Ftth Documentation

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FTTH-Fiber to the home &optical fibers.Submitted By: Submitted to:

Nishant Gupta Prof. H.S. Siyan

1002731066

EC-d, III yr.

A.K.G.E.C


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FTTH by Nishant Gupta Page 2

CONTENTS1.Acknowledgement

2.Abstract

3.Introduction

4. Definitions

5. FTTH Theory

6. Types of Optical Network

7. Summary

8. References


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude

and deep regards to my guide SIYAN sir for his

exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant

encouragement throughout the course of this thesis. The

blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time

shall carry me a long way in the journey of life on which

I am about to embark.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, brother, sister and

friends for their constant encouragement without which

this assignment would not be possible.

NISHANT GUPTA

EC-D

1002731066


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ABSTRACTThe growing popularity of the Internet is the key driver behind thedevelopment of new access methods which would enable a customer to

experience a true broadband. Amongst various technologies, the accessmethods based on the optical fiber are getting more and more attention asthey offer the ultimate solution in delivering different services to thecustomers premises. Three different architectures have been proposedthat facilitate the roll out of Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH)Infrastructure: Point-to-point Ethernet networks are the moststraightforward and already matured solution. Different flavors ofPassive Optical Networks (PONs) with Time Division MultiplexingAccess (TDMA) are getting more widespread as necessary equipment is

becoming available on the market. The third main contender are PONs

with Wavelength Division Multiplexing Access (WDMA). Although stillin their infancy, the laboratory tests show that they have manyadvantages over present solutions.In this report we show a brief comparison of these three access methods.In our analysis the architecture of each solution is presented. Theapplicability of each system is looked at from different viewpoint andtheir advantages and disadvantages are highlighted.

Keywords: Access Networks, Optical Networks, Fiber-To-TheHome.


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INTRODUCTION

Introducing the fiber in the local loop was envisaged nearly 20 years ago.

As the quality of the optical fiber was improving, efficient transmittersand receivers appeared, it seemed possible to build an access networkthat would be based on the optical technology. Due to the lack of activeunits in the light path the architecture of the system was simple, costeffective and offered bandwidth that was not, and still is not, possible toachieve by other access methods. However, the initial progress in thedevelopment of optical networks was slowed to a halt by economical andtechnological factors. The Internet was not as widespread then as it isnow and customers were not ready to pay for the broadband access. It

was envisaged that a narrow band Integrated Services Digital Networkaccess would be sufficient for most of the users until year 2010 and onlyhandful of business customers would need broadband access.

Rapid progress in development of different types of the DigitalSubscriber Loop (DSL) technology and its widespread adoption in thenineties was another factor impeding the deployment of FTTH. As theaverage transfer rate of 6Mbps could be achieved over DSL, the cost ofreplacing existing copper infrastructure with optical cables was not

justified from the economical point of view.

In recent years there has been a new interest in access methods based onthe optical fiber. A couple of major factors are behind the motivation torevive this powerful idea. From the social point of view the Internet has

become phenomenally popular and the number of customers requiringbroadband access and willing to pay for it is increasing steadily despitethe slumps in the global economy. New services such as High DefinitionTelevision (HDTV) have been developed that require more bandwidththat can be provided by DSL or Cable Modems. Moreover, a further

growth in the number of people requiring broadband access is forecasted.Much of the current development of broadband networks based on theoptical technology has been achieved as a result of an active andstimulating role of governmental agencies. They are responsible forimplementing policies that encourage the development of the broadbandaccess networks as a way to increase the computer literacy amongst


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citizens. This is especially the case in Asian countries, where thepenetration of broadband access is the greatest.The last factor is technological in nature. In the last twenty years huge

progress has been made in the electronics as well as in the optical signal

processing domain. High quality optical cables are generally availabletoday, efficient light sources and receivers can be bought off the shelf

at a reasonable price and there areelectronic circuits that match the speed of the optical devices. Theavailability of components makes building a FTTH system not as costlyas it used to be. Successful business models were presentedwhich haveshown that PON systems could give better revenue than access networks

based on DSL or Cable access.


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DEFINITIONS

Fiber to the x (FTTX) is a generic term for any broadband network

architecture using optical fiber to replace all or part of the usual metal

local loop used for last-mile telecommunications. The term is a

generalization for several configurations of fiber deployment, ranging

from FTTN (fiber to the neighborhood) to FTTD (fiber to the desk)

The telecommunications industry differentiates between several distinctconfigurations. The terms in most widespread use today are:

FTTN/FTTLA (fiber-to-the-node, -neighborhood, or -last-amplifier):Fiber is terminated in a street cabinet, possibly miles away from the

customer premises, with the final connections being copper. FTTN isoften an interim step toward full FTTH and is typically used to deliveradvanced triple-play telecommunications services.

