Fuentes de Energia Sobre La Tierra

7/27/2019 Fuentes de Energia Sobre La Tierra

1/14 1971 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


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NRGY SOUCS F THE A

They are sol enrgy (curt ad stored), tis t at's

at, ss fl d pobl fso fels. Fn1 sdo

of IU y o o te foss fls wll e qe re

Eergy os cosy o d ou

o he erhs surce eirome. s resu he meri

oses o he erh's suce re s ouous or erme cro. The souce o he eergy sreodery sor rdo, supe-meed by sm mos o he romhe erh's eror d o d eergyrom he go sysem o heer, he moo d he su. The m-ers o he er's srce oss ohe ry ocrrg hemc ee-mes, b ew o whch behe cordce h he prces o heosero o mer d o o rs

muby s ormed sschemsry. ew o he eemes or hersooes wh budces o oy ewrs per mo, re excepo ohese pces beg rdocie.The eeo s rc h she ey o ddo rge sorce eergy.

sm pr o he mer heerh's su s mboded g or-gsms pns d ms. The eeso he ps cpure sm rco ohe nien sor rdo d sore

checy by he mechs o phoosynhesis Ths sore becoes he eergy suy essei or e exseceo e pn n nm igms. Bioogcy sored eergy is reesed byoxdo re pproxie equ

o he re o sore. Oer mos o

ESOURC EXPLOATION s egnn be aided by airbrne sidelooking radarcres ch a the ne on he oppieage made by he Aer Service Crporation

and h Gdyear Aerospace Corporation.The echnique has advantage of "eeinghrgh cld cver and vegeation. hispcure, whch was made n outhern Vnezuela extends 70 miles from lef o rgh.

b

yrs, howeer, mue rcio o heegebe d m mer s buedder codos o comee od

o d decy, hereby gg rse ohe oss es h rode mos o heeergy or dusrzed socees.

I s dcu or eo g owwho he beome ccsomed o hesed exoe gowh he osumo o eergy rom he oss eso reze how rsory he osseeoch w eeuy roe o be whe s ewed oer oger s o humhsory. The suo c beer be see he ersece o sme 0000 yersh beore he rese d h er-

wrd. such sce he compee cy-ce o he expoo o he word'soss ues w be see o ecompsserhs 300 yers, wh he rcsegme o he cyce (deed s he erod durg whch bu he rs erce d he s 0 ere o hees re exrced d bured) coer-g oy bo 300 yer.

W he w rode dusreergy he re o sce ess rge s he rese oe? The sweres m's growg by o exo

oher sources o eergy, hey cer rese bu erhps eey hemuch rger source o sor eergy. Whhs biy he eergy resorces ow d r suce o sus dsi oeo o he rese mgdeor oher meum or ogr. re-er wh suh resores o eergy hems o he growh dsr - re o oger se by scr oeergy b rher by he s d m-er mos o r geher wh he res ccordg o hese r o o-oc d dusr ces ed ncrese exoey w me he resrces o he ere er r se ss sc res

sge cooe or more h e es o successe dobgs

t us osder greer de he oo eergy hrog he erh's su-e erome [se illustraon ex wo pages]. The wrd ow oeergy hs hree m sources () eerceed sor rdio () hermeergy, whch s coeyed o he srce he erh rom he wrmer err e oduco o he d by oeco ho sprgs d ocoes, d3) d eergy, dered rom he ombed e d oe eergy ohe erhmoosu sysem. I s ossbe

rous s o esme proxmey hw rge he u s rom ecsore.

I he cse o sor rdo e -ux s expressed erms o he soros whch s deed s he mere o o o sor eergy cross o re h s perpedcr o he rdo d ousde he erh's moshere he me dse o he errom he su. esremes mde ohe erh d scecr ge mee or he sor cos o .3

ows er squre meer wh ro o bou ere The o sordo erceped by he erh's dmer e o .7 0 squre meers s hereore 73 0 ws.

