Front Matter

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VOLUME 89 N UMBER 1 MARCH 1998

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AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW DEVOTED TO THE

HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ITS CULTURAL INFLUENCES

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History of Science Society

The History of Science Society was founded in 1924 to secure the future of Isis, the international review that George Sarton (1884-1956) founded in Belgium in 1912. Since 1984 the publication of Isis has been supported in part by an en- dowment from The Dibner Fund.

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AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW DEVOTED TO THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ITS CULTURAL INFLUENCES

JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE SOCIETY

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ISIS MARCH 1998 VOLUME 89 NUMBER 1

ARTICLES

ROBERT J. LEONARD: Ethics and the Excluded Middle: Karl Menger and Social Science in Interwar Vienna 1

CARL-HENRY GESCHWIND: Embracing Science and Research: Early Twentieth- Century Jesuits and Seismology in the United States 27

JENNIFER MORETON: Doubts about the Calendar: Bede and the Eclipse of 664 50

HSS DISTINGUISHED LECTURE

ALLEN G. DEBUS: Chemists, Physicians, and Changing Perspectives on the Scientific Revolution 66

CRITIQUES AND CONTENTIONS

ANTONIO BELTRAN: Wine, Water, and Epistemological Sobriety: A Note on the Koyre-MacLachlan Debate 82

JAMES MACLACHLAN: Experimenting in the History of Science 90

ESSAY REVIEWS

PAUL N. EDWARDS: Virtual Machines, Virtual Infrastructures: The New Historiography of Information Technology

Martin Campbell-Kelly; William Aspray: Computer: A History of the Information Machine, James W. Cortada: Information Technology as Business History: Issues in the History and Management of Computers, Arthur L. Norberg; Judy E. O'Neill: Transforming Computer Technology: Information Processing for the Pentagon, 1962-1986, with Kerry J. Freedman, Katie Hafner; Matthew Lyon: Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet, Gene I. Rochlin: Trapped in the Net: The Unanticipated Consequences of Computerization, and Thomas K. Landauer: The Trouble with Computers: Usefulness, Usability, and Productivity 93

WILLIAM MONTGOMERY: The Family Man

Janet Browne: Charles Darwin: Voyaging 100

HENRIKA KUKLICK: Speaking with the Dead

Jack Goody: The Expansive Moment: The Rise of Social Anthropology in Britain and Africa, 1918-1970, and George W. Stocking, Jr.: After Tylor: British Social Anthropology, 1888-1951 103

BOOK REVIEWS FEATURE REVIEWS

Roshdi Rashed: Fondateurs et commentateurs: Banui Muisa, Ibn Qurra, Ibn Sindn, al-Khazin, al-Quhi, Ibn al-Samh, Ibn Hu-d, and Roshdi Rashed: Ibn al-Haytham, rev. by SEYYED HOSSEIN NASR 112



James G. Hershberg: James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age, rev. by JESSICA WANG 113

GENERAL Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent; Isabelle Stengers: A History of Chemistry, trans. by

Deborah van Dam, rev. by WILLIAM H. BROCK 116 Frank Spencer (Editor): History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, Volumes 1 and

2, rev. by MATTHEW R. GOODRUM 116 Henrika Kuklick; Robert E. Kohler (Editors): Science in the Field (Osiris, 11), rev. by

PEGGY ALDRICH KIDWELL 117 Edward S. Golub: The Limits of Medicine: How Science Shapes Our Hope for the Cure, rev.

by ROSEMARY A. STEVENS 118 Nikolas Rose: Inventing Ourselves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood, rev. by GRAHAM

RICHARDS 119 Wolf-Dieter Muller-Jahncke; Christoph Friedrich: Geschichte der Arzneimitteltherapie,

rev. by ARTHUR DAEMMRICH 120 Lilla Wechsler; Christopher Hoolihan; Mark F. Weimer (Compilers): The Bernard Becker

Collection in Ophthalmology: An Annotated Catalog, rev. by AUDREY B. DAVIS 121

ANTIQUITY Roger French: Ancient Natural History: Histories of Nature, rev. by GEOFFREY LLOYD 121 Peter Kingsley: Ancient Philosophy, Mystery, and Magic: Empedocles and Pythagorean

Tradition, rev. by DENIS O'BRIEN 122 Armelle Debru: Le corps respirant: La pensee physiologique chez Galien, rev. by RICHARD J.