FTTC/FTTK(fiber-to-the-curb/kerb, -closet, or -cabinet): This isvery similar to FTTN, but the street cabinet or pole is closer to theuser's premises, typically within 1,000 feet (300 m), within range forhigh-bandwidth copper technologies such as wired Ethernet or IEEE1901 power line networking and wireless Wi-Fi technology. FTTC isoccasionally ambiguously called FTTP (fiber-to-the-pole), leading to

confusion with the distinct fiber-to-the-premises system. FTTB (fiber-to-the-building, -business, or -basement): Fiber reaches

the boundary of the building, such as the basement in a multi-dwelling unit, with the final connection to the individual living space

being made via alternative means, similar to the curb or poletechnologies.

FTTH (fiber-to-the-home): Fiber reaches the boundary of the livingspace, such as a box on the outside wall of a home. Passive opticalnetworks and point-to-point ethernet are architectures thatdeliver triple-play services over FTTH networks directly from anoperator's central office.

FTTP (fiber-to-the-premises): This term is used either as a blanketterm for both FTTH and FTTB, or where the fiber network includes

both homes and small businesses.


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TYPES OF OPTICAL NETWORK


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The Benefits of Fiber to the Home

Broadband Connections

More than 10 million homes worldwide already have fiber-to-the-homebroadband connections because the technology holds many advantagesover current technologies.

A key benefit to FTTH -- also called FTTP, for "fiber-to-the-premises"broadband -- is that it provides for far faster connection speeds andcarrying capacity than twisted pair conductors, DSL or coaxial cable. Forexample, a single copper pair conductor can carry six phone calls. Asingle fiber pair can carry more than 2.5 million phone callssimultaneously [source: Federal Communications Commission].

Experts at the FTTH Council say fiber-to-the-home connections are theonly technology with enough bandwidth to handle projected consumerdemands during the next decade reliably and cost effectively. Thetechnology is already, affordable, as businesses around the world aredemonstrating by getting into the business as they speculate on consumerdemand.

Fiber has a virtually unlimited bandwidth coupled with a long reach,making it "future safe," or a standard medium that will be in place for along time to come [source: ICT Regulation Toolkit].

The greatly enhanced bandwidth, however, costs about the same ascurrent technologies. According to the FTTH Council, cable companiesspent about $84 billion to wire households a decade ago, but it costs evenless in today's dollars to wire those houses with FTTH technology.

FTTH will be able to handle even the futuristic Internet uses someexperts see coming. Technologies such as 3D holographic high definitiontelevision and games will someday be everyday items in householdsaround the world. FTTH will be able to handle the estimated 30-

gigabyte-per-second needs of such equipment. Current technologies can'tcome close.

The FTTH broadband connection will spark the creation of products notyet dreamed of as they open new possibilities for data transmission rate.Using the past as a guide, think what items that now seem commonplace


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were not even on the drawing board five or 10 years ago. FTTHbroadband connections will inspire new products and services and couldopen entire new sectors in the business world, experts at the FTTHCouncil say.

FTTH broadband connections also will allow consumers to "bundle" theircommunications services. For instance, a consumer could receivetelephone, video, audio, television and just about any other kind of digitaldata stream using a simple FTTH broadband connection. Such anarrangement would be more cost effective and simpler than receivingthose services via different lines, as is often the case today.


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7. SUMMARY

In this report the comparison of the main FTTH architectures has been

presented. The common features as well as the differences between threemain architectures were outlined. We showed that although point-to-

point Ethernet optical networks have many advantages their developmentcould be more expensive in the long run that the potential benefits. It isenvisaged that, in the nearest future, access based on the PONs will bedominant. Primarily because this technology is maturing fast, it allowsthe total cost to be shared amongst a larger number of customers. It is

predicted that as a number of available HDTV channels grows even morebandwidth will be required. This could provide an incentive to quickenthe development of FTTH networks based on WDMA mode andsignificantly reduce their time to market. Despite being in the laboratory

phase, this technology might become available on the market in the nextcouple of years.In comparison with other access technologies such as DSL or Cable,FTTH offers much bigger bandwidth. The main obstacles faced bynetwork operators are the prohibitive costs of the rolling out theinfrastructure. The massive roll out of FTTH infrastructure in nearestfuture is difficult to anticipate in current conditions. The high penetrationof existing services and lack of new killer applications, that would

increase the demand for bandwidth, and slower than expected start ofHDTV can be named as major obstacles.


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8.REFERENCES

1. www.wikipedia.com

2. Magazine- FIBERDK APS

3. www.fsanweb.org

4. www.ist-nobel.org

5. www.ist-muse.org

6. www.ponforum.com

7. Broadband Optical Access Network and Fiber to the HomeWiley publications

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