The ux o e b codo rohe erhs eror hs be deermedrom mesremes he geohermgrde (he res emerrewh deh) d he herm od o he rocs oed. From hosds o s mesremes, boh d d o e e bds e ergee o ow e rom he eror oh r s e od e bo03 w er sre meer. Fr ers sr re 0 0 srmeers he o e w ms

1971 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


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some 3 X 10 ws Te re o oeo by ho sprngs d ooess esmed o be ony bou 1 pereno he re o oduon, or ou.3 X 10 ws

Te eergy rom d soures hsbee esmed 3 X 10 ws. e ree sours o eergy re expressd he ommo u o 10 ws, h

o power ux o e er's sure eromen s ound o be 173,035X 10 ws or rdo ousor 9998 pere o . oher wy osg e sun's onrbuo o he eergy budg o e r s o oe h 13,000 X 10 ws mouns o5,000 ms e enegy nu rom or sours ombd

bou 30 pere o he de sorenegy 5000 X 10 ws) s dreyreed d sered b spes orweengh rdo. her4 ere (81000 X 10 ws) s b-sobed by he mosphere, he d sr-e nd he oens d oered drey o he he mbe sremperure oher 23 pere (0

000 10 ws) s osmed heoro oeo prepond sre ruo o wer he hy-oog ye sm ro bo30 X 10 ws dres he mosphe- nd e oeos d ros d h oe wes d s ee-y dsspd he by r. F-ny, e smer robou

0 X 10 wss pured by hehorophy o p ees where be-omes he esse eergy sppy hephoosyhe proess d euyo he p d m gdms.

Phoosyhess xes rbo he ed sores sor eergy he orm orbohydre I so beres xyged wh he dey or osumpo o

he e dsspes eergy. y geme erged oer yer or more hebe bewee hese proesss s -mos pere. mue ro o heorg mer proded hweer sdeposed pe bogs or oher oxyge-dee eromes der odosh pree ompee dey d oss oeergy

SOAR RADIAION SOR RADIION

3 .0x 102 W AT S ' " REFLCTION 52 ,Ox 10 '2 WAT S ( 30 PERCNT )

I VS TO x W ( P) API, l'z WAT SORAG" (2 IN R D ICIDS S COIO D CRRS

0x 0 AS

DCY " OOSYSIS TG I PLT40 1 S AIALS

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EAR 'TH . I


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ittle of the oganic ateial podced befoe the Caian peiod,which begn aot 6 illion yeasgo, has been peseved Ding thepast 6 illion yeas, however, soeof the oganic ateials tht did notediately decay have een biednde a gret thikness of sedientaysands, ds and lies ese ae the

fossil fels coal, oil shale, eoeand natal gas, whih ae ih in en-egy stoed up eically fo he snshine of the past 6 illion yeas heprocess is still ontining, t poalyat abot the sae rate as in te past theacclation ding the net illionyeas will poaly e a sihnredthof the aont ilt p ths far

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ndstrialzation has of cose withdwn the deposits n this enegy bankwth inceasing rapidty n the case ofcoal, for eaple, the worlds consp-ton dig the past yeas has beenbot 9 tes geater than t was dr-ing the peceding seven centries Theinceasing agnitde of the rte ofwthdawal can also be seen in the fact

tht the aont o coal podced andconsed since 94 is appoiatelqal to the total consption p tothat tie The clatve podctono 86 throgh 97 was aot 33llon etic tons The aount podced efoe 86 was aot seven l-lon etc tons

Petrole nd related podcts were

DAL RY

1DS DAL CRRS Cx0' AS

CO OLCAOS A O SRS

x 10' AS

CODCO ROCKS

x10 AS

RRSRAL RY-CLAR RAL AD RAAOAL RY

caed b e hozotal bands begnnng th "Dc rcto and adng don

ar he smalles oton gos to hoosynthss Dead las and anmals bud n

e eath gve se to oss uls, ontanng sto sola negy rom mllons o yas ast.

