Front Matter Source: Isis, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Dec., 1983), pp. 459-463 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/232206 . Accessed: 08/05/2014 20:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . The University of Chicago Press and The History of Science Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Isis. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 20:53:40 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Transcript
Front MatterSource: Isis, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Dec., 1983), pp. 459-463Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/232206 .
Accessed: 08/05/2014 20:53
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
.
The University of Chicago Press and The History of Science Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,preserve and extend access to Isis.
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History of Science Society The History of Science Society was founded in 1924 to secure the future of Isis, the international review that George Sarton (1884-1956) had founded in Belgium in 1912. The Society seeks to foster interest in the history of science and its social and cultural relations, to provide a forum for discussion, and to promote scholarly research in the history of science. The Society pursues these objectives by the publication of its journal Isis, by the support and subvention of other forms of scholarly publication, by the or- ganization of annual meetings and other programs, by the award of medals and prizes for outstanding contributions to the history of science, by the encouragement and spon- sorship of local and regional sections of the Society, and by cooperation with other learned and scientific societies.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PRESIDENT
GERALD HOLTON
Harvard University VICE-PRESIDENT
EDWARD GRANT
Indiana University
SECRETARY
AUDREY DAVIS
Smithsonian Institution TREASURER
SEYMOUR H. MAUSKOPF
Duke University
EDITOR
ARNOLD THACKRAY
University of Pennsylvania
COUNCIL To serve through 1983 BERNARD S. FINN
Smithsonian Institution WILLIAM PROVINE
Cornell University CECIL J. SCHNEER
University of New Hampshire
BRIGITTE
SCHROEDER-GUDEHUS
University of Montreal SPENCER R. WEART
American Institute of Physics
To serve through 1984 ARTHUR DONOVAN
Virginia Polytechnic Institute PHILLIP R. SLOAN
University of Notre Dame FREDERICK GREGORY
University of Florida
EDITH D. SYLLA
North Carolina State University
SANDRA HERBERT
University of Maryland
To serve through 1985 GERALD GEISON
Princeton University
OWEN HANNAWAY
Johns Hopkins University
SALLY GREGORY KOHLSTEDT
Syracuse University
BARBARA ROSENKRANTZ
Harvard University
DEBORAH WARNER
Smithsonian Institution
Former Presidents ex officio HARCOURT BROWN
Parry Sound, Ontario
HENRY GUERLAC
Cornell University
MARSHALL CLAGETT
Institute for Advanced Study
THOMAS S. KUHN
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ERWIN N. HIEBERT
Harvard University DOROTHY STIMSON
Owl's Head, Maine I. BERNARD COHEN
Harvard University CHARLES C. GILLISPIE
Princeton University LYNN WHITE, JR.
University of California, Los Angeles
JOHN C. GREENE
University of Connecticut RICHARD S. WESTFALL
Indiana University ROBERT P. MULTHAUF
Smithsonian Institution FREDERIC L. HOLMES
Yale University
COMMITTEE ON ISIS JOSEPH W. DAUBEN
Lehman College, CUNY SALLY GREGORY KOHLSTEDT
Syracuse University
DAVID C. LINDBERG
University of Wisconsin BARBARA G. ROSENKRANTZ
Harvard University
BRIGITTE
SCHROEDER-GUDEHUS
University of Montreal
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Annual membership in the History of Science Society, which includes a subscription to Isis, costs $29 for individual subscribers ($16 for students). Subscriptions for institutions are $50 in North America and $55 overseas. The postpaid price for single issues still in print is $10 for regular issues, $14 for Critical Bibliography issues.
Isis is published at the Department of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania. Address editorial correspondence, advertising inquiries, single-issue orders and new membership subscriptions to Isis Publication Office, 215 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A. Ad- dress renewal orders, claims for missing issues and changes of address to Isis Business Office, P.O. Box 529, Canton, MA 02021, U.S.A. Claims for issues not received should be sent within four months of publication of the issue in question.