DURLING 124

MIDDLE AGES & RENAISSANCE Hildegard of Bingen: Secrets of God: Writings of Hildegard of Bingen, trans. by Sabina

Flanagan, rev. by VICTORIA SWEET 124 Loris Sturlese: Storia della filosofia tedesca nel medioevo-Il secolo XIII, rev. by ANNE

DAVENPORT 125 David Herlihy: The Black Death and the Transformation of the West, ed. by Samuel K.

Cohn, Jr., rev. by ALFRED W. CROSBY 126 Nicole Oresme: Quaestiones super de generatione et corruptione, ed. by Stefano Caroti, rev.

by EDITH DUDLEY SYLLA 126 Giovanna Ferrari: L'esperienza del passato: Alessandro Benedetti filologo e medico

umanista, rev. by VIVIAN NUTTON 127 Volker Zimmermann (Editor): Paracelsus: Das Werk-Die Rezeption, and Andrew Weeks:

Paracelsus: Speculative Theory and the Crisis of the Early Reformation, rev. by CHARLES

D. GUNNOE, JR. 128 Giordano Bruno: Oeuvres completes, Volume 2: Le souper des cendres, ed. by Giovanni

Aquilecchia, trans. by Yves Hersant, Giordano Bruno: Oeuvres completes, Volume 3: De la cause, du principe et de l'un, ed. by Giovanni Aquilecchia, trans. by Luc Hersant, and Giordano Bruno: Oeuvres completes, Volume 4: De l'infini, de l'univers et des mondes, ed. by Giovanni Aquilecchia, trans. by Jean-Pierre Cavaille, rev. by JEANNE HARRIE 130

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Antoni Malet: From Indivisibles to Infinitesimals: Studies on Seventeenth-Century

Mathematizations of Infinitely Small Quantities, rev. by AMIR ALEXANDER 131 Nicolas Flamel: Nicolas Flamel, His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624), ed. by

Laurinda Dixon, rev. by DEBORAH HARKNESS 132 Robert Boyle: A Free Enquiry into the Vulgarly Received Notion of Nature, ed. by Edward

B. Davis and Michael Hunter, rev. by GUIDO GIGLIONI 133 Robert Markley: Fallen Languages: Crises of Representation in Newtonian England, 1660-

1740, rev. by EDWARD B. DAVIS 134 Christiane Vilain: La mecanique de Christian Huygens: La relativite du mouvement au XVIIe

siecle, rev. by JOELLA YODER 135 Wolfgang Ambrosius Fabricius: AHOPHMA BOTANIKON: De signaturis plantarum:

Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Norimbergae 1653, ed. by Massimo Luigi Bianchi, rev. by KAREN REEDS 135

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Helmut Mueller-Sievers: Self-Generation: Biology, Philosophy, and Literature around 1800,

rev. by JAMES A. MARCUM 136 Leonhard Euler: Commentationes astronomicae: Mechanicae et astronomicae ad physicam

cosmicam pertinentes, ed. by Eric J. Aiton, rev. by CRAIG FRASER 137 Dennis Todd: Imagining Monsters: Miscreations of the Self in Eighteenth-Century England,

rev. by ERIN O'CONNOR 138



Luca Ciancio (Editor): A Calendar of the Correspondence of John Strange F.R.S. (1732- 1799), rev. by GORDON L. HERRIES DAVIES 139

NINETEENTH CENTURY J. L. Lagrange: Analytical Mechanics: Translated from the "Mecanique analytique,"

nouvelle edition of 1811, trans. and ed. by Auguste Boissonnade and Victor N. Vagliente, rev. by MASSIMO GALUZZI 140

James P. Henderson: Early Mathematical Economics: William Whewell and the British Case, rev. by MARGARET SCHABAS 141