ot etracted in signiant aonts befoe 188 Snce then prodction has n-cesed at a nealy constant eponentialrte Dring the 8year peiod fro189 thogh 97 the aveage ate ofncease has been 694 pecent pe yea,with a doblig peiod of yeas heculative podction ntil the end of969 aonted to 227 billion 227 X

aes, o 95 tillion US gallonsnce aain the eiod that encopassesost of the pouction is notaly refThe 2 yeas fo 857 to 959 weeeqied to pode the st half of theclative podtion only the yearpeiod fo 1959 to 969 as reqiedfor the seond half

aining te relative enegy contibtions of oal nd cude oil by coparng te heats of obstion of the respective fuels in units of kilowatthos, oe ns tat ntl afte 9the contition f oil ws aely sigiant ope i te ontition fro coal Sine 9 the onrition f oil has risen uch faste thanthat fro coal y 968 oil epesentedot 6 percent of the total f the enegy fro ntal gas nd natlgaslqids had een nclded, the ontiton fro petrole would have eebot 7 pecent n the US lone 73ecent of the total enegy podcefro fossl fels in 1968 was fo pe-trole nd 27 ercent fro coal.

Broadly speaking, t cn be said thathe world's conspton of enegfor ndstral pposes s now dolapproately one per decade heconfonted wth a rate of rowth of schmagntde, one ca har fal to onder how log t can be kept p n thecse of the fossil fels a reasonably dete answe can be obtained Thei -man eplotaton conssts of thei beinwthdawn fro n essetially ed n-tial sply Ding their s as socesof energy the ae destoyed The o-

plete cycle of eplottion of a fossfel st therefoe hve the foowingchracteistcs eginnng t zeo, therate of podcto tends nitally to ncease eponentally Then, as dlties of discovey and etracto ncrease,the podction rte slows ts gowth,passes one maim or ore and, as theresorce s pogressvely depleted, de-clnes eventualy to zero

f knon past and prospectve ftrerates of podction are combned with easonable estate of the aont of

a fel intially present, one cn calc-late the pobable legth of te thatthe fel can b loited n the casof coal easonab ood estates of the



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o s v os c bd o bss o oocl mppd d sd dl ols -s s o s od strtdbds ss otos ovsv s S sds hv bd t colb rs o thwod

Th os copo o h

ps oto o wol's - co sorcs ws b PlAvr o US Golo Srs rs see iusaio beo 1 rp-rs mbl col c s d s50 pr o t co ctll pstJdd s co bds s h s chs (3 ctmtrs) d td odpths o 000 t ( omts) or ss 000 (8 lo-rs)

T Avtt's smt o -l sppl o 7 trlo mtrc tos d

ss tt th prst prodctot o hr bllo mtr tos pr dos ot dobl mor th thr tmso c xpct tht th p th rto rocto wll b rhd somtmbtw 00 50 Dsrrdh o tm qrd to pro trst 0 prt d h lst 0 prctth t o tm qr to pro l 80 r w b roh

S

00 0

0

300 od o 000 to 300Estt t o o o d s

w ttl b dsovd drodcd v r s cosdrblmo hzdos th stmt o coTh so s t ths ds oc strctd voms o sp d ltdrs sdr bss t ll dptsrom w d mts o mor

lots Nothss th stmts o v ro mpov s -lorto oto rocd Iddto t s possbl to m roh s-mts o tv vop rso th bss o oocl comprsosbtw t d wldvopd os

Th os h dvopd oo-d ro th world s t cot-mos o th US: h 48 stsxsv o ls d w Thsr s t o l th world p-

rol dvlopmt d th US sstl th d procr For ths r-o r ss o t hs b -cltd d br o drods o lss v b dvlopd th v l cosst stmtso h dr o vct o ptro- ploto o th mots ool d s tht m vtll b pro-

O sc mtod s bsd o th pr-cpl tht ol t br o o os lds std tll v r-o s xplorto ros th shl-owst d ost v ls r s-ll dscovrd rs d th pd mor obscr os ltr h hdscovr th b o scovrdlds dcrss b o Th scov-

r lds r lso l to b pror w sp btt o-ld th mot o xplotorctvt qrd to dscovr xdqtt o o or s stl sso covrsl th v mot oo o s scovr or x moo poor tvt stl d-rss

