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Fungi
Characteristics• eukaryotic• multicellular (except yeasts)• heterotrophic by absorption
(saprophytes – feed on dead organic matter)• reproduce sexually & asexually• no locomotion• cell walls made of chitin• classified by sexual reproduction• decomposers
• hyphae – rootlike structures for absorbing nutrients
• mycelium - all the hyphae in a fungus, collectively
Fungal structure
A. Phylum Oomycota
• protist-like fungi• reproduce sexually by oospores• reproduce asexually by sporangia• ex: water molds
B. Phylum Zygomycota
• conjugation fungi• reproduce sexually by conjugation - • + & - mating strains of hyphae fuse to form a
zygospore• reproduce asexually by sporangia• ex: Rhizopus (black bread mold)
Zygomycota life cycle
Rhizopus
C. Phylum Ascomycota
• sac fungi• sexually reproduces by ascospores• asexually reproduces by conidia or budding• ex: Peziza (cup fungus), morels, yeasts
Ascomycota life cycle
Ascomycetes
Yeasts budding
D. Phylum Basidiomycota
• club fungi• sexually reproduces by basidiospores• asexually reproduces by sporangia or not at all• ex: Agaricus (mushroom), puffballs, Amanita (death cap mushroom)
Basidiomycota life cycle
E. Phylum Deuteromycota
• imperfect fungi• no known sexual reproduction• asexually reproduce by conidia• ex: ringworm fungus, athletes’s foot fungus
Symbiotic relationships in fungi:
1) Lichens – fungus & alga living together
2) Mycorrhizae – fungi & tree roots living together
Lichens
Importance of fungi:
Helpful• make antibiotics (penicillin)• used in cheese-making (bleu cheese)• used in baking industry (yeast)• used in alcohol industry (yeast)• used as a food source• decomposers
Importance of fungi:
Harmful:• cause disease in humans• cause disease in crops• cause allergies• spoil food