Charles Darwin: Darwin [CD-ROM], ed. by Michael T. Ghiselin, rev. by JOEL S. SCHWARTZ 142 Vitezslav Orel: Gregor Mendel: The First Geneticist, trans. by Stephen Finn, rev. by

MICHAEL R. DIETRICH 143 Paul Jerome Croce: Science and Religion in the Era of William James, Volume 1: Eclipse of

Certainty, 1820-1880, rev. by CUSHING STROUT 144 Jean-Pierre Belna: La notion de nombre chez Dedekind, Cantor, Frege: Theories,

conceptions, et philosophie, rev. by COLIN MCLARTY 145 Carol Sheriff: The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress, 1817-1862,

rev. by MICHAEL J. CHIARAPPA 146 Florin Diacu; Philip Holmes: Celestial Encounters: The Origins of Chaos and Stability, rev.

by JUNE BARROW-GREEN 147 Sigrid Stockel: Sduglingsfilrsorge zwischen sozialer Hygiene und Eugenik: Das Beispiel

Berlins im Kaiserreich und in der Weimarer Republik, rev. by ANN TAYLOR ALLEN 148 Santos Casado de Otaola: Los primeros pasos de la ecologfa en Espana, rev. by JORGE

CANIZARES-ESGUERRA 149

TWENTIETH CENTURY Michael Ruse: Monad to Man: The Concept of Progress in Evolutionary Biology, rev. by

THOMAS JUNKER 149 Ernst Mayr: This Is Biology: The Science of the Living World, rev. by MICHAEL T. GHISELIN 150 Tian Yu Cao: Conceptual Developments of Twentieth-Century Field Theories, rev. by HELGE

KRAGH 151 Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh: The Dawning of Gauge Theory, rev. by JAMES T. CUSHING 152 Elisabeth Emter: Literatur und Quantentheorie: Die Rezeption der modernen Physik in

Schriften zur Literatur und Philosophie deutschsprachiger Autoren (1925-1970), rev. by CATHRYN CARSON 153

Stacia E. Zabusky: Launching Europe: An Ethnography of European Cooperation in Space Science, rev. by JOHN KRIGE 154

Anne Harrington: Reenchanted Science: Holism in German Culture from Wilhelm II to Hitler, rev. by GREG EGHIGIAN 154

Burghard Weiss: "Forschungsstelle D": Der Schweizer Ingenieur Walter Ddllenbach (1892-1990), die AEG, und die Entwicklung kernphysikalischer GroJigerate im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland, and Burghard Weiss: GroJ3forschung in Berlin: Geschichte des Hahn-Meitner-Instituts, rev. by MARK WALKER 155

J. Samuel Walker: Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs against Japan, rev. by MARTIN HARWIT 156

William J. Schull: Effects of Atomic Radiation: A Half Century of Studies from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, rev. by GILBERT WHITTEMORE 157

Harry W. Paul: Science, Vine, and Wine in Modern France, rev. by JERRY B. GOUGH 158 Stephen R. Kandall: Substance and Shadow: Women and Addiction in the United States,

with Jennifer Petrillo, rev. by MICHELLE L. MCCLELLAN 159 Bernard J. Paris: Karen Homey: A Psychoanalyst's Search for Self-Understanding, rev. by

MARCIA WESTKOTT 160 Paul Fagette: Digging for Dollars: American Archaeology and the New Deal, rev. by

A. BOWDOIN VAN RIPER 161 Stephen Bocking: Ecologists and Environmental Politics: A History of Contemporary

Ecology, rev. by EUGENE CITTADINO 162 Donald E. Osterbrock: Yerkes Observatory, 1892-1950: The Birth, Near Death, and

Resurrection of a Scientific Research Institution, rev. by JON AGAR 163 Ken Croswell: Planet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems, rev. by ROBERT P.