Most ds dscovr bwt th str clls l w-ct wlls m wlls dl rrtor tht s ot mt

vt o ow ls I th U S st-stcs hv b pt sc45 o th b o wl wlwlls rqr to o scdscovr o ol or s (st - d s o mlo brls o oo qvlt mo o s) hdscovrs or v r r vtd ol tr sx rs o sbsqdvlom I 5 r

ORT ERC ESTERERO

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COAL RESOURCES of the word are ndicated on the asis of dat

comled by Paul vertt of the S Gologcal Surey The ures

eresent the total ntial esources of mnable oal, hich s de-

ned s 5 percent of the coal actually resent The horzonta

scae ges the ota suy Each erta bok shos the o

ionment of the supply n a contnent rom the rst block fo

xamle one can asertain that Asa has some 5 mtrtons of minabl coal of hh about percent s n the USS.

6



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w wica ws o mak a significan iscovry by 1963 h nbra incras o 65

Anohr way of ilnang h pobm is o consir h amon of o isovr pr foo of poraory riingFrom 1860 o 1920, whn oi was fairyasy o n, h raio was 194 brrs

pr foo Fro 1920 o 198 h raiocin o 167 barrs pr foo wn 1928 an 1938, paly bcas ofh iscovry of h arg as Tas oi an pary bcas of nw plora-ory chniqs, h raio ros o is ma-im of 276 barrls pr foo Sinc hni has faln sharply o a narly consnra of abo 35 barrs pr foo Y hprio of his cin coinci wih him of h os innsiv rsarch anvopmn in prol ploraionan procion in h hisory of h in

sryTh caiv iscovrs n h 48sas p o 1965 mon o 136 biion barrs Fro his rcor of riingan iscovry i can b sia hh lia oa iscovris in h corminos US an h ajacn coninna shlvs will b abo 165 bil-ion brrls Th iscovris p o 1965hrfor rprsn abo 82 prcn ofh prospciv tia ot Makng

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WESTERN HEMISPR

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aowanc for h rang of ncriny in sias of fr iscovry, isi appars ha a as 75 prcn ofh lia amon of oi o b proc in his ara wi b obain froms ha ha aray b iscovrby 1965

For nara gas in h sas h

prsn ra of isovry, avrag ovra ca, is abo 6,500 cbic f prarr of oi Assing h sam raiofor h sima ima aon of165 bilion barrs of cr oi, h ima amon of nara gas wo abo 1,05 rilion cbic f Combining h simas for oi an gas wih hrns of pocion maks i possibo sia how ong hs nrgy r-sorcs wil as n h cas of oi hprio of pk procon appars o bh prsn Th i span rqir o

proc h i 80 prcn of hlima claiv procion is approialy h 65yar prio fro1934 o 1999ss han h span of ahan ifi For nara gas h pakof pocion wi probabl b rchwn 1975 an 1980

Th iscovris of pro n Aaska ofy h picr somwha n pariclr h l Prho ay apparskly b prsn sias o contain

URO, MIDDLE EAST A AFRCA;,o EUROP/x BARLSFR IC51 9 L

M I ET6 10 LS

9 12

QNY(1 BL)

=

abo 10 biion brrs, mking i wicas arg as h as Tas , whicwas h args in h US prviosynly a rogh sia can b ma ofh vna iscovris of prolmin Aaska Sch a spclaiv siwo b from 30 o 50 biion barrsn ms bar in min, howvr, ha

30 biion barrs is ss han a yarsppy for h US a h prsn ra ofconspion nc i appars iklyha h princip c of h oi froAlaska wi b o rar h ra ofclin of oal US procion rahrhan o pospon th a of is pak

sims of tia worl procon of oil rang fro 1,350 biion barrs o 2,100 bilion brrls For hhighr gr h pk in h ra ofwor procion wol b rachabo h yar 2000 Th prio of con

smpion of h il 80 prcn wilprobably b so 58 o 64 yars, pning on whhr h owr or hhighr si is s [se boom -lustrtion o page 69]

