introductory material should be written in an expository style that will be comprehensible to readers who are not technical experts in the subject matter. The introduction does not have a section heading.

10. Reprints. Operations Research does not have page charges, nor does it supply free reprints. Authors of accepted articles may order reprints at reasonable rates at the time they submit their corrected galley proofs. Reprints of individual articles are not available from ORSA.

Announcements should be sent to the Editor of OR/MS Today, Armand Weiss, 6516 Truman Lane, Falls Church, VA 22043.

Books for review should be sent to the Book Review Editor, Dr. Timothy J. Lowe, Krannert School of Management, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.

Reproduction of Journal Articles 1. Permission is granted to quote from this Journal in scientific works with the customary

acknowledgment of the source. The reprinting of a figure, table or an excerpt requires the consent of one of the original authors and the notification of ORSA.

2. Reprinting of any article or a portion of an article beyond that permitted in Paragraph 1 requires written permission from the copyright holder (ORSA) and payment of an appropriate royalty. Reprinting requests should be directed to the ORSA Business Office and should contain the following details: author, title, volume number, year, intended purpose or use of the article (book, journal, abstract, anthology, etc.) and estimated sale price of the work. Permission must first be obtained from the author(s) and be submitted to the Business Office with the request.

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3. Libraries maintaining a "reserve list" are permitted to reproduce five copies of an article for this purpose. Additional copies are subject to the copying fee as covered in the 1978 U.S. copyright law as explained in the following paragraph.

4. On the first page of each article is a code line and a notation of a $1.25 fee, which indicates ORSA's consent that copies may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. A condition of this consent is that the copier must pay the per article fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., P. 0. Box 765, Schenectady, New York 12301. This consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for advertising or pronmotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale, which is covered in Paragraph 2 above.

Subscription Rate: Effective 1/1/79 $50.00 per volume $53.00 outside U.S. and Canada via Surface Mail. NOTE: Air Service available at $69.00 outside U.S. and Canada. Payable in advance in U.S.A. funds drawn on a U.S.A. Bank.

Subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittance should accompany order. Subscriptions, requests for membership information and application should be addressed to ORSA, 428 East Preston Street, Baltimore, MD 21202.

Claims of Non-receipt: Claims should be made within six months of publi- cation. Issues claimed after six months may be purchased as back issues.

Back Issues: Volumes 14 to date are available from ORSA at $9.00 per issue, payable in advance. Order Volumes 1-13 from Kraus-Thompson Reprint Com- pany, Route 100, Millwood, NY 10546.

Microfilm editions are available from the Microfilm Department, Waverly Press, Inc., 428 East Preston Street, Baltimore, MD 21202.

Microfiche editions are available from Johnson Associates, P.O. Box 1017, Greenwich, CT 06830.

Employment opportunities listed by United States employers or for employment in the United States guarantee equal employment opportunities regardless of race, creed, or sex. Advertisements by non-U.S. employers for work overseas do not carry such guarantees. Acceptance of such advertisements by this publication does not in any way imply agreement by ORSA with the policies or practices of employers who do not offer equal employment opportunities.

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1979-1980 Operations Research Society of America COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY EDITORS

OFFICERS OPERATIONS RESEARCH President: JOHN D. C. LITTLE WILLIAM P. PIERSKALLA, 2 Denford

Sloan School of Management, E53-350, Drive, Newtown Square, PA 19003, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (215) 243-5611 Cambridge, MA 02139, (617) 253-3738

Vice President: RoBERT HERMAN TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE Department of Civil Engineering, Cockrell Hall, University of Texas RICHARD W. ROTHERY, General Motors Austin, TX 78712 Research Laboratories, Transportation

Secretary: WILLIAM P. PIERSKALLA and Traffic Science, 12 Mile-Mound The Leonard Davis Institute of Health Roads, Warren, MI 48090, (313) 575- Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 2704 Colonial Penn Center, 3641 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, (215) PUBLICATIONS IN OPERATIONS RE- 243-5611 SEARCH (PORS)

Treasurer: PAUL H. RANDOLPH 122 East Dudley Avenue, Westfield, NJ SAUL I. GASS, College of Business and 07090, (201) 233-4835. Management, University of Maryland,

College Park, MD 20742, (301) 454-3842

INTERFACES*

PAST PRESIDENTS GENE D. WOOLSEY, Editor, Department of Mineral Economics, Colorado School

1977-80: SAUL I. Gass of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, (303) 279- College of Business and Management, 0300 x484 University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (301) 454-3842MAHMTCOFPE TIN RE 1978-81: ALFRED BLUMSTEIN MATHEMATICS OF OPERATIONS RE- School of Urban and Public Affairs, SEARCH* Carnegie-Mellon University, Pitts- ARTHUR F. VEINOTT, JR., Department of burgh, PA 15213, (412) 578-2176 Operations Research, Stanford Univer-