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TORE FRANGSMYR: The History of Science in Sweden 465
ARTICLES
MARA BELLER: Matrix Theory Before Schrodinger: Philosophy, Problems, Consequences 469
L. PEARCE WILLIAMS: What Were Ampere's Earliest Discoveries in Electrodynamics? 492
CRITIQUES & CONTENTIONS
DAVID C. LINDBERG: Science and the Early Christian Church 509
DOCUMENTS & TRANSLATIONS
DAVID A. KING: The Astronomy of the Mamluks 531
NOTES & CORRESPONDENCE
DAVID K. FOWLER: Eratosthenes' Ratio for the Obliquity of the Ecliptic; reply by DENNIS RAWLINS 556
STUART JENKS: Addenda to Astrometeorology in the Middle Ages 562
NEWS OF THE PROFESSION
Galileo Conference 563 Eloge: ALBERT VAN HELDEN: Salomon Bochner, 1899-1982 565
ESSAY REVIEWS
FRITZ K. RINGER on The Emergence of Modern Universities in France, 1863-1914, by GEORGE WEISZ; ROBERT A. NYE on Distorting Mirrors: Visions of the Crowd in Late Nineteenth Century France, by SUSANNA
BARROWS, and L'age des foules: Un traite historique de psychologie des masses, by SERGE MOSCOVICI; TOBY GELFAND on Death is a Social Disease: Public Health and Political Economy in Early Industrial France, by WILLIAM COLEMAN. 566
BOOK REVIEWS
Philosophy of Science 577 Paul Heyer: Nature, Human Nature, and Society: Marx, Darwin, Biology and the Human Sciences, rev. by DIANE B. PAUL; John Krige: Science, Revolution and Discon- tinuity, rev. by ERNAN MCMULLIN.
Scientific Instruments 579 Audrey B. Davis: Medicine and Its Technology: An Introduction to the History of Med- ical Instrumentation, rev. by ALICE STROUP.
Scientific Education 580 Peter Baumgart (ed.): Bildungspolitik in Preussen zur Zeit des Kaiserreichs, rev. by R. STEVEN TURNER; Comune di Bologna: Macchine, scuola, industria: Dal mestiere alla professionalitd operaia, rev. by W. E. KNOWLES MIDDLETON.
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Scientific Institutions 581 Edwin B. Eckel: The Geological Society of America: Life History of a Learned Society, rev. by THOMAS G. MANNING; Karl-Heinz Ludwig; Wolfgang Konig (eds.): Technik, Ingenieure und Gesellschaft: Geschichte des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure 1856-1981, rev. by KURT J. IRGOLIC.
Social Relations of Science 583 Marc De Mey: The Cognitive Paradigm: Cognitive Science, a Newly Explored Ap- proach to the Study of Cognition Applied to an Analysis of Science and Scientific Knowledge, rev, by ROGER G. KROHN; Karl Hufbauer: The Formation of the German Chemical Community (1720-1795), rev. by REINHARD LOW; Marcel C. La Follette (ed.): Quality in Science, rev. by THOMAS F. GIERYN; Donald MacKenzie: Statistics in Britain, 1865-1930: The Social Construction of Knowledge, rev. by PETER J. BOWLER.
Humanistic Relations of Science 588 T. W. Heyck: The Transformation of Intellectual Life in Victorian England, rev. by DAVID PHILIP MILLER.
Physical Sciences 589 Herbert Breger: Die Natur als arbeitende Maschine: Zur Entstehung des Energiebegriffs in der Physik, 1840-1850, rev. by KATHRYN OLESKO; Martin Harwit: Cosmic Discovery: The Search, Scope, and Heritage of Astronomy, rev, by KARL HUFBAUER; Fritz Krafft: Das Selbstverstandnis der Physik, in Wandel der Zeit: Vorlesungen zum Historischen Erfahrungsraum physikalischen Erkennens, rev. by P. M. HARMAN.
Mathematics 590 Patricia Cline Cohen: A Calculating People: The Spread of Numeracy in Early America, rev. by BROOKE HINDLE; Erhard Scholz: Geschichte des Mannigfaltigkeits- begriffs von Riemann bis Poincare', rev. by DALE M. JOHNSON.
Earth Sciences 592 William Glen: The Road to Jaramillo: Critical Years of the Revolution in Earth Science, rev. by CHRISTOPHER HAMLIN; Mott T. Greene: Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World, rev. by G. L. HERRIES DAVIES; Anita McConnell: No Sea Too Deep: The History of Oceanographic Instruments, and Marc I. Pinsel: 150 Years of Service on the Seas: A Pictorial History of the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office from 1830 to 1980, Vol. I, 1830-1946, rev. by SUSAN B. SCHLEE.
Biological Sciences 595 Robert F. Chandler, Jr.: An Adventure in Applied Science: A History of the Interna- tional Rice Research Institute, rev. by CHARLES H. DAVIS; Hermann Samuel Reimarus: Allgemeine Betrachtungen uber die Triebe der Thiere hauptsachlich uber ihre Kunst- triebe, ed. by Jurgen von Kempski, rev. by ERNST MAYR.
Medical Sciences 597 Nancy Mandelker Frieden: Russian Physicians in the Era of Reform and Revolution, 1856-1905, rev. by ALEXANDER VUCINICH; Barbara Griggs: Green Pharmacy: A History of Herbal Medicine, rev. by JOHN SCARBOROUGH; Nelly Tsouyopoulos: Andreas Rosch- laub und die Romantische Medizin: Die philosophischen Grundlagen der modernen Medizin, rev. by GUENTER B. RISSE.