A sbsania b sil ni aon ofoi can b rc from ar sans anoi shls, whr pocion hs barlybgn Th lags rsan pits arn northrn Albra hy hv oa rovrab rsrvs of bo 300 bilon

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FAR 2x 9 B

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PETROLEUM REOURCES of the ord are deced a ar

ragemet that ca be read i the same a as the diara of coa

suppes o the opposte age The gures for eroeu are de-

red fom estmates made 1967 b W P ma of he Sadar

i oma of Ne Jese Th reesnt ultimate crudeoi

roductio, icudi o fom ohore aea, and conit of o a

ead roduced, roved ad robabe reserves, and fuure dscov

eries Estimates as o as 1350 10 bares hae ao bee made



7/14


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EUERIU

+

-@EURIU ELU 3

-0 0

+ 0 1 V

EURO

+ 0 17.6 V

RO U23 FSSIO RODUCS UROS DURU R 6 LU URON

FIIO AD FUIO REACTIO hd the prmise of serv

ing s suces f energy when fss fues re depeted Presnt nuce pwer pnts un urnium 235 s fue Breeder rectrsnw under devepment wi e e t use surpus neutrns frm

the sin f unium 235 (let) t crete ther nuce fues: pu

tnum 23 nd unium 233 Tw prmising fusin rectins deuteumdeuteium nd deuteriumtritium, e t right The energyreesed y the vus ectins is shwn in min eectrn vts

mns o xn tis isod onstn mu in ninsuld m lld wit mixtuo odium nd osium loids ts nou i o ls ond' ollion. H xd om tism os onvntionl tmli ow lnt T omutd -in o tis oosl is sid to ou 30 n

A id stm s n oosd Alvin F Hildnd nd o M. o nivit o Houson Inil tin diion in umil into ol unnd oil o o ,500ooow om oil t tm-u o 2,000 d Klvin would onvd ino li ow nododnmi onvsion Ano ssm sd on -dli o wt is ls oosd Anoll in o out 20 nt iimd

Ov n o inis om 0o 30 n moun o mlow would v olldo ,000 mw lnt would nom 0,000 3,300 ml m-w. Aodinl ollin so m would 70, 35nd 23 u ilomt stivlit s ini uid o n ltiowi o 350,000 mwttst -

oxim it o t in 970would 24,500 su ilomt,wi i omw lss tn nt o o Aizon.

T sl nowld nd tnoloil ou ndd to us sol n- on u l now ill.T noloil diultis o doinso, owv, sould no minimizd.

in ol ow inditl mnslin on wind, wi imil on l l, on ttmow t o t dolo l.

A ln t us o smow -s omisin, us wold'stol wow i in uilsis is ou illion wtts, wi

oxim sn us o nin indust Onl 8.5 n o - ow is dvlod sn, ow-v, nd ions wit t onilAi, Sout Ami- nd Souts Asi lsdvlod industill. Eonomi olms to tnd in t w o x-tnsiv dvlomn o ditiol wtow.

il ow is otid om t llin nd mtin o o n s-u n lod dm. Tnlod sin is llowd t ll ndm onl duin i iods ind low tid in od o dvlo mu ow s il A num oomisin i xis; ti ontil -iis n om wo mwt to20,000 mw T ol o-nil id ow, owv, mouns oou 4 ilion w, wi is onl n o wold' ontil wtow Onl on ulll idlliln n uil; i i on Rnstu on Cnnl Islnd os oFn I it su in 9 240 mwts; n ultimt -it o 320 mw i lnnd.

otml ow is otind x-in is moil stodin t t u sous s vol-no nd ot w llin sndso d sdimn sins Onl vol-

ni sous sinintl xloidt nt A otmlow o-ion n und w in t Ldl o It in 904 nd now s it o 370 mwtt T woot min o omlowodution T ss in notnClioni nd Wik in Nw Zlnd. Podution T s in 90 wit 2.5mwt uni B99 t it d d 82 mwts, nd lns o otl intlld it o 400 mwtt