STEFANIK 164 Walter Alvarez: T. rex and the Crater of Doom, rev. by WILLIAM GLEN 164 W. Bruce Fye: American Cardiology: The History of a Speciality and Its College, rev. by

KIRK JEFFREY 166 E. M. Tansey; P. P. Catterall; D. A. Christie; S. V. Willhoft; L. A. Reynolds (Editors):

Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth-Century Medicine, Volume 1, rev. by HARRY M. MARKS 167 Rima D. Apple: Vitamania: Vitamins in American Culture, rev. by SALLY M. HORROCKS 168 Hugh LaFollette; Niall Shanks: Brute Science: Dilemmas of Animal Experimentation, rev.

by SCOTT DEVITO 169



Jay Baldwin: BuckyWorks: Buckminster Fuller's Ideas for Today, rev. by ALEX SOOJUNG-KIM PANG 170

Mary Murphy: Mining Cultures: Men, Women, and Leisure in Butte, 1914-41, rev. by PAT MUNDAY 171

SOCIOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Robert K. Merton: On Social Structure and Science, ed. by Piotr Sztompka, rev. by SAL

RESTIVO 172 Marta Feher: Changing Tools: Case Studies in the History of Scientific Methodology, rev. by

PAUL HOYNINGEN-HUENE 173

REFERENCE TOOLS S. A. Jayawardene: The Scientific Revolution: An Annotated Bibliography, rev. by

I. BERNARD COHEN 174 Benjamin F. Shearer; Barbara S. Shearer (Editors): Notable Women in the Physical

Sciences: A Biographical Dictionary, rev. by TANYA ZANISH-BELCHER 174 Alice Calaprice (Editor): The Quotable Einstein, and Sachi Sri Kantha: An Einstein

Dictionary, rev. by LAURIE M. BROWN 175

COLLECTIONS Marco Beretta; Tore Frangsmyr (Editor): Sidereus Nuncius and Stella Polaris: The

Scientific Relations between Italy and Sweden in Early Modern History 175 Charles Burnett: Magic and Divination in the Middle Ages: Texts and Techniques in the

Islamic and Christian Worlds 176 Andrew J. Butrica (Editor): Beyond the Ionosphere: Fifty Years of Satellite Communication 176 Roberto Cardini; Mariangela Regoliosi (Editors): Umanesimo e medicina: In problema dell'

"individuale" 176 Stefano Caroti; Pierre Souffrin (Editors): La nouvelle physique du XIVe siecle 177 Robert S. Cohen; Risto Hilpinen; Qiu Renzong (Editors): Realism and Anti-Realism in the

Philosophy of Science: Beijing International Conference, 1992 177 Wilfred Vernon Farrar: Chemistry and the Chemical Industry in the Nineteenth Century:

The Henrys of Manchester and Other Studies. ed. by Richard L. Hills and W. H. Brock 177 Jennifer Ham; Matthew Senior (Editors): Animal Acts: Configuring the Human in Western

History 177 Eckart Henning (Editor): Dahlemer Archivgesprdche, Volume 1: Fulr das Archiv zur

Geschichte der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 178 Nathan Houser; Don D. Roberts; James Van Evra (Editors): Studies in the Logic of

Charles Sanders Peirce 178 J. D. Hunley (Editor): History of Rocketry and Astronautics: Proceedings of the Twenty-

fourth Symposium of the International Academy of Astronautics, Dresden, Germany, 1990 178 J. D. Hunley (Editor): History of Rocketry and Astronautics: Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth

Symposium of the International Academy of Astronautics, Montreal, Canada, 1991 179 Danielle Jacquart: La science medicale occidentale entre deux renaissances (XIIe s.-XVe s.) 179 Maria Jesus Lacarra (Editor): Estudios sobre Pedro Alfonso de Huesca 179 Jack Morrell: Science, Culture, and Politics in Britain, 1750-1870 179 Barbara Herrnstein Smith; Arkady Plotnitsky (Editors): Mathematics, Science, and

Postclassical Theory 180 Ronald G. Waters (Editor): Scientific Authority and Twentieth-Century America 180

NEWS OF THE PROFESSION

Eloge: H. FLORIS COHEN: Reijer Hooykaas, 1 August 1906-4 January 1994 181

The 1997 Annual Meeting 185

Statutes of the History of Science Society 191

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS 197

COVER: Riot police charging protesters in Vienna, July 1927. (From Arnold Reisberg, Februar 1934, Hintergriinde und Folgen [Vienna: Globus-Verlag, 1974], page 16.)



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