Technology 600 Ronald Amann; Julian Cooper (eds.): Industrial Innovation in the Soviet Union, rev. by BRUCE PARROTT; George H. Daniels; Mark H. Rose (eds.): Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives on Policy Issues, rev. by ROSALIND WILLIAMS; Leslie Hannah: Engineers, Managers, and Politicians: The First Fifteen Years of Nationalised Elec- tricity Supply in Britain, rev. by JAMES E. BRITTAIN.
Pseudosciences 602 John J. Cerullo: The Secularization of the Soul: Psychical Research in Modern Britain, rev. by ROGER SMITH.
Ancillary Disciplines 603 Hans Aarsleff: From Locke to Saussure: Essays on the Study of Language and Intel- lectual History, rev. by ROBERT S. LEVENTHAL.
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Middle Ages 604 Nan L. Hahn: Medieval Mensuration: "Quadrans vetus" and "Geometrie due sunt partes principales ...," rev. by RON B. THOMSON.
Byzantium 605 Jean Philopon: Traite6 de l'astrolabe, ed. and trans. by A. P. Segonds, rev. by SHARON GIBBS THIBODEAU.
Islamic Cultures 606 Jos6 Luis Valverde; Carmen Penia Munioz: El formulario de los hospitales de Ibn Abi l-Baydn, rev. by MICHAEL MCVAUGH.
Native American Societies 606
Von Del Chamberlain: When Stars Came Down to Earth: Cosmology of the Skidi Pawnee Indians of North America, rev. by STEPHEN C. MCCLUSKEY; Ray A. Williamson (ed.): Archaeoastronomy in the Americas, rev. by VON DEL CHAMBERLAIN.
Renaissance 608 Lajos Stegena (ed.): Lazarus Secretarius: The First Hungarian Mapmaker, rev. by GEORGE KISH.
Seventeenth Century 609 Zev Bechler (ed.): Contemporary Newtonian Research, rev. by B. J. T. DOBBS; Michael Heyd: Between Orthodoxy and the Enlightenment: Jean-Robert Chouet and the Intro- duction of Cartesian Science in the Academy of Geneva, rev. by JAMES E. MCCLELLAN III; Walter Pagel: Joan Baptista van Helmont: Reformer of Science and Medicine, rev. by ALLEN G. DEBUS.
Eighteenth Century 613 Lorin Anderson: Charles Bonnet and the Order of the Known, rev. by JAMES LARSON; Marguerite Carozzi: Voltaire's Attitude Toward Geology, rev. by KENNETH L. TAYLOR; Heinz Cassebaum: Carl Wilhelm Scheele, rev. by JOSEPH A. SCHUFLE; Roger Hahn: Calendar of the Correspondence of Pierre Simon Laplace, rev. by JANIS LANGINS; Desmond King-Hele (ed.): The Letters of Erasmus Darwin, rev. by RICHARD W. BURK- HARDT, JR.
Nineteenth Century 617 Madaleine Barthelemy-Madaule: Lamarck the Mythical Precursor: A Study of the Re- lations Between Science and Ideology, rev. by PAUL LAWRENCE FARBER; Carolyn E. Delatte: Lucy Audubon: A Biography, rev. by CHARLES BOEWE; William H. Goetzmann; Kay Sloan: Looking Far North: The Harriman Expedition to Alaska, 1899, rev. by WIL- LIAM STANTON; Christine Groeben (ed.): Charles Darwin, 1809-1882; Anton Dohrn, 1840-1909: Correspondence, rev. by WILLIAM MONTGOMERY; Lester Stephens: Joseph LeConte: Gentle Prophet of Evolution, rev. by STEPHEN J. PYNE; James C. Whorton: Crusaders for Fitness: The History of American Health Reformers, rev. by RONALD L. NUMBERS.
Twentieth Century 621 Friedrich Stadler: Vom Positivismus zur "wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung"-Am Beispiel der Wirkungsgeschichte von Ernst Mach in Osterreich von 1895 bis 1934, rev. by JOHN BLACKMORE.
Contemporary Sciences 622 Daniel Ford: The Cult of the Atom: The Secret Papers of the Atomic Energy Com- mission, rev. by LAWRENCE BADASH; Clayton R. Koppes: JPL and the American Space Program: A History of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, rev. by LOYD S. SWENSON, JR.; Sheldon Krimsky: Genetic Alchemy: The Social History of the Recombinant DNA Con- troversy, rev. by DOROTHY NELKIN.
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS 626
INDEX TO VOLUME 74 630
Cover: The universal astrolabe of Ibn al-Sarraj; see page 545. Courtesy of the Benaki Museum, Athens.
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