973 T Wii ln n oion in 958 nd now s t o290 mwtts, wi is livd to out mximum o t si.

Dold E Wit o .S. Go-loil Suv s stimd tstod tml n in t wold's m-jo otml s mounts o ou4 0 jouls. Wit 25 n on-vsion to t oduion o lil woud ou 0 jouls,o t mllion mwts I tisn, wi is dltl, w wit-dwn ov iod o 50 , v nnul ow odution would 0,000 mwtts, i is oml to t otntil tidl ow

ul ow mus onsidd und t wo dins o sion ndusion. Fission involv littin onuli o v lmnt su unium. Fusion invol ominin olit nuli u s dutium. nium235, wi is isoto ( 00,000 toms o ntul unium inlud ixtom o unium 234, 7 tom o u-nium 235 nd 99,283 oms o unium238, i onl omi si lo ssionin und ltivl mild nvionmnl ndition. I ul n dndd nil on unium 235, nulu o would iB din, owv, win soin nuton in nul tounium 238 is nsomd int ssionl lutonium 239 o oium 3 om ssionl unium 233, i is os-il o mo nul ul tn

is onsumd Wi din tisul o nul unium nd toium"oud tus om vill ul ssion tos.

Mos o tos now otin ond in idl win ul-ow indust in .S dnd ssntill on unium 235 T .S.tomi En Commision sti-md tt t unium uimn tom t otd w t om90 to 980 i 20,000 o tons ounium oxid (O. A o n

l ssud Euon NulEn An nd InntionlAtom En An os umnts o 430000 so tons o unium



9/14

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RT OF GROWTH f U.S. ny pdutin i wn y plttin n militmic

t dt pntd in t iuttn t t tp t p Bkn ln w t

t r d t dtnt pd. In t t t wt t w pnt y ndth dung prid w y; in t nd t rt w pnt nd t dunprid w r; in t td t t w 425 pnt wi duln in 3 y

oe or the nonCoun natonng the ae pero

gant thee requreent the ECetate that the quantty o uranuoe proucle a $ per poun ropreent reerve n the US 243,000ton, an the worl reerve at $0 perpon or le are etate n the otherreport at 4,00 ton The ae repor

eate that to eet utue requre-ent atona reerve o ore thaa llo hort ton wl have to e -covere an evelope y 95.

lhough ew covere o uranul outle contnue to e ae (lae one wa recently reporte n north-eater utrala), all preent evencencate that wthout a tranto tobeeer reactor a acute hortage oowcot ore lkely o evelop eorethe en o the century Hence an nten-ve eor to evelop largecale reeer

reactor or power proucton n prog-re I t cee, the tuaton wthrega to ue upply wll e ratcallyaltere

Th propec reut ro the actt wth the reeer reactr the aouno energ otanae ro one gra ouran 23 aount o joule o heat That eqal to the heao couton o 27 etrc ton o coaor 37 arrel (9 etrc ton o crueol Dregarg he raher lte up-ple o hghgrae ranu ore tha areavlale, let u coner the uch oreanant lowgrae ore ne eaplewll ncate the polte

The Chattaooga lack hale oDevonan age crp out along the we-e ege o the ppalachan ountann eatern Tenneee an unerle anae epth ot o Tenneee, Ken-tucky, ho, Inana a Illno n toutcrp area eatern Tenneee thhle contan a layer aout ve eterthck that ha a uranu ontent oaout 0 gra per etrc ton Thaaont o uranu equvalent toaou 2 etrc ton o tunoucoal or 22 arrel o crue ol Vt theenty o the rock oe 25 etrc tonper cuc eter, a vertcal colun orock ve eter long an one quareeter n cro ecto wol onta25 ton o rock an 750 gra o ura-n The energy content o the haleer quare eter o urace area woulthereore e equvalent to aout 2ton o coal or arrel o ol l-lowng or a percent o n nngan etractng the uranu, e are tll