1979-82: SETH BONDER sity Stanford CA 94305 (415) 497-3576 Vector Research, Inc., P.O. Box 1506, , , Ann Arbor, MI 48106, (313) 973-9210 OR/MS TODAY*

ARMAND B. WEIss, 6516 Truman Lane, Falls Church, VA 22043, (703) 841-2802

MEMBERS

1977-80 * Joint Publications of the Operations Re- ALAN MANNE, Department of Operations search Society of America and The Institute

Research, Stanford University, Stan- of Management Sciences. ford, CA 94305, (415) 497-3576

MICHAEL THOMAS, School of Industrial BUSINESS MANAGER and Systems Engineering, Georgia In- JESSE L. TURNER, Operations Research stitute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Society of America, 428 East Preston 30332, (404) 894-2300 Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, (301) 528-

1978-81 4146 JOHN Y. BARRY, Basic Research Group,

J. P. Morgan and Co., Inc., 23 Wall Street, New York, NY 10015, (212) 483- 2612

RALPH L. DISNEY, Department of Indus- trial Engineering and Operations Re- SOCIETY OFFICES search, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA ORSA Circulation Office: Send member- 24061, (703) 951-6147 ship dues ($25.00), address changes, claims

1979-1982 of non-receipt and non-member subscrip- RALPH L. KEENEY, Woodward-Clyde tion orders to, 345 Whitney Avenue, New

Consultants, Suite 700, Two Embar- Haven CT 06511 (203) 865-3290 cadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111 ORSA Business Office: Send all other cor- (415) 956-7070 respondence not directly related to the mail-

ERIC WOLMAN, Bell Telephone Labs, ing list to, 428 East Preston Street, Balti- Holmdel, NJ 07733 (201) 229-6850 more, Md 21202 (301) 528-4146

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COMMITTEES 1979-80

Affiliated Professional Activities Nominating

SETH BONDER, Vector Research, Inc., ALFRED BLUMSTEIN, School of Urban P.O. Box 1506, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, and Public Affairs, Carnegie-Mellon (313) 973-9210 University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, (412)

578-2176

Education Publications

THOM J. HODGSON, Department of Indus- DAVID S. P. HOPKINS, School of Medicine trial and Systems Engineering, Univer- M-119, Stanford University Medical sity of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, Center, Stanford, CA 94305 (904) 392-1464

Student Affairs

PAUL JENSEN, Mechanical Engineering Ethics & Professional Practice Department, University of Texas, Aus-

JOHN D. KETTELLE, Ketron, Inc., 1400 tin, TX 78712 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209, (703) 527-4200 Technical Sections

RICHARD D. SMALLWOOD, Applied Deci- sion Analysis, 3000 Sand Hill Road,

Geographical Sections Menlo Park, CA 94025, (415) 854-7101

RALPH BLACKBURN, P.O. Box 2819, Dal- las, TX 75221, (214) 651-4526 1978-1980 Visiting Lecturer Program

JUDITH S. LIEBMAN, 234 Mechanical En- gineering Bldg., University of Illinois at

Kimball Medal Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,

DAVID B. HERTZ, McKinsey Co., Inc., 245 (217) 333-6927 Park Ave, New York, NY 10017

Von Neumann Theory Prize

DONALD P. GAVER, Dept. of Operations Lanchester Prize Analysis, Naval Postgraduate School,

GEORGE L. NEMHAUSER, Chairman-1979, Monterey, CA 93940 (408) 646-2605 Sorie, Upson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, (607) 256-3410 Representatives

AAAS SAUL I. GASS

Long Range Planning ACM J. T. CHU

RALPH L. DISNEY, Dept. of Industrial En- AICPA ROBERT S. KAPLAN

gineering, Virginia Polytechnic Insti- AIDS HERBERT MOSKOWITZ

tute and State University, Blackburg, AIIE JOHN A. WHITE VA 24061, (703) 951-6147 AIP DEEPAK BAMMI

ASPA WILLIAM A. WALLACE

Meetings CBMS ALAN J. GOLDMAN

MICHAEL E. THOMAS, School of Indus- CORS R. GORDON CASSIDY trial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA IAPS/NASCP J. FRANKLIN SHARP

30332, (404) 894-2300 IEEE RICHARD C. LARSON

IFORS SETH BONDER

Membership IIASA HARVEY WAGNER

MICHAEL J. MAGAZINE, Department of MORS CLAYTON J. THOMAS

Managenent Sciences, University of NRC SAUL I. GASS Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1, (519) 885-1211 MPS HARVEY J. GREENBERG

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