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Presentation on Fuel Cells

By :-

Arpan Gupta

7080710223

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Introduction

It is an electrochemicaldevice which convert

hydrogen and oxygen intowater producing electricityand heat in the process.

It is much like a battery thatcan be recharged while youare drawing power from it.

It provides a DC voltage thatcan be used to powermotors, lights and anynumber of electricalappliances.

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The Invention of the Fuel Cell

Sir William Grove invented the first fuel cell in 1839. Grove

knew that water could be split into hydrogen and oxygen by

sending an electric current through it (a process calledelectrolysis). He hypothesized that by reversing the procedure

you could produce electricity and water. He created a primitive

fuel cell and called it a gas voltaic battery. After experimenting

with his new invention, Grove proved his hypothesis. Fifty years

later, scientists Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer coined theterm fuel cell while attempting to build a practical model to

produce electricity

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What is a fuel cell?

A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy

conversion device. A fuel cell converts thechemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in

the process it produces electricity.

A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a

chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes,

one positive and one negative, called, respectively,the cathode and anode. The reactions that produce

electricity take place at the electrodes

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Why we need fuel cell?

Fuel cell provides an alternate efficient non

polluting power source that produces nonoise and has no moving parts.

It is expected that by 2050 the global energydemand is going to rise by 2 to 3 times.

This calls for optimization of generation ofenergy through well-known sources,preferably renewable energy for commercialexploitation.

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Types of fuel cell

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)

Phosphoric acid (PAFC)

Solid Oxide (SOFC)

Alkaline (AFC)

Direct Methanol Molten Carbonate

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PEM

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Requirement for fuel cells

Hydrocarbons

Oxygen

Water

Hydrogen

Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

And hardware elements are Fuel processor or reformer

Fuel cell

Convertor

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Alkali Fuel Cell

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How fuel cells work ?

Chemistry of fuel cell

At anode:-2H2 4H + 4e

At Cathode:-

O2 + 4H + 4e 2H2O

NETREACTION

2H2 + O2 2H2O

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Advantages

Fuel cell system are environmentally benign . High conversion efficiency .

Extremely low emission.

Noise less operations. Has no moving parts

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Applications

Fuel cells powered cars will start toreplace gas and diesel engine carsin about 2055. .

Fuel cell powered buses arealready running in several cities..

This promising application will oneday even power our houses.

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Applications

Fuel cells also make

sense for portablepower like laptop

computers and

cellular phones.

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Telecommunications - With the use of computers, the

Internet, and communication networks steadily increasing, there

comes a need for more reliable power than is available on thecurrent electrical grid, and fuel cells have proven to be up to

99.999% (five nines) reliable. Fuel cells can replace batteries

to provide power for 1kW to 5kW telecom sites without noise or

emissions, and are durable, providing power in sites that are

either hard to access or are subject to inclement weather.S

uchsystems would be used to provide primary or backup power for

telecom switch nodes, cell towers, and other electronic systems

that would benefit from on-site, direct DC power supply.

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Nokia mobile with fuel cell battery

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Wheel chair powered by fuel cell

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Toshiba mp3 with a fuel cell

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Major organizations working in the

field

Ministry of NCES

IITs CSIR labs

BHEL

GAIL BARC

MIT

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Disadvantages

Initial cost of installation is higher.

Comparative cost of energy storage of fuelcells is around twice that of conventional

sources of energy.

Energy produced by one fuel cell is around

0.7 volts.

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Recent development

LLC, latham,NY has successfully developed

50 KW power plant. Fuel cell of capacity 1.5KW is powering

houses in Australia.

GAIL is actively involved in establishing fuel

infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles inIndia.

CECRI, karaikudi has developed and testedMCFC stack.

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Conclusion

The above discussion prove the existence of huge

market for fuel cells. The commercial power units are technically feasible .

Research and development should be aimed at

reducing cost and increasing life.

Future cities can be planned on fuel cell systems fortheir power and energy requirements.

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Thank you