Je wth the eqvalent o on ocoal or 5 arrel o ol per qareeter

Takng vertt etae o 5 trl



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JOS' '"iA " A F R I C A 2

0

R RESERES LITHIUM whh wuld be the limitin fat n the dutum

itum fusn eatin ae tatd in tems of lithium 6 because t s the leat abunant iso

oe ven with ths lmitatin the eneg obtainable fm fusin thuh the deuteium

ritum eactin wul almst eual the ene contnt f the wld's osslfuel ul

bunant t is ruce frm the eoicay rare ineus rc w eatites n from the ts f ikes he esure, iicte frre ithium reurces the USCana an fric tt 9 1 mio to eeenta ithium f whch the ctent of ithiu wou be 7.42 tmercent, r 7,500 metric tn Frthis aount f ithium the fusi eer otainabe t 19 10 ue perto ou be 215 10 ues, whics riatey eua t the ergycon te t of the wor's fssi fue

s on s fusin power s eeent on the euteriumtritium rectihich at preset pears to be soehat the esier ecause t prcees ower teerature, the eery btaibe fro this souce pers t be ofbout the sae orer f mitue that fro fossi fues f fusi can beaccoishe with the euteriumeuteru reaction, the picture wi bearkey chane y this reacti theenergy reese er euteriu tomconsue is 794 10 ue necubic meter f water ntins bout10 tos of euteriu havin masf 44 grs n a oteti fusion eergy f 794 10 oues his is euivent to the het f combustin f 00metric tos f coa r 1500 barres fcrue i Since cubic imeter cotais 10 cubic meters, the fue euiv

ets f ne cubic imeter f seawaterre 00 biion tons f a r 1,500 bion barres f crue i he tota voue of the cens is bout 5 biincubic iometers f enough euteriuwere ithrawn to reuce the iiticoncetratin by 1 percent, the enrgyreese by fusion wu out tout 500,000 time the enery of thewor' iiti su of fos fue!

Unimite resurces f ery however, o ot ipy n unimiteuer f power ants t is s true ofpower pants r autoobies s it sf bioogica pouatis that the erthcannot ustain ny physica rth formore than few tes of succesive u-bings Because f this mpossibiity thepoetia rtes f inustria n puatin rwth that have prevaie urithe past century n hf mut cease thouh the forthcmin perioof stabiity poses isuerbe hycr biooic icutes, t cn hry ft force or revision f those spect

f ur curre ci ecothiin that tem frm the sumtth the rwth rtes ht hve chr-cterize this temprry peri oehow e ae eraen



12/14

Trouble

Conidiospores-eay somaticces-ride th wind. n effect,a s i n g e o rg a n i s m s p r e a d seneticay identca extensions

of tsef over a continent . I nftion marks this "wind sotfrom a narrow opning in thwoods. Entir f ied was f inayaffected

Mississ ipp Sto te Cl lege ph

From spor to afspot to nwspor can tak as i as hours whr and whn dw s

p e n t if u l .Mssiss pp Sae Cl lege pht

In

Johnson grass ra

tive of corn stayd heathyW d s a n d g r a ss f a v o r t hbight by sowing the drying ofth dew.

he mutant attacks the eashe o r ig n a r a ce o f So ut he r nCor Leaf Blight concentratedpretty muc on aves

We wat to be usef . .ad even irsg

Crn

This i s how Southen Con Leaf Bligh i s being racked hissummer-by is coor on KODA AEROOME Ifared Fim

(ESTAR Base) . ( Usefl aso i estimang dell ng unisn a congested cra city and n may other kinds o "remote sensing.) This m, instead of ting o mtate thecolos of he rea orld, works by shifting man's color visiona shor ay io the aed. Has nothing to do h empeatue sesng b somtg to do with t ay the bainoks a a ot o o t th spcta ctac o gnpats.

Foty sc Je , camas ave be yi mies abov samp sts ec m ie by ms aave be thooghy studed on e goud. Fim goes ote Laboto o Apicatons of Remote Sensng a PudueUvesy e the tptes ok. Fom the eortsjdmts e made a eate Race o te asexpoduc s Hmihospoiu maydis to th pco ambus steas cic mk.

stads o xas as xas aste cyoasm veto tic gnng t cts ou te eavycost detasse t ybrid seed lats (so tat thy slbe ponted oy by t adjcen ow o t ma pant inte coss) . s as mos utfl idea ut ary n 9 7 te appead n Foida a mutn of he pviousy umpotat H mayds tt seca izes in Txas maesteicopsm. Wth th dey gs ad wam days of t 9 7 smm povg ia o the dveopmt of t gusRace swept not. B hybid con om seed podcd hecosty od ay k ts hg yied d t cob stgt tatcoad mchy eques. Sc sed thou asbcome scac.

Tis yar eac o as needed al te ormato ecould e or ckn s o bs strate aas ts umia teat to otable ami. Sc to so beas?ake a cace o ybi d seed co bdd it a pctaepoduced by dtasse? Plat tck or hnly Dep osao? Weed cotol? Lm aas soil acd? Copinsuace ede tou te utes makt? Pacpa t poram o tak soe aca out o rodctoscically bottom ad e d s quet Wat tad eb o boloy ecoomcs ad dvnation etedsback rom e meat coue o e ososmple ame!

Never as t bolosts nd to commucate by measo potogras be more stronly elt a in comaidings on he ce T problem and geting he nefoundacs ou o al those indivdual decisonmakers See glimpses

a ef and righ of mages ha dever heir i mpct via V an dress away fro he cities and suburbs A good communicaor r Luther Farar of Auburn niversy in Aubura. ave he o us with a lite advce

h toxin hits ony corn t ssebut when it goes a the way tostm rot it opens the way forsecondary organisms. Some ofths might produc toxins fort h a n im a k in d o m

Just poor quaty and quantitya r e t ro u b e e n ou g h .

and wak cobs fou the

harvst

a k t i m f o r t h c a r e f u lcompost ion that ts a pture spak for itself.

Shoot impoant subjcts inboth coor and backandwhite (Coor s ides ar bestfor meetins but conventhem to backandwht foowcost pubications bringsprobems in picture quaity)

Pictur quaity is vital Focuswith ca re then s top down tof/ for depth of f ed ft ha t ca s f o a s o w shut espee use a tripod

Fo V appearances bring " x " prints ounted ardboard



13/14 1971 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC


14/14

L c

Ad yu u r smokein r ar wr plant

N u c l e a r p o w e r p l a n t s d o n ' tb u a n y t h n g t o m a k e e l e c t r c t yAnd where there's no fire, there's nosmoke.

That's why so many rsponsblepeople concerned abou t or en vronment now avor nuclear powr. I'sjust about the cleanest way thr sto make electrcty

B what abou th qstonst h a t a r b e n g r a s d n p e o p ' smnds about ncar plns?

T he q est on o r ot v y or example. Ncar pls typcalyadd an average o less an mrms/year to the backgron rton evels o ther ss ars

negbor to a typcal nclear pnwould be expose n yr ahe same extra radaton tha t he'd rceve drng a round trp cross cotry on a

Or th queston saey. Nomember o the publc has ever beennjured by the a lre a reactor orby an accdental rlease o radoac-

tvty That's because saety has aways been the first onsro buldng n uclear plants .

T h n t h e e ' s t h q e s t o n

t h e r m a l e c t s l n u l r rplan ts dscha rge , as o ssplants Amerca's tltes, h manyyears o experence, ar rn othermal problems at ncer ss oa pantbyplan bass.

Gnral Electrc as made maor reneme n ts n n clear technoloysne poneerng t years go. oday, GE csomers have 8 plantsm o r e t h a n mllJo sworkng or n he works

An d, we're at work on nw wys

to nerate power or r, ludng h b reedr rtr maes more e t ss, smaller demnds on or s nat ral resrces

e people a Gneral Elecrare he lpng tltes kep a o tountry's growng demand or ecrcty . The clanst aywe o

Mhg

G E N E R A L . L C T I

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Fuentes de Energia Sobre La Tierra

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